In what layer of the Earth’s atmosphere does the phenomenon causing global warming occur?

a. Thermosphereb.Exospherec. Troposphered.Mesospheree.Stratosphere

C. Troposphere

In what layer of the Earth’s atmosphere is the beneficial ozone layer found?

a. Thermosphereb.Exospherec. Troposphered.Mesospheree.Stratosphere

e. Stratosphere

Most oxygen is found in this layer of the atmosphere

a. Thermosphereb.Exospherec. Troposphered.Mesospheree.Stratosphere

C. Troposphere

Which is found in old plumbing pipes and fixtures and some ceramic glazes?

a. Asbestosb.Radonc. Leadd.Carbon Monoxidee.Formaldehyde

C. Lead

Composed of fibers known to cause lung disease

a.Asbestosb.Radonc.Leadd.Carbon Monoxidee.Formaldehyde

a. Asbestos

Emitted from most manufactured building materials and furniture

a. Asbestosb.Radonc. Leadd.Carbon Monoxidee.Formaldehyde

e. Formaldehyde

A colorless, odorless gas that is naturally occurring decay product of uranium

a. Asbestosb.Radonc. Leadd.Carbon Monoxidee.Formaldehyde

b. Radon

Which of the following human activities is most closely associated with depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer?

a. Mining of coalb.Disposal of refrigerators and air conditionersc. Heating of homes and factoriesd.Generation of electricity e.Agricultural irrigation

b. Disposal of refrigerators and air conditioners

In 1987, 36 nations meeting in Montreal, Canada developed the Montreal Protocol to reduce production of

a. Carbon dioxideb.Nitrous oxidec. Toxic wastesd.CFC’s

d. CFC’s

Which of the following show the approximate concentrations of CO2, N2, and O2 in dry air?

CO2 N2 O2

A 78% Less 1% 21%

B 43% Less 1% 56%

C 36% 8% 56%

D 10% 70% 20%

E Less 1% 78% 21%

e. Less 1% CO2, 78% N2, 21% O2

Of the following cities, which regularly experiences the worst levels of photochemical smog that is enhanced by thermal inversions?

a. New York City, New Yorkb.Los Angeles, Californiac. Portland, Oregand.Atlanta, Georgiae.Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

b. Los Angeles, California

Possible effects of a warmer atmosphere include which of the following?

I. Expanded ranges of tropical diseasesII. More intense hurricanes and typhoonsIII. Increased crop damage from pests and diseases

a. I onlyb. II onlyc. I and III onlyd. II and III onlye. I, II, and III

e. I, II, and III

When a rain forest is slashed and burned, the local concentration of carbon dioxide is the atmosphere increases. This is primarily due to

a. Changes in the local climateb.Oxidation of carbon compoundsc. Cellular respiration of rain forest plantsd.Erosion of exposed soile.Carbon dioxide being released by anaerobic

organisms

b. Oxidation of carbon compounds

Pollution is considered an external cost when

a. It has harmful effects borne only by the people who purchase the products that cause the pollution

b. The cost to the environment is not reflected in the price of the products that produce the pollution

c. It has a significant impact on the consumer’s decision to buy a product that pollutes

d. It is a hidden cost that would result in a greater demand for the product if the consumer were aware of the hidden cost

e. It is produced in the external environment by a malfunction in the operation of the product

b. The cost to the environment is not reflected in the price of the products that produce the pollution

Which of the following is a greenhouse gas produced by domestic livestock?

a. NO2b.CH4c. O3d.COe.SO2

b. CH4

Which of the following best illustrates point source pollution?

a. Toxic sediments in the delta of a major riverb.Increase in NO2 in traffic clogged cityc. Dust blowing off unpaved roadsd.Smoke emitted from forest firese.Smokestack emissions from a large smelting

company

e. Smokestack emissions from a large smelting company

All of the following have been reported and are possible signs of global warming except

a. Bleaching of coral reefs with warmer waterb. Spread of tropical diseases away from the equatorc. Homestead farming in Antarctica d. Severe weather

C. Homestead farming in Antarctica

The three main anthropogenic sources of gaseous air pollutants in the United States are

a. Soil erosion, volcanoes, and forest firesb.Soil erosion, volcanoes, and energy productionc. Industry, construction, and agricultured.Industry, transportation, and energy productione. Industry, transportation, and agriculture

d. Industry, transportation, and energy production

Acid deposition would most likely result in which of the following?

a. The release of aluminum ions from soilb.An increase in populations of mollusksc. The death of species tolerant of low pH levelsd.An increase in buffering of lake water by

sulfatese.An increase in the pH of buffered water

a. The release of aluminum ions from soil

If the Earth had no atmosphere, the mean surface temperature would be approximately -15ºC. With our present atmopshere, Earth’s mean temperature is approximately +15ºC. Which of the following is the best explanation for this difference?

a.Reflection of incident solar radiation by cloudsb.Scattering of visible radiation by the ozone layerc. Absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the ozone

layerd.Absorption of infrared radiation by the

atmospheric gasese.The breakdown of oxygen molecules in the

thermosphere

d. Absorption of infrared radiation by the atmospheric gases

Ground level ozone in most major United States cities results primarily from

a. Burning coalb.Burning fuel for cookingc. Producing electric powerd.Industrial emissionse.Motor-vehicle exhaust

e. Motor-vehicle exhaust

Global warming is most likely to directly cause which of the following?

a. Shifting of grain belts toward the equatorb. Falling sea levels in the Southern Hemispherec. Coastal flooding and submersion of low lying areasd. A decrease in the amount of water vapor in the

atmospheree. An increase in the number and size of glaciers

c. Coastal flooding and submersion of low lying areas

Which of the following is an important contributor to both global warming and ozone depletion?

a. An increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide to higher than preindustrial levels

b. A buildup of methane in the stratosphere to higher than preindustrial levels

c. An increase in the levels of ultraviolet radiation reaching Earth’s surface

d. An increase in the amount of infrared solar radiation absorbed in the troposphere

e. A release of chlorofluorocarbons to the atmosphere

e. A release of chlorofluorocarbons to the atmosphere

Smoke from forest fires is most likely to affect air quality over larger areas for many days when

a. Smog is produced due to chemical reactions in the atmosphere

b. A persistent atmospheric inversion exists in the region

c. Oak trees are burned, releasing terpenes into the atmosphere

d. Primary, rather than secondary, forests are burnede. Vegetation in the region is green and burns more

slowly

b. A persistent atmospheric inversion exists in the region

Which of the following best explains why it is predicted that ozone depletion over the poles will be at its worst between 2010 and 2019?

a. Projected global warming from carbon dioxide emissions is expected to reach a peak during those years

b. Ozone-depleting chemicals produced before their use was banned will take that long to reach peak concentrations in the stratosphere

c. Deforestation in tropical regions is expected to reach a peak during the second decade of the twenty-first century

d. Increased global populations will lead to an increase in per capita CO2 production

e. Acid deposition will continue to increase, reaching peak in approximately 2015

b. Ozone-depleting chemicals produced before their use was banned will take that long to reach peak concentrations in the stratosphere

A. Urban areas trap more heat than rural areas do

Which of these describes the heat-island effect?

a. Urban areas trap more heat than rural areas dob. Tropical islands reflect heat back into the

atmospherec. Warm water in the Pacific causes excessive

evaporation into the atmosphered. Lakes retain heat and provide warmth for

landmasses nearbye. Rapid decomposition in swamps releases large

amounts of heat

During an El Nino- Southern Oscillation event, which of the following best describes conditions in the eastern part of the tropical Pacific Ocean (ex: near Peru and Ecuador)?

Sea Surface Tempeature

Rainfall

A. Low Low

B. Low High

C. High Low

D. High High

E. High Normal

D. High Sea Surface Temperatures, High Rainfall

True statements about ozone include which of the following?

I. It is a pollutant in the troposphereII. It filters out most of the UV – C radiation in the stratosphereIII. Most of it is formed in the stratosphere by reactions

between carbon dioxide and free oxygen atoms

a. I onlyb. II onlyc. III only d. I and II onlye. I, II, and III

d. I and II only

Of the following, which is true of noise pollution

a. Noise pollution is an insignificant occupational hazardb. Noise at 100 decibels has twice the energy of noise at

50 decibelsc. Hearing damage occurs most quickly when the

intensity level of the sound is lowd. In urban areas, few individuals are exposed to noise

pollutione. Sudden or persistent noise may lead to permanent

hearing loss

e. Sudden or persistent noise may lead to permanent hearing loss