in-stream habitat survey. modified from odfw entory/methods.html quantitative method for assessing...
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In-Stream Habitat Survey
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In-Stream Habitat Survey
Modified from ODFW http://oregonstate.edu/Dept/ODFW/freshwater/
inventory/methods.html Quantitative method for assessing habitat for
fish 2 steps to survey:
Data collection Summary
Measurements are made at the “unit type” level
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Habitat Units~~~~~~
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1
2
3
Unit Number
Unit Type
1 R
2 P
3 G
Unit Number Sequential # starting
downstream
Unit Type Riffle, glide, or pool
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Unit Types – Riffle
RI Riffle: Fast, turbulent, shallow flow over gravel or cobble substrate.
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Unit Types – Riffle
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Unit Types – Glide
GL Glide: Fairly uniform depth and flow with no surface turbulence.
Deeper than riffle, but not deep enough to be a pool.
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Unit Types – Glide
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Unit Types – Pool
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Unit Measurements
Length Width and Depth
Wetted Surface Active Channel
Depth at Pool Tail Crest (pools only) Channel Shade (left and right side) Percent Actively Eroding Bank Percent Undercut Bank
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Pool Tail Crest
Place where water leaks out of pool (measure at deepest spot)
Measure for POOL units only
Max Depth
PTC Depth
FLOW
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Shade
Measure using clinometer
90°80°
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Substrate
Percent (within each unit) Silt/Organics Sand Gravel Cobble Boulder Bedrock
Large Boulder Count (>1.5 ft diameter)
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Substrate Fine Sediments Coarse sediments Solid
Clay Silt Sand Gravel Cobble Boulder Bedrock
0.002 mm 0.05 mm 2 mm 6 cm 25 cm (0.25 in.) (2.5 in.) (10 in.) pea tennis ball bowling ball
1 2
3
Determining intermediate axis: 1 = Longest Axis (Length) 2 = Intermediate Axis (Width) 3 = Shortest Axis (Thickness)
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Large Boulders
Large boulders create “pocket water”
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Large Woody Debris
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Large Woody Debris
LWD Type Diameter Length
Root Wad >6” -
Small >6” >10’
Medium >12” >20’
Large >20” >35’
Must be DEAD
Overhanging or in channel
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Diameter = Circumference (approx. 3.14)
Diameter
Circumference
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Habitat Summary
Why did we take all those measurements?
The Summary allows us to see whether our stream has desirable habitat for fish
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Percent Pool Area
Percent Pool Area = Pool Area/Reach Area Pool Area = Length x Width for pool units Reach Area = Length x Width for ALL units
Pool PoolRiffle
Percent of stream area which is pool
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Percent Pool Area
Pool Area = (10 x 10) + (10 x 10) = 200 Reach Area = (5 x 20) + 200 = 300 Percent Pool Area = 200/300 = 67%
Pool
W = 10’ L = 10’
Riffle
W = 5’, L = 20’
Pool
W = 10’ L = 10’
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Percent Pool Area
Percent Pool Area = 200/300 = 67%
Habitat Benchmarks
Undesirable Between Desirable
Pool Area (%)
< 10 10-35 > 35
67% > 35%, so Pool Area = Desirable
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Pool Frequency
Pool Frequency = Distance Between Pools / Channel Width Channel Width = Average width for all units
between pools
Pool PoolRiffle
Length/Width = distance btwn pools relative to stream width
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Pool Frequency
Pool Frequency = Distance Between Pools / Channel Width
Pool Frequency = 20 / 5 = 4
Pool PoolRiffle
W = 5’, L = 20’
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Pool Frequency
Pool Frequency = 20 / 5 = 4
Habitat Benchmarks
Undesirable Between Desirable
Pool Frequency
> 20 9 - 20 < 8
4 < 8, so Pool Frequency = Desirable
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Residual Pool Depth
Residual Pool Depth = Max Depth – Pool Tail Crest Depth Important for low to no flow conditions
Max Depth
PTC Depth
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Residual Pool Depth
Residual Pool Depth = Max Depth – Pool Tail Crest Depth
Example: Pool Depth = 3’ Pool Tail Crest = 1’ Residual Pool Depth = 2’
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Residual Pool Depth
Habitat Benchmarks
Undesirable Between Desirable
Small Streams (<23 feet wide)
< 0.5 0.5 – 1.5 > 1.5
2’ > 1.5’ , so Residual Pool Depth = Desirable
Residual Pool Depth = 2’
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Habitat Summary – Riffles
Width to Depth RatioPercent GravelPercent Sand-Silt-Organics
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Riffle – Width to Depth
Width / Depth = 5 / 0.5 = 10
Pool PoolRiffle
W = 5’, D = 0.5’
Habitat Benchmarks
Undesirable Between Desirable
Width to Depth
> 30 15 - 30 < 15
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Riffle – % Gravel
If % Gravel = 25%, Rating is Between
Habitat Benchmarks
Undes Btwn Desir
Percent Gravel
< 15 15 - 35 > 35
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Riffle – % Sand-Silt-Organics
If % Sand-Silt-Organics = 10%, Rating is Between
Habitat Benchmarks
Undes Btwn Desir
Percent Sand-Silt-Organics
> 15 8 - 15 < 8
Values for streams with Volcanic Parent Material
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Habitat Summary - LWD
Number of Pieces / 300’ Stream Reach Large LWD Pieces / 300’ Stream Reach
>20” Diameter and 35’ Length
Habitat Benchmarks
Undesirable Between Desirable
Number of Pieces < 10 10 – 20 > 20
Large Pieces < 1 1 – 3 > 3
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Habitat Summary
90°80°
Shade (average for entire reach) Left + Right Bank Shade (degrees) / 180 Final Shade in %
90° + 80° = 170° 170 / 180 = 94%
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Habitat BenchmarksSHADE (REACH AVERAGE %) U B D
Stream Width <40 feet
West Side <60 60 – 70 >70
Northeast <50 50 – 60 >60
Central-Southeast <40 40 – 50 >50
Stream Width >40 feet
West Side <50 50 – 60 >60
Northeast <40 40 – 50 >50
Central-Southeast <30 30 – 40 >40
94% > 70%