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Cambridge University Press978-8-490-36103-0 — Essential Grammar in Use Book with answers and Interactive eBook Spanish editionRaymond Murphy , Fernando Garcia Clemente FrontmatterMore Information

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EssentialGrammar

in UseGramática básica de la lengua inglesa

Edición en español

Cuarta Edición

Raymond Murphycon Fernando García Clemente

con versión eBook y respuestas

www.cambridge.org/9788490361030

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Essential Grammar in Use first published 1994

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iii

Índice general

Agradecimientos viiA los estudiantes viiiA los profesores xeBook interactivo xi

El presente

1 am/is/are (afirmación y negación) 2 am/is/are (interrogación) 3 I’m hungry / It’s cold etc. 4 I am doing (present continuous) 5 are you doing? (present continuous, interrogación) 6 I do/work/like etc. (present simple, afirmación) 7 I don’t … (present simple, negación) 8 Do you … ? (present simple, interrogación) 9 I am doing (present continuous) y I do (present simple) 10 I have … y I’ve got …

El pasado

11 was/were 12 worked/got/went etc. (past simple) 13 I didn’t … Did you … ? (past simple, negación e interrogación) 14 I was doing (past continuous) 15 I was doing (past continuous) y I did (past simple)

Present perfect 16 I have done (present perfect 1) 17 I’ve just … I’ve already … I haven’t … yet (present perfect 2) 18 Have you ever … ? (present perfect 3) 19 How long have you … ? (present perfect 4) 20 for since ago 21 I have done (present perfect) y I did (past simple)

La voz pasiva

22 is done was done (voz pasiva 1) 23 is being done has been done (voz pasiva 2)

Formas verbales

24 be/have/do (present y past) 25 Verbos regulares e irregulares

El futuro

26 What are you doing tomorrow? (presente con significado futuro) 27 I’m going to … 28 will/shall 1 29 will/shall 2

Verbos modales, imperativo etc.

30 might 31 can y could 32 must mustn’t don’t need to 33 should 34 I have to … 35 Would you like … ? I’d like … 36 Do this! Don’t do that! Let’s do this! (imperativo) 37 I used to …

SI NO TIENES LA SEGURIDAD DE QUÉ UNIDADES NECESITAS ESTUDIAR, USA LA GUÍA EN LA PÁGINA 262


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iv

here y it

38 there is there are 39 there was/were there has/have been there will be 40 It …

Verbos auxiliares

41 I am, I don’t etc.

42 Have you? Are you? Don’t you? etc.

43 too/either so am I / neither do I etc.

44 Negaciones: isn’t, haven’t, don’t etc.

La interrogación

45 is it … ? have you … ? do they … ? etc. (la interrogación 1) 46 Who saw you? Who did you see? (la interrogación 2) 47 Who is she talking to? What is it like? (la interrogación 3) 48 What … ? Which … ? How … ? (la interrogación 4) 49 How long does it take … ? 50 Do you know where … ? I don’t know what … etc.

El estilo indirecto

51 She said that … He told me that …

–ing y to … 52 work/working go/going do/doing 53 to … (I want to do) e –ing (I enjoy doing) 54 I want you to … I told you to … 55 I went to the shop to …

Go, get, do, make y have

56 go to … go on … go for … go –ing 57 get 58 do y make 59 have

Pronombres y posesivos

60 I/me he/him they/them etc.

61 my/his/their etc.

62 Whose is this? It’s mine/yours/hers etc.

63 I/me/my/mine 64 myself/yourself/themselves etc. 65 –’s (Kate’s camera / my brother’s car etc.)

A y the

66 a/an … 1 67 a/an … 2 68 train(s) bus(es) (singular y plural) 69 a bottle / some water (contable/incontable 1) 70 a cake / some cake / some cakes (contable/incontable 2) 71 the 72 go to work go home go to the cinema 73 I like music I hate exams 74 the … (con nombres de lugares)



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v

Determinantes y pronombres

75 this/that/these/those 76 one/ones 77 some y any 78 not + any no none 79 not + anybody/anyone/anything nobody/no–one/nothing 80 somebody/anything/nowhere etc. 81 every y all 82 all most some any no/none 83 both either neither 84 a lot much many 85 (a) little (a) few

Adjetivos y adverbios

86 old/nice/interesting etc. (adjetivos) 87 quickly/badly/suddenly etc. (adverbios) 88 old/older expensive/more expensive 89 older than … more expensive than … 90 not as … as 91 the oldest the most expensive 92 enough 93 too

Orden de las palabras en la frase

94 He speaks English very well. (orden de las palabras en la frase 1) 95 always/usually/often etc. (orden de las palabras en la frase 2) 96 still yet already 97 Give me that book! Give it to me!

Conjunciones y oraciones compuestas

98 and but or so because 99 When … 100 If I had … If we went … etc. 101 a person who … a thing that/which … (oraciones de relativo 1) 102 the people we met the hotel you stayed at (oraciones de relativo 2)

Preposiciones

103 at 8 o’clock on Monday in April 104 from … to until since for 105 before after during while 106 in at on (preposiciones de lugar 1) 107 in at on (preposiciones de lugar 2) 108 to in at (preposiciones de lugar 3) 109 under, behind, opposite etc.

110 up, over, through etc. 111 on at by with about 112 good at … , interested in … etc. of/at/for etc. (preposiciones) + –ing 113 listen to … , look at … etc. (verbo + preposición)

Verbos con adverbio (phrasal verbs) 114 go in, fall off, run away etc. (phrasal verbs 1) 115 put on your shoes put your shoes on (phrasal verbs 2)



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vi

ApéndicesApéndice 1 Voz activa y voz pasiva 233Apéndice 2 Lista de verbos irregulares 234Apéndice 3 Verbos irregulares en grupos 235Apéndice 4 Contracciones (he’s / I’d / don’t etc.) 236Apéndice 5 Ortografía 238Apéndice 6 Phrasal verbs (take off / give up etc.) 240Apéndice 7 Phrasal verbs + objeto (put out a ire / give up your job etc.) 241Apéndice 8 Cuantificadores (very/much/many etc.) 242

Ejercicios complementarios 243

Guía para el estudio 262

Soluciones a los ejercicios 272Soluciones a los ejercicios complementarios 299Soluciones a la guía para el estudio 301

Indice analítico 302



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vii

DiseñoKamae Design

Óscar Latorre

IlustracionesAdz, Paul Boston, Christopher Flint, John Goodwin, Katie Mac, Martina – KJA artists, Lucy Truman,

Antonio Cuesta Cornejo

Desarrollo digitalDatamatics Ltd.


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viii

Guía para el estudio

265

SI NO SABES CUÁL ES CORRECTA ESTUDIA UNIDAD

7.4 Before Maria came to Britain, she understand much English. 31A can B can’t C not D couldn’t E doesn’t

7.5 We walk home last night. � ere were no buses. 32, 34A have to B had to C must D must to E must have

7.6 I go yet. I can stay a little longer. 32A must B mustn’t C must not D don’t need E don’t need to

7.7 It’s a good fi lm. You go and see it. 33A should to B ought to C ought D should E need

7.8 What time go to the dentist tomorrow? 34A you must B you have to C have you to D do you have to

7.9 We wait long for the bus – it came in a few minutes. 34A don’t have to B hadn’t to C didn’t have to D didn’t had to E mustn’t

7.10 ‘ some coff ee? ’ ‘No, thank you.’ 35A Are you liking B You like C Would you like D Do you like

7.11 Please . Stay here with me. 36A don’t go B you no go C go not D you don’t go

7.12 Dave in a factory. Now he works in a supermarket. 37A working B works C worked D use to work E used to work

h ere y it

8.1 Excuse me, a hotel near here? 38A has there B is there C there is D is it

8.2 a lot of accidents on this road. It’s very dangerous. 38A Have B It has C � ere have D � ey are E � ere are

8.3 I was hungry when I got home, but anything to eat. 39A there wasn’t B there weren’t C it wasn’t D there hasn’t been

8.4 three kilometres from our house to the city centre. 40A It’s B It has C � ere is D � ere are

8.5 true that you’re going away? 40A Is there B Is it C Is D Are you

Verbos auxiliares

9.1 I haven’t got a car, but my sister . 41A have B is C has D hasn’t E has got

9.2 I don’t like hot weather, but Sue . 41A does B doesn’t C do D does like E likes

9.3 ‘Nicola got married last week.’ ‘ Really?’ 42A Is she? B Got she? C Did she? D Has she?

9.4 You haven’t met my mother, ? 42A haven’t you B have you C did you D you have E you haven’t

9.5 Ben doesn’t watch TV. He doesn’t read newspapers . 43A too B either C neither D never

9.6 ‘I’d like to go to Australia.’ ‘ ’ 43A So do I. B So am I. C So would I. D Neither do I. E So I would.

9.7 Sue much at weekends. 44A don’t B doesn’t C don’t do D doesn’t do

Guía para el estudio

264

SI NO SABES CUÁL ES CORRECTA ESTUDIA UNIDAD

3.10 Where on Sunday afternoon? I couldn’t i nd you. 21A you were B you have been C was you D have you been E were you

Voz pasiva

4.1 � is house 100 years ago. 22, 24A is built B is building C was building D was built E built

4.2 We to the party last week. 22, 24A didn’t invite B didn’t invited C weren’t invited D wasn’t invited E haven’t been invited

4.3 ‘Where born? ’ ‘In Cairo.’ 22A you are B you were C was you D are you E were you

4.4 My car is at the garage. It . 23A is being repaired B is repairing C have been repaired D repaired E repairs

4.5 I can’t i nd my keys. I think . 23A they’ve been stolen B they are stolen C they’ve stolen D they’re being stolen

Formas verbales

5.1 It , so we didn’t need an umbrella. 24A wasn’t rained B wasn’t rain C didn’t raining D wasn’t raining

5.2 Somebody this window. 25A has broke B has broken C has breaked D has break

Futuro

6.1 Andrew tennis tomorrow. 26A is playing B play C plays D is play

6.2 out tonight? 26A Are you going B Are you go C Do you go D Go you E Do you going

6.3 ‘What time is the concert tonight?’ ‘It at 7.30.’ 26A is start B is starting C starts D start E starting

6.4 What to the wedding next week? 27A are you wearing B are you going to wear C do you wear D you are going to wear

6.5 I think Kelly the exam. 28A passes B will pass C will be pass D will passing

6.6 to the cinema on Saturday. Do you want to come with us? 28A We go B We’ll go C We’re going D We will going

6.7 ‘ you tomorrow, OK? ’ ‘OK, bye.’ 29A I phone B I phoning C I’m phoning D I’ll phone

6.8 tomorrow, so I can’t meet you. 29A I work B I’ll work C I’m working D I’ll working

6.9 It’s a nice day. for a walk? 29A Do we go B Shall we go C Are we go D We go E Go we

Verbos modales, imperativo etc.

7.1 to the cinema this evening, but I’m not sure. 30A I’ll go B I’m going C I may go D I might go

7.2 ‘ here?’ ‘Yes, of course.’ 30, 31A Can I sit B Do I sit C May I sit D Can I to sit

7.3 I’m having a party next week, but Paul and Rachel . 31A can’t come B can’t to come C can’t coming D couldn’t come

A los estudiantes (que trabajen sin ayuda de profesor)

Guía para el estudio (páginas 262–271)

Si no sabes con

seguridad qué

unidades

necesitas estudiar,

usa la Guía para el

estudio que

aparece al inal del libro.

Essential Grammar in Use, Cuarta edición

en español es un libro de gramática inglesa de nivel elemental. Consta de 115 unidades que abordan distintos puntos gramaticales. Las unidades aparecen en una lista al principio del libro (Indice general).

No estudies todas las unidades en el orden en que aparecen. Es mejor que selecciones las unidades que necesites. Por ejemplo, si tienes diicultades con el uso del present perfect (have done/

have been etc.), estudia las unidades 16–21.

Estudia el Indice general o el Indice

analítico (que aparece al inal del libro) para buscar la unidad o las unidades apropiadas.

Índice general

Agradecimientos vii

A los estudiantes viii

A los profesores x

eBook interactivo xi

El presente

1 am/is/are (afi rmación y negación)

2 am/is/are (interrogación)

3 I’m hungry / It’s cold etc.

4 I am doing (present continuous)

5 are you doing? (present continuous, interrogación)

6 I do/work/like etc. (present simple, afi rmación)

7 I don’t … (present simple, negación)

8 Do you … ? (present simple, interrogación)

9 I am doing (present continuous) y I do (present simple)

10 I have … y I’ve got …

El pasado

11 was/were 12 worked/got/went etc. (past simple)

13 I didn’t … Did you … ? (past simple, negación e interrogación)

14 I was doing (past continuous)

15 I was doing (past continuous) y I did (past simple)

Present perfect

16 I have done (present perfect 1)

17 I’ve just … I’ve already … I haven’t … yet (present perfect 2)

18 Have you ever … ? (present perfect 3)

19 How long have you … ? (present perfect 4)

20 for since ago 21 I have done (present perfect) y I did (past simple)

La voz pasiva

22 is done was done (voz pasiva 1)

23 is being done has been done (voz pasiva 2)

Formas verbales

Índice analíticoa/an 66, 67

a y some 69–70about 111Eabove 109Eacross 110activa y pasiva, voces Apéndice 1adjetivos 86adjetivos y adverbios (quick/quickly) 87comparativos (older / more expensive) 88–90

superlativos (the oldest / the most expensive) 91get + adjetivo (get tired etc.) 57Badjetivos/determinantes posesivos (my/your/her etc.) 61–63something/anybody etc. + adjetivo 80Cadjetivo + preposición (good at etc.) 112adverbios 87

orden de las palabras (always/usually/often etc.) 95advise (advise somebody to …) 54Bafraid (afraid of …) 3A, 11B, 112Aafter 99, 105

ago 20Ball

all y every etc. 81all (of ) 82orden de las palabras 95along 110

already 96Calready + 17Borden de las palabras 95also (orden de las palabras) 95always

always + 6Corden de las palabras 95am/is/are 1–3am/is/are + -ing ( ) 4–5, 24A, 27, 52Dthere is/there are 38an ver a

and 98angry (with/about) 112Aanother 66Aany

any y some 77not + any 78any y no 78

auxiliares ver verbos auxiliaresaway run away / throw away etc. ( ) 114, Apéndice 7back come back / give back etc. ( ) 114–115, Apéndice 7bad (bad at …) 112Abe (infi nitivo de am/is/are)am/is/are 1–3am/is/are + -ing ( ) 4–5, 14A, 24A, 27, 52Dwas/were 11

was/were + -ing ( ) 14, 24A–B, 52Dhave/has been ( ) 16–19voz pasiva 22–23, Apéndice 1will be 28

because 98been

have/has been ( ) 16–19been y gone 18Cthere has/have been 39Bbefore 99, 105

begin (begin to … o begin -ing) 53Cbehind 109Abelow 109Ebeside 109Abest 91Bbetter 88Dbetween 109Abit (a bit older / a bit bigger etc.) 89Dborn 22Cboth 83

orden de las palabras 95but 98by 111C

by detrás de la voz pasiva (I was bitten by a dog) 22Dby myself / by yourself etc. 64Cby (= al lado de, cerca de) 109C

can/can’t 31caso posesivo 65, Apéndice 4.5comparativos (older / more expensive etc.) 88-90

condicional (if …) 99–100If I do … 99If I did … 100

directo e indirecto, estiloHe said that … / He told me that … 51He told me to … 54Bdo/does 58don’t/doesn’t en la negación 7, 24D, 41C, 44B, 52Bdo/does en la interrogación 8, 24D, 41C, 45B, 52B

do y make 58down 110

sit down / put down etc. ( ) 114–115, Apéndices 6–7during 105

each other 64Dearly 87Ceither

either y too 43Aeither (of ) 83

enjoyenjoy -ing 53Benjoy myself/yourself etc. 64Aenough 92enough y too 93D

estilo indirecto ver directo e indirecto, estiloeverHave you ever … ? 18superlativo + ever 91Eorden de las palabras 95every 81

everybody/everyone/everything/everywhere 81Cexclamaciones (What a …!) 67Aexpect (somebody to …) 54B

famous (famous for …) 112AfarHow far is it? 40A, 48Dfar → further 88B

fast 87Cfed up (fed up with …) 112Afew/a few 85fi nish (fi nish -ing) 53Bforfor ten minutes / for three years etc. 20, 104D


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ix

235

Apéndice 3Verbos irregulares en grupos

y participio pasado iguales:

1

2

3

4

y participio pasado diferentes:

cost

cut

hit

hurt

→

→

→

→

costcuthithurt

1break

choose

speak

steal

wake

→

→

→

→

→

broke brokenchose chosenspoke spokenstole stolenwoke woken

3eat

fall

forget

give

see

take

→

→

→

→

→

→

ate eatenfell fallenforgot forgottengave givensaw seentook taken

4blow

grow

know

throw

fl y

draw

show

→

→

→

→

→

→

→

blew blowngrew grownknew knownthrew thrownfl ew fl own

drew drawn

showed shown

5begin

drink

swim

ring

sing

run

→

→

→

→

→

→

began begun

drank drunk

swam swum

rang rung

sang sung

ran run

6come

become

→

→

came come

became become

2drive

ride

rise

write

→

→

→

→

drove driven

rode ridden

rose risen

wrote written

beat

bite

hide

→

→

→

beat beaten

bit bitten

hid hidden

lend

send

spend

build

→

→

→

→

lent

sent

spent

built

bring

buy

fi ght

think

catch

teach

→

→

→

→

→

→

brought

bought

fought

thought

caught

taught

sell

tell

→

→

sold

told

fi nd

have

hear

hold

read

say

→

→

→

→

→

→

found

had

heard

held

read

said

pay

make

→

→

paid

made

stand

understand

→

→

stood

understood

burn

learn

smell

→

→

→

burnt

learnt

smelt

feel

leave

meet

dream

mean

→

→

→

→

→

felt

left

met

dreamt

meant

let

put

shut

→

→

→

let

put

shut

lose

shoot

get

light

sit

→

→

→

→

→

lost

shot

got

lit

sat

keep

sleep

→

→

kept

slept

234

infi nitivo past simpleparticipio

pasado

be (ser/estar) was/were beenbeat (batir) beat beatenbecome (volverse) became becomebegin (empezar) began begunbite (morder) bit bittenblow (soplar) blew blownbreak (romper) broke brokenbring (traer) brought broughtbuild (construir) built builtbuy (comprar) bought boughtcatch (coger) caught caughtchoose (escoger) chose chosencome (venir) came comecost (costar) cost costcut (cortar) cut cutdo (hacer) did donedraw (dibujar) drew drawndrink (beber) drank drunkdrive (conducir) drove driveneat (comer) ate eatenfall (caer) fell fallenfeel (sentir) felt felti ght (luchar) fought foughti nd (encontrar) found foundfl y (volar) fl ew fl own

forget (olvidar) forgot forgotten

get (→ Unidad 57) got got

give (dar) gave given

go (ir) went gone

grow (crecer) grew grown

hang (colgar) hung hung

have (tener) had had

hear (oír) heard heard

hide (esconder) hid hidden

hit (golpear) hit hit

hold (sujetar) held held

hurt (herir) hurt hurt

keep (mantener) kept kept

know (saber/conocer) knew known

leave (dejar/irse) left left

lend (prestar) lent lent

infi nitivo past simpleparticipio

pasado

let (dejar/permitir) let let

lie (tumbarse) lay lain

light (encender) lit lit

lose (perder) lost lost

make (hacer) made made

mean (signifi car) meant meant

meet (encontrar) met met

pay (pagar) paid paid

put (poner) put put

read (leer) (reed)* read (red)* read (red)*

ride (montar) rode ridden

ring (sonar/telefonear) rang rung

rise (levantar) rose risen

run (correr) ran run

say (decir) said said

see (ver) saw seen

sell (vender) sold sold

send (enviar) sent sent

shine (brillar) shone shone

shoot (disparar) shot shot

show (mostrar) showed shown

shut (cerrar) shut shut

sing (cantar) sang sung

sit (sentarse) sat sat

sleep (dormir) slept slept

speak (hablar) spoke spoken

spend (gastar/pasar) spent spent

stand (estar de pie) stood stood

steal (robar) stole stolen

swim (nadar) swam swum

take (tomar/llevar) took taken

teach (enseñar) taught taught

tear (rasgar) tore torn

tell (decir) told told

think (pensar) thought thought

throw (tirar) threw thrown

understand (entender) understood understood

wake (despertar) woke woken

wear (llevar puesto) wore worn

win (ganar) won won

write (escribir) wrote written

Estos verbos pueden ser regulares (-ed) o irregulares (-t):

infi nitivo

burn

dream

past simple / participio pasado

burned o burnt

dreamed o dreamt

infi nitivo

learn

smell

past simple / participio pasado

learned o learnt

smelled o smelt

* pronunciación

Apéndice 2Lista de verbos irregulares (→ Unidad 25)

247

Ejercicios complementarios

was/were y (I worked / did you work? etc.) Unidades 11–13

10 Completa las frases usando sólo una palabra.

1 I got up early and had a shower.

2 Tom was tired last night, so he to bed early.

3 I this key on the fl oor. Is it yours?

4 Kate got married when she 23.

5 Helen is learning to drive. She her fi rst lesson yesterday.

6 ‘I’ve got a new job.’ ‘Yes, I know. David me.’

7 ‘Where did you buy that book?’ ‘It was a present. Amy it to me.’

8 We hungry, so we had something to eat.

9 ‘Did you enjoy the fi lm?’ ‘Yes, I it was very good.’

10 ‘Did Andy come to your party?’ ‘No, we him, but he didn’t come.’

11 Observa las preguntas y las respuestas de Joe. Escribe frases sobre Joe cuando era pequeño.

When you were a child …

Were you tall? No. 1 He wasn’t tall.

Did you like school? Yes. 2 He liked school.

Were you good at sport? Yes. 3 He

Did you play football? Yes. 4

Did you work hard at school? No. 5

Did you have a lot of friends? Yes. 6

Did you have a bike? No. 7

Were you a quiet child? No. 8

12 Completa las preguntas.

1 Did you have a nice holiday? Yes, it was great, thanks.

2 Where did you go ? To Amsterdam.

3 there? Five days.

4 Amsterdam? Yes, very much.

5 ? I have friends in Amsterdam, so I stayed with them.

6 good? Yes, it was warm and sunny.

7 back? Yesterday.

13 Pon el verbo en la forma correcta (afi rmativa, negativa o interrogativa).

1 It was a good party. I enjoyed it. (I / enjoy)

2 ‘ Did you do the shopping?’ (you / do) ‘No, I I didn’t have time.’ (I / have)

3 ‘Did you phone Adam?’ ‘No, I’m afraid .’ (I / forget)

4 I like your new watch. Where it? (you / get)

5 I saw Lucy at the party, but to her. (I / speak)

6 : a nice weekend? (you / have) : Yes, I went to stay with some friends of mine.7 Paul wasn’t well yesterday, so to work. (he / go)8 ‘Is Mary here?’ ‘Yes, fi ve minutes ago.’ (she / arrive)

9 Where before he moved here? (Robert / live)

10 � e restaurant wasn’t expensive. very much. (the meal / cost)

Joe

246

Ejercicios complementarios

(I’m working) y (I work) Unidades 4–9

8 Completa las frases.

9 Selecciona las expresiones correctas.

1 ‘ Are you speaking / Do you speak English?’ ‘Yes, a little.’ (Do you speak es la forma correcta)

2 Sometimes we’re going / we go away at weekends.

3 It’s a nice day today. � e sun is shining / shines.

4 (You meet Kate in the street.) Hello, Kate. Where are you going / do you go?

5 How often are you going / do you go on holiday?

6 Emily is a writer. She’s writing / She writes books for children.

7 I’m never reading / I never read newspapers.

8 ‘Where are Mark and Laura?’ ‘� ey’re watching / � ey watch TV in the living room.’

9 Helen is in her offi ce. She’s talking / She talks to somebody.

10 What time are you usually having / do you usually have dinner?

11 Joe isn’t at home at the moment. He’s visiting / He visits some friends.

12 ‘Would you like some tea?’ ‘No, thank you. I’m not drinking / I don’t drink tea.’

7

2

5

3

6

98

4

Please be quiet.I’m working (I/work).

Do you often go (you/often/go) to the

cinema?

What (you/cook)?

Jack (play) the piano very well.

(I/go) now. Goodbye!

(it/rain). Can I take this umbrella?

(I/not/watch) TV very much.

What’s this word? How

(you/pronounce) it?

1

Excuse me, (we/look) for

the museum.

Información Ejercicios

También hay unos Ejercicios

complementarios detrás de los

Apéndices (páginas 243–261)

que aparecen relacionados en la

página 243.

No olvides los ocho Apéndices al final

del libro (páginas 233–242). Te darán

información sobre la voz activa y la

voz pasiva, los verbos irregulares, las

contracciones, la ortografía, algunas

locuciones verbales (phrasal verbs)

y el uso de los cuantificadores.

Cada unidad tiene dos

páginas. La izquierda

contiene información y

la derecha ejercicios.

Estudia la página de la

izquierda y luego haz los

ejercicios de la página de

la derecha.

Verifica tus respuestas con ayuda de las Soluciones.

Las Soluciones a los ejercicios aparecen en las páginas

272–298.

Si es necesario, estudia nuevamente la página de la

izquierda.

Unidad

4Ejercicios4.1 ¿Qué están haciendo estas personas? Completa las frases usando los verbos siguientes:

eat have lie play sit wait

9

1 She’s eating an apple. 4 on the fl oor.

2 He for a bus. 5 breakfast.

3 � ey football. 6 on the table.

4.2 Completa las frases usando uno de estos verbos:

build cook go have stand stay swim work

1 Please be quiet. I .2 ‘Where’s John?’ ‘He’s in the kitchen. He .’3 ‘You on my foot.’ ‘Oh, I’m sorry.’4 Look! Somebody in the river.5 We’re here on holiday. We at the Central Hotel.6 ‘Where’s Sue?’ ‘She a shower.’7 � ey a new hotel in the city centre at the moment.8 I now. Goodbye.

4.3 Observa el dibujo y escribe frases sobre Jane usando She’s -ing o She isn’t -ing.

1 (have dinner) 2 (watch TV) 3 (sit on the fl oor) She

4 (read a book)

5 (play the piano)

6 (laugh)

7 (wear a hat)

8 (drink coff ee)

4.4 ¿Qué ocurre en este momento? Escribe frases verdaderas.

1 (I / wash / my hair)

2 (it / snow) o 3 (I / sit / on a chair)

4 (I / eat)

5 (it / rain)

6 (I / learn / English)

7 (I / listen / to music)

8 (the sun / shine)

9 (I / wear / shoes)

10 (I / read / a newspaper)

4.5 Traduce al inglés.

1 Pablo está sentado en el sofá y Sandra 5 Apaga la televisión. No la estás viendo.

está de pie. 6 Ana está tumbada en la cama.

2 Llueve mucho ahora. 7 Laura no está de pie. Está sentada allí.

3 Hoy mi hermana lleva una blusa y 8 Paul está nadando en la piscina.

vaqueros. 9 Lisa está escribiendo la lista de la compra.

4 Javier está leyendo un libro.

vaqueros = jeans

apagar = turn off

en la cama = in bed

piscina = swimming

pool

lista de la compra =

shopping list

1 2 3 4 5 6

’m working

Jane isn’t having dinner.

I’m not washing my hair.It’s snowing. It isn’t snowing.

She’s watching TV.

Jane

Unidad

A

B

8

I am doing (present continuous)4

She’s eating. It’s raining. � ey’re running.

She isn’t reading. � e sun isn’t shining. � ey aren’t walking.

I’m eating. We’re running.

El se forma así:

am/is/are + doing/eating/running/writing etc.

I am (not)

–ing

I’m working. I’m not watching TV.

Maria is reading a newspaper.

She isn’t eating. (o She’s not eating.)

� e bus is coming.

We’re having dinner.

You’re not listening to me. (o You aren’t listening …)

� e children are doing their homework.

he

she

it

is (not)

we

you

theyare (not)

El expresa un hecho o una acción en curso:

I’m working/playing/eating etc. equivalen a ‘estoy trabajando/jugando/comiendo’ etc., pero en español

también se usa a veces con el mismo valor el presente de indicativo (trabajo/juego/como):

Please be quiet. I’m working. … Estoy trabajando.

Look, there’s Sarah! She’s wearing a brown coat. … lleva puesto …

� e weather is nice. It’s not raining. … No llueve. / No está lloviendo.

‘Where are the children?’ ‘� ey’re playing in the park.’ … juegan / están jugando …

(al teléfono) We’re having dinner now. Can I call you later? … estamos cenando …

You can turn off the television. I’m not watching it. … No la veo / estoy viendo.

Diferencias entre el inglés y el español:

� ey are sitting on the sofa. Están sentados en el sofá.

She’s standing by the window. Está de pie junto a la ventana.

Brian’s lying in the sun. Brian está tumbado al sol.

(→ Apéndice 5):

come → coming write → writing dance → dancingrun → running sit → sitting swim → swimming

lie → lying

I’m workingshe’s wearing a hat

they’re playing football

I’m not watching TV

pasado ahora futuro

am/is/are ➜ Unidad 1 are you doing? ( , interrogación) ➜ Unidad 5 I am doing ( ) y I do ( ) ➜ Unidad 9 What are you doing tomorrow? (presente con signifi cado futuro) ➜ Unidad 26

Soluciones a los ejercicios

UNIDAD 1

1.12 they’re3 it isn’t / it’s not4 that’s5 I’m not6 you aren’t / you’re not1.22 ’m/am 6 are3 is 7 is … are4 are 8 ’m/am … is5 ’s/is

1.32 I’m not / I am not3 He’s / He is / He isn’t / He’s not4 they’re / they a

11 My sister isn’t / is not very happy today. She’s / She is sad.12 My house is old but it’s big and it’s in the centre.

UNIDAD 2

2.12 F 6 E3 H 7 B4 C 8 I5 A 9 D2.23 Is your job interesting?4 Are the shops open today?5 Where are you from?

3.23 Is it4 He’s / He is5 I’m / I am o it’s / it is6 Is she7 they’re / they are8 Are you9 I’m / I am o It’s / it is

10 is he11 It’s / It is … It’s / It is3.32 I’m / I am hungry. o I’m not / I am not hungry.3 I’m / I am in a hurry. o I’m not /I am not in a hur

En muchos ejercicios se pueden usar las formas completas del verbo (I am, it is, she will, he has etc.) o las contracciones (I’m, it’s, she’ll,

he’s etc.). En el Apéndice 4 encontrarás las contracciones. Algunos ejercicios pueden tener más de una respuesta correcta (aparecerán

señalados como ‘modelo de respuesta’) y las traducciones pueden no coincidir exactamente con las que tú hagas. En caso de duda,

consulta con tu profesor o profesora.


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x

Las características generales más importantes de este libro son:

es un libro de gramática. No se ocupa de otros aspectos de la lengua inglesa.

va dirigido a estudiantes de nivel elemental y no aborda cuestiones de gramática que normalmente no se aprenden

o enseñan en este nivel.

es a la vez un libro de consulta y de ejercicios. No es un libro de texto y no está organizado de un modo progresivo.

utiliza el español en las explicaciones y como referencia contrastiva entre las dos lenguas.

se dirige a los estudiantes y está concebido para el estudio individual.

Organización del libro

El libro consta de 115 unidades sobre distintos aspectos gramaticales. El material se organiza a partir de categorías

gramaticales (tiempos verbales, formas interrogativas, artículos, etc.). Las unidades no están ordenadas según criterios

de dificultad y, por tanto, deben usarse de acuerdo con las necesidades de los estudiantes: no aconsejamos seguir

estrictamente el orden en que aparecen. Las secciones Indice general e Indice analítico facilitan la consulta.

Cada unidad consta de dos páginas: en la izquierda aparecen las explicaciones con ejemplos y observaciones

contrastivas, en la derecha se encuentran los ejercicios correspondientes. Hay ocho Apéndices (páginas 233–242)

dedicados a voz activa y voz pasiva, verbos irregulares, contracciones, ortografía, locuciones verbales (phrasal verbs)

y cuantificadores. Puede ser conveniente dirigir la atención de los estudiantes a esta sección.

Al final del libro hay una serie de ejercicios complementarios (páginas 243 – 261). Estos ejercicios proporcionan práctica

globalizada al unir puntos gramaticales tratados en diferentes unidades (especialmente los relacionados con formas

verbales). Hay 35 ejercicios en esta sección con un índice en la página.

También al final del libro hay una Guía para el estudio que será de ayuda para que los estudiantes decidan qué unidades

han de estudiar – véase la página 262.

Finalmente, las Soluciones (páginas 272–298) permiten a los estudiantes comprobar sus respuestas a todos los ejercicios

del libro.

Nivel

El libro es para estudiantes de nivel elemental, es decir, estudiantes con escaso conocimiento del inglés, aunque no

principiantes absolutos. Se dirige principalmente a los estudiantes de nivel elemental que hayan superado los estadios

iniciales de un curso para principiantes. También se podría usar por estudiantes de nivel intermedio bajo cuya gramática

sea más floja que otros aspectos de su inglés o que tengan problemas con áreas concretas de gramática básica.

Las explicaciones van dirigidas al estudiante de nivel elemental y por eso son tan sencillas y breves como es posible. El

vocabulario que se usa en los ejemplos y en los ejercicios también se ha restringido para que el libro pueda usarse en

este nivel.

Uso del libro

Se puede usar para el estudio individual (véase A los estudiantes), o como material complementario. En ambos casos

puede servir como libro de consulta de gramática elemental.

Si se usa en clase, puede servir para actividades de refuerzo o bien para repaso y recuperación. Se puede usar con toda

la clase o sólo con los estudiantes que necesiten apoyo o práctica adicionales.

A veces será conveniente usar en clase la página izquierda (presentación y explicación), aunque ha sido concebida para

estudio y consulta individual. En la mayor parte de los casos será mejor que el profesor o la profesora presente el punto

gramatical del modo que considere oportuno y los estudiantes realicen los ejercicios en casa, con la página izquierda

como referencia.

Habrá profesores y profesoras que prefieran usar el libro para actividades de revisión y recuperación. En tal caso se

orientará el trabajo individual o en grupo hacia la unidad o unidades apropiadas.

Al final de cada unidad hay un ejercicio de traducción basado en diferencias formales entre el inglés y el español. Se

facilita la traducción de algunas palabras o expresiones cuando se supone que los estudiantes pueden desconocerlas

o para evitar errores que no se relacionen con el punto gramatical que aborda la unidad (por ejemplo, la traducción

‘en barco = by boat’ aparece en una unidad que trata del present perfect). Estas traducciones se refieren únicamente al

contexto del ejercicio concreto. Así, por ejemplo, la traducción de ‘las arañas’ en el ejercicio 3.4.7 aparece como spiders

(y no como the spiders).

Este libro se ha elaborado considerando posibles dificultades gramaticales contrastando el inglés y el castellano, por

lo que puede ser útil para cualquier usuario de esta lengua como materna. El término ‘español’ se refiere al castellano

como se usa normalmente en España.

A los profesores


www.cambridge.org



Versión eBook interactivo

Se puede comprar este libro sin o con la versión eBook. El eBook contiene las mismas explicaciones y los mismos

ejercicios que la versión impresa pero en inglés. Es un complemento ideal para la versión en castellano y un recurso

perfecto para estudiar gramática en cualquier momento y en cualquier lugar.

Cómo conseguir tu eBook

Seguir la instrucciones en la portada interior de este libro.

guardar respuestas

marcar páginas

tomar apuntes

usar el diccionario

escuchar ejemplos

resaltar texto

Uso del eBook

Se puede usar el eBook en iPad, Android, PC o Mac.

Usando el eBook, se puede:

already/yet + present perfect ➜ Unit 16 word order (still/already) ➜ Unit 94 already word order ( already

Unit

A

B

C that’s = that is there’s = there is here’s = here is

� ank you. � at’s very kind of you.

Look! � ere’s Chris.

‘Here’s your key.’ ‘� ank you.’

positive negative

I am (I’m) I am not (I’m not)

he

she

it

is(he’s)

(she’s)

(it’s)

he

she

it

is not(he’s not or he isn’t)

(she’s not or she isn’t)

(it’s not or it isn’t)

we

you

they

are(we’re)

(you’re)

(they’re)

we

you

they

are not(we’re not or we aren’t)

(you’re not or you aren’t)

(they’re not or they aren’t)

short form short forms

I’m cold. Can you close the window, please?

I’m 32 years old. My sister is 29.

Steve is ill. He’s in bed.

My brother is scared of dogs.

It’s ten o’clock. You’re late again.

Ann and I are good friends.

Your keys are on the table.

I’m tired, but I’m not hungry.

Lisa isn’t interested in politics. She’s interested in art.

James isn’t a teacher. He’s a student.

� ose people aren’t English. � ey’re Australian.

It’s sunny today, but it isn’t warm.

am/is/are1

am/is/are (questions) ➜ Unit 2 there is/are ➜ Unit 37 a/an ➜ Unit 65 short forms ➜ Appendix 4

I’m 22.

My father is a doctor and my mother is a journalist.

I’m a student.

My name is Lisa.

I’m American. I’m from Chicago.

My favourite colour is blue.

I’m not interested in politics.

I’m interested in art.

My favourite sports are football and swimming.

Here’s your key.

Thank you.

I’m scared of dogs.

Unit 1 Exercise 5

Write sentences for the pictures. Use:

angry cold hot hungry scared thirsty

1

2

3

4

5

6

1

2 � ey

They’re / They are cold.

3 He

He’s / He is hot.

4

He’s / He is scared.

5

They’re / They are hungry.

6

She’s / She is angry.

Unit 1 Exercise 5

Write sentences for the pictures. Use:

angry cold hot hungry scared thirsty

1

2

3

4

5

6

1

2 � ey

They’re / They are cold.

3 He

He’s / He is hot.

4

He’s / He is scared.

5

They’re / They are hungry.

6

She’s / She is angry.


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