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In situ componentSPACE COMPONENT

International Collaborations & Observing Systems

PhysicalBiogeochemical, ecological

Virtual Constellations

Hans BonekampEuropean Organisation for the Exploitation

of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT)

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WHO questions

European ORGANISATION for the EXPLOITATIONof Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT).

Or

Who is organised? The users. (MET services)Who is exploiting the satellites? The users.

EUMETSAT is doing (with partners) user-driven satellite programmes EUMETSAT is doing more and more oceanography

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Observational network design

The fundamental and most difficult issues in discussion of observations of any kind are all related to the two questions:

1. What is one trying to observe?

2. How well does it have to be done?

A consequent, but less fundamental, third question is:

3. What is the current capability and in what ways does it remain inadequate?

Carl Wunsch Observational

Network Design For Climate OceanObs 2009.

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Virtual Constellation

Virtual: Existing or resulting in essence or effect though not in actual fact, form, or name

Constellation: a group or configuration of ideas, feelings, characteristics, objects, etc., that are related in some way.

1. Striking realism in it.2. Is International Collaboration3. Is Captured programmatically

(CEOS)

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Virtual Constellations: Outline

0. Prelude

1. CEOS for Oceans (and related with CGMS) 2. Some highlights of the individual Virtual Constellation Individual VC Schedules

3. EU/ESA/EUMETSAT satellite mission highlights

- Sentinel-3- Sentinel 6 (Jason Continuity of Service)

S3VT/MPC

Prelude

6

CEOS: Committee on Earth Observation Satelliteshttp://www.ceos.org/

7

WMO / CGMS : Ocean Considerations

• Several coordination areas are well catered for outside CGMS, in particular by CEOS Virtual Constellations

• Encourage the CEOS Virtual Constellations to submit papers to CGMS on relevant operational matters with appropriate recommendations to CGMS

• Strengthen the link to JCOMM, in particular the Cross Cutting Task team on Satellite Data Requirements.

• Ocean is considered explicitly in climate activities and handled by the CEOS-CGMS Joint Working Group, and the increased capabilities of the next generation GEO satellites for ocean applications will also be addressed in this context.

CGMS-42 meeting, 19-23 May 2014, Guangzhou

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CEOS Ocean Virtual Constellations

Sea Surface Temperature:• CEOS SST Virtual Constellation (SST-VC)• Group for High Resolution SST (GHRSST)

Sea Surface Height:• Ocean Surface Topography Virtual Constellation (OST-VC)• Ocean Surface Topography Science Team (OSTST)

Ocean Surface Vector Winds:• Ocean Surface Vector Winds Virtual Constellation (OSVW-VC)• International Ocean Vector Winds Science Team (IOVWST)

Ocean Colour:• CEOS Ocean Colour Radiometry Virtual Constellation (OCR-VC)• International Ocean Colour Coordination Group (IOCCG), IOCS meetings

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Virtual Constellation as Table

GeophysicalVariable

CEOS VirtualConstellation

Single missionRemote SensingScience Team

Multi-missionApplication Science Team

Ocean Surface Topography

OST-VC Saral, SwotS3VT/MPCOSTSTHY2A

OSTSTCOASTALTS3VT

Sea SurfaceTemperature

SST-VC GHRSSTS3VT

Ocean surface vector winds

OSVW-VC ASCAT SAG IOVWST

Ocean ColourRadiometry

OCR-VCIOCCG

S3VT/MPC IOCCG/IOCS S3VT

Salinity - Aquarius STSMOS ST

?

PGGOV?

ST

10

OST-VC: 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15

CRYOSAT-2 EU

HY-2A CN

0201

Jason-2 FR/EU/USA

LaunchDate

OperatingPast Sept 2014

Missions Past-Now

Saral/AltiKa FR/Ind

Jason-1 FR/EU/USA

TOPEX/POSEIDON FR/USA08/92

ENVISAT EU

ERS-2 EU04/95

GEOSAT FO USA02/98

11

OST-VC

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

CRYOSAT-2 EU

Complementary Nadir Missions

Broad-Coverage Mission

HY-2B CN

HY-2A CN

1413

Reference Nadir Missions (Non Sun-Synchronous) Jason-2 FR/EU/USA

LaunchDate

02/13

Operating ProposedDevelopment

Sentinel-3C EU

Sentinel-3B EU

SWOT USA/FR

Jason-CS-A/Sentine-6-A EU/USA

Sentinel-3A EU

Sept 2014

Missions Now-Future

Jason-3 FR/EU/USA

Saral/AltiKa FR/Ind

20/08

JCS-B EU/USA

04/10

Compira JP

Sentinel-3D EU

08/11

HY-2D CN

HY-2C CN

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OST-VC Foci

OST-VC management:Membership /Mailing list / review ToR enhanced cooperation/alignment with other CEOS VCs/WGs

Altimetry SAR mode: (Cryosat-2/sentinel-3/Jason-CS) Development of level 1 productsDevelopment of training

Climate Sea Level Data Record:Continuity of reference altimetryReprocessing (e.g. Topex)

Update Constellation User Requirements Document SAR-Mode altimetrySwath Altimetry

SIT Tech. Workshop 2014CNES, Montpellier, France17th-18th September 2014

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SST-VC Background

• GHRSST formed in 2000 and operating successfully, so no desire to duplicate

• Instead, SST VC created to serve as a bridge between CEOS and the existing Group for High Resolution SST (GHRSST)

• Over 60 GHRSST products, flowing through international data management framework

• SST-VC brings CEOS requirements to GHRSST• For example, WGISS requirements for CWIC/IDN

• GHRSST feeds requirements to space agencies via SST-VC• Scientific developments• Product generation requirements• Constellation requirements (draft paper)

14

Ku-band

Combined C- and Ku-band

C-band

10/06

06/99

Design Life Extended Life Proposed

Operating

Design Life Extended Life

Approved

METOP-A Europe METOP-C Europe

METOP-B Europe Post EPS Europe

QSCAT USA

CFOSAT China/France

RapidSCAT USA

GCOM-W2 Japan/India/USA

Scatt operational series India

Launch 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Meteor-M N3 Russia

Oceansat-3 India

SCATSAT India

Meteor-MP 3 Russia

GCOM-W3 Japan/India/USA

HY-2A China HY-2B China HY-2C China

FY-3E China FY-3G China

Oceansat-2 India

03/04

OSVW-VC ( surface winds)

15

e.g.,

• White Paper describing and justifying the oceanography and climate requirements for an OSVW constellation.

• Local time coverage assessment

Ocean Surface Vector Winds Virtual Constellation (OSVW-VC)

16

Let’s look at the Copernicus Sentinels

The Matrix film Sentinel Sentinel-3

17

Copernicus: Delegation Agreements - work nearly finished

Management ArrangementDelegation A

greement

Del

egat

ion A

gre

emen

t

Nb European Parliament agreed with the EU Copernicus Regulation (Nr. 377/2014 ). Hence Copernicus as a EU program has been established.

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EUMETSAT and the Sentinels

EUMETSAT Direct EUMETSAT User CommunityProgrammatic Engagement : interest/link:

Sentinel-1 - Marine Meteorology, Sea Ice

Sentinel-2 - E.g. marine environment ,

Sentinel-3 Sentinel-3 Marine Mission Oceanography, Marine (Marine Centre) Meteorology, Sea Ice,

Seasonal Forecasting, Climate,

Marine Environment

Sentinel-4 Part of EUMETSAT MTG System Atmospheric Composition (GEO)

Sentinel-5 Part of EUMETSAT EPS-SG System Atmospheric Composition (LEO)

Sentinel-6 Jason Continuity of Service Oceanography, ClimateEUMETSAT Optional Program with Partners (follow-on of Jason-2/3)

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Sentinel–3 Payload Complement

Optical Mission Payload:

• Ocean and Land Color Instrument

(OLCI)

• Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer

(SLSTR)

Topography Mission Payload:

• SAR Altimeter (SRAL)

• MicroWave Radiometer

• Precise Orbit Determination (GNSS Receiver,DORIS

Laser Retro-Reflector)

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• On-line Data Access (ODA)• Rolling archive: last 1 month of data

• Near Real Time: EUMETCast (Multi Mission Element) • Digital Video Broadcast using• commercial telecommunication • satellite services

• low cost, standard VSAT• (Very Small Aperture Terminals)

• 3 hour NRT for Sentinel-3 at the pick-up point

• access to integrated marine data stream: weather, ocean

• Long-term archive (Multi Mission Element) • U-MARF (Unified Meteorological Archive and Retrieval Facility)

• two last baselines of all products

EUMETSAT Sentinel-3 data dissemination: baseline

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Joint ESA/EUMETSAT Sentinel-3 Validation Team

• ESA-EUMETSAT joint call for Sentinel-3 Validation Team (S3VT)• rolling call, continuously open• no funds• 80 teams from Europe and around the globe• over 40 ocean colour teams

• S3VT-1 meeting, 26-29 November 2013, ESA/ESRIN Rome• to consolidate and document S3VT activities prior to launch • to facilitate Phase E1 and Phase E2 Cal/Val planning

• S3VT-2 meeting, 26-29 November 2013, EUMETSAT, Darmstadt• to discuss specific data access needs • to discuss overall Mission Performance Set-up (relation QWG, MPC, satellite commissioning, etc)• “s3vt” on www.eumetsat.int

• http://earth.esa.int/aos/s3vt

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Sentinel-6 : Jason Continuity of Service

2015

Jason-CS(Sentinel-6)2020

Sentinel-6 will be implemented by the multi-partner Jason-CS programme to continue the altimetry services of Jason-1, Jason-2 and Jason-3.

Programme endorsement expected for mid 2015.

23

Long Term Archive (Trends)

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

0.0

10,000.0

20,000.0

30,000.0

40,000.0

50,000.0

60,000.0

Data Centre growth (prognosis) related to missions

MTGS-3 (reprocessed)S-3JasonMetop-AMSGMTP

Volu

me in

Tera

byte

24

Final Remarks/Thoughts

• Virtual constellations as a program they virtual but as missions addressing user needs they are real.

• GOV is Virtual Constellation for the science of Global Operational Ocean Model Suites.

• Let’s remember that GHRSST started as a GODAE project.

• User-driven ocean satellite missions => You are in the driver seat. Hence towards space agencies

Less: “Great that you guys do this for us”More: “You should do this and this!” Carl Wunsch,

OceanObs 2009

Less: user advice more: user requirements

• Support further globalisation

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International Collaborations & Observing Systems

Virtual Constellations!

Thanks