in search of mughal and sultani era in bangladesh: an archaeological context survey at egaroshindur,...

cÖZœZvwË¡K AbymÜvbÕ 2012, GMviwmÜzi

1 mvavibZ ejv n‡q _v‡K evsjv‡`‡ki gvbe

G f~wg MwVZ n‡q‡Q wbKU AZx‡Z| Avevi

Av‡Q Ggb mvBUI Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq bv| Z‡e f~wg MV‡bi †ÿ‡Î GB gšÍe¨ meRvqMvq mwVK bq|

jvjgvB, gaycyi I e‡i›`ª AÂ‡ji f’wg MV‡bi HwZn¨ nvRvi jÿ eQ‡ii| evsjv‡`‡ki

PvKjvcywÄ AÂ‡j D”P-cy‡ivcjxq hy‡Mi nvwZ

wK‡kviM‡Äi GMviwmÜzi Aew ’Z|

evsjv‡`‡k cÖvwZôvwbKfv‡e cÖZœPP©v nq GKgvÎ Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vj‡qi

wefv‡Mi mxwgZ ÿgZvi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki cÖZœZvwË¡K

D‡`¨v‡M GMviwmÜzi AÂ‡j cÖZœZvwË¡K AbymÜvb GB AÂ‡ji HwZnvwmK Z_¨ DrNvU‡bi c_ iwPZ

n‡q‡Q|

GMviwmÜzi AÂj evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU Ab¨Zg cÖZœ ’vb| wKš‘ `xN©Kvj GB ’v‡b

cÖZœZvwË¡K AbymÜv‡b GwM‡q Av‡m wb| Avgiv GLv‡b avivevwnK cÖZœZË¡ M‡elbvi wmÜvšÍ wb‡qwQ|

cÖvPxbZ¡, bvgKiY, ivR‰bwZK avivevwnKZv, mvgvwRK web¨vm Ges mvs¯‹…wZK mg„w× GK inm¨gqZvq

Av”Qbœ| AvkvKwi Avgv‡ì GB wi‡cv‡U©i gva¨‡g GB AÂ‡j M‡elYvi Øvi A‡bK ~i GwM‡q wb‡q

hv‡e| GB AÂ‡ji gvby‡li AÁZvi d‡j cÖvPxb cÖZœ ’vb¸‡jv AvR aŸs‡mi c‡_| cÖZœZË¡ Awa`ßi

GLv‡bi ywU gmwR` msiÿ‡bi KvR Ki‡jI evKx ’vb¸‡jv GLbI AÜKv‡ii g‡a¨ Av”Qbœ|

8

1 f~wgKv mvavibZ ejv n‡q _v‡K evsjv‡`‡ki gvbe-emwZ Lye cÖvPxb bq| GLvbKvi gvwU bexb

U AZx‡Z| Avevi b`xi fv½‡b wejxb n‡q †M‡Q Ges b`x M‡f© gvwU Pvcv n‡q

‡R cvIqv hvq bv| Z‡e f~wg MV‡bi †ÿ‡Î GB gšÍe¨ meRvqMvq mwVK bq|

jvjgvB, gaycyi I e‡i›`ª AÂ‡ji f’wg MV‡bi HwZn¨ nvRvi jÿ eQ‡ii| evsjv‡`‡ki

cy‡ivcjxq hy‡Mi nvwZqvi cvIqv †M‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvPxY

wK‡kviM‡Äi GMviwmÜzi Aew¯’Z|

ZôvwbKfv‡e cÖZœPP©v nq GKgvÎ Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖZœZË¡ wefv‡M|

wefv‡Mi mxwgZ ÿgZvi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki cÖZœZvwË¡K PP©v A‡bK `~i GwM‡q wb‡q hv‡”Q| wefv‡Mi

GMviwmÜzi AÂ‡j cÖZœZvwË¡K AbymÜvb GB AÂ‡ji HwZnvwmK Z_¨ DrNvU‡bi c_ iwPZ

GMviwmÜzi AÂj evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU Ab¨Zg cÖZœ ’vb| wKš‘ `xN©Kvj GB ’v‡b

cÖZœZvwË¡K AbymÜv‡b GwM‡q Av‡m wb| Avgiv GLv‡b avivevwnK cÖZœZË¡ M‡elbvi wmÜvšÍ wb‡qwQ|

ÖvPxbZ¡, bvgKiY, ivR‰bwZK avivevwnKZv, mvgvwRK web¨vm Ges mvs¯‹…wZK mg„w× GK inm¨gqZvq

Av”Qbœ| AvkvKwi Avgv‡ì GB wi‡cv‡U©i gva¨‡g GB AÂ‡j M‡elYvi Øvi A‡bK ~i GwM‡q wb‡q


Lv‡bi ywU gmwR` msiÿ‡bi KvR Ki‡jI evKx ’vb¸‡jv GLbI AÜKv‡ii g‡a¨ Av”Qbœ|

emwZ Lye cÖvPxb bq| GLvbKvi gvwU bexb, KviY cwj R‡g

b`xi fv½‡b wejxb n‡q †M‡Q Ges b`x M‡f© gvwU Pvcv n‡q

‡R cvIqv hvq bv| Z‡e f~wg MV‡bi †ÿ‡Î GB gšÍe¨ meRvqMvq mwVK bq|

jvjgvB, gaycyi I e‡i›`ª AÂ‡ji f’wg MV‡bi HwZn¨ nvRvi jÿ eQ‡ii| evsjv‡`‡ki jvjgvB

vi cvIqv †M‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvPxY f~wgi cv‡k

cÖZœZË¡ wefv‡M| GB

~i GwM‡q wb‡q hv‡”Q| wefv‡Mi

GMviwmÜzi AÂ‡j cÖZœZvwË¡K AbymÜvb GB AÂ‡ji HwZnvwmK Z_¨ DrNvU‡bi c_ iwPZ

GMviwmÜzi AÂj evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU Ab¨Zg cÖZœ ’vb| wKš‘ `xN©Kvj GB ’v‡b D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †Kvb

cÖZœZvwË¡K AbymÜv‡b GwM‡q Av‡m wb| Avgiv GLv‡b avivevwnK cÖZœZË¡ M‡elbvi wmÜvšÍ wb‡qwQ| Gi

ÖvPxbZ¡, bvgKiY, ivR‰bwZK avivevwnKZv, mvgvwRK web¨vm Ges mvs¯‹…wZK mg„w× GK inm¨gqZvq

Av”Qbœ| AvkvKwi Avgv‡ì GB wi‡cv‡U©i gva¨‡g GB AÂ‡j M‡elYvi Øvi A‡bK `~i GwM‡q wb‡q


Lv‡bi ywU gmwR` msiÿ‡bi KvR Ki‡jI evKx ¯’vb¸‡jv GLbI AÜKv‡ii g‡a¨ Av”Qbœ|


2

wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi cwðgvs‡k cvKzw›`qv _vbv Aew ’Z| GB _vbvi GKwU BDwbq‡bi bvg GMviwmÜz| GB

BDwbq‡bi AvqZb 2743 †n±i|

cyivZb eªþcyÎ, evbvi b`x, k•L b`x (eZ©gv‡b k•L wej bv‡g cwiwPZ) cÖevwnZ| GLv‡b Cmv

GMviwmÜzi yM©, †gvMj Avg‡ji K‡qKwU gmwR`, AmsL¨ cÖvPxb wXwe, w`wN, cyiv‡bv cyKzimn A‡bK

cÖvPxb wb`k©bv`x i‡q‡Q| wK‡kviM‡Äi GMvi

C`Mvnmn A‡bK cÖZœ ’vb Qwo‡q wQwU‡q Av‡Q|

, GMviwmÜzi

9

2 AbymÜvb †ÿ‡Îi cwiwPwZ wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi cwðgvs‡k cvKzw›`qv _vbv Aew ’Z| GB _vbvi GKwU BDwbq‡bi bvg GMviwmÜz| GB

BDwbq‡bi AvqZb 2743 †n±i| cvKzw›`qvq Lvbv kno cÖwZwôZ nq 1922 mv‡j|

cyivZb eªþcyÎ, evbvi b`x, k•L b`x (eZ©gv‡b k•L wej bv‡g cwiwPZ) cÖevwnZ| GLv‡b Cmv

yM©, †gvMj Avg‡ji K‡qKwU gmwR`, AmsL¨ cÖvPxb wXwe, w`wN, cyiv‡bv cyKzimn A‡bK

wK‡kviM‡Äi GMviwmÜzi MÖvg ev‡`I G AÂ‡j R½jevox, †kvKvwjqv

C`Mvnmn A‡bK cÖZœ ’vb Qwo‡q wQwU‡q Av‡Q|

wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi cwðgvs‡k cvKzw›`qv _vbv Aew¯’Z| GB _vbvi GKwU BDwbq‡bi bvg GMviwmÜz| GB

cvKzw›`qvq Lvbv kno cÖwZwôZ nq 1922 mv‡j| Gi cvk w`‡q

cyivZb eªþcyÎ, evbvi b`x, k•L b`x (eZ©gv‡b k•L wej bv‡g cwiwPZ) cÖevwnZ| GLv‡b Cmv Luvi

yM©, †gvMj Avg‡ji K‡qKwU gmwR`, AmsL¨ cÖvPxb wXwe, w`wN, cyiv‡bv cyKzimn A‡bK

wmÜzi MÖvg ev‡`I G AÂ‡j R½jevox, †kvKvwjqv


10


, GMviwmÜzi

11


12


3 wK‡kviMÄ AÂjwU AvVvi kZ‡Ki †kl cÖv‡šÍI KvUvLvjx bv‡g me©vwaK cwiwPZ wQj| †Rgm †Uj‡ii

eb©bvq GjvKvwU‡K R½jevox wn‡m‡eB D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|

GKwU BDwbqb nj GMviwmÜz| GLv‡b

GKwU BwZnvm i‡q‡Q| GKwU RbkÖæwZ n‡”Q, ga¨hy‡M gjs kvn& bv‡g GKRb ag© cÖP

G‡mwQ‡jb| GB gjs kvn&-Gi cvK †`n †_

cvKzw›`qv iæc wb‡q‡Q| cwÛZ Kzgvi †m‡bi g‡Z, cvKzb A_©

†ewôZ DuPz wUjvhy³ ¯’vb| GLv‡b cvKzi I w`qv G kã ywU wg‡j‡q A_© `vovq ywU b`x ev Lvj †ewôZ

DuPz wUjvhy³ ’v‡b cvKzi Mv‡Qi eb| g~j kãwU cvKzi ‡_‡K D”PviY weeZ©‡b cvKzb Zvi w`qv †hvM n‡q

cvKzw›`qv n‡q‡Q|1

GMviwmÜzi bvgKi‡YI ’vbxq‡ì g‡a¨ GKwU RbkÖæwZ

GMviRb cxi G‡mwQ‡jb| GB GMvi Rb cxi n‡jb ga¨hy‡M kvnRvjv‡ji mv‡_ Avmv wKQz e¨w

Zviv G AÂ‡j ag© cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ Av‡mb| GB GMvi Rb e¨w

bvgvbymv‡i GB MÖv‡gi bvg nq GMviwmÜz| G‡ì GKRb n‡jb cx

cvB| Avgiv AbymÜvb K‡i GB GMviRb cx‡ii bvg I Kei Ly‡R †ei Kivi †Póv K‡iwQ| wKš‘ mevi

bvg I Kei cvIqv m¤¢e nqwb| hv‡ì bvg †c‡qwQ

1. Cxi Mwieyjøvni gvRvi

2. Kvn Avkdxi gvRvi

3. Ges wKQz AÁvZ cx‡ii gvRvi

1 b~iæ¾vgvb, †gvnv¤§`, evsjv‡`‡ki †Rjv

, GMviwmÜzi

13

bvgKiY wK‡kviMÄ AÂjwU AvVvi kZ‡Ki †kl cÖv‡šÍI KvUvLvjx bv‡g me©vwaK cwiwPZ wQj| †Rgm †Uj‡ii

eb©bvq GjvKvwU‡K R½jevox wn‡m‡eB D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi cvKzw›`qv Dc‡Rjv

GKwU BDwbqb nj GMviwmÜz| GLv‡b _vbv mì cÖwZwôZ nq 1922 mv‡j| cvKzw›`qv _vbvi bvgKi‡Yi

KwU BwZnvm i‡q‡Q| GKwU RbkÖæwZ n‡”Q, ga¨hy‡M gjs kvn& bv‡g GKRb ag© cÖP

Gi cvK †`n †_‡K D y©‡Z cvKIqvb A_©vr cvKvb‡`n n‡Z D”PviY weeZ©‡b

cvKzw›`qv iæc wb‡q‡Q| cwÛZ Kzgvi †m‡bi g‡Z, cvKzb A_©- cvKzi MvQ, w`qv AZ© `ycv‡k b`x ev

¯’vb| GLv‡b cvKzi I w`qv G kã ywU wg‡j‡q A_© `vovq ywU b`x ev Lvj †ewôZ

’v‡b cvKzi Mv‡Qi eb| g~j kãwU cvKzi ‡_‡K D”PviY weeZ©‡b cvKzb Zvi w`qv †hvM n‡q

GMviwmÜzi bvgKi‡YI ¯’vbxq‡ì g‡a¨ GKwU RbkÖæwZ Av‡Q| ’vbxq‡ì g‡Z, GB GMviwmÜzi MÖv‡g

GMviRb cxi G‡mwQ‡jb| GB GMvi Rb cxi n‡jb ga¨hy‡M kvnRvjv‡ji mv‡_ Avmv wKQz e¨w

cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ Av‡mb| GB GMvi Rb e¨w³i Kei GB MÖv‡g Av‡Q| Zv‡ì

bvgvbymv‡i GB MÖv‡gi bvg nq GMviwmÜz| G‡ì GKRb n‡jb cxi Mwieyjøvn| Avgiv Zvi Kei Ly‡R


vIqv m¤¢e nqwb| hv‡ì bvg †c‡qwQ Zviv n‡jb-

Cxi Mwieyjøvni gvRvi

Ges wKQz AÁvZ cx‡ii gvRvi

evsjv‡`‡ki †Rjv-Dc‡Rjvi bvgKiY I HwZn¨, 2007, gvIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv, 172-175|

wK‡kviMÄ AÂjwU AvVvi kZ‡Ki †kl cÖv‡šÍI KvUvLvjx bv‡g me©vwaK cwiwPZ wQj| †Rgm †Uj‡ii

wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi cvKzw›`qv Dc‡Rjvi

_vbv mì cÖwZwôZ nq 1922 mv‡j| cvKzw›`qv _vbvi bvgKi‡Yi

KwU BwZnvm i‡q‡Q| GKwU RbkÖæwZ n‡”Q, ga¨hy‡M gjs kvn& bv‡g GKRb ag© cÖPviK GLv‡b

‡K D y©‡Z cvKIqvb A_©vr cvKvb‡`n n‡Z D”PviY weeZ©‡b

cvKzi MvQ, w`qv AZ© ycv‡k b`x ev Lvj

¯’vb| GLv‡b cvKzi I w`qv G kã ywU wg‡j‡q A_© `vovq `ywU b`x ev Lvj †ewôZ

’v‡b cvKzi Mv‡Qi eb| g~j kãwU cvKzi ‡_‡K D”PviY weeZ©‡b cvKzb Zvi w`qv †hvM n‡q

Av‡Q| ’vbxq‡ì g‡Z, GB GMviwmÜzi MÖv‡g

GMviRb cxi G‡mwQ‡jb| GB GMvi Rb cxi n‡jb ga¨hy‡M kvnRvjv‡ji mv‡_ Avmv wKQz e¨w³iv|

Kei GB MÖv‡g Av‡Q| Zv‡ì

i Mwieyjøvn| Avgiv Zvi Kei Ly‡R


175|


Avevi Ab¨ GK eb©bvq cvIqv hvq †h,

n‡q‡Q| G yM©wU G bv‡g cwiwPZ nIqv

evbvi, kxZjÿv, AvwoAvj Luv, wMqi, my›`v BZ¨vw`

2 Rvnvb, kvnbvR ûm‡b, evsjvwcwWqv, LÛ-5, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 73|

14

cvIqv hvq †h, GMviwmÜz kãwU GLv‡b GMviwU b`x A‡_© e¨eüZ

n‡q‡Q| G `yM©wU G bv‡g cwiwPZ nIqvi KviY nj GK mg‡q GwU A‡bK¸‡jv b`xi †hgb

AvwoAvj Luv, wMqi, my›`v BZ¨vw` b`xi ms‡hvM ’‡j Aew ’Z wQj|

5, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 73|

GMviwmÜz kãwU GLv‡b GMviwU b`x A‡_© e¨eüZ

i KviY nj GK mg‡q GwU A‡bK¸‡jv b`xi †hgb- eþcyÎ,

b`xi ms‡hvM ’‡j Aew ’Z wQj|2


4 AbymÜvb †ÿ‡Îi †fŠ‡MvwjK IAe¯’vb I AvqZb

1960 mv‡j wK‡kviMÄ gnvKzgv cÖwZwôZ nq| ZLb wK‡kviMÄ _vbv wQj wZbwU

wK‡kviMÄ| gnvKzgv cÖwZwôZ nIqvi ci wK‡kviMÄ GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~b©

1915 mv‡ji GK cÖwZ‡e`‡b e„nËi gqgbwmsn‡K †f‡½ †h wZ

GKwU wQj wK‡kviMÄ| Ae‡k‡l 1984 mv‡ji 1jv ‡deªæqvix wK‡kviMÄ †Rjv wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ cvq|

wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi cvKzw›`qv _vbvi GKwU BDwbqb nj GMviwmÜz| GB _vbvi DË‡i †nv‡mbcyi I

wK‡kviMÄ m`i, c~‡e© KwUqvw`, `wÿ‡Y biwms`x †Rjvi g‡bvni

cwð‡g gsgbwmsn ‡Rjvi MdiMvuI _vbv Øviv †ewôZ| GB Dc‡RjvwUi AvqZb 180.52 eM©

wK‡jvwgUvi| cÖavb b`x cÖivZb eªþcyÎ, bimy›`v I evbvi| _vbvwU cÖvq 24

Aÿvsk Ges 90u46© c~e© ªvwNgvs‡ki g‡a¨ Aew ’Z|

RbmsL¨v

1991 mv‡ji Av`gmygvix Abyhvqx cvKzw›`qv _vbvi †gvU RbmsL¨v n‡jv 210355 Rb| cÖwZ eM©

wK‡jvwgUv‡i emevm K‡i cÖvq 1169 Rb| 1974 I 1981 mv‡ji Av`gmygvix Abyhvqx G GjvKvi

RbmsL¨v wQj h_vµ‡g 148948 I 173284 Rb| evwl©K RbmsL¨v e„w×i nvi kZKiv 201 Rb| G

_vbvq M‡o gv_vwcQz fzwgi cwigvb 0.09 †n±i|

cÖkvmwbK KvVv‡gv

cvKzw›`qv _vbv m„wó 1932 mv‡j| eZ©gv‡b GwU Dc‡Rjv| BDwbqb 10wU, †gŠRv 97wU, MÖvg 170wU|

3 b~iæ¾vgvb, †gvnv¤§`, evsjv‡`‡ki †Rjv

, GMviwmÜzi

15

AbymÜvb †ÿ‡Îi †fŠ‡MvwjK I cwi‡ewkK †cÖwÿZ

1960 mv‡j wK‡kviMÄ gnvKzgv cÖwZwôZ nq| ZLb wK‡kviMÄ _vbv wQj wZbwU

wK‡kviMÄ| gnvKzgv cÖwZwôZ nIqvi ci wK‡kviMÄ GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~b© ’vb wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ n‡q D‡V|

1915 mv‡ji GK cÖwZ‡e`‡b e„nËi gqgbwmsn‡K †f‡½ †h wZbwU †Rjv MV‡bi cÖ Íve Kiv nq Zvi

GKwU wQj wK‡kviMÄ| Ae‡k‡l 1984 mv‡ji 1jv ‡deªæqvix wK‡kviMÄ †Rjv wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ cvq|


wK‡kviMÄ m`i, c~‡e© KwUqvw`, `wÿ‡Y biwms`x †Rjvi g‡bvni`x I MvRxcyi †Rjvi Kvcvwmqv Ges


wK‡jvwgUvi| cÖavb b`x cÖivZb eªþcyÎ, bimy›`v I evbvi| _vbvwU cÖvq 24

ªvwNgvs‡ki g‡a¨ Aew ’Z|

mv‡ji Av`gmygvix Abyhvqx cvKzw›`qv _vbvi †gvU RbmsL¨v n‡jv 210355 Rb| cÖwZ eM©



cQz fzwgi cwigvb 0.09 †n±i|


evsjv‡`‡ki †Rjv-Dc‡Rjvi bvgKiY I HwZn¨, 2007, gvIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv, 172-175|

cwi‡ewkK †cÖwÿZ

1960 mv‡j wK‡kviMÄ gnvKzgv cÖwZwôZ nq| ZLb wK‡kviMÄ _vbv wQj wZbwU- wbKjx, evwRZcyi I

’vb wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ n‡q D‡V|

bwU †Rjv MV‡bi cÖ Íve Kiv nq Zvi

GKwU wQj wK‡kviMÄ| Ae‡k‡l 1984 mv‡ji 1jv ‡deªæqvix wK‡kviMÄ †Rjv wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ cvq|3


`x I MvRxcyi †Rjvi Kvcvwmqv Ges


wK‡jvwgUvi| cÖavb b`x cÖivZb eªþcyÎ, bimy›`v I evbvi| _vbvwU cÖvq 24u16© I 24u24© DËi

mv‡ji Av`gmygvix Abyhvqx cvKzw›`qv _vbvi †gvU RbmsL¨v n‡jv 210355 Rb| cÖwZ eM©




175|


BDwbq‡bi bvgGMviwmÜzRv½vwjqvmywLqvPwÛcvkvbivw›`

cvUzqvWv½vPidivw`cvKzqvw›`‡nv‡mbwèviæw`qvme©‡gvU

wkÿveë¯’v

G _vbvq wgÿvi nvi 29.3%| Gi g‡a¨ cyiæl 33.3% Ges gwnjv 24.2%|

‡ckv

G _vbvi Rb‡Mvôxi cÖavb †ckv

eëmv 7.10%, PvKix 4.7% Ges Ab¨vb¨ 8.22%|

hvZvqvZ eë¯’v

G _vbvi hvZvqvZ eë ’v †gvUvgywU DbœZ| _vbv m`‡ii mv‡_ †Rjv kno wK‡kviMÄ, †nv‡mbcyi I

KwUqv`x _vbvq cvKv moK c‡_ †hvMv‡hvM i‡q‡Q| _vbv m`‡ii

KvuPv I AvavcvKv moK i‡q‡Q| G_Abvq cvuKv iv Ív i‡q‡Q 30 wKwg, AvavcvKv iv Ív i‡q‡Q 10 wKwg,

KvuPv iv Ív i‡q‡Q 880 wK.wg.|8

cwðg mxgvbvq e‡q hvIqv eªþcyÎ b`x m

4 evsjv‡`k cwimsÿvb ey‡iv, ¯§j Gwiqv A¨vUjvm, gsgbwmsn ‡ms‡kvwaZ| 5 evsjv‡`k cwimsÿvb ey‡iv , evsjv‡`k ccy‡jkb †mÝvm, 1991 fwjDg2 BDwwbqb ÷¨vwUmwUKm&, 1993|6 Avjg, †gv. Rvnv½xi, evsjvwcwWqv, LÛ-5, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv7 Avjg, †gv. Rvnv½xi, evsjvwcwWqv, LÛ-5, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 315|

8 Avjg, †gv. Rvnv½xi, evsjvwcwWqv, LÛ-5, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 315|

16

BDwbq‡bi bvg AvqZb4 (†n±i) RbmsL¨vGMviwmÜz 2743 27302Rv½vwjqv 2759 26893mywLqv 1371 16661PwÛcvkv 1611 18310bivw›` 2491 18717

cvUzqvWv½v 1662 27365Pidivw` 944 20737cvKzqvw›` 1222 17291‡nv‡mbw` 2743 14323eviæw`qv 1918 22819me©‡gvU 18019 210355

G _vbvq wgÿvi nvi 29.3%| Gi g‡a¨ cyiæl 33.3% Ges gwnjv 24.2%|6

G _vbvi Rb‡Mvôxi cÖavb †ckv K„wl| K…wl 61.51%, K…wl kÖwgK 16.42%, AK…wl kÖwgK 2.05%,

eëmv 7.10%, PvKix 4.7% Ges Ab¨vb¨ 8.22%|7


KwUqv`x _vbvq cvKv moK c‡_ †hvMv‡hvM i‡q‡Q| _vbv m`‡ii mv‡_ BDwbqb¸‡jvi ‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨

KvuPv I AvavcvKv moK i‡q‡Q| G_Abvq cvuKv iv Ív i‡q‡Q 30 wKwg, AvavcvKv iv Ív i‡q‡Q 10 wKwg,

evnb eë¯’vq i‡q‡Q evm, UªvK, wi·v, bwmgb, †bŠKv cÖf…wZ| GQvovI

cwðg mxgvbvq e‡q hvIqv eªþcyÎ b`x mviv eQi cvk¦eZ©x AÂ‡ji mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM iÿv K‡i Pj‡Q|

evsjv‡`k cwimsÿvb ey‡iv, ¯§j Gwiqv A¨vUjvm, gsgbwmsn ‡Rjv, 1985 Gi mnvqZvq RywimwWKkb wj÷, cvKzw›`qv _vbv Abyhvqx

evsjv‡`k cwimsÿvb ey‡iv , evsjv‡`k ccy‡jkb †mÝvm, 1991 fwjDg2 BDwwbqb ÷¨vwUmwUKm&, 1993|

5, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 315-316|5, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 315|


RbmsL¨v5 27302 26893 16661 18310 18717 27365 20737 17291 14323 22819 210355

K„wl| K…wl 61.51%, K…wl kÖwgK 16.42%, AK…wl kÖwgK 2.05%,


mv‡_ BDwbqb¸‡jvi ‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨

KvuPv I AvavcvKv moK i‡q‡Q| G_Abvq cvuKv iv Ív i‡q‡Q 30 wKwg, AvavcvKv iv¯Ív i‡q‡Q 10 wKwg,

evnb eë¯’vq i‡q‡Q evm, UªvK, wi·v, bwmgb, †bŠKv cÖf…wZ| GQvovI

viv eQi cvk¦eZ©x AÂ‡ji mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM iÿv K‡i Pj‡Q|

Rjv, 1985 Gi mnvqZvq RywimwWKkb wj÷, cvKzw›`qv _vbv Abyhvqx

316|


Rjevqy

evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ ¯’v‡bi gZ G _vbvq µvšÍxq †gŠmygx Rjevqyi AšÍ©MZ| GLv‡b lo FZzi g‡a¨

cÖavbZt wZbwU †gŠmyg cwijwÿZ nq| el©v †gŠmyg mvavibZ †g gvm n‡Z A‡±vei ch©šÍ ’vqx nq|

kxZKvj mvavibZ b‡f¤i †_

ZvcgvÎ we‡køl‡Y †`Lv hvq GLv‡bi me©wb¤œ

42.2 wWwMÖ †mjwm‡qm|

wb‡¤œ mvibxi gva¨‡g ZvcgvÎv I e„wócvZ †`Iqv nj

gqgbwmsn AvenvIqv †K‡› ªi `xN©‡gqv`x

Mo ZvcgvÎv 9

Rvby ‡deªæ

ZvcgvÎv

Pig Dò 29.4 33.4

Mo m‡e©v”P 25.0 27.5

PigkxZj 4.4 4.4

Mo m‡e©v”P 12.2 13.9

Mo 18.6 20.7

e„wócvZ 6 20

gqgbwmsn AvenvIqv †K‡› ªi `xN©‡gqv`x Mo e„wócvZ (wgwjwgUvi)

1 iwe †gŠmyg (b‡f

2

3 Lwid †gŠmyg (Ryb

9 G‡MÖvK¬vB‡gwUK mv‡f© Ad evsjv‡`k, g¨vbv‡jv, AvB Avi Avi/we Avi Avi AvB, 1975|10 Kw¤úDUvi †m›Uvi, evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elbv KvDwÝj, XvKv †_‡K msM„nxZ (1996 Bs) evsjv‡`k AvenvIqv Awa`ßi gsgbwmsn †K‡›`ªi Z_¨|

, GMviwmÜzi

17

evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ ’v‡bi gZ G _vbvq µvšÍxq †gŠmygx Rjevqyi AšÍ©MZ| GLv‡b lo FZzi g‡a¨


kxZKvj mvavibZ b‡f¤i †_‡K †deªæqvix cqšÍ ’vqx _v‡K| evKx mgq MÖx®§Kvj weiRgvb _v‡K|

we‡køl‡Y †`Lv hvq GLv‡bi me©wb¤œ ZvcgvÎv 19.2 wWwMÖ †mjwm‡qm Ges m‡e©v”P ZvcgvÎv

wb‡¤œ mvibxi gva¨‡g ZvcgvÎv I e„wócvZ †`Iqv nj-

gbwmsn AvenvIqv †K‡› ªi `xN©‡gqv`x gvwmK Pig Dò I Pig kxZj, Mo m‡e©v”P, Mo me©wb¤œ I

gvP© GwcÖj †g Ryb RyjvB AvMó

38.9 42.2 41.7 37.2 36.1 36.7

31.4 32.9 31.9 31.1 31.1 31.3

8.3 15.0 16.7 20.0 22.2 22.2

18.2 21.6 23.0 24.6 25.1 25.2

24.7 27.3 27.4 27.8 28.1 28.2

34 118 351 405 456 337

gbwmsn AvenvIqv †K‡› ªi `xN©‡gqv`x Mo e„wócvZ (wgwjwgUvi)10

‡gŠmyg

iwe †gŠmyg (b‡f-‡deªæ)

cÖvK-Lwid (gvP©-‡g)

Lwid †gŠmyg (Ryb-A‡±v)

G‡MÖvK¬vB‡gwUK mv‡f© Ad evsjv‡`k, g¨vbv‡jv, AvB Avi Avi/we Avi Avi AvB, 1975| Kw¤úDUvi †m›Uvi, evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elbv KvDwÝj, XvKv †_‡K msM„nxZ (1996 Bs) evsjv‡`k AvenvIqv Awa`ßi gsgbwmsn †K‡›`ªi Z_¨|

evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ ’v‡bi gZ G _vbvq µvšÍxq †gŠmygx Rjevqyi AšÍ©MZ| GLv‡b lo FZzi g‡a¨


‡K †deªæqvix cqšÍ ’vqx _v‡K| evKx mgq MÖx®§Kvj weiRgvb _v‡K|

ZvcgvÎv 19.2 wWwMÖ †mjwm‡qm Ges m‡e©v”P ZvcgvÎv

gvwmK Pig Dò I Pig kxZj, Mo m‡e©v”P, Mo me©wb¤œ I

‡m‡Þ A‡±v b‡f wW‡m evrmwiK

36.7 36.7 33.3 30.6

31.1 30.6 28.9 26.1

21.2 16.1 11.1 7.2

24.8 22.7 18.2 13.6

27.9 26.6 23.6 19.8 24.6

292 183 18 7 2227

‡gŠmy‡gi e„wócvZ

51

503

1673

Kw¤úDUvi †m›Uvi, evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elbv KvDwÝj, XvKv †_‡K msM„nxZ (1996 Bs) evsjv‡`k AvenvIqv Awa`ßi gsgbwmsn †K‡›`ªi Z_¨|


18


, GMviwmÜzi

19


20


, GMviwmÜzi

21


f~cÖK…wZ

cvKzw›`qv _vbv PviwU f~cÖK…wZ AÂj wb‡q MwVZ, h_v:

(K) gaycyi Mo AÂj

(L) cyivZb eªþcyÎ cjjf

(M) be¨ eªþcyÎ cjjf~wg

(N) mwµq eªþcyÎ cjjf~

gaycyi Mo AÂj

G AÂj ïaygvÎ GMviwmÜzi BDwbq‡bi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ges cvKzw›`qv BDwbq‡bi mvgvb¨ Ask we`¨gvb|

GjvKvwU gaycyi K ©g bvgK my-cÖvPxb Avwè ‘ Øviv MwVZ, hv cÖvK…wZK ev f~ZvwË¡K Kvi‡b Dc‡i D‡U

Av‡m| G GjvKvi f~wg cÖK…wZ avc wewkó, hv mwc©j AvK…wZi DcZ¨Kv ( ’vbxq bvg evB

gv‡S wef³| evB`¸wj ’vbxqfv‡e el©vKv‡j cvwb wb®‹vkb K‡i| G AÂj cvk¦©eZ©x cjjf~wg A‡cÿv 3

wgUvi n‡Z 5 wgUvi chšÍ DuPy| gaycyi M‡oi DPz Rwg‡K ¯’vbxqfvlvq Pvjf~wg ejv nq| DPz Rwg¸‡jv

cÖvq mgZj, Z‡e †Kv_vI †Kv_vI mvgvb¨ DPz

cyivZb eªþcyÎ cjjf~wg

G GjvKv _vbvi me BDwbq‡bB we¯Í…Z| Gi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ GjvKv‡ZB gaycyi Mo AÂ‡ji Dc‡i cjj

gvwU G‡m R‡g‡Q| GjvKvwU el©vKv‡j ¯í Mfxi †_‡K gvSvix Nfxifv‡e cøvweZ nq|

be¨ eªþcyÎ cjjf~wg :

G GjvKv _vbvi DËi-cwðg, cwðg

fvsMv I wej wb‡q MwVZ| DuPz fvsMv mvavibZt el©vi cvwb‡Z cøvweZ nq bv|

mwµq eªþcyÎ cjjf~wg

GjvKvwU _vbvi cwðg cÖv‡šÍ eªþcyÎ b` eivei we¯Í…Z| weMZ 10/12 eQ‡iB G GjvKvi AwaKvsk ¯

cÖPzi cwigvb b`xevwnZ cjj gvwU G‡g R‡g‡Q| †Kv_vI †Kv_vI 9 wgUv‡iiI †ewk cji gvwU R‡g‡Q|

G GjvKv‡Z cÖwZ eQi eb¨v, b`x fv½b I nVvr cwj‡Z XvKv c‡o dmjnvwbi m¤¢vebv cÖPzi|

22

cvKzw›`qv _vbv PviwU f~cÖK…wZ AÂj wb‡q MwVZ, h_v:

(L) cyivZb eªþcyÎ cjjf~wg

(M) be¨ eªþcyÎ cjjf~wg

(N) mwµq eªþcyÎ cjjf~wg


cÖvPxb Avwè¯‘ Øviv MwVZ, hv cÖvK…wZK ev f~ZvwË¡K Kvi‡b Dc‡i D‡U

Av‡m| G GjvKvi f~wg cÖK…wZ avc wewkó, hv mwc©j AvK…wZi DcZ¨Kv ( ’vbxq bvg evB

evB`¸wj ’vbxqfv‡e el©vKv‡j cvwb wb®‹vkb K‡i| G AÂj cvk¦©eZ©x cjjf~wg A‡cÿv 3

wgUvi n‡Z 5 wgUvi chšÍ DuPy| gaycyi M‡oi DPz Rwg‡K ’vbxqfvlvq Pvjf~wg ejv nq| DPz Rwg¸‡jv

cÖvq mgZj, Z‡e †Kv_vI †Kv_vI mvgvb¨ DPz-wbPz|



cwðg, cwðg-`wÿYvs‡k Aew ’Z| G AÂj cÖvq mgZj †_‡K wKwÂr AmgZj

fvsMv I wej wb‡q MwVZ| DuPz fvsMv mvavibZt el©vi cvwb‡Z cøvweZ nq bv|

GjvKvwU _vbvi cwðg cÖv‡šÍ eªþcyÎ b` eivei we Í…Z| weMZ 10/12 eQ‡iB G GjvKvi AwaKvsk ¯




cÖvPxb Avwè¯‘ Øviv MwVZ, hv cÖvK…wZK ev f~ZvwË¡K Kvi‡b Dc‡i D‡U

Av‡m| G GjvKvi f~wg cÖK…wZ avc wewkó, hv mwc©j AvK…wZi DcZ¨Kv ( ’vbxq bvg evB`) Øviv gv‡S

evB`¸wj ’vbxqfv‡e el©vKv‡j cvwb wb®‹vkb K‡i| G AÂj cvk¦©eZ©x cjjf~wg A‡cÿv 3

wgUvi n‡Z 5 wgUvi chšÍ DuPy| gaycyi M‡oi DPz Rwg‡K ’vbxqfvlvq Pvjf~wg ejv nq| DPz Rwg¸‡jv



`wÿYvs‡k Aew ’Z| G AÂj cÖvq mgZj †_‡K wKwÂr AmgZj

GjvKvwU _vbvi cwðg cÖv‡šÍ eªþcyÎ b` eivei we Í…Z| weMZ 10/12 eQ‡iB G GjvKvi AwaKvsk ’v‡b




, GMviwmÜzi

23


24


Dw™¢ I cÖvbx

djdjvwì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Avg, Rvg, KvuVvj, wjPz, Kjv, †cu‡c, Avb

Avgov. Kzj, †jey, †ZZzj, †LRyi, Zvj, RjcvB, mycvix, †ej cÖf…wZ|

dmjvwì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q avb, AvL, Mg, mwilv, wgwó Aviæ, cvU, Wvj, fzÆv, jvD, †e¸b, U‡gUz, †Xim,

wmg, Kijøv, eieywU, cUj, WvUv, cÖf…wZ|

gmjv RvZxq Dw™¢‡ì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q wcu

KvV RvZxq Dw™¢‡ì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q evuk, KovB, †gnMwb, wbg cÖf…wZ|

M„ncvwjZ cïcvwLi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Miæ, gwnl, QvMj, nvm, gyiMx, †fov cÖf…wZ|

cÖavb ißvwb ªe¨ avb. wcuqvR, Kjv, †cu‡c|

11 f~wg I g„wËKv m¤ú` eënvi wb‡`©wkKv cvKzw›`qv _vbv

, GMviwmÜzi

25

djdjvwì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Avg, Rvg, KvuVvj, wjPz, Kjv, †cu‡c, Avbvim, jUKb, †cqviv, bvwi‡Kj,

Avgov. Kzj, †jey, †ZZzj, †LRyi, Zvj, RjcvB, mycvix, †ej cÖf…wZ|


wmg, Kijøv, eieywU, cUj, WvUv, cÖf…wZ|

gmjv RvZxq Dw™¢‡ì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q wcuqvR, imyb, gwiP cÖf…wZ|

KvV RvZxq Dw™¢‡ì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q evuk, KovB, †gnMwb, wbg cÖf…wZ|


cÖavb ißvwb ªe¨ avb. wcuqvR, Kjv, †cu‡c|11

f~wg I g„wËKv m¤ú` eënvi wb‡`©wkKv cvKzw›`qv _vbv wK‡kviMÄ †Rjv, K„wl gš¿bvjq g„wËKv m¤ú` Dbœqb BbwówUDU, XvKv

vim, jUKb, †cqviv, bvwi‡Kj,



wK‡kviMÄ †Rjv, K„wl gš¿bvjq g„wËKv m¤ú` Dbœqb BbwówUDU, XvKv-1997|


5 AbymÜvb †ÿ‡Îi HwZnvwmK †cÖÿvcUGMvi wm›`yi GKwU HwZn¨gwÛZ MÖvg| MÖvgwU †Uv‡Ki wecixZ w`‡K eª

KwUqvwU _vbv mì †_‡K mv‡o bq gvBj cwð‡g Aew ’Z| Aveyj dR‡ji AvKeibvgvq GMviwmÜzi bvg

D‡jøL cvIqv hvq| ¯’vbwUi bvgKiY wb‡q gZ‡f` Av‡Q| GMvi wmÜzi cÖvPxb bvg KLb †_‡K ïiy

n‡q‡Q Zv wbwðZ K‡i ejvhvq bv| 1933 mv‡j Lb‡bi d‡j GLv‡b K‡qKwU Qvcvw¼Z ‡iŠc¨ gy`ªv Ges

m¤úªwZ Gi AbwZ ~‡i jvjgvwUi D”Pf~wg‡Z eª

ˆZix nvZ KzVvi, el©v djK I aby‡Ki eënv‡ii Dc‡hvMx cv_‡ii ¸wU Avwe¯‹…Z n‡q‡Q| GB gy ªv¸wj

wLªóc~e© lô kZvãxi Ges cÖZœ m¤ú`¸wji wLªóc~e© `kg kZvãxi e‡j HwZnvwmK‡ì avibv| cÖvß

cÖZœm¤ú‡ì Av‡jv‡K HwZnvwmK‡ì avibv †jvKvjq wn‡m‡e GMviwmÜzi Ae ’vb Kgc‡ÿ wLªóc~e©

GKnvRvi eQ‡ii cÖvPxb| G AÂ‡ji Avw` evwm›`v wn‡m‡e †KvP I nvRs Rb‡Mvôxi cwiPq cvIqv

hvq| cÖvß gy`ªv we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g avibv Kiv hvq wLªóc~e© lô kZ‡K G AÂj eëmv evwY‡Rï †K› ªwe› y

wQj|12

GMviwmÜzi bv‡g GG cÖvPxb MÖvgwU cÖvPxb wn›`y

nq| GLv‡b †mB hy‡Mi cÖvPxb ~M© wQj| Cmv Lvb †mB `yM© ms¯‹vi K‡i †mLv‡b

K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j avibv Kiv nq| eZ©gv‡b y‡M©i Aw ÍZ¡ wU‡K †bB ïay wKQz cwiLvi wPý Qvov|

†gŠh© hy‡M G GjvKvi gvbyl DËi fvi‡Zi m‡½ me©cÖ_g mvs¯‹…wZK m¤úK© ¯’vcb ïiy K‡i| G mg‡q GB

’v‡bi †jvKv‡ì mv‡_ cÖÛªbMi I gM‡ai eëmvqx‡ì evwYwR¨K m¤úK© M‡o

¸ß hy‡M 380 wLªóvã ch©šÍ GMvi wmÜz WevK iv‡Rï AšÍ©fz

iv‡Rï Aax‡b P‡j hvq| Aóg kZvãxi Avie †fŠ‡MvwjKM‡bi weei‡b †`Lv hvq †h, ywU b`xi m½g

’‡j Aew ’Z GKwU evwYR¨ e›ì †_‡K gymjgvb ewYKiv myÿ&Y gmwjb e¯¿ I Ab¨vb¨ mvgM

‡iv‡g wb‡q †hZ| HwZnvwmK‡ì g‡Z ywU b`xi m½g ¯’j ej‡Z evsjvi evwYR¨ e›ì GMviwmÜz‡KB

†evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

12 Avn‡g`, G we Gg kvgmywÏb, evsjvwcwWqv,13

hvKvwiqv, Aveyj Kvjvg †gvnv¤§`, evsjv‡`‡ki cÖZœm¤ú`,

26

AbymÜvb †ÿ‡Îi HwZnvwmK †cÖÿvcU

HwZn¨gwÛZ MÖvg| MÖvgwU †Uv‡Ki wecixZ w`‡K eª²cyÎ b‡ì c~e© Zx‡i Ges

KwUqvwU _vbv mì †_‡K mv‡o bq gvBj cwð‡g Aew ’Z| Aveyj dR‡ji AvKeibvgvq GMviwmÜzi bvg


i ejvhvq bv| 1933 mv‡j Lb‡bi d‡j GLv‡b K‡qKwU Qvcvw¼Z ‡iŠc¨ gy`ªv Ges

m¤úªwZ Gi AbwZ ~‡i jvjgvwUi D”Pf~wg‡Z eª²cyÎ b‡ì GKwU Mfxi Lv‡ì cv‡k AvKwiK †jvnvi

ˆZix nvZ KzVvi, el©v djK I aby‡Ki eënv‡ii Dc‡hvMx cv_‡ii ¸wU Avwe¯‹…Z n‡q‡Q| GB gy ªv¸wj

kZvãxi Ges cÖZœ m¤ú`¸wji wLªóc~e© `kg kZvãxi e‡j HwZnvwmK‡ì avibv| cÖvß



we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g avibv Kiv hvq wLªóc~e© lô kZ‡K G AÂj eëmv evwY‡Rï †K› ªwe› y

GMviwmÜzi bv‡g GG cÖvPxb MÖvgwU cÖvPxb wn›`y-‡eŠ× hy‡Mi †ek wKQz cÖvPxb KxwZ© wQj e‡j avibv Kiv

nq| GLv‡b †mB hy‡Mi cÖvPxb ~M© wQj| Cmv Lvb †mB `yM© ms¯‹vi K‡i †mLv‡b

K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j avibv Kiv nq| eZ©gv‡b y‡M©i Aw ÍZ¡ wU‡K †bB ïay wKQz cwiLvi wPý Qvov|

†gŠh© hy‡M G GjvKvi gvbyl DËi fvi‡Zi m‡½ me©cÖ_g mvs¯‹…wZK m¤úK© ¯’vcb ïiy K‡i| G mg‡q GB

’v‡bi †jvKv‡ì mv‡_ cÖÛªbMi I gM‡ai eëmvqx‡ì evwYwR¨K m¤úK© M‡o D‡V|

¸ß hy‡M 380 wLªóvã ch©šÍ GMvi wmÜz WevK iv‡Rï AšÍ©fz³ wQj| m¤¢eZ Gici G AÂjwU Kvgiæc

iv‡Rï Aax‡b P‡j hvq| Aóg kZvãxi Avie †fŠ‡MvwjKM‡bi weei‡b †`Lv hvq †h, ywU b`xi m½g

’‡j Aew ’Z GKwU evwYR¨ e›ì †_‡K gymjgvb ewYKiv myÿ&Y gmwjb e¯¿ I Ab¨vb¨ mvgM

‡iv‡g wb‡q †hZ| HwZnvwmK‡ì g‡Z ywU b`xi m½g ¯’j ej‡Z evsjvi evwYR¨ e›ì GMviwmÜz‡KB

, evsjvwcwWqv, LÛ-2, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 72

evsjv‡`‡ki cÖZœm¤ú`, 1984, evsjv‡`k wkíKjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv, 485-498|

cyÎ b‡ì c~e© Zx‡i Ges

KwUqvwU _vbv mì †_‡K mv‡o bq gvBj cwð‡g Aew¯’Z| Aveyj dR‡ji AvKeibvgvq GMviwmÜzi bvg


i ejvhvq bv| 1933 mv‡j Lb‡bi d‡j GLv‡b K‡qKwU Qvcvw¼Z ‡iŠc¨ gy ªv Ges

cyÎ b‡ì GKwU Mfxi Lv‡ì cv‡k AvKwiK †jvnvi

ˆZix nvZ KzVvi, el©v djK I aby‡Ki eënv‡ii Dc‡hvMx cv_‡ii ¸wU Avwe¯‹…Z n‡q‡Q| GB gy`ªv¸wj

kZvãxi Ges cÖZœ m¤ú`¸wji wLªóc~e© `kg kZvãxi e‡j HwZnvwmK‡ì avibv| cÖvß



we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g avibv Kiv hvq wLªóc~e© lô kZ‡K G AÂj eëmv evwY‡Rï †K› ªwe› y

‡eŠ× hy‡Mi †ek wKQz cÖvPxb KxwZ© wQj e‡j avibv Kiv

nq| GLv‡b †mB hy‡Mi cÖvPxb ~M© wQj| Cmv Lvb †mB `yM© ms¯‹vi K‡i †mLv‡b wKQzw`b Ae ’vb

K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j avibv Kiv nq| eZ©gv‡b y‡M©i Aw¯ÍZ¡ wU‡K †bB ïay wKQz cwiLvi wPý Qvov|13

†gŠh© hy‡M G GjvKvi gvbyl DËi fvi‡Zi m‡½ me©cÖ_g mvs¯‹…wZK m¤úK© ’vcb ïiy K‡i| G mg‡q GB

D‡V|

wQj| m¤¢eZ Gici G AÂjwU Kvgiæc

iv‡Rï Aax‡b P‡j hvq| Aóg kZvãxi Avie †fŠ‡MvwjKM‡bi weei‡b †`Lv hvq †h, `ywU b`xi m½g

’‡j Aew ’Z GKwU evwYR¨ e›ì †_‡K gymjgvb ewYKiv myÿ&Y gmwjb e ¿ I Ab¨vb¨ mvgMÖx cvim¨ I

‡iv‡g wb‡q †hZ| HwZnvwmK‡ì g‡Z ywU b`xi m½g ’j ej‡Z evsjvi evwYR¨ e›ì GMviwmÜz‡KB

2, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 72-73| 498|


`kg kZvãxi cÖ_g w`‡K Kvgiyc ivRv‡ì ye©jZvi my‡hv‡M Kvgiæ‡ci wb¤œvÂ‡j eû mvgšÍ

iv‡Rï m„wó nq| G mgq nvRivw` AÂ‡ji mvgšÍivRv AvRnvev †KvP mvgš

GMviwmÜz AwaKvi K‡ib| K‡qK eQi ci AvRnvev‡K civwRZ K‡i †eeya bv‡gi GKRb ¯vaxb ivRv

GMviwmÜz‡i ÿgZvmxb nb| GB †eey‡ai mgq †_‡K GMviwmÜz DÌvb ïiæ nq| ivRv †eeya GMviwmÜz‡i

`~M©, ivRcÖvmv`, gw›ì BZ¨vw` wbg©vb K‡ib GKwU weivU w`wN I cw

`kg kZvãxi wØZxqv‡a© GMviwmÜzi P› ª eskxq ivRv kÖxP› ª Gi kvmbvaxb Av‡Q| m¤¢eZ ivecv‡ji

ivRZ¡Kv‡j GMviwmÜzi AÂ‡j eg©bivR‡ì AwaKvi cÖwZwôZ nq Ges `kg kZvãxi gvSvgvwS mgqs

ch©šÍ Zv‡ì kvmb Ae¨nZ _v‡K| Gici G AÂj †mb kvmbvax‡b P‡j Av‡m Ges †mb

Aemv‡bi ci Kvgiyc ivRvi AšÍ©f~

Pµcvwb `‡Ëi †jLv †_‡K Rvbv hvq †h, PZz© k kZvãxi cÖ_g w`‡K †MŠ‡oi myjZvb kvgmywÏb wd‡ivR

kvn GMviwmÜzmn e„nËi gqgbwmsn AÂj I wm‡jU AwaKvi K‡ib| 1338 wLªóv‡ã GMviwmÜzimn

evsjvi G AÂ‡ji kvmb ÿgZv MÖnY K‡ib †mvbviMu

ZLb GKwU y‡f© ¨ `~M©I wQj| m¤¢eZ dLiæwÏb Zvi fvM¨ wech©‡qi mgq GMviwmÜz‡Z Ae¯’vb

wb‡q‡Q‡jb Ges GLAb †L‡KB Avevi †mvbviMuv‡qi wmsnvmb AwaKvi K‡ib| Avw` BwjqvPkvnx Avg‡j

GMviwmÜz evsjvi myjZvb‡ì Aax‡b wQj| 1357 wLªóv‡

ms¯‹vi K‡iwQ‡jb| Zvi mg‡q GMviwmÜz ¸iæZ¡c~b© evwYR¨ e›ì wn‡m‡eI L¨vwZ jvf K‡i|

cÂ`k kZvãxi wØZxq `kK †_‡K beg `kK ch©šÍ GMviwmÜz Kv‡ì wbqš¿‡b wQj ejv hvq bv| Z‡e

g‡b nq G mgq evi f~uBqv‡ì cÖvavb¨ wQj| nvekx myjZvb‡

AwaKv‡i Av‡m| †nv‡mb kvnx es‡ki wMqvm DwÏb gvngy` kvn Gi mg‡q cZ©yMxR ewYKiv GMviwmÜz‡i

evwYR¨KzwV mn ïéNvwU wbg©vb K‡ib| wMqvm DwÏb gvngy` kv‡ni ci GMviwmÜzi †kikvn Gi

kvmbvax‡b P‡j Av‡m| wKš‘ Zvi g„Zyï ci GMviwmÜz‡ii

1577 wLªóv‡ã Cmv Lvb gmb`

cÖwZwôZ K‡ib| Cmv Lv‡bi m‡½ gyMj‡ì hy‡×i cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q gyMj †mbvbvqK gynv¤§` Kzwj I kvn

ei`x GMviwmÜz `Lj K‡i wb‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Cmv Lv

, GMviwmÜzi

27


iv‡Rï m„wó nq| G mgq nvRivw` AÂ‡ji mvgšÍivRv AvRnvev †KvP mvgšÍivRv eUs‡K civwRZ K‡i



~M©, ivRcÖvmv`, gw›ì BZ¨vw` wbg©vb K‡ib GKwU weivU w`wN I cwiLv Lbb K‡ib|



ch©šÍ Zv‡ì kvmb Ae¨nZ _v‡K| Gici G AÂj †mb kvmbvax‡b P‡j Av‡m Ges †mb

Aemv‡bi ci Kvgiyc ivRvi AšÍ©f~³ nq|



evsjvi G AÂ‡ji kvmb ÿgZv MÖnY K‡ib †mvbviMuv Gi myjZvb dLiæwÏb †gveviK kvn| GLv‡b

ZLb GKwU y‡f© ¨ ~M©I wQj| m¤¢eZ dLiæwÏb Zvi fvM¨ wech©‡qi mgq GMviwmÜz‡Z Ae¯’vb


GMviwmÜz evsjvi myjZvb‡ì Aax‡b wQj| 1357 wLªóv‡ã myjZvb wmKv›`vi kvn GMviwmÜzi ~‡M©i



g‡b nq G mgq evi f~uBqv‡ì cÖvavb¨ wQj| nvekx myjZvb‡ì Avg‡j GMviwmÜz cybivq gymjgvb‡ì



kvmbvax‡b P‡j Av‡m| wKš‘ Zvi g„Zyï ci GMviwmÜz‡ii KZ…Z¡ P‡j hvq ’vbxq Rwg`vi‡ì nv‡Z|

1577 wLªóv‡ã Cmv Lvb gmb`-B-Avjv GMviwmÜz‡K ivR‰bwZK I ¸iyZ¡c~b© evwYR¨ †K›`ª wn‡m‡e


ei`x GMviwmÜz `Lj K‡i wb‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Cmv Lv‡bi ˆmbïv cvëv Avµgb K‡i gyMj evwnbx‡K


ÍivRv eUs‡K civwRZ K‡i



iLv Lbb K‡ib|



ch©šÍ Zv‡ì kvmb Ae¨nZ _v‡K| Gici G AÂj †mb kvmbvax‡b P‡j Av‡m Ges †mb kvm‡bi



v Gi myjZvb dLiæwÏb †gveviK kvn| GLv‡b

ZLb GKwU y‡f© ¨ ~M©I wQj| m¤¢eZ dLiæwÏb Zvi fvM¨ wech©‡qi mgq GMviwmÜz‡Z Ae¯’vb


ã myjZvb wmKv›`vi kvn GMviwmÜzi ~‡M©i



ì Avg‡j GMviwmÜz cybivq gymjgvb‡ì



KZ…Z¡ P‡j hvq ¯’vbxq Rwg`vi‡ì nv‡Z|

Avjv GMviwmÜz‡K ivR‰bwZK I ¸iyZ¡c~b© evwYR¨ †K›`ª wn‡m‡e


‡bi ˆmbïv cvëv Avµgb K‡i gyMj evwnbx‡K


ch©~`¯’ K‡i GMviwmÜz c~Y`©Lj K‡i †bq Gici †L‡K Cmv Lvb GLv‡bB Ae¯’vb Ki‡Z _v‡Kb|

AvKei bvgvq Cmv LAb‡K Ô‡giRevb

1557 wLªóv‡ã GMviwmÜzi `yM©Øv‡i Cmv Lv‡bi m‡½ gyMj †mbvcwZ gvbwmsn Gi cy

nb| gvbwms‡ni m‡½I Cmv Lv‡bi hy× nq Ges Ae‡k‡l Efqc‡ÿi g‡a¨ GKwU mwÜ mvÿwiZ nq|

Cmv Lv‡bi g„Zy i ci GMviwmÜyi gymv Lvb Gi KZ

mg„× evwYR¨ †K› ª wQj|

gyMj mgªvU Rvnv½xi Gi Avg‡j Dmgvb Lvb †jvnvbxi

Abymv‡i gyMj‡ì nv‡Z GMviwmÜzi cZb N‡U 1608 wLªóv‡ãi †k‡li w`‡K| Gici GMviwmÜz‡K †K›`ª

K‡i gyMjMY Dmgvb Lv‡bi weiy‡× Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡i|

m¤ªvU kvnRvnvb Gi mg‡q 1638 wLªóv‡ã Avmvg ivR 500 †bŠhvbmn GMviwmÜzi Avµgb

evsjvi myevnvi Avmvg ivR‡K cÖwZnZ Kivi Rb¨ AMÖmi n‡j Dfq c‡ÿi g‡a¨ cÖPÛ hy× nq Ges

hy‡×i d‡j GMviwmÜzi cÖPÛfv‡e ÿwZMÖ ’ nq|

Ges ïay evwYR¨ †K› ª wn‡m‡e wU‡K _v‡K|

14 nvmvb, W. ˆmq` gvngy`yj, evsjv‡`‡ki gymwjg cyivvKxwZ15 Avn‡g`, G we Gg kvgmywÏb, evsjvwcwWqv, LÛ

28

ch©~`¯’ K‡i GMviwmÜz c~Y ©Lj K‡i †bq Gici †L‡K Cmv Lvb GLv‡bB Ae ’vb Ki‡Z _v‡Kb|

AvKei bvgvq Cmv LAb‡K Ô‡giRevb-B-fvwÆÕ bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|14

1557 wLªóv‡ã GMviwmÜzi `yM©Øv‡i Cmv Lv‡bi m‡½ gyMj †mbvcwZ gvbwmsn Gi cy


ï ci GMviwmÜyi gymv Lvb Gi KZ©…Zvaxb nq| Gmgq ch©šÍ GMviwmÜzi GKwU yM© I

v½xi Gi Avg‡j Dmgvb Lvb †jvnvbxi wbqš¿‡b wQj GMviwmÜzi|

Abymv‡i gyMj‡ì nv‡Z GMviwmÜzi cZb N‡U 1608 wLªóv‡ãi †k‡li w`‡K| Gici GMviwmÜz‡K †K›`ª

K‡i gyMjMY Dmgvb Lv‡bi weiy‡× Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡i|

m¤ªvU kvnRvnvb Gi mg‡q 1638 wLªóv‡ã Avmvg ivR 500 †bŠhvbmn GMviwmÜzi Avµgb


hy‡×i d‡j GMviwmÜzi cÖPÛfv‡e ÿwZMÖ ’ nq| Gici †_‡K G AÂjwU ax‡i ax‡i HwZn¨ nviv‡Z _v‡K

Ges ïay evwYR¨ †K› ª wn‡m‡e wU‡K _v‡K|15

evsjv‡`‡ki gymwjg cyivvKxwZ ©, 2001, gvIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv - 269|

, LÛ-2, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 72

ch©~`¯’ K‡i GMviwmÜz c~Y ©Lj K‡i †bq Gici †L‡K Cmv Lvb GLv‡bB Ae ’vb Ki‡Z _v‡Kb|

1557 wLªóv‡ã GMviwmÜzi `yM©Øv‡i Cmv Lv‡bi m‡½ gyMj †mbvcwZ gvbwmsn Gi cyÎ yR©bwmsn wbnZ


…Zvaxb nq| Gmgq ch©šÍ GMviwmÜzi GKwU yM© I

evnvwi Ívb-B-Mv‡qex

Abymv‡i gyMj‡ì nv‡Z GMviwmÜzi cZb N‡U 1608 wLªóv‡ãi †k‡li w`‡K| Gici GMviwmÜz‡K †K› ª

m¤ªvU kvnRvnvb Gi mg‡q 1638 wLªóv‡ã Avmvg ivR 500 †bŠhvbmn GMviwmÜzi Avµgb K‡ib|


Gici †_‡K G AÂjwU ax‡i ax‡i HwZn¨ nviv‡Z _v‡K

2, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 72-73|


6 Cmv Luvi gmb‡` Avjv, gvbwms‡ni R½jevox, evsjv‡`‡ki me©e„nr C‡ì RvgvqvZ †kvjvwKqv E`Mvn ,

GMvi wmÜzi `yM© Ges †QvU-eo AmsL¨ nvIi

Avgv‡ì gv÷v‡m©i gvVKg© wn‡m‡e GMviwmÜz MÖvgwU wbe©vPb Kwi| G Rb¨ Avgv‡ì wkÿiv Avgv‡`

mnvqZv K‡i‡Qb| GB MÖvgwU †e‡Q †bIqvi A‡bK KviY wQj| GMviwmÜzi MÖvgwU c~e© †_‡KB HwZn¨

gwÛZ wQj| Gi cvk w`‡q eªþcyÎ b`x e‡q †M‡Q| GB MÖv‡g Cmv Luvi yM© wQj hv Avgiv c~‡e©B Rvb‡Z

cvwi| ¯’vbxq‡ì Kv‡Q GwU Cmv Luvi yM© wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| 1933 mv‡j GB AÂ‡j GKwU

cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| DrLb‡b GLv‡b Qvcvw¼Z †iŠc¨ gy ªv mn A‡bK cÖZœe ‘ cvIqv hvq| wKš‘ GB

DrLbb m¤ú‡K© Avi †Kvb Z_¨ cvIqv hvq bv ev DrLb‡bi †Kvb wjwLZ DcvË ev WKz‡g›U cvIqv hvq

bv| G Qvov GB HwZn¨gwÛZ MÖv‡g †Kvb D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cÖZœZvwË¡K AbymÜv‡bi Z_¨ c

HwZnvwmK‡ì avibv GMviwmÜzi Ae ’vb Kgc‡ÿ wLªóc~e© GKnvRvi eQ‡ii †P‡q cÖvPxb| ZvB Avgiv

gvVKg© wn‡m‡e GB AÂj‡K wbev©Pb Kwi|

Avgv‡ì gvVKg© wQj AbymÜvbg~jK ZvwË¡K M‡elYv| gvV ch©v‡qi M‡elYvi c~‡e© Avgv‡ì M‡elYvi

jÿ¨ wba©vib Kiv nq hv Avgv‡ì Kv‡Ri MwZ‡K mPj iv‡L|

ℵ Avgv‡ì M‡elYvi cÖavb jÿ¨ wQj G AÂ‡ji Qwo‡q wQwU‡q _vKv cÖZœ ’vb¸‡jv mbv

Rb¨ Avgiv G AÂjwU cv‡q †n‡U gvVKg© Kivi wmÜvšÍ †bB|

ℵ GB AÂjwU‡Z cÖvPxb RbemwZ wQj| wKš‘ Zvi †Kvb cÖZœZvwË¡K

gvVch©v‡q cÖZœe ‘ msMÖ‡ni †Póv Kivi wmÜvšÍ †bB|

, GMviwmÜzi

29

¯’vb wbe©vP‡bi KviY Luvi gmb‡` Avjv, gvbwms‡ni R½jevox, evsjv‡`‡ki me©e„nr C‡ì RvgvqvZ †kvjvwKqv E`Mvn ,

-eo AmsL¨ nvIi-evI‡qi †Rjv wK‡kviMÄ| cÖwZ eQ‡ii g‡Zv G eQi

Avgv‡ì gv÷v‡m©i gvVKg© wn‡m‡e GMviwmÜz MÖvgwU wbe©vPb Kwi| G Rb¨ Avgv‡ì wkÿiv Avgv‡`



cvwi| ¯’vbxq‡ì Kv‡Q GwU Cmv Luvi yM© wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| 1933 mv‡j GB AÂ‡j GKwU

cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| DrLb‡b GLv‡b Qvcvw¼Z †iŠc¨ gy`ªv mn A‡bK cÖZœe ‘ cvIqv hvq| wKš‘ GB


bv| G Qvov GB HwZn¨gwÛZ MÖv‡g †Kvb D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cÖZœZvwË¡K AbymÜv‡bi Z_¨ c

HwZnvwmK‡ì avibv GMviwmÜzi Ae ’vb Kgc‡ÿ wLªóc~e© GKnvRvi eQ‡ii †P‡q cÖvPxb| ZvB Avgiv

gvVKg© wn‡m‡e GB AÂj‡K wbev©Pb Kwi|

M‡elYvi jÿ¨ wba©viY


vib Kiv nq hv Avgv‡ì Kv‡Ri MwZ‡K mPj iv‡L| wb‡gœ Zv D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv

Avgv‡ì M‡elYvi cÖavb jÿ¨ wQj G AÂ‡ji Qwo‡q wQwU‡q _vKv cÖZœ ’vb¸‡jv mbv

Rb¨ Avgiv G AÂjwU cv‡q †n‡U gvVKg© Kivi wmÜvšÍ †bB|

GB AÂjwU‡Z cÖvPxb RbemwZ wQj| wKš‘ Zvi †Kvb cÖZœZvwË¡K wb`k©b †bB| ZvB Avgiv

gvVch©v‡q cÖZœe ‘ msMÖ‡ni †Póv Kivi wmÜvšÍ †bB|

Luvi gmb‡` Avjv, gvbwms‡ni R½jevox, evsjv‡`‡ki me©e„nr C‡ì RvgvqvZ †kvjvwKqv E`Mvn ,

cÖwZ eQ‡ii g‡Zv G eQi

Avgv‡ì gv÷v‡m©i gvVKg© wn‡m‡e GMviwmÜz MÖvgwU wbe©vPb Kwi| G Rb¨ Avgv‡ì wkÿiv Avgv‡ì



cvwi| ¯’vbxq‡ì Kv‡Q GwU Cmv Luvi yM© wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| 1933 mv‡j GB AÂ‡j GKwU DrLbb Kvh©

cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| DrLb‡b GLv‡b Qvcvw¼Z †iŠc¨ gy`ªv mn A‡bK cÖZœe¯‘ cvIqv hvq| wKš‘ GB


bv| G Qvov GB HwZn¨gwÛZ MÖv‡g †Kvb D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cÖZœZvwË¡K AbymÜv‡bi Z_¨ cvIqv hvq bv|

HwZnvwmK‡ì avibv GMviwmÜzi Ae¯’vb Kgc‡ÿ wLªóc~e© GKnvRvi eQ‡ii †P‡q cÖvPxb| ZvB Avgiv


L Kiv n‡jv-

Avgv‡ì M‡elYvi cÖavb jÿ¨ wQj G AÂ‡ji Qwo‡q wQwU‡q _vKv cÖZœ ’vb¸‡jv mbv³ Kiv| G

wb`k©b †bB| ZvB Avgiv


ℵ G AÂ‡ji Dch©y³ †Kvb ¯’v‡b Avgiv cixÿvg~jK wWM †Ìqvi wmÜvšÍ †bB| G Rb¨

ch©vß cwigvb cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ wb‡q hvB|

ℵ G AÂ‡ji emwZ weY¨vm wbb©q Kivi wmÜvšÍ †bB|

ℵ Avgiv Avgv‡ì Z_¨¸‡jv bw_fz

DcKi‡bi mvnv‡h¨ wjwLZ bw_fz

’vbxq‡ì mvÿvZKv‡ii gva¨‡g DcvË msMÖn Kwi|

ℵ ‡h‡nZz Gi mgqKvj m¤ú‡K© †Kvb avibv †bB ZvB Avgiv cÖZœ ’jmg~‡ni mgqKvj m¤‡Ü avibv

jv‡fi †Póv Kwi|

ℵ GB AÂ‡ji f~-cÖvK…wZK I eZ©gvb B‡KvjwRK¨vj cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Dcv`vb ch©‡e¶b Kiv|

ℵ GB AÂ‡ji cÖZœ ’‡ji we Í…

ℵ cÖvß I msM„nxZ cÖZœwb`k©b m¤‡Ü avibv jvf Kiv|

30

†Kvb ¯’v‡b Avgiv cixÿvg~jK wWM †Ìqvi wmÜvšÍ †bB| G Rb¨

ch©vß cwigvb cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ wb‡q hvB|

G AÂ‡ji emwZ weY¨vm wbb©q Kivi wmÜvšÍ †bB|

Avgiv Avgv‡ì Z_¨¸‡jv bw_fz³ Kivi Rb¨ dg© ˆZix, mv`v KvMR, Kjg mn G ai‡bi

DcKi‡bi mvnv‡h¨ wjwLZ bw_fz³KiY c×wZ †e‡Q †bB| cvkvcvwk d‡UvMÖvwd, wfwWI Ges

’vbxq‡ì mvÿvZKv‡ii gva¨‡g DcvË msMÖn Kwi|

‡h‡nZz Gi mgqKvj m¤ú‡K© †Kvb avibv †bB ZvB Avgiv cÖZœ ’jmg~‡ni mgqKvj m¤‡Ü avibv

cÖvK…wZK I eZ©gvb B‡KvjwRK¨vj cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Dcv`vb ch©‡e¶b Kiv|

GB AÂ‡ji cÖZœ ’‡ji we¯Í…wZ m¤ú‡K© avibv jvf Kiv|

cÖvß I msM„nxZ cÖZœwb`k©b m¤‡Ü avibv jvf Kiv|

†Kvb ¯’v‡b Avgiv cixÿvg~jK wWM †Ìqvi wmÜvšÍ †bB| G Rb¨

ivi Rb¨ dg© ˆZix, mv`v KvMR, Kjg mn G ai‡bi

KiY c×wZ †e‡Q †bB| cvkvcvwk d‡UvMÖvwd, wfwWI Ges

‡h‡nZz Gi mgqKvj m¤ú‡K© †Kvb avibv †bB ZvB Avgiv cÖZœ ’jmg~‡ni mgqKvj m¤‡Ü avibv

cÖvK…wZK I eZ©gvb B‡KvjwRK¨vj cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Dcv`vb ch©‡e¶b Kiv|


7 Avgiv Avgv‡ì M‡elYvi j‡ÿ Rwic c×wZ †e‡Q wb‡qwQ| KviY Avgv‡ì M‡elYvi D‡Ïk¨ c~i‡Yi

Rb¨ Rwic c×wZB me‡P‡q †ewk Dc‡hvMx|

mgvR weÁv‡b M‡elYv‡K wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb

GK. AbymÜvbg~jK M‡elYv :

mvwe©K AbymÜvb Kiv nq Ges Gi mgvav‡bi Rb¨ wK aib‡i ZË¡ Ges c×wZ MÖnb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Zv

wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq|

`yB. cixÿvg~jK M‡elYv : G ai‡bi M‡elYvq †Kvb we‡kl wel‡qi Kvh©KviY ev Ab¨ ai‡bi m~Î‡K

cixÿv Kiv nq| †hgb †Kvb KviLvbvq wK ai‡bi kÖwgK KvR Ki‡Q, Zv‡ì

A_©‰bwZK Ae ’A †Kgb, Zv‡ì mšÍvb‡ì cov‡jLv Kiv‡bv nq wKbv BZ¨vw` welq‡K cixÿv Kiv nq|

wZb. mgm¨v mgvav‡b ag©xq M‡elYv

Kiv nq|

Avgv‡ì M‡elYv cixÿvag©x ev mgm¨v mgvavbag©x bq| GwU GKwU A

Avgiv Avgv‡ì M‡elYv K‡qKwU av‡c mgvavb Kivi †Póv K‡iwQ| gvVK‡g© AbymÜvb Kivi c~‡e© Avgiv

wb¤œwjwLZ KvR¸‡jv m¤úv`b K‡iwQ| †hgb

� ‡kÖbx K‡ÿi Av‡jvPbv

Av‡jvPbv Kwi| wkÿK Avgv‡ì G m¤ú‡K© cÖ‡qvRbxq MvBW I cicgk© cÖ vb K‡ib| Gfv‡e

K‡qKevi †kÖbxK‡ÿ Av‡jvPbvi eë ’v Kiv nq|

� MÖnvšÍwiK M‡elYv

Avek¨Kxq| GwU eo AvKv‡i ev †QvU AvKv‡iI n‡Z cv‡i| Gi gva¨‡g M‡elYvi jÿ AR©i

A‡bK mnR nq| ¯’vb wbe©vP‡bi ci Avgiv M‡elYv AÂ‡ji m¤ú‡K© †Kvb wjwLZ Dcv`vb

, GMviwmÜzi

31

gvV c~e© KvR Avgiv Avgv‡ì M‡elYvi j‡ÿ Rwic c×wZ †e‡Q wb‡qwQ| KviY Avgv‡ì M‡elYvi D‡Ïk¨ c~i‡Yi

Rb¨ Rwic c×wZB me‡P‡q †ewk Dc‡hvMx|

mgvR weÁv‡b M‡elYv‡K wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb

AbymÜvbg~jK M‡elYv : G aib‡i M‡elYvq †Kvb AcwiwPZ ev ¯í cwiwPZ welq ev mgm¨vi

we©K AbymÜvb Kiv nq Ges Gi mgvav‡bi Rb¨ wK aib‡i ZË¡ Ges c×wZ MÖnb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Zv

: G ai‡bi M‡elYvq †Kvb we‡kl wel‡qi Kvh©KviY ev Ab¨ ai‡bi m~Î‡K

cixÿv Kiv nq| †hgb †Kvb KviLvbvq wK ai‡bi kÖwgK KvR Ki‡Q, Zv‡ì


mgm¨v mgvav‡b ag©xq M‡elYv : G aib‡i M‡elYvq wbw ©ó GKwU welq‡K mvg‡b †i‡L mgvavb

Avgv‡ì M‡elYv cixÿvag©x ev mgm¨v mgvavbag©x bq| GwU GKwU AbymÜvbg~jK ZvwË¡K M‡elYv|


wb¤œwjwLZ KvR¸‡jv m¤úv`b K‡iwQ| †hgb

‡kÖbx K‡ÿi Av‡jvPbv : cÖ_‡gB Avgiv Avgv‡ì wkÿKmn QvÎQvÎx‡ì wb‡q cÖZœ ’vb m¤ú‡K©


K‡qKevi †kÖbxK‡ÿ Av‡jvPbvi eë ’v Kiv nq|

: †h †Kvb M‡elYvi Rb¨ cÖ_g c`‡ÿc wn‡m‡e MÖnvšÍwiK M‡elYv



Avgiv Avgv‡ì M‡elYvi j‡ÿ Rwic c×wZ †e‡Q wb‡qwQ| KviY Avgv‡ì M‡elYvi D‡Ïk¨ c~i‡Yi

G aib‡i M‡elYvq †Kvb AcwiwPZ ev ¯í cwiwPZ welq ev mgm¨vi

we©K AbymÜvb Kiv nq Ges Gi mgvav‡bi Rb¨ wK aib‡i ZË¡ Ges c×wZ MÖnb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Zv

: G ai‡bi M‡elYvq †Kvb we‡kl wel‡qi Kvh©KviY ev Ab¨ ai‡bi m~Î‡K

cixÿv Kiv nq| †hgb †Kvb KviLvbvq wK ai‡bi kÖwgK KvR Ki‡Q, Zv‡ì ˆjw½K, mvgvwRK


: G aib‡i M‡elYvq wbw ©ó GKwU welq‡K mvg‡b †i‡L mgvavb

bymÜvbg~jK ZvwË¡K M‡elYv|


: cÖ_‡gB Avgiv Avgv‡ì wkÿKmn QvÎQvÎx‡ì wb‡q cÖZœ ’vb m¤ú‡K©


: †h †Kvb M‡elYvi Rb¨ cÖ_g c`‡ÿc wn‡m‡e MÖnvšÍwiK M‡elYv




Av‡Q wKbv Zv Rvbv Ges M‡elYv AÂj m¤ú‡K© c~e© AwfÁZv AR©‡bi j‡ÿ wWcvU©‡g›U

jvB‡eªix mn wewfbœ jvB‡eªix‡

� c~e©eZ©x DrLbb Kg© : 1933 mv‡j GLv‡b DrLbb Kvh© cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| wKš‘ Gi †Kvb

we ÍvwiZ Z_¨ Rvbv hvqwb (m~Î evsjvwcwWqv)| GQvovI G AÂ‡j Aveyj Kvjvg ‡gvnv¤§`

hvKvwiqv mn A‡bK e¨w

AbymÜvbg~jK Kv‡Ri Z_¨ cvIqv hvqwb|

� gvbwPÎ : gvbwPÎ cÖZœZvwË¡ M‡elYvi Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~b© Dcv`

¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨ w`‡Z cv‡i, we‡kl K‡i cÖZœ ’v‡bi †Kvb ai‡bi f~ZvwË¡K cwieZ©b, b`

Ae ’vb, w`K cwieZ©b, Awfevmb, wbKUeZx© cvwbi Drm wn‡m‡e Lvj, we‡j

Rvbv hvq| ZvB Avgiv wd‡ì hvIqvi c~‡e© H AÂ‡ji g¨vc msMÖn K‡i †bB|

� AvKvk Av‡jvKwPÎ ch©‡eÿY

gva¨‡g G AT‡ji †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae ’vb m¤ú‡K© avibv cvB hv Avgv‡ì M‡elbv A‡bKvs‡k

GwM‡q wb‡q hvq|

� mv‡f© wWRvBb : wd‡ì hvIqvi c~‡e© Avgiv gvVKg© m¤úv`‡bi GKwU iæc‡iLv ˆZix Kwi|

cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki KvR wba©vib, wKfv‡e WvUv †iKW© Kiv n‡e, cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ mn me wKQzi GKwU

c~e© cwiKíbv K‡i †bB|

� AÂjwUi m¤úwK©Z †Kvb wg_

Gi Rb¨ ’vbxq wKQz e¨w³

hy³| ZeyI KLbI KLbI Gme wg_ Gi gva¨‡g H AÂ‡ji A‡bK Z_¨ Rvbv hvq| †hgb G

AÂ‡ji GMvi Rb cx‡ii Ae¯’v‡bi Kvi‡b GB MÖv‡gi bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q GMviwmÜz hv ’vbxq

RbMb †_‡K Rvbv hvq|

� Ab¨vb¨ wjwLZ eb©bv : cÖ‡qvRbxq Kv‡Ri wjwLZ eY©bvI Avgiv m‡½ wb‡q hvB|

� mvBU †iKwW©s dg© : Avgiv GKwU mvBU †iKwW©s dg© ˆZix Kwi Z_¨ msMÖn Kivi Rb¨|

32


jvB‡eªix mn wewfbœ jvB‡eªix‡Z AbymÜvb K‡iwQ|

© : 1933 mv‡j GLv‡b DrLbb Kvh© cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| wKš‘ Gi †Kvb


hvKvwiqv mn A‡bK e¨w³ AbymÜvb K‡i †M‡Qb| wKš‘ hvKvwiqv Qvov Avi Kv‡iv †Kvb

~jK Kv‡Ri Z_¨ cvIqv hvqwb|

: gvbwPÎ cÖZœZvwË¡ M‡elYvi Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~b© Dcv`vb| gvbwPÎ cÖZœZvwË¡K‡K LyeB

Z¡c~Y© Z_¨ w`‡Z cv‡i, we‡kl K‡i cÖZœ ’v‡bi †Kvb ai‡bi f~ZvwË¡K cwieZ©b, b`

Ae ’vb, w`K cwieZ©b, Awfevmb, wbKUeZx© cvwbi Drm wn‡m‡e Lvj, we‡j


AvKvk Av‡jvKwPÎ ch©‡eÿY : ¸Mj Av_© Gi gva¨‡g G AÂ‡ji GKwU Gwiqvj wfD †bB| Gi

gva¨‡g G AT‡ji †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K© avibv cvB hv Avgv‡ì M‡elbv A‡bKvs‡k

: wd‡ì hvIqvi c~‡e© Avgiv gvVKg© m¤úv`‡bi GKwU iæc‡iLv ˆZix Kwi|


c~e© cwiKíbv K‡i †bB|

AÂjwUi m¤úwK©Z †Kvb wg_ : Avgiv GB AÂ‡ji †Kvb wg_ Av‡Q wKbv Zv hvbvi †Póv K

Gi Rb¨ ’vbxq wKQz e¨w³‡ì mvnvh¨ †bB| hwÌ Gme wg_¸‡jv A‡bKvs‡k Mí Kvwnbx Øviv

ZeyI KLbI KLbI Gme wg_ Gi gva¨‡g H AÂ‡ji A‡bK Z_¨ Rvbv hvq| †hgb G

AÂ‡ji GMvi Rb cx‡ii Ae¯’v‡bi Kvi‡b GB MÖv‡gi bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q GMviwmÜz hv ’vbxq

AbymÜv‡bi gva¨‡g GLv‡b Avgiv A‡bK¸‡jv AÁvZ Kei cvB|

: cÖ‡qvRbxq Kv‡Ri wjwLZ eY©bvI Avgiv m‡½ wb‡q hvB|

Avgiv GKwU mvBU †iKwW©s dg© ˆZix Kwi Z_¨ msMÖn Kivi Rb¨|


© : 1933 mv‡j GLv‡b DrLbb Kvh© cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| wKš‘ Gi †Kvb


AbymÜvb K‡i †M‡Qb| wKš‘ hvKvwiqv Qvov Avi Kv‡iv †Kvb

vb| gvbwPÎ cÖZœZvwË¡K‡K LyeB

Z¡c~Y© Z_¨ w`‡Z cv‡i, we‡kl K‡i cÖZœ ’v‡bi †Kvb ai‡bi f~ZvwË¡K cwieZ©b, b`-b`xi

Ae ’vb, w`K cwieZ©b, Awfevmb, wbKUeZx© cvwbi Drm wn‡m‡e Lvj, we‡ji Ae ’vb cÖf„wZ


: ¸Mj Av_© Gi gva¨‡g G AÂ‡ji GKwU Gwiqvj wfD †bB| Gi

gva¨‡g G AT‡ji †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K© avibv cvB hv Avgv‡ì M‡elbv A‡bKvs‡k

: wd‡ì hvIqvi c~‡e© Avgiv gvVKg© m¤úv`‡bi GKwU iæc‡iLv ˆZix Kwi|


Avgiv GB AÂ‡ji †Kvb wg_ Av‡Q wKbv Zv hvbvi †Póv Kwi|

‡ì mvnvh¨ †bB| hwÌ Gme wg_¸‡jv A‡bKvs‡k Mí Kvwnbx Øviv

ZeyI KLbI KLbI Gme wg_ Gi gva¨‡g H AÂ‡ji A‡bK Z_¨ Rvbv hvq| †hgb G

AÂ‡ji GMvi Rb cx‡ii Ae ’v‡bi Kvi‡b GB MÖv‡gi bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q GMviwmÜz hv ’vbxq

AbymÜv‡bi gva¨‡g GLv‡b Avgiv A‡bK¸‡jv AÁvZ Kei cvB|

: cÖ‡qvRbxq Kv‡Ri wjwLZ eY©bvI Avgiv m‡½ wb‡q hvB|

Avgiv GKwU mvBU †iKwW©s dg© ˆZix Kwi Z_¨ msMÖn Kivi Rb¨|


Field Survey in Pakundia, KishoregangSurvey Data Collection sheetDepartment of ArchaeologyJahangirnagar University

Name of the Site: Site Code: Geo Coordinates: Lat Long Location: Upazilla: Thana Union: Village: Mouza, G. L No, S.L No :Descriptive Location : Owner of the Site: Brief History:

, GMviwmÜzi

33

Field Survey in Pakundia, Kishoregang Collection sheet

Department of Archaeology Jahangirnagar University

Lat Long

Upazilla: Thana: Union: Village: Mouza, G. L No, S.L No :

Descriptive Location :


8 Avgiv †hfv‡e Avgv‡ì gvVKg© m¤úv`b K‡iwQ Zv wb‡b¥ D‡jøL Kiv nj :

� cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ : gvV Kg© m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ Avgiv Avgv‡ì cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ wb‡q hvB|

G¸‡jv nj wewfbœ ai‡Yi wdì K¨v‡giv

†j‡ej†¯‹i, i“jvi, R¨vwgwZK bKkvi miÄvg

wcÖR‡gwUK K¤úvm, ‡QvU †bvU eyK

eo eªvk, wb`k©Y ivLvi e¨vM

I MÖvd kxU cÖf„wZ Gi Aš

� cvu‡q nvUv : cÖZœ ’v‡b cvu‡q †n‡U f~wgi Dcwifv‡M cÖvß cÖZœe ‘i aib †`‡L Ges cwigvY †`‡L

GKRb cÖZœZvwË¡K H cÖZœ ’vb m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB Avgiv cv‡q †n‡U cÖZœ ’vb

mbv³ Kivi †Póv K‡iwQ|

� cÖZœ ’vb wPwýZKiY : Avgv‡ì M‡elYvq Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni cÖavb Drm wQj cv‡q †n‡U ågY Ges

ch©‡eÿY| G Rb¨ Avgiv GMviwmÜz MÖvg Ny‡iwQ| GB MÖv‡g cÖvq 30wUi †ewk ‡ÿÎ mbv

K‡iwQ| cÖ‡Z¨K ’v‡bi Av‡jvKwPÎ, wRwcm WvUv mn wewfbœ aib‡i WvUv msMÖn Kwi| Gi

Av‡jv‡K Avgv‡ì wi‡cvU© Dc¯’vcb K‡iwQ|

� mvBU †iKwW©s dg© c~iY :

dg© Abyhvqx c~iY K‡iwQ|

� mvi‡dm Kv‡jKkb : cv‡q †n‡U åg‡Yi mgq f~wg‡Z `„k¨gvb cÖZœe ‘ msMÖn Kwi Ges Zv cwj

e¨v‡M U¨vM w`‡q msiÿY Kwi|

� K›Uzi : Cmv Lvi ~M© Z_v cxi MwieyjøvM gvRv‡ii DuPz wXwei K›Uzi g¨vc Kwi| Gi gva¨‡g Gi

f~wgi eÜziZv wbb©q Kiv hvq| GB ’v‡bi K›Uzi Kivi Kvib nj, hwÌ GjvKvevmx‡ì g‡Z

GwU Cmv Luvi ~M© wKš‘ Avgiv GLv‡b GKwU aŸsmve‡kl ¯’vc‡Zï bgybv †c‡qwQ|

34

gvVKg© gvVKg© m¤úv`b K‡iwQ Zv wb‡b¥ D‡jøL Kiv nj :

gvV Kg© m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ Avgiv Avgv‡ì cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ wb‡q hvB|

wewfbœ ai‡Yi wdì K¨v‡giv †cøb †Uwej (÷¨vÛmn), Wªwqs †evW©

R¨vwgwZK bKkvi miÄvg, Wªwqs †cwÝj, Kvwj I Kjg

‡QvU †bvU eyK, wcK ev MvBwZ, †ejPv, †jvnvi KovB, Uªwj†Kvb gvcK

wb`k©Y ivLvi e¨vM, ’vqx Kvwj, Kjg/gvK©vi, cwjw_b e¨vM, wb`k©b †iKW© Kivi LvZv

cÖf„wZ Gi Aš—f©~³|

cvu‡q †n‡U f~wgi Dcwifv‡M cÖvß cÖZœe ‘i aib †`‡L Ges cwigvY †`‡L


Kivi †Póv K‡iwQ|

Avgv‡ì M‡elYvq Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni cÖavb Drm wQj cv‡q †n‡U ågY Ges

ÿY| G Rb¨ Avgiv GMviwmÜz MÖvg Ny‡iwQ| GB MÖv‡g cÖvq 30wUi †ewk ‡ÿÎ mbv


Av‡jv‡K Avgv‡ì wi‡cvU© Dc¯’vcb K‡iwQ|

: Avgiv GKwU mvBU †iKwW©s dg© ˆZix K‡iwQ Ges

dg© Abyhvqx c~iY K‡iwQ|

cv‡q †n‡U åg‡Yi mgq f~wg‡Z „k¨gvb cÖZœe ‘ msMÖn Kwi Ges Zv cwj

e¨v‡M U¨vM w`‡q msiÿY Kwi|

Cmv Lvi ~M© Z_v cxi MwieyjøvM gvRv‡ii DuPz wXwei K›Uzi g¨vc Kwi| Gi gva¨‡g Gi

wbb©q Kiv hvq| GB ¯’v‡bi K›Uzi Kivi Kvib nj, hwÌ GjvKvevmx‡ì g‡Z


gvV Kg© m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ Avgiv Avgv‡ì cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ wb‡q hvB|

Wªwqs †evW©, †Uc, evej

Kvwj I Kjg, MÖvd wmU,

Uªwj†Kvb gvcK, †QvU

wb`k©b †iKW© Kivi LvZv

cvu‡q †n‡U f~wgi Dcwifv‡M cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘i aib †`‡L Ges cwigvY †`‡L


Avgv‡ì M‡elYvq Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni cÖavb Drm wQj cv‡q †n‡U ågY Ges

ÿY| G Rb¨ Avgiv GMviwmÜz MÖvg Ny‡iwQ| GB MÖv‡g cÖvq 30wUi †ewk ‡ÿÎ mbv³


Avgiv GKwU mvBU †iKwW©s dg© ˆZix K‡iwQ Ges cÖ‡Z¨K ¯’v‡bi Z_¨

cv‡q †n‡U åg‡Yi mgq f~wg‡Z „k¨gvb cÖZœe¯‘ msMÖn Kwi Ges Zv cwj

Cmv Lvi ~M© Z_v cxi MwieyjøvM gvRv‡ii DuPz wXwei K›Uzi g¨vc Kwi| Gi gva¨‡g Gi

wbb©q Kiv hvq| GB ¯’v‡bi K›Uzi Kivi Kvib nj, hwÌ GjvKvevmx‡ì g‡Z



� ’vc‡Zï cwigvc wbb©q

Zvi GKwU cwigvc wb‡qwQ| we‡kl K‡i gmwR

� AbymÜvbg~jK DrLbb

cwigvY Ges me‡P‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq n‡jv cÖZœZvwË¡K wK ai‡bi Z_¨ AbymÜvb Ki‡Qb Zvi cÖK…wZi

Dci| AbymÜvb g~jK DrLbb `yB cÖKv‡ii, h_v:

(K) Test pit Ñ mvaviYZ 1

Deposite Gi MfxiZv I Í

Rb¨ Test pit Kiv nq|

(L) Test Trench Ñ GwU mvaviYZ j¤v bvjvi gZ n‡q _v‡K|

D‡Ïk¨ cÖvq GKB ai‡bi|

Avgiv GLv‡bI GKwU

†U÷ wcU †bB| GwU cyKzi

cv‡o †bIqv nq| GwU

†bIqvi Kvib nj cyKz‡ii

Av‡kcv‡k cÖPzi cwigv‡b

g„rcv‡Îi fv½v Ask

cvIqv hvq| ZvB Avgiv

GLv‡bi Íi web¨vm

mbv³KiY I cixÿvg~jK DrLbb Kwi|

� ‡mKkb WªBs : Mwieyjøvn gvRv‡ii c

WªBs Kwi|

, GMviwmÜzi

35

’vc‡Zï cwigvc wbb©q : Avgiv GMviwmÜz MÖv‡g hZ¸‡jv aŸsmve‡kl ¯’vcZ¨ †c‡qwQ

Zvi GKwU cwigvc wb‡qwQ| we‡kl K‡i gmwR` I gw›ì ’vcZ¨¸‡jvi|

AbymÜvbg~jK DrLbb : AbymÜvbg~jK DrLbb wbf©i K‡i cÖZœ ’v‡bi AvK…wZ, A_©, mg‡qi


Dci| AbymÜvb g~jK DrLbb `yB cÖKv‡ii, h_v:

Ñ mvaviYZ 1�1 wg ¯’vb Ry‡o Lbb Kiv nq Ges Test pit

Gi MfxiZv I Íivqb eySevi Rb¨ Ges wbw`©ó ¯’vcwZ¨K KvVv‡gv‡K wPwýZ Kivi

Kiv nq|

Ñ GwU mvaviYZ j¤v bvjvi gZ n‡q _v‡K| Test Pit I Test Trench

D‡Ïk¨ cÖvq GKB ai‡bi|

Avgiv GLv‡bI GKwU

†U÷ wcU †bB| GwU cyKzi

cv‡o †bIqv nq| GwU

†bIqvi Kvib nj cyKz‡ii

Av‡kcv‡k cÖPzi cwigv‡b

g„rcv‡Îi fv½v Ask

cvIqv hvq| ZvB Avgiv

GLv‡bi Íi web¨vm

mbv³KiY I cixÿvg~jK DrLbb Kwi|

Mwieyjøvn gvRv‡ii cwðg cv‡ki cyKz‡i cixÿvg~jK DrLb‡bi GKwU †mgkb

Avgiv GMviwmÜz MÖv‡g hZ¸‡jv aŸsmve‡kl ¯’vcZ¨ †c‡qwQ

` I gw›ì ’vcZ¨¸‡jvi|

AbymÜvbg~jK DrLbb wbf©i K‡i cÖZœ ’v‡bi AvK…wZ, A_©, mg‡qi


Test pit Kiv nq| mvaviYZ

ivqb eySevi Rb¨ Ges wbw`©ó ’vcwZ¨K KvVv‡gv‡K wPwýZ Kivi

Test Pit I Test Trench Kivi

wðg cv‡ki cyKz‡i cixÿvg~jK DrLb‡bi GKwU †mgkb


� bw_fz³KiY : G QvovI Avgiv ¯’vbxq‡ì mv‡_ K_v e‡j wewfbœ aib‡i WvUv mv`v KvM‡R

bw_fz³ Kwi|

36

G QvovI Avgiv ’vbxq‡ì mv‡_ K_v e‡j wewfbœ aib‡i WvUv mv`v KvM‡R G QvovI Avgiv ’vbxq‡ì mv‡_ K_v e‡j wewfbœ aib‡i WvUv mv`v KvM‡R


9 AbymÜvbK…Z cÖZœ ’v‡bi weeiY

1. kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR`

Ae ’vb : kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR` wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi cvKzw›`qv _vbi GMviwmÜz MÖv‡g Aew ’Z|

Aÿvsk I ªvwNgvsk : 24

mvBU †KvW : SSM

eb©bv : avivevwnK ms¯‹v‡ii d‡j gmwR`wU eZ©gv‡b fvj Ae ’vq wU‡K Av‡Q| c~e© w`‡K GKwU

cÖ‡ekc_ mn wbPz cÖvPxi †Niv mvgvb¨ DPz GKwU cøvUd‡g©i Dci

gmwR`wU ’vwcZ| cÖ‡ekc_wU ‡`vPvjv Qv` wewkó GKwU

AvqZKvi KvVv‡gv| g~j gmwR`wU eM©vKvi Ges †fZ‡ii w`K

w`‡q Gi cÖwZ cv‡k¦i gvc 5.79 wgUvi| ewn©fv‡M Pvi‡Kv‡b PviwU

Aóf~RvKvi eyiæR i‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU eyiæR gmwR‡ì Qv` Qwo‡q

†ek LvbwKUv Dc‡i D‡V †M‡Q|G¸‡jvi kxl© QÎx mn wb‡iU †QvU

M¤^y‡R mgvß n‡q‡Q| c~‡e© G¸‡ji kx‡l© Kjm AvK„wZ †kvwfZ

wQj hvi cÖgvb GLbI `wÿY-

†`Lv hvq| gmwR‡ì c~e© w`‡K wZbwU wLjvb c_ i‡q‡Q,

‡h¸‡jvi m¤§yLfvM LuvRhy³|

wLjvb c_ i‡q‡Q| cwðg ‡`qv‡j i‡q‡Q wZbwU

, GMviwmÜzi

37

AbymÜvbK…Z cÖZœ ’v‡bi weeiY ag©xq ¯’vcZ¨ (gmwR`)

kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR` wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi cvKzw›`qv _vbi GMviwmÜz MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z|

24º15.41 DËi I 90 º 39.50 c~e©

avivevwnK ms¯‹v‡ii d‡j gmwR`wU eZ©gv‡b fvj Ae ’vq wU‡K Av‡Q| c~e© w`‡K GKwU

cÖ‡ekc_ mn wbPz cÖvPxi †Niv mvgvb¨ DPz GKwU cøvUd‡g©i Dci

gmwR`wU ’vwcZ| cÖ‡ekc_wU ‡`vPvjv Qv` wewkó GKwU

AvqZKvi KvVv‡gv| g~j gmwR`wU eM©vKvi Ges †fZ‡ii w`K

gvc 5.79 wgUvi| ewn©fv‡M Pvi‡Kv‡b PviwU

Aóf~RvKvi eyiæR i‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU eyiæR gmwR‡ì Qv` Qwo‡q

†ek LvbwKUv Dc‡i D‡V †M‡Q|G¸‡jvi kxl© QÎx mn wb‡iU †QvU

M¤^y‡R mgvß n‡q‡Q| c~‡e© G¸‡ji kx‡l© Kjm AvK„wZ †kvwfZ

wQj hvi cÖgvb GLbI `wÿY-cwðg †Kv‡Yi GKwU eyiæ‡R GLbI

†`Lv hvq| gmwR‡ì c~e© w`‡K wZbwU wLjvb c_ i‡q‡Q,

³| DËi I `wÿY †gqv‡j GKwU K‡i

wLjvb c_ i‡q‡Q| cwðg ‡`qv‡j i‡q‡Q wZbwU wPÎ : kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR‡ì f~wg bK&kv

kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR` wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi cvKzw›`qv _vbi GMviwmÜz MÖv‡g Aew ’Z|

avivevwnK ms¯‹v‡ii d‡j gmwR`wU eZ©gv‡b fvj Ae ’vq wU‡K Av‡Q| c~e© w`‡K GKwU

wPÎ : kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR‡ì f~wg bK&kv


wgnive| †Kw› ªq wgnive Aóf~RvK…wZi Ges evKx ywU AvqZKvi|

wLjvbc_ Zv‡ì evKx y‡Uv †_‡K AvqZ‡b e„nr| gmwR‡ì m¤§yLfv‡M wZbwU wLjvbc_ Ges †Kw› ªq

wgniv‡ei mvg‡b i‡q‡Q PviwU d«Èb| G¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨K cv‡k i‡q‡Q Avj¼wiK ÿz ª wgbvi|

ewn©fv‡Mi wgbvi¸wj c¨viv‡cU Qvwo‡q D

†gvMj ixwZi Avbyf~wgK| gmwR‡ì Qv` Aóf~RvK…wZi Wªv‡gi Dci ’vwcZ wekvj GK M¤yR Øviv

Av”Qvw`Z| M¤yR kxl© we Í…Z cÙ I Kjm Pzov Øviv †kvwfZ| ¯‹zBÂ c×wZ‡Z gmwR‡ì M¤yR emv‡bv

n‡q‡Q| gmwR`wU cøv÷vi I †cvovgv

i‡q‡Q wLjvbmvwi c¨v‡b‡ji Avbyf~wgK mvwi, hv jZv cvZv †gvwUd AjsK…Z †cvovgvwUi bKkv Øviv

êwkógwÛZ| c~e©w`‡Ki wZbwU cÖ‡ekc_ Avw`‡Z †cvovgvwUi djK Øviv AjsK…Z wQj, hv GLbI

38

wgnive| †Kw› ªq wgnive Aóf~RvK…wZi Ges evKx ywU AvqZKvi| †Kw› ªq wgnive Ges †Kw›`ªq

wLjvbc_ Zv‡ì evKx y‡Uv †_‡K AvqZ‡b e„nr| gmwR‡ì m¤§yLfv‡M wZbwU wLjvbc_ Ges †Kw› ªq

wgniv‡ei mvg‡b i‡q‡Q PviwU d«Èb| G¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨K cv‡k i‡q‡Q Avj¼wiK ÿz ª wgbvi|

wPÎ : kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR`

ewn©fv‡Mi wgbvi¸wj c¨viv‡cU Qvwo‡q Dc‡i D‡Q †M‡Q| gmwR‡ì c¨viv‡cU I Kvwb©m¸‡jv cÖPwjZ


Av”Qvw`Z| M¤yR kxl© we Í…Z cÙ I Kjm Pzov Øviv †kvwfZ| ¯‹zBÂ c×wZ‡Z gmwR‡ì M¤yR emv‡bv

n‡q‡Q| gmwR`wU cøv÷vi I †cvovgvwUi dj‡Ki mgš‡q mw¾Z| gmwR`wUi c~e© d¨vmv‡ì DfqcÖv‡šÍ



†Kw›`ªq wgnive Ges †Kw› ªq

wLjvbc_ Zv‡ì evKx y‡Uv †_‡K AvqZ‡b e„nr| gmwR‡ì m¤§yLfv‡M wZbwU wLjvbc_ Ges †Kw›`ªq

wgniv‡ei mvg‡b i‡q‡Q PviwU d«Èb| G¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨K cv‡k i‡q‡Q Avj¼wiK ÿz`ª wgbvi|

c‡i D‡Q †M‡Q| gmwR‡ì c¨viv‡cU I Kvwb©m¸‡jv cÖPwjZ


Av”Qvw`Z| M¤yR kxl© we Í…Z cÙ I Kjm Pzov Øviv †kvwfZ| ¯‹zBÂ c×wZ‡Z gmwR‡ì M¤^yR emv‡bv

wUi dj‡Ki mgš‡q mw¾Z| gmwR`wUi c~e© d¨vmv‡ì DfqcÖv‡šÍ




wRY©ve ’vq †Kw› ªq wLjvb c‡_

AvqZKvi c¨v‡b‡ji AMfxi bKkvq mw¾Z| Pvi †Kv‡Yi eyiæR¸wj DwÌZ eÜbx Øviv wef

G‡ì cjKvUv QÎx e× wLjvb †gvwUd Øviv AjsK…Z| AwfwÿZ d«›U‡bi ÿz`ª wgbvi¸wj KjKx AvK…wZi

†c‡hóvjhy³| c¨viv‡cU I Aóf’RvK…wZi Wªvg

me wgniveB †cvovgwUi djK Øviv mw¾Z| wgnive¸‡jv wLjvbvK…wZi Ges m¤§yLfvM en& LvR wewkó|

wgnive wLjv‡bi fvi enbKvix †Ìqvj Af¨šÍišÍ Í¤¢¸wj cvcwo bKkvi wd«R m¤wjZ Avj¼wiK eÜbx

Øviv mw¾Z|wLjvb¸wji ¯úªv‡W‡j eZ©gv‡b bKkv wenxb g‡b n

Aj¼…Z wQj| mg¯Í wgnive GKwc AvqZKvi KvVv‡gvi g‡a¨ b¨v¯Í| †Kw›`ªq wgniv‡ei AvqZKvi †d«‡gi

kx‡l© dzj mn †QvU †QvU Mv‡Qi bKkvq mw¾Z GK mvwi wLjvb Kzjyw½ i‡q‡Q|

gmwR`wU AjsK…Z ÿz`ª wgbvi mg„× Awfwÿß Pvi Aÿxq d«›U‡bi Rb¨ we‡

cv‡i| GB ixwZwU m¤¢eZ cvi‡mï cÖfv‡e cÖfvweZ DËi fvi‡Zi d‡Zncyi wmwµ, AvMÖv I w`wjøi

g‡vMj ixwZi Pvi Aÿxq BIqvb ixwZi cÖ‡ekc_ †L‡K M„nxZ| Avi GB we‡kl êwkó¨ I f~wg bKkvi

Kvi‡b GwU XvKvi AvjøvKzix gmwR` (Avby. 1680 wLª.) Gi mv‡_ Zz

16

evwi, Gg G, evsjvwcwWqv, LÛ-9, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 315 I evwi, Gg G, Gg †nvmb, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 288|

, GMviwmÜzi

39

wRY©ve ’vq †Kw› ªq wLjvb c‡_ msiwÿZ Av‡Q| evwK wZbwU †`qv‡ji ewn©fvM eM©vKvi I

AvqZKvi c¨v‡b‡ji AMfxi bKkvq mw¾Z| Pvi †Kv‡Yi eyiæR¸wj DwÌZ eÜbx Øviv wef

G‡ì cjKvUv QÎx e× wLjvb †gvwUd Øviv AjsK…Z| AwfwÿZ d«›U‡bi ÿz`ª wgbvi¸wj KjKx AvK…wZi

c¨viv‡cU I Aóf’RvK…wZi Wªvg e× gvi‡jvb wd«R bKkvq mw¾Z|



Øviv mw¾Z|wLjvb¸wji ¯úªv‡W‡j eZ©gv‡b bKkv wenxb g‡b n‡jI c~‡e© GLv‡b †cvovgvwUi djK Øviv

Aj¼…Z wQj| mg Í wgnive GKwc AvqZKvi KvVv‡gvi g‡a¨ b¨v Í| †Kw›`ªq wgniv‡ei AvqZKvi †d«‡gi

kx‡l© dzj mn †QvU †QvU Mv‡Qi bKkvq mw¾Z GK mvwi wLjvb Kzjyw½ i‡q‡Q|

gmwR`wU AjsK…Z ÿz`ª wgbvi mg„× Awfwÿß Pvi Aÿxq d«›U‡bi Rb¨ we‡klfv‡e D‡jø‡Li `vwe Ki‡Z



Kvi‡b GwU XvKvi AvjøvKzix gmwR` (Avby. 1680 wLª.) Gi mv‡_ Zzjbxq|16

wPÎ : kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR‡ì AjsKiY

9, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 315 I evwi, Gg G,

Gg †nvmb, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 288|

msiwÿZ Av‡Q| evwK wZbwU †`qv‡ji ewn©fvM eM©vKvi I

AvqZKvi c¨v‡b‡ji AMfxi bKkvq mw¾Z| Pvi †Kv‡Yi eyiæR¸wj DwÌZ eÜbx Øviv wef³ Ges

G‡ì cjKvUv QÎx e× wLjvb †gvwUd Øviv AjsK…Z| AwfwÿZ d«›U‡bi ÿz ª wgbvi¸wj KjKx AvK…wZi

e× gvi‡jvb wd«R bKkvq mw¾Z|



‡jI c~‡e© GLv‡b †cvovgvwUi djK Øviv

Aj¼…Z wQj| mg Í wgnive GKwc AvqZKvi KvVv‡gvi g‡a¨ b¨v Í| †Kw› ªq wgniv‡ei AvqZKvi †d«‡gi

klfv‡e D‡jø‡Li `vwe Ki‡Z



wPÎ : kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR‡ì AjsKiY

9, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 315 I evwi, Gg G, ’vcZ¨, m¤úv. G we


†`vPvjv Ni : gmwR‡ì †ZviY wn‡m‡e wbwg©Z DËi

AvqZb 25©*13©-8©©| N‡ii wVK gvSLvb w`‡q cÖ‡ek c_| c~e© †`qvj ìRv I Rvbvjvi AvKv‡i wbwg©Z

Kzjyw½ I c¨v‡bj Øviv †kvwfZ| Dc‡ii cvKv Qv` wVK evOjvi Kzu‡o N‡ii gZ| G ai‡bi †`vPvjv

N‡ii ga¨ w`‡q cÖ‡ekc‡_i m„wó GK Awfbe‡Z¡i m~Pbv K‡i‡Q| GB †`vPvjv cÖ‡ekc_wUi mv‡_ †MŠ‡o

wbwg©Z d‡Zn kv‡ni mgvwai ûeû mv ªk¨ i‡q‡Q| avibv Kiv nq 1657

mgvwa AbyKi‡b GB gmwR`wU wbg©vb Kiv nq|

Kei : gmwR‡ì Avw½bvi GKav‡i †ek K‡qKwU cÖvPxb cvKv Kei Av‡Q| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨

gmwR` wbg©vZv kvn †gvnv¤§‡ì KeiI Av‡Q e‡j ’vbxq Awaevmx‡ì KvQ †_‡K Rvbv hvq|

wkjvwjwc : gmwR‡` GKwU wkjvwjwc wQj| †mwU nvwi‡q hvIqvi d‡j G gmwR` K‡i wbwg©Z

n‡qwQj, Zvi mwVZ mb-ZvwiL ejv

wbwg©Z n‡qwQj| ’vbxq Awaevmx‡ì KvQ †_‡K hvbv hvq †h, kvn †gvnv¤§` bv‡g GKRb ì‡ek G

gmwR` wbg©vb K‡iwQ‡jb|18

17

nvmvb, W. ˆmq` gvngy`yj, evsjv‡`‡ki gymwjg cyivvKxwZ18

hvKvwiqv, Aveyj Kvjvg †gvnv¤§`, evsjv‡`‡ki cÖZœm¤ú`,

40

gmwR‡ì †ZviY wn‡m‡e wbwg©Z DËi-`wÿ‡Y j¤v GB †`vPvjv N‡ii

8©©| N‡ii wVK gvSLvb w`‡q cÖ‡ek c_| c~e© †`qvj ìRv I Rvbvjvi AvKv‡i wbwg©Z


‡_i m„wó GK Awfbe‡Z¡i m~Pbv K‡i‡Q| GB †`vPvjv cÖ‡ekc_wUi mv‡_ †MŠ‡o

wbwg©Z d‡Zn kv‡ni mgvwai ûeû mv ªk¨ i‡q‡Q| avibv Kiv nq 1657-1660 wLªóv‡ã wbwg©Z GB

mgvwa AbyKi‡b GB gmwR`wU wbg©vb Kiv nq|17

wPÎ : kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR‡ì cÖ‡ekc_ (‡`vPvjv)

gmwR‡ì Avw½bvi GKav‡i †ek K‡qKwU cÖvPxb cvKv Kei Av‡Q| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨

gmwR` wbg©vZv kvn †gvnv¤§‡ì KeiI Av‡Q e‡j ’vbxq Awaevmx‡ì KvQ †_‡K Rvbv hvq|

gmwR‡` GKwU wkjvwjwc wQj| †mwU nvwi‡q hvIqvi d‡j G gmwR` K‡i wbwg©Z

ZvwiL ejv KwVb| Aa¨vcK `vbxi g‡Z, G gmwR`wU 1680 wLªóv‡ãi w`‡K



evsjv‡`‡ki cÖZœm¤ú`, 1984, evsjv‡`k wkíKjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv, 490|

`wÿ‡Y j¤v GB †`vPvjv N‡ii

8©©| N‡ii wVK gvSLvb w`‡q cÖ‡ek c_| c~e© †`qvj ìRv I Rvbvjvi AvKv‡i wbwg©Z


‡_i m„wó GK Awfbe‡Z¡i m~Pbv K‡i‡Q| GB †`vPvjv cÖ‡ekc_wUi mv‡_ †MŠ‡o

1660 wLªóv‡ã wbwg©Z GB

wPÎ : kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR‡ì cÖ‡ekc_ (‡`vPvjv)

gmwR‡ì Avw½bvi GKav‡i †ek K‡qKwU cÖvPxb cvKv Kei Av‡Q| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨

gmwR` wbg©vZv kvn †gvnv¤§‡ì KeiI Av‡Q e‡j ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡ì KvQ †_‡K Rvbv hvq|

gmwR‡` GKwU wkjvwjwc wQj| †mwU nvwi‡q hvIqvi d‡j G gmwR` K‡i wbwg©Z

KwVb| Aa¨vcK `vbxi g‡Z, G gmwR`wU 1680 wLªóv‡ãi w`‡K



2. mv`x gmwR`

Ae ’vb : eZ©gv‡b wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi AšÍ©MZ cyiv‡bv eªþcyÎ b‡ì evg Zx‡i GMviwmÜzi bvgK

MÖv‡g Aew ’Z|


mvBU †KvW : SM

eb©bv : cÖwZ cv‡k¦© 25 dzU AvqZb wewkó eM©vKvi GK M¤^yR gmwR`wU GKwU DPz f~wgi Dci wbg©vb

Kiv n‡qwQj| Gi c~e©w`‡K cÖ‡ekc_ wZbwU Ges DËi I `wÿY w`‡K GKwU K‡i cÖ‡ekc_ i‡q‡Q|

†Kw› ªq wLjvb c_wU A‡cÿvK…Z eo Ges wKQzUv AvqZKvi KvVv‡gvi Dci `Ûvqgvb| cv‡ki

A‡cÿvK…Z †QvU wLjvb¸wj mvgvb¨ AvqZKvi| wKejv ‡`qv‡ji wZbwU wgnive A‡bKUv Aó‡KvbvK…wZi

Ges c~e© †`qv‡j wZbwU cÖ‡ek c_ eivei wbwg©Z| cv‡ki¸wj †_‡K †Kw› ªq wgnive A‡cÿvK…Z eo Ges

evB‡i †_‡K GK Aó‡KvbvK…wZi g‡b n‡e| ìRv¸wji gZ wgnive¸wjI mgvb

wgnive I cÖavb ìRvq AwZwi

, GMviwmÜzi

41

eZ©gv‡b wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi AšÍ©MZ cyiv‡bv eªþcyÎ b‡ì evg Zx‡i GMviwmÜzi bvgK

24 º 15.41 DËi I 90 º 39.35 c~e©

cÖwZ cv‡k¦© 25 dzU AvqZb wewkó eM©vKvi GK M¤^yR gmwR`wU GKwU DPz f~wgi Dci wbg©vb



wPÎ : mv`x gmwR`



evB‡i †_‡K GK Aó‡KvbvK…wZi g‡b n‡e| ìRv¸wji gZ wgnive¸wjI mgvb

wgnive I cÖavb ìRvq AwZwi³ wn‡m‡e i‡q‡Q LvuRKvUv wLjvb I AjsK…Z wcjv÷vi|

eZ©gv‡b wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi AšÍ©MZ cyiv‡bv eªþcyÎ b‡ì evg Zx‡i GMviwmÜzi bvgK

cÖwZ cv‡k¦© 25 dzU AvqZb wewkó eM©vKvi GK M¤yR gmwR`wU GKwU DPz f~wgi Dci wbg©vb





evB‡i †_‡K GK Aó‡KvbvK…wZi g‡b n‡e| ìRv¸wji gZ wgnive¸wjI mgvb PZz©‡Kw› ªK| ïay †Kw› ªq

wn‡m‡e i‡q‡Q LvuRKvUv wLjvb I AjsK…Z wcjv÷vi|


evsjvi cÖPwjZ ixwZ‡Z Kvwb©m¸‡jv h‡_ó evKv‡bv| ‡gvMj hy‡M evsjvq cÖewZ©Z ’vcZïxwZ‡Z

†`qvj PviwU Kvwb©‡mi Dc‡i D‡V †M‡Q| mv`x gmwR‡ì c~e©

w`‡Ki d¨vmv` ev ewn©fv‡M †Kw› ªq wLjvbc‡_i Dc‡ii

wÎ‡KvbvK…wZ Ask (†cwW‡g›U) GLbI KviæKvh© †`Lv hvq| G

ai‡bi KviæKvh© ev‡Minv‡Ui lvUM¤yR gmwR‡` ‡`Lv hvq|

BgviZwUi ewn©fv‡Mi Pvi‡Kv‡YAó‡KvbvK…wZi eyiæR i‡q‡Q|

G¸‡jv Qv‡ì †iwjs Gi †P‡q wKQzUv DPz K‡i wbwg©Z Ges

eyiæ‡Ri Pzovq i‡q‡Q †QvU AvK…wZi M¤yR| M¤y‡Ri

kx‡l© Ry‡o †Ìqv n‡q‡Q c‡Ùi cvucwo|

g~j bvgvR N‡ii cy‡iv Ask Ry‡o GKwU e„ËvKvi Wªv‡gi Dci emv‡bv n‡q‡Q M¤yRwU‡K| GwU mivmwi

†Ìqv‡ji Dci emv‡bv Ges Pvi †KvY myjZvwb evsjvi cwiwPZ ‡c‡Ûw›Uf bKkvq c~b©|

ìRv I wgnive Qvov cy‡iv BgviZwU gm„Yfv‡e c‡j Ívi Kiv n‡q‡Q, Avi ìRv I wgnive‡K †kvwfZ

Kiv n‡q‡Q AjsK…Z †cvovgvwUi djK Øviv| c~e©w`‡Ki d¨vmv‡` cÖavb wLjvbc‡_i KvVv‡gv‡Z

†Mvjvcmn mwc©j c¨vuPv‡bv bKkv i‡q‡Q| Gi LuvRKvUv wLjv‡b mvRv‡bv i‡q‡Q eo AvK…wZi †Mvjvc

bKkv| cv‡ki †QvU wLjv‡bI GKB ai‡bi †Mvjvc bKkv w`‡q mvRv‡bv i‡q‡Q| c~e©w`‡K d¨vmv‡ì

†kl cÖvšÍØ‡q wZbwU K‡i c¨v‡bj emv‡bv n‡q‡Q Lvovfv‡e| Gi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡ZB wQj GKwU K‡i †Mvjvc|

42

evsjvi cÖPwjZ ixwZ‡Z Kvwb©m¸‡jv h‡_ó evKv‡bv| ‡gvMj hy‡M evsjvq cÖewZ©Z ’vcZïxwZ‡Z

†`qvj PviwU Kvwb©‡mi Dc‡i D‡V †M‡Q| mv`x gmwR‡ì c~e©

ewn©fv‡M †Kw› ªq wLjvbc‡_i Dc‡ii

wÎ‡KvbvK…wZ Ask (†cwW‡g›U) GLbI KviæKvh© †`Lv hvq| G

ai‡bi KviæKvh© ev‡Minv‡Ui lvUM¤yR gmwR‡` ‡`Lv hvq|

BgviZwUi ewn©fv‡Mi Pvi‡Kv‡YAó‡KvbvK…wZi eyiæR i‡q‡Q|

G¸‡jv Qv‡ì †iwjs Gi †P‡q wKQzUv DPz K‡i wbwg©Z Ges

i‡q‡Q †QvU AvK…wZi M¤yR| M¤^y‡Ri

kx‡l© Ry‡o †Ìqv n‡q‡Q c‡Ùi cvucwo|

wPÎ : mv`x gmwR‡ì f~wg bK&kv


Iqv‡ji Dci emv‡bv Ges Pvi †KvY myjZvwb evsjvi cwiwPZ ‡c‡Ûw›Uf bKkvq c~b©|

ìRv I wgnive Qvov cy‡iv BgviZwU gm„Yfv‡e c‡j¯Ívi Kiv n‡q‡Q, Avi ìRv I wgnive‡K †kvwfZ


c©j c¨vuPv‡bv bKkv i‡q‡Q| Gi LuvRKvUv wLjv‡b mvRv‡bv i‡q‡Q eo AvK…wZi †Mvjvc



wPÎ : mv`x gmwR‡ì ‡cvovgvwUi bK&kv

evsjvi cÖPwjZ ixwZ‡Z Kvwb©m¸‡jv h‡_ó evKv‡bv| ‡gvMj hy‡M evsjvq cÖewZ©Z ¯’vcZïxwZ‡Z

wPÎ : mv`x gmwR‡ì f~wg bK&kv


Iqv‡ji Dci emv‡bv Ges Pvi †KvY myjZvwb evsjvi cwiwPZ ‡c‡Ûw›Uf bKkvq c~b©|

ìRv I wgnive Qvov cy‡iv BgviZwU gm„Yfv‡e c‡j¯Ívi Kiv n‡q‡Q, Avi ìRv I wgnive‡K †kvwfZ


c©j c¨vuPv‡bv bKkv i‡q‡Q| Gi LuvRKvUv wLjv‡b mvRv‡bv i‡q‡Q eo AvK…wZi †Mvjvc




wPÎ : mv`x gmwR‡ì cÖavb cÖ‡ek c_ wPÎ : mv`x gmwR‡ì wgnive

, GMviwmÜzi

43


wPÎ : mv`x gmwR‡ì ‡c‡Ûw›Uf bK&kv



AvqZKvi KvVv‡gvmn †Kw› ªq wgnivewU m~

bKkvq Av½yijZv, †Mvjvc I cÖPwjZ SzjšÍ wWRvBb cÖf…wZ ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| †Kw› ªq wgniv‡e †cvovgvwUi

AisKiY GLbI wU‡K Av‡Q| Pvi‡Kv‡Yi eyiæR¸wj Ges †Kw› ªq wgniv‡ei LuvRKvUv wLjvb I †Kw› ªq

ìRv †hme AjsK…Z †cv¯Ív‡K fi K‡i Av‡Q Zv‡K K‡qKwU fvMKiv n‡q

evsjvi myjZvwb ’vcZ¨ avivi g‡a¨ GB gmwR‡` †gvMj Dcv`v‡bi wgkÖb jÿ¨ Kiv hvq|

wewkó PZ…‡¯‹vbvKvi mv`x gmwR‡ì cÖfve wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi GMviwmÜz‡Z wbwg©Z kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR`

I ¸ivB gmwR‡` jÿ Kiv hv‡e|

wkjvwjwc : mv`x gmwR‡ì cÖ

†_‡K Rvbv hvq †h, mg„vU kvnRvnv‡bi

ivRZ¡Kv‡j †kL wmiæi cyÎ mv`x wnRix

1062/ Bs‡iRx 1652 wLóv‡ã G

gmwR`wU wbg©vb K‡ib| mvgmywÏb Avng`

g‡b K‡ib †h †h‡nZz GMviwmÜzi Cmv

Luv‡bi NvwU wQj †m‡nZz m¤¢eZ G

gmwR`wU Cmv Lv‡bi †mbvcwZ gvmyg Lvb

Kveywj KZzK ev‡iv fu~Bqv‡ì Avg‡j

wbwg©Z nq| wKš‘ wkjvwjwc‡Z gvmyg Lv‡bi

bvg D‡jøL †bB|21

19

evwi, Gg G, evsjvwcwWqv, LÛ-10, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 123G we Gg †nvmb, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 2820 nvmvb, W. ˆmq` gvngy`yj, evsjv‡`‡ki gymwjg cyivvKxwZ21

nvmvb, W. ˆmq` gvngy`yj, evsjv‡`‡ki gymwjg cyivvKxwZ

44

AvqZKvi KvVv‡gvmn †Kw› ªq wgnivewU m~² KviæKvR mg„× †cvovgvwUi AjsKi‡b †kvwfZ|

bKkvq Av½yijZv, †Mvjvc I cÖPwjZ SzjšÍ wWRvBb cÖf…wZ ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| †Kw› ªq wgniv‡e †cvovgvwUi


ìRv †hme AjsK…Z †cv¯Ív‡K fi K‡i Av‡Q Zv‡K K‡qKwU fvMKiv n‡q‡Q AvjsKvwiK eÜbx Øviv|

evsjvi myjZvwb ’vcZ¨ avivi g‡a¨ GB gmwR‡` †gvMj Dcv`v‡bi wgkÖb jÿ¨ Kiv hvq|


I ¸ivB gmwR‡` jÿ Kiv hv‡e|20

mv`x gmwR‡ì cÖavb cÖ‡ekc‡_i Dc‡i c‡j Ívivi Dc‡i †h wkjvwjwc i‡q‡Q Zv

†_‡K Rvbv hvq †h, mg„vU kvnRvnv‡bi

ivRZ¡Kv‡j †kL wmiæi cyÎ mv`x wnRix

1062/ Bs‡iRx 1652 wLóv‡ã G

gmwR`wU wbg©vb K‡ib| mvgmywÏb Avng`

g‡b K‡ib †h †h‡nZz GMviwmÜzi Cmv

Luv‡bi NvwU wQj †m‡nZz m¤¢eZ G

`wU Cmv Lv‡bi †mbvcwZ gvmyg Lvb

Kveywj KZzK ev‡iv fu~Bqv‡ì Avg‡j

wbwg©Z nq| wKš‘ wkjvwjwc‡Z gvmyg Lv‡bi

wPÎ : mv`x gmwR‡ì wkjvwjwc

10, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 123-124 I evwi, Gg G,

G we Gg †nvmb, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 287||

evsjv‡`‡ki gymwjg cyivvKxwZ ©, 2001, gvIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv - 272| evsjv‡`‡ki gymwjg cyivvKxwZ ©, 2001, gvIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv - 272|

AjsKi‡b †kvwfZ|

bKkvq Av½yijZv, †Mvjvc I cÖPwjZ SzjšÍ wWRvBb cÖf…wZ ’vb †c‡q‡Q| †Kw› ªq wgniv‡e †cvovgvwUi


‡Q AvjsKvwiK eÜbx Øviv|

evsjvi myjZvwb ’vcZ¨ avivi g‡a¨ GB gmwR‡` †gvMj Dcv`v‡bi wgkÖb jÿ¨ Kiv hvq|19 GK M¤yR


avb cÖ‡ekc‡_i Dc‡i c‡j¯Ívivi Dc‡i †h wkjvwjwc i‡q‡Q Zv

wPÎ : mv`x gmwR‡ì wkjvwjwc

124 I evwi, Gg G, ’vcZ¨, m¤úv.


, GMviwmÜzi

45


1. cxi Mwieyjøvn gvRvi

Ae ’vb : GwU GMviwmÜz BDwbq‡bi C`Mv‡ni DËi w`‡K Aew ’Z|

Aÿvsk I ªvwNgvsk : 24015 ©

mvBU †KvW : PGM

eb©bv : eZ©gv‡b GwU GKwU DuPz GKwU wXwe Ges Gi Dci GKwU Kei i‡q‡Q| ’vbxq‡ì g‡Z GwU

cxi Mwieyjøvn Gi gvRvi|

RbkÖæwZ Abyhvqx ga¨hy‡M

wm‡jU †_‡K GLv‡b

GMviRb ag© cÖPviK Av‡mb

Ges Zviv GLv‡bB gviv

hvq| Zv‡ì GKRb GB cxi

Mwieyjøvn| GQvovI

’vbxq‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡iv

RbkÖæwZ Av‡Q †h, GwU Cmv

Luv/gvbwms‡ni ~M©| eZ©gv‡b

GwU‡K Cmv Luvi ~M© ejv nq| wPÎ : cxi Mwieyjøvn gvRv‡ii wXwe

cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : Ab„mÜv‡bi d‡j GLv‡b GKwU ’vc‡Zï bgybv cvIqv †M‡Q| Gi Av‡k cv‡k AmsL¨

BU I B‡Ui LÛvsk Qwo‡q wQwU‡q Av‡Q| G QvovI GLv‡b ‡Uiv‡KvUv ej, Kv‡jv

nvwo, e`bvi fv½v UzKiv Ges cÖPzi cwigvb g„rcv‡Îi fv½v LÛvsk cvIqv ‡M‡Q|

46

ag©xq ¯’vcZ¨ (gvRvi)

BDwbq‡bi C`Mv‡ni DËi w`‡K Aew ’Z|

15 © 39© © DËi Ges 90039 © 39 © © c~e©

eZ©gv‡b GwU GKwU DuPz GKwU wXwe Ges Gi Dci GKwU Kei i‡q‡Q| ’vbxq‡ì g‡Z GwU


Ab„mÜv‡bi d‡j GLv‡b GKwU ’vc‡Zï bgybv cvIqv †M‡Q| Gi Av‡k cv‡k AmsL¨

BU I B‡Ui LÛvsk Qwo‡q wQwU‡q Av‡Q| G QvovI GLv‡b ‡Uiv‡KvUv ej, Kv‡jv-

nvwo, e`bvi fv½v UzKiv Ges cÖPzi cwigvb g„rcv‡Îi fv½v LÛvsk cvIqv ‡M‡Q|

eZ©gv‡b GwU GKwU DuPz GKwU wXwe Ges Gi Dci GKwU Kei i‡q‡Q| ’vbxq‡ì g‡Z GwU


Ab„mÜv‡bi d‡j GLv‡b GKwU ¯’vc‡Zï bgybv cvIqv †M‡Q| Gi Av‡k cv‡k AmsL¨

BU I B‡Ui LÛvsk Qwo‡q wQwU‡q Av‡Q| G QvovI GLv‡b ‡Uiv‡KvUv ej, Kv‡jv-gm„Y †cøU, †QvU-eo


wPÎ : cxi Mwieyjøvn gvRv‡ii wXwe‡Z cÖvß †`qvj

2. kvn Avkdxi gvRvi

Ae ’vb : kvn Avmwdi gvRvi GMvi wm› yi MÖv‡g Aew ’Z|


50 © © DËi Ges 90040© 01© © c~e©

mvBU †KvW : SAM

eb©bv : GjvKvevmxi g‡Z,

Avmwd GMvi wm›`yi MÖv‡gi 11 Rb

cx‡ii GKRb wQ‡jb|

GKwU †QvU DuPz wXwe i‡q‡Q, hvi

Dc‡i euvkSvo i‡q‡Q|

cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : GLv‡b eZ©gv‡b

B‡Ui UzKiv cvIqv hvq|

, GMviwmÜzi

47

cxi Mwieyjøvn gvRv‡ii wXwe‡Z cÖvß †`qvj wPÎ : cxi Mwieyjøvni gvRvi

kvn Avmwdi gvRvi GMvi wm› yi MÖv‡g Aew ’Z|

24015©

c~e©

GjvKvevmxi g‡Z, kvn

Avmwd GMvi wm›`yi MÖv‡gi 11 Rb

cx‡ii GKRb wQ‡jb| GLv‡b

GKwU †QvU DuPz wXwe i‡q‡Q, hvi

GLv‡b eZ©gv‡b

wPÎ : kvn Avkdxi gvRvi

wPÎ : cxi Mwieyjøvni gvRvi

wPÎ : kvn Avkdxi gvRvi


3. gvRvi - 1

Ae ’vb : ‡e‡eva ivRvi cyKyi cv‡o Aew¯’Z|


mvBU †KvW : Mj 1

eb©bv : †e‡eva ivRvi cyKz‡ii cv‡o GKwU Kei i‡q‡Q| GjvKvevmxi g‡Z, GwU 11Rb AvDwjqvi

g‡a¨ GKR‡bi Kei|

4. AÁvZ cx‡ii gvRvi - 2 (BRRvdZ Avjxi evox)

Ae ’vb : GwU gwR`cyi MÖv‡g


mvBU †KvW : APM (EAB

eb©bv : GwU GKwU DuPz wXwe| GjvKvevmxi g‡Z, GwU 11Rb AvDwjqvi g‡a¨ GKR‡bi Kei| GB

wXwei eZ©gvb gvwjK n‡”Qb BRvdZ Avjx| Gi cv‡kB i‡q‡Q nvRxZjv cyKzi|

cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : GLv‡b cÖPzi cwigv‡Y BU I g„rcv‡Îi fvOv UyKiv cvIqv hvq|

5. cuvP cx‡ii gvRvi

Ae ’vb : GwU evnvw`qv MÖv‡g Gi Aew ’Z|


mvBU †KvW : PPMj

eb©bv : Gi Ae¯’vb Gi Ae¯’vb RbkÖæwZ i‡q‡Q †h,

wKš‘ GB cuvP Rb cx‡ii bvg †KD ej‡Z cv‡ib wb|

48

‡e‡eva ivRvi cyKyi cv‡o Aew ’Z|

16© 13 © © DËi Ges 90039 © 27© © c~e©

†e‡eva ivRvi cyKz‡ii cv‡o GKwU Kei i‡q‡Q| GjvKvevmxi g‡Z, GwU 11Rb AvDwjqvi

2 (BRRvdZ Avjxi evox)

GwU gwR`cyi MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z|

16© 01 © © DËi Ges 90039 © 16© © c~e©|

APM (EAB)

GwU GKwU DuPz wXwe| GjvKvevmxi g‡Z, GwU 11Rb AvDwjqvi g‡a¨ GKR‡bi Kei| GB

wXwei eZ©gvb gvwjK n‡”Qb BRvdZ Avjx| Gi cv‡kB i‡q‡Q nvRxZjv cyKzi|

GLv‡b cÖPzi cwigv‡Y BU I g„rcv‡Îi fvOv UyKiv cvIqv hvq|

evnvw`qv MÖv‡g Gi Aew ’Z|

17© 19 © © DËi Ges 90038© 57 © © c~e©|

Gi Ae¯’vb Gi Ae¯’vb RbkÖæwZ i‡q‡Q †h, GLv‡b GK‡Î cuvPRb cx‡ii gvRvi i‡q‡Q|

wKš‘ GB cuvP Rb cx‡ii bvg †KD ej‡Z cv‡ib wb|

†e‡eva ivRvi cyKz‡ii cv‡o GKwU Kei i‡q‡Q| GjvKvevmxi g‡Z, GwU 11Rb AvDwjqvi

GwU GKwU DuPz wXwe| GjvKvevmxi g‡Z, GwU 11Rb AvDwjqvi g‡a¨ GKR‡bi Kei| GB

GLv‡b GK‡Î cuvPRb cx‡ii gvRvi i‡q‡Q|


1. ‰eivMxi AvLiv (†PŠPvjv) I (†`vPvjv)

Ae ’vb : êivMxi AvLov GMvi wm› yi MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z|


mvBU †KvW : BA

eb©bv : GwU wn› y agx©q ¯’vcZ¨| GLv‡b ywU

’vcbv i‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ GKwU †`vPvjv Ges GKwU

†PŠPvjv| Gi cv‡k c~‡e© GKwU eo cyKzi wQj|

eZ©gv‡b cyKziwU gvwU w`‡q fivU K‡i Pvlvev` Kiv

nq| wn› y ¯’vcZ¨ ixwZ Abyhvqx g‡b Kiv nq †h,

Gi cv‡k Avi GKwU ’vcbv wQj, hv aŸsm n‡q

†M‡Q| wPÎ : ‰eivMxi AvLiv

cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : GLv‡b g„rcv‡Îi fv½v UzKiv, B‡Ui fv½v UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q|

, GMviwmÜzi

49

ag©xq ’vcZ¨ (gw›ì)

‰eivMxi AvLiv (†PŠPvjv) I (†`vPvjv)

êivMxi AvLov GMvi wm› yi MÖv‡g Aew ’Z|

24015 © 39© © DËi Ges 90039 © 54© © c~e©

GwU wn› y agx©q ¯’vcZ¨| GLv‡b ywU

’vcbv i‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ GKwU †`vPvjv Ges GKwU

†PŠPvjv| Gi cv‡k c~‡e© GKwU eo cyKzi wQj|

eZ©gv‡b cyKziwU gvwU w`‡q fivU K‡i Pvlvev` Kiv

wn› y ’vcZ¨ ixwZ Abyhvqx g‡b Kiv nq †h,

vcbv wQj, hv aŸsm n‡q


g„rcv‡Îi fv½v UzKiv, B‡Ui fv½v UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q|

wPÎ : ‰eivMxi AvLiv


g„rcv‡Îi fv½v UzKiv, B‡Ui fv½v UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q|


2. ‡e‡eva ivRvi gw›ì

Ae ’vb : GwU †e‡eva ivRvi cyKz‡ii Kv‡QB Aew ’Z|


mvBU †KvW : Mn

eb©bv : GwU GKwU cvKv

gw›ì | GwU wZbKÿ wewkó|

Gi gv‡Si KÿwU †`vPvjv Ges

GB K‡ÿi yB cv‡ki ywU Ni

†PŠPvjv|

1. ‡fjyqv my›ìx cyKzi

Ae ’vb : GwU Kzgvi wfUv (UvbRvgvjcyi)


mvBU †KvW : VSP

eb©bv : cyKz‡ii Pvicv‡k euvkSvo i‡q‡Q|

50

GwU †e‡eva ivRvi cyKz‡ii Kv‡QB Aew ’Z|

16© 12 © © DËi Ges 90039 © 27© © c~e©

wPÎ : ‡e‡eva ivRvi gw›ì

cyKzi

(UvbRvgvjcyi)-3 Gi Kv‡Q Aew¯’Z|

15© 57 © © DËi Ges 90040© 03 © © c~e©

cyKz‡ii Pvicv‡k euvkSvo i‡q‡Q|

wPÎ : ‡e‡eva ivRvi gw›ì


2. ‡e‡eva ivRvi cyKzi

Ae ’vb : GwU gwR`cyi MÖv‡g Aew ’Z|

Aÿvsk I ªvwNgvsk :

Ges 90039 © 29© © c~e©

mvBU †KvW : BRP

eb©bv : GB cyKzi wb‡q A‡bK wg_ i‡q‡Q|

avibv Kiv nq, GB cyKz‡ii cv‡oB †KvP ivRv

†e‡eva-Gi ~M© wQj, hv aŸsm n‡q †M‡Q|

3. Avswi‡Pviv cyKzi

Ae ’vb : Avswi‡Piv cyKzi gwR`cyi MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z|


mvBU †KvW : AP

cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : GB cyKz‡i cÖPzi cwigv‡Y fvOv g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv, XvKbv cvIqv †M‡Q| GQvov GLv‡b

†ek wKQz wmivwg‡Ki UzKivI cvIqv †M‡Q|

wPÎ : Avswi‡Pviv cyKzi wPÎ : Avswi

4. †gv‡gb Avjxi cyKzi

, GMviwmÜzi

51


Aÿvsk I ªvwNgvsk : 24016 © 17 © © DËi

GB cyKzi wb‡q A‡bK wg_ i‡q‡Q|

avibv Kiv nq, GB cyKz‡ii cv‡oB †KvP ivRv

Gi ~M© wQj, hv aŸsm n‡q †M‡Q|

wPÎ : ‡e‡eva ivRvi cyKzi

Avswi‡Piv cyKzi gwR`cyi MÖv‡g Aew ’Z|

24016© 06 © © DËi Ges 90039© 15© © c~e|

GB cyKz‡i cÖPzi cwigv‡Y fvOv g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv, XvKbv cvIqv †M‡Q| GQvov GLv‡b

†ek wKQz wmivwg‡Ki UzKivI cvIqv †M‡Q|

wPÎ : Avswi‡Pviv cyKzi wPÎ : Avswi‡Pviv cyKy‡ii Kv‡Q g„rcv‡Îi f½v UzKiv

wPÎ : ‡e‡eva ivRvi cyKzi

GB cyKz‡i cÖPzi cwigv‡Y fvOv g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv, XvKbv cvIqv †M‡Q| GQvov GLv‡b

‡Pviv cyKy‡ii Kv‡Q g„rcv‡Îi f½v UzKiv


Ae ’vb : gwgb Avjxi evwoi cv‡kB GB cyKzi Aew ’Z| Gi Ae¯’vb GwU cxi Mixeyjøvni

gvRv‡ii DËi c~e© w`‡K Aew¯’Z|


mvBU †KvW : MAPP

cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : GLvb †_‡K cÖPzi cwigv‡Y fvOv g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q|

5. Mixeyjøvn gvRv‡ii cwðg cv‡ki cyKzi

Ae ’vb : cyKziwU cxi Mixeyjøvn gvRv‡ii cwðg w`‡K Aew¯’Z|


mvBU †KvW : GMPPP

cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : cyKz‡ii cv‡o †mKkb †K‡U GKwU e„nr AvK…wZi gvwUi _vjv cvIqv †M‡Q| GQvovI

GKwU gvwUi cyZzj cvIqv †M‡Q, hv gvZ…‡`ex (?) e‡j g‡b Kiv n‡”Q| GQv&ovI cyKz‡ii cvo †_‡K

52

gwgb Avjxi evwoi cv‡kB GB cyKzi Aew ’Z| Gi Ae¯’vb GwU cxi Mixeyjøvni

gvRv‡ii DËi c~e© w`‡K Aew¯’Z|

15© 39 © © DËi Ges 90039© 42 © © c~e|

GLvb †_‡K cÖPzi cwigv‡Y fvOv g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q|

wPÎ : †gv‡gb Avjxi cyKzi

Mixeyjøvn gvRv‡ii cwðg cv‡ki cyKzi

cyKziwU cxi Mixeyjøvn gvRv‡ii cwðg w`‡K Aew¯’Z|

15© 41 © © DËi Ges 90039 © 39 © © c~e©

cyKz‡ii cv‡o †mKkb †K‡U GKwU e„nr AvK…wZi gvwUi _vjv cvIqv †M‡Q| GQvovI


gwgb Avjxi evwoi cv‡kB GB cyKzi Aew¯’Z| Gi Ae ’vb GwU cxi Mixeyjøvni

cyKz‡ii cv‡o †mKkb †K‡U GKwU e„nr AvK…wZi gvwUi _vjv cvIqv †M‡Q| GQvovI



GKwU cv_‡ii UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q hv cyuwZ ˆZixi Kv‡R e¨eüZ n‡Z e‡j g‡b Kiv n‡”Q|

GQvovI GKwU gm„Y NbKv‡jv g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q hv NBPW (?) e‡j g‡b Kiv n‡”Q|

1. gvU© †dvU©

Ae ’vb : gvW †dvU©-1 Uvb Rvgvjcyi MÖv‡g Aew ’Z|


mvBU †KvW : MF 1

eb©bv : Gi GKwU

Ask f~wg †_‡K A‡bK

DuPy Ab¨ AskwU gvwU

†_‡K Aí DuPz| wbPz

AskwU c~‡e© DuPz wQj|

GjvKvi †jvKRb gvwU

†K‡U Pvlvev`‡hvM¨ K‡i

Zz‡j‡Q| DuPz AskwU

gvwU †_‡K A‡bK DuPz|

GwU k•L we‡ji cv‡k

Aew ’Z|

2. ‡e‡eva ivRvi cyKzi cvo (fv½b)



mvBU †KvW : BRPP

, GMviwmÜzi

53



yM©

1 Uvb Rvgvjcyi MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z|

24015© 56 © © DËi Ges 90039© 57 © © c~e©

wPÎ : gvU© †dvU©

‡e‡eva ivRvi cyKzi cvo (fv½b)


24016© 16 © © DËi Ges 90039 © 33© © c~e©




eb©bv : GLv‡b c~‡e© †e‡eva ivRvi ~M© wQj e‡j g‡b Kiv nq| Ckv Luv †KvP ivRv †e‡eva

‡K civwRZ K‡i GB ~M© `Lj K‡ib| 1897 mv‡ji f~wgK‡¤ú GwU wbwðý n‡q hvq|

wPÎ : ‡e‡eva ivRvi cyKzi cvo (fv½b)

3. gvW© †dvU© - 2

Ae ’vb : Avswi‡Pviv cyKz‡ii Kv‡Q


mvBU †KvW : MF 2

54

GLv‡b c~‡e© †e‡eva ivRvi ~M© wQj e‡j g‡b Kiv nq| Ckv Luv †KvP ivRv †e‡eva


wPÎ : ‡e‡eva ivRvi cyKzi cvo (fv½b)

Avswi‡Pviv cyKz‡ii Kv‡Q Aew¯’Z|

16© 05 © © DËi Ges 90039© 20 © © c~e©

GLv‡b c~‡e© †e‡eva ivRvi ~M© wQj e‡j g‡b Kiv nq| Ckv Luv †KvP ivRv †e‡eva-



eb©bv : GwU gvW †dvU©-1 &Gi mgvb D”PZv wewkó|

cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : GLv‡b g„rcv‡Îi fv½v UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q|

, GMviwmÜzi

55

1 &Gi mgvb D”PZv wewkó|

GLv‡b g„rcv‡Îi fv½v UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q|

wPÎ : gvW© †dvU© - 2


56


1. Kzgvo wfUv (1)

Ae ’vb : Kzgvi wfUv-1 GMvi wm›`yi MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z|


mvBU †KvW : KV 1

cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : GLv‡b cÖPzi cwigv‡Y g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv,

cvIqv †M‡Q|

2. Uvb Rvgvjcyi Kygvo wfUv (2)

Ae ’vb : Kzgvi wfUv-3 GMvi wm› yi MÖv‡gi cv‡kB Uvb Rvgvjcy‡i Aew¯’Z|

Aÿvsk I ªvwNgvsk :

54 © ©DËi Ges 90040© 05© © c~e©

mvBU †KvW : KV 2

cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : GLv‡b cÖPzi

cwigv‡Y g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q|

, GMviwmÜzi

57

wfUv

1 GMvi wm› yi MÖv‡g Aew ’Z|

24015© 50© © DËi Ges 90040© 03© © c~e©

GLv‡b cÖPzi cwigv‡Y g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv, ‡Uiv‡KvUv ej,

Uvb Rvgvjcyi Kygvo wfUv (2)

3 GMvi wm› yi MÖv‡gi cv‡kB Uvb Rvgvjcy‡i Aew¯’Z|

Aÿvsk I ªvwNgvsk : 24015©

c~e©

GLv‡b cÖPzi

cwigv‡Y g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q|

wPÎ : Uvb Rvgvjcyi Kygvo wfUv (2)

3 GMvi wm› yi MÖv‡gi cv‡kB Uvb Rvgvjcy‡i Aew ’Z|

wPÎ : Uvb Rvgvjcyi Kygvo wfUv (2)


3. Kzgvo wfUv (3)

Ae ’vb : Kzgvi wfUv-2 GMvi wm›`yi

MÖv‡g Aew ’Z|


Ges 90040 © 05© © c~e©

mvBU †KvW : KV 3

eb©bv : evwoi gvwj‡Ki bvg †gv.

AvwRR|

cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : GLv‡b cÖPzi cwigv‡Y

g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q|

4. wfUv evwbqv

Ae ’vb : GwU GB gvW †dv‡U©i Kv‡QB Aew ’Z|


mvBU †KvW : BV

eb©bv : GjvKvevmxi g‡Z, GLv‡b c~‡e© ¯^Y©Kv‡ii evwo wQj| ¯Y©Kvi‡K AvÂwjK fvlvq ÕevwbqvÔ

ejv nq|

cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : GB ¯’v‡b fvOv g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv cvIqv hvq|

5. nv‡kg gv÷v‡ii evox



mvBU †KvW : HMB

eb©bv : GLv‡b eZ©gv‡b euvkSvo i‡q‡Q| Gi cv‡k GKwU †QvU MZ©

cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : GLv‡b cÖPzi cwigv‡b fvOv g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv cvIqv hvq|

58

2 GMvi wm›`yi

15© 56 © © DËi

evwoi gvwj‡Ki bvg †gv.

GLv‡b cÖPzi cwigv‡Y

wPÎ : Kygvo wfUv (3)

GwU GB gvW †dv‡U©i Kv‡QB Aew¯’Z|

16© 02 © © DËi Ges 90039© 49 © © c~e©

GjvKvevmxi g‡Z, GLv‡b c~‡e© ¯^Y©Kv‡ii evwo wQj| ¯^Y©Kvi‡K AvÂwjK fvlvq ÕevwbqvÔ

GB ’v‡b fvOv g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv cvIqv hvq|


16 © 07 © © DËi Ges 90039 © 47© © c~e©

GLv‡b eZ©gv‡b euvkSvo i‡q‡Q| Gi cv‡k GKwU †QvU MZ© i‡q‡Q|

GLv‡b cÖPzi cwigv‡b fvOv g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv cvIqv hvq|

wPÎ : Kygvo wfUv (3)

GjvKvevmxi g‡Z, GLv‡b c~‡e© ¯Y©Kv‡ii evwo wQj| ¯^Y©Kvi‡K AvÂwjK fvlvq ÕevwbqvÔ


6. bxj KzwV



90039 © 00© © c~e©

mvBU †KvW : NK

eb©bv : GwU e„wUk hy‡Mi GKwU ’vcbv|

eZ©gv‡b GwU aŸs‡mi c‡_|

7. Avãyj KzÏy‡mi wfUv

Ae ’vb : Avãyj KzÏy‡mi wfUv evnvw`qv MÖv‡g Aew ’Z|


mvBU †KvW : AKV

eb©bv : GB wfUvi gvwjK n‡”Qb Avãyj KzÏym| eZ©gv‡b GB wfUv cv‡bi Pv‡l eëüZ n‡”Q| GLv‡b

¯vaxbZv hy‡×i Av‡M wn› y cwievi emevm KiZ|

, GMviwmÜzi

59

wPÎ : nv‡kg gv÷v‡ii evox


24016© 45 © © DËi Ges

hy‡Mi GKwU ’vcbv|

wPÎ : bxj KzwV

Avãyj KzÏy‡mi wfUv evnvw`qv MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z|

24017© 14 © © DËi Ges 90039 © 01 © © c~e© |

GB wfUvi gvwjK n‡”Qb Avãyj KzÏym| eZ©gv‡b GB wfUv cv‡bi Pv‡l eëüZ n‡”Q| GLv‡b

¯vaxbZv hy‡×i Av‡M wn› y cwievi emevm KiZ|

wPÎ : bxj KzwV

GB wfUvi gvwjK n‡”Qb Avãyj KzÏym| eZ©gv‡b GB wfUv cv‡bi Pv‡l eëüZ n‡”Q| GLv‡b


cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : GLv‡b gvwUi 4 dzU bxP †_‡K

fv½v UzKiv Ges cÖPzi cwigvY fvOv g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q|

8. bRiy‡ji wfUv

Ae ’vb : Avãyj KzÏy‡mi wfUvi Kv‡QB bRiæ‡ji wfUv|

Aÿvsk I ªvwNgvsk : 24016 ©

mvBU †KvW : NV

cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : Gi Ae¯’vb GLv‡bI g„rcv‡Îi fvOv UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q|

60

GLv‡b gvwUi 4 dzU bxP †_‡K ‡QvU-eo nvwo, Kjm, ej, cvwZ‡ji XvKbvi

Ges cÖPzi cwigvY fvOv g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q|

wPÎ : Avãyj KzÏy‡mi wfUv

Avãyj KzÏy‡mi wfUvi Kv‡QB bRiæ‡ji wfUv|

16 © 26 © © DËi Ges 90039 © 04© © c~e©|

Gi Ae¯’vb GLv‡bI g„rcv‡Îi fvOv UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q|

wPÎ : bRiæ‡ji wfUv

eo nvwo, Kjm, ej, cvwZ‡ji XvKbvi


, GMviwmÜzi

61

wPÎ : bRiæ‡ji wfUvi GKvsk


9. †MvjK kvn wfUv

Ae ’vb : †MvjK kvn wfUv gwR`cyi MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z|


mvBU †KvW : GSV

eb©bv : GLv‡b GKwU ’vcbv i‡q‡Q| ’vcbvwU eZ©gv‡b cwiZ¨

eZ©gvb gvwjK †MvjK kvn|

cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : GLv‡bI g„rcv‡Îi fvOv UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q|

10.KvRx bvwRg DwÏb wfUv

Ae ’vb : GwU gwR`cyi Mªv‡g Aew ’Z|


mvBU †KvW : KNV

cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : Gi Ae ’vb GLv‡b fvOv B‡Ui UzKiv Ges g„cvÎ cvIqv †M‡Q|

11.‡`‡jvqvi †nv‡mb wfUv

Ae ’vb : GwU gwR`cyi MÖv‡g

Aew ’Z|


DËi Ges 90039 © 11© © c~e|

mvBU †KvW : DHV

eb©bv : GLv‡b B‡Ui ¯‘c i‡q‡Q|

GLvb †_‡K BU msMÖn K‡i Av‡kcv‡ki

†jvKRb wewfbœ Kv‡R e¨envi K‡i|

cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : GLv‡b B‡Ui fv½v

UzKiv cvIqv hvq|

62

†MvjK kvn wfUv gwR`cyi MÖv‡g Aew¯’Z|

16© 26 © © DËi Ges 90039 © 09 © © c~e©|

GLv‡b GKwU ’vcbv i‡q‡Q| ’vcbvwU eZ©gv‡b cwiZ¨³ Ae ’vq i‡q‡Q| GB ¯’vcbvi

GLv‡bI g„rcv‡Îi fvOv UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q|

GwU gwR`cyi Mªv‡g Aew¯’Z|

16© 16 © © DËi Ges 90039 © 12© © c~e© |

Gi Ae ’vb GLv‡b fvOv B‡Ui UzKiv Ges g„cvÎ cvIqv †M‡Q|

GwU gwR`cyi MÖv‡g

16 © 06 © ©

GLv‡b B‡Ui ¯‘c i‡q‡Q|

GLvb †_‡K BU msMÖn K‡i Av‡kcv‡ki

†jvKRb wewfbœ Kv‡R e¨envi K‡i|

GLv‡b B‡Ui fv½v

wPÎ : ‡`‡jvqv‡ii wfUv

Ae¯’vq i‡q‡Q| GB ’vcbvi

wPÎ : ‡`‡jvqv‡ii wfUv


12.‡gv‡gb Avjxi evox

Ae ’vb : Mixeyjøvni gvRv‡ii c~e© w`‡K GB


mvBU †KvW : MAP

eb©bv : GLv‡b gvwU KvU‡j ev MZ© Ki‡j cÖPzi cwigvb g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv I cvZjv B‡Ui LÛvsk

cvIqv hvq| GLvb ‡_‡K cvk¦©eZ©x ¯’‡b emevmK…Z Kwei fvB gvwUi e`bv, †QvU Kjm Ges km

eo cvÎ cvq|

cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : GLv‡b GKwU †QvU cv_i cvIqv †M‡Q hv cyuwZ ˆZwii Kv‡R eëüZ nZ e‡j g‡b Kiv

n‡”Q| evwn¨K êwkó¨ †_‡K aviYv Kiv n†”Q †h, GwU Kv‡b©wjqv‡bi UzKiv|

, GMviwmÜzi

63

Mixeyjøvni gvRv‡ii c~e© w`‡K GB evwoi Ae ’vb|

24015© 56 © © DËi Ges 90039© 57 © © c~e©|

GLv‡b gvwU KvU‡j ev MZ© Ki‡j cÖPzi cwigvb g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv I cvZjv B‡Ui LÛvsk

cvIqv hvq| GLvb ‡_‡K cvk¦©eZ©x ’‡b emevmK…Z Kwei fvB gvwUi e`bv, †QvU Kjm Ges km

GLv‡b GKwU †QvU cv_i cvIqv †M‡Q hv cyuwZ ˆZwii Kv‡R eëüZ nZ e‡j g‡b Kiv

n‡”Q| evwn¨K êwkó¨ †_‡K aviYv Kiv n†”Q †h, GwU Kv‡b©wjqv‡bi UzKiv|

GLv‡b gvwU KvU‡j ev MZ© Ki‡j cÖPzi cwigvb g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv I cvZjv B‡Ui LÛvsk

cvIqv hvq| GLvb ‡_‡K cvk¦©eZ©x ’‡b emevmK…Z Kwei fvB gvwUi e`bv, †QvU Kjm Ges km¨ ivLvi

GLv‡b GKwU †QvU cv_i cvIqv †M‡Q hv cyuwZ ˆZwii Kv‡R eëüZ nZ e‡j g‡b Kiv


64


10 wdì †_‡K Avmvi ci Avgiv gvVK‡g©i cieZ©x KvR

� cÖZœe ‘ cwi¯‹viKiY

cvwb, KoB Ges eªvk Gi gva¨‡g cwi¯‹vi Kwi| cwi¯‹vi Kivi mgq memgq mZK© _vK‡Z

n‡q‡Q †hb wb`k©‡bi eY©, bKkv cÖfwZi †Kvb ÿwZ bv nq| Gici G¸‡jv ïwK‡q c¨vwKs K‡i

ivwL| ïKv‡bvi ci fv½v g„rcvÎ AvVvi g

g„rcvÎwU Gfv‡e †Rvov jvMv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

, GMviwmÜzi

65

gvV cieZ©x KvR wdì †_‡K Avmvi ci Avgiv gvVK‡g©i cieZ©x KvR Kwi|

cÖZœe ‘ cwi¯‹viKiY : wdì †_‡K Avmvi ci Avgiv cÖvß cÖZœe ‘ cwi¯‹vi Kwi| cÖZœe¯‘ ¸‡jv



ivwL| ïKv‡bvi ci fv½v g„rcvÎ AvVvi gva¨‡g †Rvov jvMv‡bvi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Kv‡jv gm„Y

g„rcvÎwU Gfv‡e †Rvov jvMv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

wPÎ : g„rcv‡Îi g‡a¨i gvwU cwi¯‹vi Kiv n‡”Q

wdì †_‡K Avmvi ci Avgiv cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ cwi¯‹vi Kwi| cÖZœe¯‘ ¸‡jv



va¨‡g †Rvov jvMv‡bvi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Kv‡jv gm„Y

wPÎ : g„rcv‡Îi g‡a¨i gvwU cwi¯‹vi Kiv n‡”Q


wPÎ: g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv cvwb w`‡q cwi¯‹vi Kiv n‡”Q

� WvUv we‡kølY : cÖvß WvUv¸‡jv wb`k©‡bi Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Kivi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi Rb¨

wefv‡Mi wkÿK‡`i mvnvh¨ †bIqv n‡q‡Q| cvkvcvwk wewfbœ MÖ‡š’i Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Kiv

n‡q‡Q|

� K›Uzi g¨vc : Avgiv cxi Mwieyjøvn gvRv‡ii wXwei K›Uzi g¨v‡ci cwigvc wb‡q g¨vc AsKY

Kwi|

66

wPÎ: g„rcv‡Îi UzKiv cvwb w`‡q cwi¯‹vi Kiv n‡”Q

: cÖvß WvUv¸‡jv wb`k©‡bi Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Kivi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi Rb¨


Avgiv cxi Mwieyjøvn gvRv‡ii wXwei K›Uzi g¨v‡ci cwigvc wb‡q g¨vc AsKY

: cÖvß WvUv¸‡jv wb`k©‡bi Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Kivi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi Rb¨


Avgiv cxi Mwieyjøvn gvRv‡ii wXwei K›Uzi g¨v‡ci cwigvc wb‡q g¨vc AsKY


� cUvix WªBs : cÖvß fv½v g„rcvÎ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wKQy g„rcv‡Îi WªBs Kiv n‡q‡Q| WªBs Kivi mgq

GKwU PvU© Gi mvnvh¨ †bIqv n‡q‡Q|

, GMviwmÜzi

67

cÖvß fv½v g„rcvÎ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wKQy g„rcv‡Îi WªBs Kiv n‡q‡Q| WªBs Kivi mgq

GKwU PvU© Gi mvnvh¨ †bIqv n‡q‡Q|

cÖvß fv½v g„rcvÎ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wKQy g„rcv‡Îi WªBs Kiv n‡q‡Q| WªBs Kivi mgq


68


, GMviwmÜzi

69


70


� wmÜvšÍ MÖnY : me©‡k‡l mg¯Í WvUv we‡kølY K‡i GKwU wmÜv‡šÍ Avmvi ‡Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

� Av‡jvKwPÎ : wb`k©b cwi¯‹vi Kivi ci G¸‡jv wewfbœ Av‡jv‡K Qwe †Zvjv n‡q‡Q|

, GMviwmÜzi

71

me©‡k‡l mg¯Í WvUv we‡kølY K‡i GKwU wmÜv‡šÍ Avmvi ‡Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

wb`k©b cwi¯‹vi Kivi ci G¸‡jv wewfbœ Av‡jv‡K Qwe †Zvjv n‡q‡Q|

me©‡k‡l mg¯Í WvUv we‡kølY K‡i GKwU wmÜv‡šÍ Avmvi ‡Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

wb`k©b cwi¯‹vi Kivi ci G¸‡jv wewfbœ Av‡jv‡K Qwe †Zvjv n‡q‡Q|


11 yM© bMix wn‡m‡e GMviwmÜzi

wK‡kviMÄ †Rjv cvKzw›`qv Dc‡Rjvi Aa

weRwoZ ga¨hyMxq `yM© GwU| GMviwmÜz kãwU GLv‡b GMviwU b`x A‡_© eë

cwiwPZ nIqvi KviY nj GK mg‡q GwU A‡bK¸‡jv (evbvi, kxZjÿv, AvwoAvj Luv, wMqi my›`v

BZ¨vw`) b`xi ms‡hvM ’‡j Aew ’Z wQj| RbkÖæwZ Abyhvqx †eeya bv‡g GKRb †KvP DcRvwZ cÖavb

†lvok kZvãx‡Z yM©wU wbg©vb K‡i GwU‡K Zvi ivRavbx‡Z cwibZ K‡ib

w`wN i‡q‡Q †hwU‡K Ô†eeya ivRvi w`wNÕ ejv n‡q _v‡K| avibv Kiv nq †h G w`wNi cv‡oB GKwU

ivRcÖmv` wQj| m¤¢eZ Cmv Lvb †eeya ivRvi KvQ †_‡K G yM©wU `Lj K‡ib| yM©wU ms¯‹vi K‡i GKwU

kw³kvjx mvgwiK NvwU‡Z DbœxZ Kivi K…wZZ¡ Cmv Lv‡bi| 1

Ges Cmv Lv‡bi mv‡_ Pzw³ K‡i wd‡i hvb|

mß`k kZvãx‡Z G yM©wU ÔAngÕiv `Lj K‡i †bq| Bmjvg Lvb Zv‡ì civwRZ K‡i yM©wU aŸsk K‡i

†`b| 1897 mv‡ji weaŸsmx fzwgK‡¤ú G ~‡M©i AewkôvskI wbwðý n‡q hvq| mß`k kZvãx‡Z GLv‡b

`ywU gmwR` wbwg©Z nq mv`x gmwR` I kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR`| m¤¢eZ kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR‡` eëüZ

cv_i¸‡jv `y‡M©i aŸskve‡kl †_‡K msMÖn Kiv| G¸‡jv gymjgvb Avg‡ji cv_i bq| Lye m¤¢eZ cÖvK

gymwjg Avg‡j GLv‡b gw›ì wfwËK ¯’vc‡Zï Aw¯ÍZ¡ wQj|

`yM©wU gvwUi †`qvj †Niv wQj hvi wfZ

wQj Ges Ab¨ wZb w`‡K b`x Øviv cwi‡ewôZ wQj| DËi I c~e© w`‡K k•Lb`xi euvK Ges `wÿY w`‡K

wekvjvKvi eªþcyÎ I kxZjÿv b`x|

AmsL¨ BU, B‡Ui UzKiv, g„rcv‡Îi fMœvsk, wKQz cv_i Ges K‡qKwU gvwUi wXwe GLv‡b

Av‡Q| y‡M©i †Kvb KvVv‡gvMZ wPý eZ©gv‡b †bB|

cÖvPxi ¸‡jv †K‡U cwiLv fivU K‡i Pvlvev` Kiv n‡”Q| cÖK…Z c‡ÿ GLv‡b †eŠ×

22 hvKvwiqv, Aveyj Kvjvg †gvnv¤§`, evsjv‡`‡ki cÖZœm¤ú`, 23

hvKvwiqv, Aveyj Kvjvg †gvnv¤§`, evsjv‡`‡ki cÖZœm¤ú`,24 Rvnvb, kvnbvR û‡mb, evsjvwcwWqv, LÛ-2, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 73|

72

yM© bMix wn‡m‡e GMviwmÜzi

‡kviMÄ †Rjv cvKzw›`qv Dc‡Rjvi Aax‡b GMviwmÜzi MÖv‡g GB `yM©wU Aew ’Z| Cmv Lvb bvg

weRwoZ ga¨hyMxq yM© GwU| GMviwmÜz kãwU GLv‡b GMviwU b`x A‡_© eëüZ n‡q‡Q| G yM©wU G bv‡g



†lvok kZvãx‡Z yM©wU wbg©vb K‡i GwU‡K Zvi ivRavbx‡Z cwibZ K‡ib| GL‡bv GLv‡b GKwU cyiv‡bv



kvjx mvgwiK NvwU‡Z DbœxZ Kivi K…wZZ¡ Cmv Lv‡bi| 1589 wLªóv‡ã gvbwmsn `yM©wU Avµgb K‡ib

K‡i wd‡i hvb|



R` wbwg©Z nq mv`x gmwR` I kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR`| m¤¢eZ kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR‡` eëüZ


gymwjg Avg‡j GLv‡b gw›ì wfwËK ¯’vc‡Zï Aw¯ÍZ¡ wQj|22

yM©wU gvwUi †`qvj †Niv wQj hvi wfZ wQj cÖvq 60 dzU PIov| yM©wUi cwðg w`‡K gvby‡li ˆZix cwiLv


wekvjvKvi eªþcyÎ I kxZjÿv b`x|23

AmsL¨ BU, B‡Ui UzKiv, g„rcv‡Îi fMœvsk, wKQz cv_i Ges K‡qKwU gvwUi wXwe GLv‡b

Av‡Q| y‡M©i †Kvb KvVv‡gvMZ wPý eZ©gv‡b †bB|24 eZ©gv‡b mgMÖ GjvKv Ry‡o Pvlvev` Kiv n‡”Q| yM©

cÖvPxi ¸‡jv †K‡U cwiLv fivU K‡i Pvlvev` Kiv n‡”Q| cÖK…Z c‡ÿ GLv‡b †eŠ×

evsjv‡`‡ki cÖZœm¤ú`, 1984, evsjv‡`k wkíKjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv, 485-489|evsjv‡`‡ki cÖZœm¤ú`, 1984, evsjv‡`k wkíKjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv, 488|


x‡b GMviwmÜzi MÖv‡g GB yM©wU Aew ’Z| Cmv Lvb bvg

üZ n‡q‡Q| G yM©wU G bv‡g



| GL‡bv GLv‡b GKwU cyiv‡bv



589 wLªóv‡ã gvbwmsn `yM©wU Avµgb K‡ib



R` wbwg©Z nq mv`x gmwR` I kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR`| m¤¢eZ kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR‡` eëüZ


wQj cÖvq 60 dzU PIov| yM©wUi cwðg w`‡K gvby‡li ˆZix cwiLv


AmsL¨ BU, B‡Ui UzKiv, g„rcv‡Îi fMœvsk, wKQz cv_i Ges K‡qKwU gvwUi wXwe GLv‡b Qwo‡q wQwU‡q

eZ©gv‡b mgMÖ GjvKv Ry‡o Pvlvev` Kiv n‡”Q| yM©

cÖvPxi ¸‡jv †K‡U cwiLv fivU K‡i Pvlvev` Kiv n‡”Q| cÖK…Z c‡ÿ GLv‡b †eŠ×-wn› y hy‡Mi GKwU

489|


myiwÿZ y‡M©i Ae¯’vb wQj e‡j Rvbv hvq|

mbv³ Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ| Z‡e Gi Av‡

¸Mj Av_© g¨vc eënvi K‡iwQ| GB g¨v‡ci gva¨‡g y‡M© Ae¯’vb mbv

welq n‡jv ’vbxqevmx‡Ì AÁZvi d‡j y‡M©I gvwU †K‡U cwiLv

eZ©gv‡b Pvlvev` Kiv n‡”Q| Avgiv GLv‡b `y‡M©I ywU DPz wXwe mbv

ms¯‹vi Kiv bvn‡j nqZ A`~I fwel¨‡Z Zv Avi

, GMviwmÜzi

73

myiwÿZ y‡M©i Ae ’vb wQj e‡j Rvbv hvq| Avgiv AbymÜvb K‡i GLv‡b yM© cÖvPx‡ii ywU ’vb

Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ| Z‡e Gi Av‡kcv‡ki Ave ’vb †`‡L cwiLvi Ae ’vb mbv³ Kiv m¤¢e|

¸Mj Av_© g¨vc eënvi K‡iwQ| GB g¨v‡ci gva¨‡g y‡M© Ae¯’vb mbv³ Kiv hvq| wKš‘ me‡P‡q yt‡Li

welq n‡jv ’vbxqevmx‡Ì AÁZvi d‡j y‡M©I gvwU †K‡U cwiLv¸‡jv fivU Kiv n‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b

eZ©gv‡b Pvlvev` Kiv n‡”Q| Avgiv GLv‡b y‡M©I ywU DPz wXwe mbv³ Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ| G¸‡jv GLb

ms¯‹vi Kiv bvn‡j nqZ A`~I fwel¨‡Z Zv Avi Ly‡R cvIqv †h‡Z bvI cv‡i|

b yM© cÖvPx‡ii ywU ¯’vb

vb mbv³ Kiv m¤¢e| Avgiv

Kiv hvq| wKš‘ me‡P‡q yt‡Li

¸‡jv fivU Kiv n‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b

Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ| G¸‡jv GLb


12 mf¨Zvi ïiæ‡Z cÖ‡qvRb n‡qwQj mÂqfvÛv‡ii,

evsjv‡`‡ki cÖZœZË¡ PP©vq `xN©w`b Ae‡nwjZ g„rcvÎ I Gi fMœvs‡ki we‡kølY †_‡K mgmvgwqK

mvgvwRK, ms¯‹…wZK, ag©xq, evwYwR¨K I cÖhyw

mf¨Zv m~Pbvi Ab¨Zg gvBjdjK ejv nq|

b‡evcjxq ¯’vqx emwZi hy‡M g„rcv‡Îi

m~ÎcvZ| cwðg Gwkqvq wLªóc~e© 7000 A‡ã

g„rcv‡Îi eënvi ïiæ nq| Rvcv‡bi Rygb

ms¯‹…wZ‡Z AvR †_‡K cÖvq 10000 eQi c~‡e©

g„rcvÎ eënv‡ii K_v hvbv hvq| Dcgnv‡`‡ki

†g‡niM‡o wLªóc~e© 5000 A‡ãi g„rcvÎ

Avwe¯‹…Z n‡q‡Q|25

g„rcvÎi g~j Dcv`vb nj Kv`vgvwU| Kv`vgvwU‡K we‡kl AvKvi w`‡

†cvov‡bv nq| b`x BcZ¨Kv AÂ‡j Kv`vgvwUi mnRjf¨Zv †ewk| Dcgnv‡ì‡ki M½v AeevwnKvi gvwU

g„rcvÎ ˆZixi Rb¨ DrK„ó| evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk cÖZœ ’v‡b g„rcvÎ cvIqv hvq| Z‡e Gme g„rcv‡Îi

aiY mvavib| wK‡kviM‡Äi GMviwmÜzi MÖv‡gI Avgv‡ì AbymÜv‡b

cvB| Gme g„rcvÎ I Gi fMœvsk¸‡jv‡K Avgiv Gi we‡klZ¡mn e¨vL¨v K‡iwQ| Z‡e Gme g„rcv‡Îi

AwaKvsk mvi‡dm Kv‡j&Kkb|

25 ingvb, mywd †gv¯—vwdRyi, g„rcvÎ, cÖZœZvwË¡K HwZn¨,146|

74

g„rcvÎ we‡kølY mf¨Zvi ïiæ‡Z cÖ‡qvRb n‡qwQj mÂqfvÛv‡ii, evmb‡Kvmb cÖf…wZi| cÖZœZvwË¡K Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e


mvgvwRK, ms¯‹…wZK, ag©xq, evwYwR¨K I cÖhyw³MZ wPÎ cvIqv hv‡e g„rcvÎ we‡¤øl‡Y| g„rcvÎ‡K gvbe

mf¨Zv m~Pbvi Ab¨Zg gvBjdjK ejv nq|

‡evcjxq ’vqx emwZi hy‡M g„rcv‡Îi

m~ÎcvZ| cwðg Gwkqvq wLªóc~e© 7000 A‡ã

g„rcv‡Îi eënvi ïiæ nq| Rvcv‡bi Rygb

ms¯‹…wZ‡Z AvR †_‡K cÖvq 10000 eQi c~‡e©

g„rcvÎ eënv‡ii K_v hvbv hvq| Dcgnv‡`‡ki

†g‡niM‡o wLªóc~e© 5000 A‡ãi g„rcvÎ

wPÎ : GMvi wmÜz‡Z cÖvß g„rcvÎ

j Dcv`vb nj Kv`vgvwU| Kv`vgvwU‡K we‡kl AvKvi w`‡q †iv‡` ïwK‡q k



aiY mvavib| wK‡kviM‡Äi GMviwmÜzi MÖv‡gI Avgv‡ì AbymÜv‡b cÖPzi g„rcvÎ I Gi fMœvsk Ly‡R


cÖZœZvwË¡K HwZn¨, mywd †gv¯—vwdRyi ingvb (m¤úv), XvKv: evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU

evmb‡Kvmb cÖf…wZi| cÖZœZvwË¡K Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e


MZ wPÎ cvIqv hv‡e g„rcvÎ we‡¤øl‡Y| g„rcvÎ‡K gvbe

wPÎ : GMvi wmÜz‡Z cÖvß g„rcvÎ

q †iv‡` ïwK‡q k³ K‡i Av¸‡b



cÖPzi g„rcvÎ I Gi fMœvsk Ly‡R


vwdRyi ingvb (m¤úv), XvKv: evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, 2007,


ℵ DËivÂjxq Kv‡jv gm„Y g„rcvÎ

DËivÂjxq Kv‡jv gm„Y g„rcv‡Îi eybb mvavibZ myÿ&Y I cvZjv| GwU ˆZixKv‡j gvwU‡K fvjfv‡e

gvw_Z Ki‡Z nq| Gi is mvavibZ ev`vgxKv‡jv nq Z‡e bxj, †Mvjvcx, †mvbvjx, PK‡jU, †e¸wb

I Mvp jvjI nq| g„rcvÎ¸wj mvavibZ bKkvnxb| Gi AvK…wZ we‡kl ai‡bi _vjv, `xN© Mjv hy

cvÎ, wcwiP, ÿz`ªvK…wZi fvRb, bjhy

gm„Y g„rcvÎ¸wj m¤¢eZ AwfRvZ †kÖwYi Rb¨ ˆZix, hv LyeB g~jëvb| GB g„rcvÎ¸wj‡K Avevi

ÕGwjU Iq¨viÕ ejv nq| AwZ D”P ZvcgvÎ cÖ‡qvM K‡i GB aib‡i g„rcvÎ ˆZix Kiv n‡Zv| cÖvPxb

wek¦ mf¨Zvi †kÖô g„rcvÎ¸‡jvi GKwU nj DËivÂjxq Kv‡jv gm„Y g„tcvÎ| GB ai‡bi g„rcvÎ

†f‡½ †M‡j Zv Avevi Zvgvi cvZ w`‡q †Rvov jvMv‡bvi wb`k©b cvIqv †M‡Q| Gi Kvib nj

Drcv`‡bi †P‡q †Rvov jvMv‡Z LiP Kg n‡Zv|

AbyÜv‡bi d‡j

GB MÖv‡g Avgiv

DËivÂjxq Kv‡jv

gm„Y g„rcv‡Îi

GKwU LÛvsk

cvB| GB

LÛvskwU Avgv‡ì

GB AÂ‡ji

BwZnvm M‡elYvq

Av‡iv ¸iæZ¡c~b©

n‡q D‡V| GLv‡b

GLb ch©šÍ †Kvb DrLbb Kvh© cwiPvjbv nqwb Ges GKwU LÛvsk ev‡` Avi †Kvb wKQz cvIqv hvq

wb| ZvB Avgiv Gi m¤ú‡K© we ÍvwiZ wKQz ej‡Z cviwQ bv| Z‡e GB LÛvsk GB AÂ‡ji

26

Sita Ram Roy, The Northern Black Polished Ware in Bihar, in B. P. Sinha (ed.), Potteries in Ancient India,

(Patna 1969), 171.

, GMviwmÜzi

75

DËivÂjxq Kv‡jv gm„Y g„rcvÎ


vw_Z Ki‡Z nq| Gi is mvavibZ ev`vgxKv‡jv nq Z‡e bxj, †Mvjvcx, †mvbvjx, PK‡jU, †e¸wb

I Mvp jvjI nq| g„rcvÎ¸wj mvavibZ bKkvnxb| Gi AvK…wZ we‡kl ai‡bi _vjv, `xN© Mjv hy

cvÎ, wcwiP, ÿz`ªvK…wZi fvRb, bjhy³ cvÎ, myivcvÎ, evwU I XvKbv n‡q _v‡K| DËivÂjxq Kv‡jv

m„Y g„rcvÎ¸wj m¤¢eZ AwfRvZ †kÖwYi Rb¨ ˆZix, hv LyeB g~jëvb| GB g„rcvÎ¸wj‡K Avevi



j Zv Avevi Zvgvi cvZ w`‡q †Rvov jvMv‡bvi wb`k©b cvIqv †M‡Q| Gi Kvib nj

Drcv`‡bi †P‡q †Rvov jvMv‡Z LiP Kg n‡Zv|26

wPÎ : GMvi wmÜz‡Z cÖvß DËivÂjxq Kv‡jv gm„Y g„rcv‡Îi LÛvsk


wb| ZvB Avgiv Gi m¤ú‡K© we ÍvwiZ wKQz ej‡Z cviwQ bv| Z‡e GB LÛvsk GB AÂ‡ji



vw_Z Ki‡Z nq| Gi is mvavibZ ev`vgxKv‡jv nq Z‡e bxj, †Mvjvcx, †mvbvjx, PK‡jU, †e¸wb

I Mvp jvjI nq| g„rcvÎ¸wj mvavibZ bKkvnxb| Gi AvK…wZ we‡kl ai‡bi _vjv, `xN© Mjv hy³

cvÎ, myivcvÎ, evwU I XvKbv n‡q _v‡K| DËivÂjxq Kv‡jv

m„Y g„rcvÎ¸wj m¤¢eZ AwfRvZ †kÖwYi Rb¨ ˆZix, hv LyeB g~jëvb| GB g„rcvÎ¸wj‡K Avevi



j Zv Avevi Zvgvi cvZ w`‡q †Rvov jvMv‡bvi wb`k©b cvIqv †M‡Q| Gi Kvib nj

wPÎ : GMvi wmÜz‡Z cÖvß DËivÂjxq Kv‡jv gm„Y g„rcv‡Îi LÛvsk


wb| ZvB Avgiv Gi m¤ú‡K© we ÍvwiZ wKQz ej‡Z cviwQ bv| Z‡e GB LÛvsk GB AÂ‡ji cÖvPxbZ¡



wb‡ ©k K‡i| wK‡kviM‡Äi cv‡k HwZn¨gwÛZ Dqvix

Kv‡jv gm„Y g„rcvÎ cvIqv †M‡Q| GQvovI evsjv‡`‡ki gnv¯’vbM‡o GB ai‡bi g„rcvÎ cvIqv

†M‡Q| G ai‡bi g„rcv‡Îi Avqy¯‹vj AvbygwbK 600

cwiPvjb n‡j Gi m¤ú‡K© nq‡Zv Av‡iv ARvbv Z_¨ †ewi‡q Avm‡e|

ℵ Kv‡jv cÖ‡jvc hy³ g„rcvÎ

Kv‡jv cÖ‡jvchy³ g„rcv‡Î GKwU cÖ‡jvc mgfv‡e †Ìqv n‡Zv, d‡j A‡bKUv y¨wZgq fve G‡jI

DËivÂjxq Kv‡jv gm„Y g„rc‡Îi Av‡jv‡Kv¾¡j fveUv Abycw¯’Z| GB Kv‡jv cÖ‡jvchy

Aek¨B DbœZ gvbm¤úbœ, wKš‘ A‡bK mgq mwVKfv‡e †cvov‡bv nq bv Ges axi MwZ m¤úbœ PvKvq

ˆZix g„rcvÎ cvIqv hvq| GB g„rcv‡Îi g¾vi is a~mi| wewfbœ aib‡i evwU AwaK msL¨K cvIqv

hvq| Z‡e _vjv, fvRb, bjhy

Avgv‡ì AbymÜv‡b GMviwmÜz‡Z GKwU eo AvKv‡ii Kv‡jv cÖ‡jvchy

LÛvsk cvIqv †M‡Q| GB g„rcvÎ¸wj Avgv‡ì cixÿvg~jK †mKk‡b cvIqv †M‡Q| avibv Kiv nq

GwU Lv`¨ MÖn‡bi mgq eënvi Kiv n‡Zv| gnv ’vbMo Ges Dqvix

†M‡Q| Gi mgqKvj wbb©q Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| Z‡e AvbygvwbK avibv Kiv nq GwU ga¨hy‡Mi †Kvb GK

mg‡qi g„rcvÎ|

wPÎ : Lb‡bi mgq g„rcvÎ

27 mv‡`Kz¾vgvb, Dqvix-e‡Uk¦i DrLb‡b cÖvß g„rcvÎ: GKwU cÖv_wgK Drm wbf©i cZœZvwË¡K M‡elYvRvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv-2005)|

76

wb‡ ©k K‡i| wK‡kviM‡Äi cv‡k HwZn¨gwÛZ Dqvix-e‡Uk¦i Aew¯’Z| GLv‡b DËivÂjxq

Kv‡jv gm„Y g„rcvÎ cvIqv †M‡Q| GQvovI evsjv‡`‡ki gnv ’vbM‡o GB ai‡bi g„rcvÎ cvIqv

†M‡Q| G ai‡bi g„rcv‡Îi Avqy¯‹vj AvbygwbK 600-100 wLªóc~e©| GLv‡b DrLbb Kvh©µg

i m¤ú‡K© nq‡Zv Av‡iv ARvbv Z_¨ †ewi‡q Avm‡e|

g„rcvÎ

g„rcv‡Î GKwU cÖ‡jvc mgfv‡e †Ìqv n‡Zv, d‡j A‡bKUv y¨wZgq fve G‡jI

DËivÂjxq Kv‡jv gm„Y g„rc‡Îi Av‡jv‡Kv¾¡j fveUv Abycw ’Z| GB Kv‡jv cÖ‡jvchy

gvbm¤úbœ, wKš‘ A‡bK mgq mwVKfv‡e †cvov‡bv nq bv Ges axi MwZ m¤úbœ PvKvq


hvq| Z‡e _vjv, fvRb, bjhy³ cvÎ mn wewfbœ AvK…wZi Kv‡jv cÖ‡jvchy³ g„rcvÎ cvIqv hvq|

AbymÜv‡b GMviwmÜz‡Z GKwU eo AvKv‡ii Kv‡jv cÖ‡jvchy³ g„rcvÎ Ges g„rcv‡Îi fv½v


GwU Lv`¨ MÖn‡bi mgq eënvi Kiv n‡Zv| gnv ’vbMo Ges Dqvix-e‡Uk¦‡i G ai‡bi g„rcvÎ cvIqv

Kvj wbb©q Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| Z‡e AvbygvwbK avibv Kiv nq GwU ga¨hy‡Mi †Kvb GK

wPÎ : Lb‡bi mgq g„rcvÎ wPÎ : Lb‡bi c‡i g„rcvÎ

Uk¦i DrLb‡b cÖvß g„rcvÎ: GKwU cÖv_wgK Drm wbf©i cZœZvwË¡K M‡elYv, Gg. G. w_wmm, (cÖZœZË¡ wefvM,

e‡Uk¦i Aew ’Z| GLv‡b DËivÂjxq

Kv‡jv gm„Y g„rcvÎ cvIqv †M‡Q| GQvovI evsjv‡`‡ki gnv ’vbM‡o GB ai‡bi g„rcvÎ cvIqv

100 wLªóc~e©| GLv‡b DrLbb Kvh©µg

g„rcv‡Î GKwU cÖ‡jvc mgfv‡e †Ìqv n‡Zv, d‡j A‡bKUv y¨wZgq fve G‡jI

DËivÂjxq Kv‡jv gm„Y g„rc‡Îi Av‡jv‡Kv¾¡j fveUv Abycw ’Z| GB Kv‡jv cÖ‡jvchy³ g„rcvÎ

gvbm¤úbœ, wKš‘ A‡bK mgq mwVKfv‡e †cvov‡bv nq bv Ges axi MwZ m¤úbœ PvKvq


g„rcvÎ cvIqv hvq|27

g„rcvÎ Ges g„rcv‡Îi fv½v


e‡Uk¦‡i G ai‡bi g„rcvÎ cvIqv

Kvj wbb©q Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| Z‡e AvbygvwbK avibv Kiv nq GwU ga¨hy‡Mi †Kvb GK

wPÎ : Lb‡bi c‡i g„rcvÎ

, Gg. G. w_wmm, (cÖZœZË¡ wefvM,


ℵ Ab¨vb¨

GQvovI G AÂj †_‡K d¨vKw‡k jvj g„rcvÎ Ges g„rcv‡Îi fv½v UzKiv cv

g„rcvÎ AwZ mvavib| N‡ii wewfbœ Kv‡R G¸‡jv e¨envi Kiv n‡Zv| evwU, Mvgjv, nvwo, Kjmmn

wewfbœ AvK…wZi g„rcv‡Îi fv½v LÛvsk cvIqv †M‡Q|

ℵ g„rcv‡Îi bK&kv

AbymÜv‡b cÖvß g„rcv‡Îi Mv‡q wKQz bK&kv Kiv Av‡Q| wb‡¤œ Zv †`Iqv nj|

, GMviwmÜzi

77

GQvovI G AÂj †_‡K d¨vKw‡k jvj g„rcvÎ Ges g„rcv‡Îi fv½v UzKiv cv


wewfbœ AvK…wZi g„rcv‡Îi fv½v LÛvsk cvIqv †M‡Q|


GQvovI G AÂj †_‡K d¨vKw‡k jvj g„rcvÎ Ges g„rcv‡Îi fv½v UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q| G ai‡bi




13 gmwR`

Avi‡e Bmjvg ag© cÖPv‡ii ci Ab¨vb¨ AÂ‡jI Gi cÖmvi N‡U| we‡klfv‡e DgvBqv kvmbvg‡j gymwjg

mv¤ªvR¨ we¯Ív‡ii bwRi wenxb `„óvšÍ ’vwcZ nq|

gymwjg kvmb cÖwZwôZ n‡jI cÖZœZvwË¡K I HwZnvwmK m~Î †_‡K Rvbv hvq AvU kZK †_‡KB evsjvi

m‡½ gymjgvb Avie ewYK‡ì mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM ’vwcZ nq| 1204 mv‡j eLwZqv LjwRi b`xq weR‡qi

ga¨ w`‡q evsjvq gymwjg ivR kw³

m¤ªvU AvKei 1576 mv‡j evsjvq †gvMj mv¤ªvR¨ cÖwZôv K‡ib| Avgiv GMviwmÜz‡Z †h ywU gmwR`

cvB Zv †gvMj Avg‡j wbwg©Z| GKwU nj kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR` (GwUi mwVK wbg©vY mb Rvbv hvq wb),

AciwU nj mv`x gmwR` (1652 wLª.)| GB y‡Uv gmwR` †gvMj Avg‡j wbwg©Z n‡jI wbg©vY ˆk

myjZvwb ixwZ jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| GB gmwR` y‡Uv ‡QvU I GK M¤yR wewkó hv myjZvwb gmwR‡` jÿ¨ Kiv

hvq| †gvMj gmwR` mvavibZ AvqZ‡b eo Ges wZb `¤^yR wewkó n‡q _v‡K| myjZvwb gmwR‡`

cøv÷v‡ii cwie‡Z© †Uiv‡KvUv †cøM _v‡K| GB gmwR‡Ì †Uiv‡KvUv †cøM Øviv wWRvBb Kiv| †

gmwR‡` mvavibZ Pzb-myiwK Øviv cøvóvi Kiv _v‡K| hwÌ GB gmwR‡ì A‡bKvs‡k Pzb

cøv÷vi Kiv Avv‡Q| G QvovI kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR‡ì cÖ‡ekc_ GKwU †`vPvjv Ni hv GB gmwR`‡K

Av‡iv ¸iæZ¡ evwo‡q †`q| †gvMj ¯’vcwZ¨K ixwZ Abyhvqx eyiæR¸‡jv‡Z e¨vÛ bKkv Kiv A

eyiæR¸‡jv Qv` ‡_‡K Dc‡ii w`‡K DwÌZ n‡q‡Q| gmwR‡ì cÖ‡ek c_ Ges wgnivi †Uiv‡KvUvi †cøM

Øviv wWRvBb Kiv n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki wbR¯ ¯’vcZ¨ êwkó¨ Pvjv N‡ii cÖwZdjb myjZvwb Ges †gvMj

Avg‡j eû gmwR‡` †`Lv hv‡e|

28

P.K. Hitti, History of Arabs, Cited in , CLIO

of History, Jahangirnagar University, Vol 10, (198829 mywd †gv¯—vwdRyi ingvb, Kvgiæ‡bœmv L›`Kvi, †mvnive DwÏb †mŠif, g„rcvÎevsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, 2007, 90-91

78

¯’vcZ¨


mv¤ªvR¨ we¯Ív‡ii bwRi wenxb `„óvšÍ ’vwcZ nq|28 evsjvq ivR kw³i gva¨‡g †Zi kZ‡K G‡`‡k



ga¨ w`‡q evsjvq gymwjg ivR kw³i DÌvb N‡U|29

¤ªvU AvKei 1576 mv‡j evsjvq †gvMj mv¤ªvR¨ cÖwZôv K‡ib| Avgiv GMviwmÜz‡Z †h ywU gmwR`


AciwU nj mv`x gmwR` (1652 wLª.)| GB y‡Uv gmwR` †gvMj Avg‡j wbwg©Z n‡jI wbg©vY ˆk

myjZvwb ixwZ jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| GB gmwR` y‡Uv ‡QvU I GK M¤yR wewkó hv myjZvwb gmwR‡` jÿ¨ Kiv


cøv÷v‡ii cwie‡Z© †Uiv‡KvUv †cøM _v‡K| GB gmwR‡Ì †Uiv‡KvUv †cøM Øviv wWRvBb Kiv| †

myiwK Øviv cøvóvi Kiv _v‡K| hwÌ GB gmwR‡ì A‡bKvs‡k Pzb


Av‡iv ¸iæZ¡ evwo‡q †`q| †gvMj ¯’vcwZ¨K ixwZ Abyhvqx eyiæR¸‡jv‡Z e¨vÛ bKkv Kiv A


evsjv‡`‡ki wbR¯ ¯’vcZ¨ êwkó¨ Pvjv N‡ii cÖwZdjb myjZvwb Ges †gvMj

Avg‡j eû gmwR‡` †`Lv hv‡e| gmwR`, mgvwa‡Z Pvjv Qv` eënvi K‡iI cieZ©xKv

P.K. Hitti, History of Arabs, Cited in , CLIO ‡gv, Avãyj KzÏym, Õag©xq ¯’vc‡Z¨ DgvBqv Ae`vbÕ, Journal of the department

, Jahangirnagar University, Vol 10, (1988-98, 256

Ryi ingvb, Kvgiæ‡bœmv L›`Kvi, †mvnive DwÏb †mŠif, g„rcvÎ, cÖZœZvwË¡K HwZn¨, mywd †gv¯—vwdRyi ingvb (m¤úv), XvKv: 91|


i gva¨‡g †Zi kZ‡K G‡`‡k



¤ªvU AvKei 1576 mv‡j evsjvq †gvMj mv¤ªvR¨ cÖwZôv K‡ib| Avgiv GMviwmÜz‡Z †h ywU gmwR`


AciwU nj mv`x gmwR` (1652 wLª.)| GB `y‡Uv gmwR` †gvMj Avg‡j wbwg©Z n‡jI wbg©vY ˆkjx‡Z

myjZvwb ixwZ jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| GB gmwR` y‡Uv ‡QvU I GK M¤^yR wewkó hv myjZvwb gmwR‡` jÿ¨ Kiv


cøv÷v‡ii cwie‡Z© †Uiv‡KvUv †cøM _v‡K| GB gmwR‡Ì †Uiv‡KvUv †cøM Øviv wWRvBb Kiv| †gvMj

myiwK Øviv cøvóvi Kiv _v‡K| hwÌ GB gmwR‡ì A‡bKvs‡k Pzb-myiwK Øviv


Av‡iv ¸iæZ¡ evwo‡q †`q| †gvMj ’vcwZ¨K ixwZ Abyhvqx eyiæR¸‡jv‡Z e¨vÛ bKkv Kiv Av‡Q Ges


evsjv‡`‡ki wbR¯^ ¯’vcZ¨ êwkó¨ Pvjv N‡ii cÖwZdjb myjZvwb Ges †gvMj

gmwR`, mgvwa‡Z Pvjv Qv` eënvi K‡iI cieZ©xKv‡j †`vPvjv Ni

Journal of the department

vwdRyi ingvb (m¤úv), XvKv:


dUK wn‡m‡e eëüZ n‡q‡Q GMviwmÜzi MÖv‡gi kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR‡`|

evsivi wbR¯ I êwkó¨c~b© Pvjv ¯’vc‡Zï cÖfve LyeB ¯úó|

wn› y ¯’vcZ¨

GLv‡b AbymÜv‡bi d‡j wKQz wn› y ag©xq ’vcZ¨ mbv

’vcwZ¨K êwkó¨ Ab¨Zg| eZ©gv‡b GLv‡b y‡Uv gw›ì cvkvcvwk Av‡Q| GKwUi Qv` †`vPvjv AvK…wZi

Ges Ab¨wUi Qv` †PŠPvjv AvK…wZi| Pvjv AvK…wZi Qv` evsjvi Kzu‡o N‡ii K_v ¯§iY Kwi‡q †

gw›`‡ii cv‡k GKwU †Lvjv RvqMv Av‡Q| gw›`‡ii MVb I ‡Lvjv RvqMvi aiY †`‡L g‡b nq GLv‡b

Av‡iKwU †PŠPvjv gw›ì Av‡Q| hwÌ eZ©gv‡b GLv‡b †Kvb ’vcZ¨ †`Lv hvqbv|

wewfbœ ai‡bi KviæKvR wQj, hvi wKQz Ask GLbI wU‡K Av‡Q

hv †e‡eva ivRvi gw›ì bv‡g cwiwPZ|

KÿwU †`vPvjv Ges GB K‡ÿi yB cv‡ki ywU Ni †PŠPvjv|

Ab¨vb¨

GQvovI GLv‡b K‡qKwU aŸmve‡kl ¯’vcZ¨ cvIqv hvq| G¸‡jv n‡jv bxj KzwV I bRiæ‡ji wfUv|

bxjKzwV e„wUk hy‡Mi GKwU ’vcbv| eZ©gv‡b GwU aŸs‡mi c‡_|

cwiZ¨³ Ae¯’vq i‡q‡Q| me‡P‡q D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nj cxi Mwieyjøvn gvRv‡ii wb‡P GKwU ¯’vcbv i‡q‡Q|

GB ¯’vcbvwU eZ©gv‡b wXwe AvKv‡i i‡q‡Q| GLv‡b DrLbb Kvh© cwiPvjbv Kiv n‡j GKwU bZzb

aŸmve‡kl ¯’vcZ¨ †ewi‡q Avm‡e|

30nvmvb, ‰mq` gvngy`yj, evsiv‡`‡ki gmwR`, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv, 1987, 56

, GMviwmÜzi

79

dUK wn‡m‡e eëüZ n‡q‡Q GMviwmÜzi MÖv‡gi kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR‡`|30

evsivi wbR¯ I êwkó¨c~b© Pvjv ¯’vc‡Zï cÖfve LyeB ¯úó|

GLv‡b AbymÜv‡bi d‡j wKQz wn› y ag©xq ’vcZ¨ mbv³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ êivMxi AvLivi


Ges Ab¨wUi Qv` †PŠPvjv AvK…wZi| Pvjv AvK…wZi Qv` evsjvi Kzu‡o N‡ii K_v ¯§iY Kwi‡q †


Av‡iKwU †PŠPvjv gw›ì Av‡Q| hwÌ eZ©gv‡b GLv‡b †Kvb ’vcZ¨ †`Lv hvqbv|

wewfbœ ai‡bi KviæKvR wQj, hvi wKQz Ask GLbI wU‡K Av‡Q| GQvovI GLv‡b A‡iK

hv †e‡eva ivRvi gw›ì bv‡g cwiwPZ| GwU GKwU cvKv gw›ì | GwU wZbKÿ wewkó| Gi gv‡Si

KÿwU †`vPvjv Ges GB K‡ÿi yB cv‡ki ywU Ni †PŠPvjv|

GQvovI GLv‡b K‡qKwU aŸmve‡kl ¯’vcZ¨ cvIqv hvq| G¸‡jv n‡jv bxj KzwV I bRiæ‡ji wfUv|

hy‡Mi GKwU ’vcbv| eZ©gv‡b GwU aŸs‡mi c‡_|bRiæ‡ji

me‡P‡q D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nj cxi Mwieyjøvn gvRv‡ii wb‡P GKwU ¯’vcbv i‡q‡Q|

GB ’vcbvwU eZ©gv‡b wXwe AvKv‡i i‡q‡Q| GLv‡b DrLbb Kvh© cwiPvjbv Kiv n‡j GKwU bZzb

cZ¨ †ewi‡q Avm‡e|

evsiv‡`‡ki gmwR`, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv, 1987, 56-57|

30 †gvMj ’vc‡Z¨

Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ êivMxi AvLivi


Ges Ab¨wUi Qv` †PŠPvjv AvK…wZi| Pvjv AvK…wZi Qv` evsjvi Kzu‡o N‡ii K_v ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q| GB


Av‡iKwU †PŠPvjv gw›ì Av‡Q| hwÌ eZ©gv‡b GLv‡b †Kvb ’vcZ¨ †`Lv hvqbv| ’vcbv ywUÕi †`qv‡j

| GQvovI GLv‡b A‡iKwU gw›ì Av‡Q|

GwU GKwU cvKv gw›ì | GwU wZbKÿ wewkó| Gi gv‡Si

GQvovI GLv‡b K‡qKwU aŸmve‡kl ’vcZ¨ cvIqv hvq| G¸‡jv n‡jv bxj KzwV I bRiæ‡ji wfUv|

bRiæ‡ji wfUv ¯’vcbvwU eZ©gv‡b

me‡P‡q D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nj cxi Mwieyjøvn gvRv‡ii wb‡P GKwU ’vcbv i‡q‡Q|

GB ¯’vcbvwU eZ©gv‡b wXwe AvKv‡i i‡q‡Q| GLv‡b DrLbb Kvh© cwiPvjbv Kiv n‡j GKwU bZzb


14 cuywZ n‡”Q gvbe e¨üZ cÖvPxb AjsKvi¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg| myZvi mvnv‡h¨ gvjv †Mu‡_ cywZ cwiavb

Kiv n‡Zv| RvwZZvwË¡K M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q †cvkvK AjsKi‡bI cuywZ eënvi Kiv n‡”Q| cyuwZ ˆZixi

KvPuvgv‡ji D”Pg~j¨ Ges cÖ ‘wZi e¨q GUvB

m¤úª vqGi g~j eënviKvix| Gme cuywZ wbg©v‡b ¯íg~jëvb cv_i, g~jëvb cv_i, KvuP, avZz, cÖvbxR

ùvZ, Aw¯’, †Lvjm, KvV, MR`šÍ cÖf…wZ Dcv`vb eëüZ n‡q _v‡K| evsjv‡`‡ki Dqvix

gnv ’AbMo, †mvgcyi wenvi, kvjeb we

Avwe¯‹…Z n‡q‡Q|31

GMvi wmÜz‡Z cªZœZvwË¡K AbymÜv‡bi d‡j K‡qKwU cuywZ ˆZixi Dcv`vb cvIqv †M‡Q| G¸‡jvi GKwU

nj Kv‡b©wjqvb| wLªóc~e© GK kZ‡K

iwPZ †cwicøv‡mi iPbv †_‡K Rvbv hvq

†h, wLªóxq kZK ¸‡jvi cÖ_g w`‡

evwiMvRv †_‡K †ivgvb mv¤ªv‡Rï w`‡K

e¨vcKnv‡i Kv‡b©wjqvb ißvbx n‡Zv|

m¤¢eZ Kv‡b©wjq‡bi AvKl©Yxq is Gi

Kvi‡b RbwcÖqZv| GQvovI GLv‡b

AbymÜv‡bi d‡j cuywZ gm„Y Kivi GKwU

cv_i cvIqv †M‡Q| Z‡e GLv‡b †Kvb

cuywZ bv cvIqv hvIqvq Gi m¤ú‡K©

we ÍvwiZ wKQz ejv m¤¢e bq| wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi cv‡k biwmsw` †Rjv Aew ’Z| GLv‡b cÖPzi cwigvb

cuywZ cvIqv †M‡Q| Dqvix-e‡Uk¦‡ii mv‡_ G AÂ‡ji GKUv ‡hvM myÎ _vK‡Z cv‡i|

31 ingvb, mywd †gv¯—vwdRyi, g„rcvÎ, cÖZœZvwË¡K HwZn¨,91| 32

Shantaram Bhalcandra Deo, Indian Beads A Cultural and Technological

80

cuywZ cuywZ n‡”Q gvbe e¨üZ cÖvPxb AjsKvi¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg| myZvi mvnv‡h¨ gvjv †Mu‡_ cywZ cwiavb


KvPuvgv‡ji D”Pg~j¨ Ges cÖ ‘wZi e¨q GUvB wb‡ ©k K‡i †h, ïaygvÎ ZrKvjxb D”P A_©‰bwZK


uvZ, Aw¯’, †Lvjm, KvV, MR`šÍ cÖf…wZ Dcv`vb eëüZ n‡q _v‡K| evsjv‡`‡ki Dqvix

gnv¯’AbMo, †mvgcyi wenvi, kvjeb wenvi, Avb›` wenvi, BUv‡Lvjv g~ov Ges LwjdvZvev‡` cuywZ


nj Kv‡b©wjqvb| wLªóc~e© GK kZ‡K

iwPZ †cwicøv‡mi iPbv †_‡K Rvbv hvq

†h, wLªóxq kZK ¸‡jvi cÖ_g w`‡K

evwiMvRv †_‡K †ivgvb mv¤ªv‡Rï w`‡K

e¨vcKnv‡i Kv‡b©wjqvb ißvbx n‡Zv|32

m¤¢eZ Kv‡b©wjq‡bi AvKl©Yxq is Gi

Kvi‡b RbwcÖqZv| GQvovI GLv‡b

AbymÜv‡bi d‡j cuywZ gm„Y Kivi GKwU

cv_i cvIqv †M‡Q| Z‡e GLv‡b †Kvb

cuywZ bv cvIqv hvIqvq Gi m¤ú‡K© wPÎ : cuywZ gm„Y Kivi cv_i


e‡Uk¦‡ii mv‡_ G AÂ‡ji GKUv ‡hvM myÎ _vK‡Z cv‡i|

cÖZœZvwË¡K HwZn¨, mywd †gv¯—vwdRyi ingvb (m¤úv), XvKv: evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU

Indian Beads A Cultural and Technological Study, (Pune 2000), 33.

cuywZ n‡”Q gvbe e¨üZ cÖvPxb AjsKvi¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg| myZvi mvnv‡h¨ gvjv †Mu‡_ cywZ cwiavb


wb‡ ©k K‡i †h, ïaygvÎ ZrKvjxb D”P A_©‰bwZK


ùvZ, Aw¯’, †Lvjm, KvV, MR`šÍ cÖf…wZ Dcv`vb eëüZ n‡q _v‡K| evsjv‡`‡ki Dqvix-e‡Uk¦i,

nvi, Avb›` wenvi, BUv‡Lvjv g~ov Ges LwjdvZvev‡` cuywZ


wPÎ : cuywZ gm„Y Kivi cv_i


e‡Uk¦‡ii mv‡_ G AÂ‡ji GKUv ‡hvM myÎ _vK‡Z cv‡i|

vwdRyi ingvb (m¤úv), XvKv: evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, 2007, 90-

(Pune 2000), 33.


, GMviwmÜzi

81

wPÎ : cuywZ ˆZixi Dcv`vb


15 Mwieyjøvn gvRv‡ii c~e© cv‡ki cyKy‡ii cv‡o cixÿvg~jK DrLb‡bi mgq †mKkb

†cvovgvwUi g~wZ© cvIqv †M‡Q| GB g~wZ©wUi gv_v cvIqv hvq wb| GwU GKwU bvix g~wZ©| hvi DbœZ eÿ,

`yB nvZ mvg‡bi w`‡K Ave×| GB bvix g~wZ©i wb‡Pi Ask †bB| Gi e`‡j wb‡P wZb

†e`x Av‡Q| Ggb n‡Z cv‡i †m †e`xi Dci e‡m Av‡Q| wKš‘ m¤úó ‡evSv hv‡”Qbv| Z‡e GwU wK

Kv‡R e¨eüZ Zv ejv hvq wb| avibv Kiv nq GwU nqZ †QvU AvKv‡ii gvZ…‡`ex cÖwZgv|

82

†cvovgvwUi g~wZ© Mwieyjøvn gvRv‡ii c~e© cv‡ki cyKy‡ii cv‡o cixÿvg~jK DrLb‡bi mgq †mKkb


yB nvZ mvg‡bi w`‡K Ave×| GB bvix g~wZ©i wb‡Pi Ask †bB| Gi e`‡j wb‡P wZb



wPÎ : †cvovgvwUi cÖwZgv, GMviwmÜz

Mwieyjøvn gvRv‡ii c~e© cv‡ki cyKy‡ii cv‡o cixÿvg~jK DrLb‡bi mgq †mKkb 2 †_‡K GKwU


`yB nvZ mvg‡bi w`‡K Ave×| GB bvix g~wZ©i wb‡Pi Ask †bB| Gi e`‡j wb‡P wZb avc wewkó GKwU




16 Qvcvw¼Z †iŠc¨ gy`ªv I Ab¨vb¨

1933 mv‡j Lb‡bi d‡j GLv‡b K‡qKwU Qvcvw¼Z ‡iŠc¨ gy`ªv Ges m¤úªwZ Gi AbwZ ~‡i jvjgvwUi

D”Pf~wg‡Z eª²cyÎ b‡ì GKwU Mfxi Lv‡ì cv‡k AvKwiK †jvnvi ˆZix nvZ KzVvi, el©v djK I

aby‡Ki eënv‡ii Dc‡hvMx

hvqwb|

†cvovgvwUi ej

‡cvovgvwUi cÖvPxb wb`k©b my‡gixq, wgkixq I niàv mf¨Zvq ‡`Lv hvq|

ej fviZe‡l©i wewfbœ ’v‡b cvIqv †M‡Q| g½j‡Kv‡U cÖvß ej Zv¤ª

gnv ’vbMo Ges Dqvix-e‡Uk¦‡i G ai‡bi †cvovgvwUi ej cvIqv †M‡Q|

cZœ ’v‡bi †cvovgvwUi ej cvIqv †M‡Q| Z‡e GB †cvovgvwUi e‡ji eënvi wb‡q wewfbœ gZev`

i‡q‡Q| A‡b‡K GK †cvovgvwUi gv‡e©j wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb|

wn‡m‡e eënv‡ii K_v e‡jb|

Avgv‡ì gvVK‡g©i AbymÜv‡b Mwieyjøvn gvRv‡ii DËi

w`‡K ywU †cvovgvwUi ej cvB| GB ejwU †MvjvKvi|

GwUi A‡b‡KUv fv½v| Z‡e Gi mgqKvj wb‡q wKQzB

ejv hv‡”Q bv| we ÍvwiZ M‡elYv Ges DrLb‡bi

gva¨‡g Gi Av‡iv Z_¨ †ewi‡q

33 A. S. Altekar and V.N. Maisra, 34 Amita Ray and Samir Kr. Mukherjee, Èxcavation at Mangaikot’,

of Archaeo;ogy, Govt. of west bengal, Vol35 Shah Sufi Mostafizur Rahman,

Mediaval Period), Dhaka-2000, 187.36 Kunja Gobinda Goswami, Excavation at Bangarh37 Sachindra Sekhar Biswas, Terracotta Art of Bengal

, GMviwmÜzi

83

wewea cÖZœe¯‘ Qvcvw¼Z †iŠc¨ gy`ªv I Ab¨vb¨

1933 mv‡j Lb‡bi d‡j GLv‡b K‡qKwU Qvcvw¼Z ‡iŠc¨ gy`ªv Ges m¤úªwZ Gi AbwZ ~‡i jvjgvwUi

cyÎ b‡ì GKwU Mfxi Lv‡ì cv‡k AvKwiK †jvnvi ˆZix nvZ KzVvi, el©v djK I

aby‡Ki eënv‡ii Dc‡hvMx cv_‡ii ¸wU Avwe¯‹…Z n‡q‡Q| Z‡e Gi m¤ú‡K© Avi †Kvb Z_¨ cvIhv

‡cvovgvwUi cÖvPxb wb`k©b my‡gixq, wgkixq I niàv mf¨Zvq ‡`Lv hvq|33 wewfbœ ai‡bi †cvovgvwUi

ej fviZe‡l©i wewfbœ ’v‡b cvIqv †M‡Q| g½j‡Kv‡U cÖvß ej Zv¤ª-cÖ ÍihyMxq|

e‡Uk¦‡i G ai‡bi †cvovgvwUi ej cvIqv †M‡Q|35 gqbvgwZ, cvnvocyi cÖf…wZ


i‡q‡Q| A‡b‡K GK †cvovgvwUi gv‡e©j wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb|36 Avevi †KD †KD G‡K ¸jwZi ¸wj

wn‡m‡e eënv‡ii K_v e‡jb|37

Avgv‡ì gvVK‡g©i AbymÜv‡b Mwieyjøvn gvRv‡ii DËi

w`‡K ywU †cvovgvwUi ej cvB| GB ejwU †MvjvKvi|

GwUi A‡b‡KUv fv½v| Z‡e Gi mgqKvj wb‡q wKQzB

ejv hv‡”Q bv| we ÍvwiZ M‡elYv Ges DrLb‡bi

gva¨‡g Gi Av‡iv Z_¨ †ewi‡q Avm‡e|

A. S. Altekar and V.N. Maisra, Report on Kumrahar Excavations 1951-55, (Patna 1959), 125.

Amita Ray and Samir Kr. Mukherjee, Èxcavation at Mangaikot’, Pratna-Samiksha,

of Archaeo;ogy, Govt. of west bengal, Vol-1, (1992), 107-134.

Shah Sufi Mostafizur Rahman, Archaeological Investigation in Bogura District (from Early Historic to Early

2000, 187.

Excavation at Bangarh, (1938-41), Calcutta, 1948, 25.

Terracotta Art of Bengal, Delhi, 1981, 90.

1933 mv‡j Lb‡bi d‡j GLv‡b K‡qKwU Qvcvw¼Z ‡iŠc¨ gy ªv Ges m¤úªwZ Gi AbwZ ~‡i jvjgvwUi

cyÎ b‡ì GKwU Mfxi Lv‡ì cv‡k AvKwiK †jvnvi ˆZix nvZ KzVvi, el©v djK I

Z‡e Gi m¤ú‡K© Avi †Kvb Z_¨ cvIhv

wewfbœ ai‡bi †cvovgvwUi

cÖ ÍihyMxq|34 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖZœ ’vb

gqbvgwZ, cvnvocyi cÖf…wZ


KD †KD G‡K ¸jwZi ¸wj

55, (Patna 1959), 125.

Journal of the Directorate

Archaeological Investigation in Bogura District (from Early Historic to Early


†cvovgvwUi ¸wUKv (Rv‡ji fvi)

G AÂ‡j cÖZœZvwË¡K AbymÜv‡bi d‡j Cmv Luvi y‡M©i c~e© cv‡k ywU †cvovgvwUi ¸wUKv cvIqv †M‡Q|

M‡elK‡ì g‡Z, G¸‡jv Rv‡ji fvi wn‡m‡e eëüZ n‡Zv| GMvi wmÜzi cvk w`‡q eªþcyÎ b`x e‡q

†M‡Q| GB b`x GB AÂ‡ji gv‡Qi cÖvPzh©Zvi K_v

wPÎ : GMviwmÜz †_‡K cÖvß †cvovgvwUi ¸wUKv

†jŠn LÛ

Avgv‡ì gvVK‡g©i AbymÜv‡b Mwieyjøvn gvRv‡ii cv‡k

`ywU †jvnvi UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q| GwUi †Kvb AvKvi cvIqv

hvq wb| GwU †`L‡Z †jvnvi wc‡Ûi gZ| GwU wK Kv‡R

eëüZ Zv Rvbv hvq wb| ZvB Gi m¤ú‡K© we ÍvwiZ wKQz

ejv hvq bv|

84

†cvovgvwUi ¸wUKv (Rv‡ji fvi)



†M‡Q| GB b`x GB AÂ‡ji gv‡Qi cÖvPzh©Zvi K_v Zz‡j a‡i|

wPÎ : GMviwmÜz †_‡K cÖvß †cvovgvwUi ¸wUKv

Avgv‡ì gvVK‡g©i AbymÜv‡b Mwieyjøvn gvRv‡ii cv‡k

ywU †jvnvi UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q| GwUi †Kvb AvKvi cvIqv

hvq wb| GwU †`L‡Z †jvnvi wc‡Ûi gZ| GwU wK Kv‡R

Gi m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ wKQz

wPÎ : GMviwmÜz †_‡K cÖvß †jŠn LÛ



wPÎ : GMviwmÜz †_‡K cÖvß †jŠn LÛ


17 eZ©gv‡b cÖZœkv‡¯¿ †jvKKvwnbx ¸iæZ¡c~b© welq wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡”Q| Gme †jvKKvwnbx cÖvqB

AwZK_b n‡jI Gme Kvwnbxi g‡a¨ A‡bK HwZnvwmK Z_¨ i‡q‡Q| †hgb : †jvKKvwnbxi m~Î

weL¨vZ Uªq bMix Avwe¯‹vi| ZvB Avgiv cÖZœ ’v‡bi †jŠwKK Kvwnbx¸‡jv Rvb‡Z †Póv Kwi| G¸‡jv

cieZ©x M‡elYvq Kv‡R jvM‡Z cv‡i| wb‡¤œ †jvKKvwnbx¸‡jv Zz‡j aiv nj

cxi Mwieyjøvni gvRvi : RbkÖæwZ Abyhvqx kvnRvjv‡ji mgq K‡qKRb AvIwjqv ag© cÖPv‡ii Rb¨

ga¨cÖvP¨ †_‡K wm‡j‡U Av‡mb| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †_‡K 11 Rb AvIwjqv GB MÖv‡g Av‡mb| Mwieyjøvn wQ‡jb

Zv‡ì GKRb| Avi GB GMvi Rb AvIwjqvi bvgvbymv‡i GB AÂ‡ii bvgKiY Kiv nq GMviwmÜz|

GB GMviRb cx‡ii gvRvi G

Avgiv GB ’v‡b AbymÜvb K‡i †`‡LwQ GwU GKwU DuPz wXwe| RbkÖæwZ Abyhvqx GB wXwewU A‡bK DPz

wQj| fzwgK‡¤úi mgq A‡bKUv wbPz n‡q hvq| GLv‡b GKwU aŸmve‡kl ¯’vcZ¨ Ly‡R cvB Avgiv|

Av‡ì kÖæwZ Abyhvqx avibv Ki‡Z

‡eeya ivRvi cyKzi : RbkÖæwZ Abyhvqx G ’vbwU †`Dj wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ wQj| GB †`Dj cwiPvjbv

Ki‡Zb †eeya ivRvi ivbx| †h‡Kvb aib‡i Abyôvb cvjb ev Ab¨ †Kvb D‡Ï‡k¨ GB cyKz‡ii wbKU †Kvb

wKQz cªv_©bv Ki‡j Zv cvIqv †hZ| Z‡e Abyôvb †k‡l e

†Kvb GKw`b †KD evwU †diZ bv †Ìqv ev nvwi‡q hvIqvi d‡j cyKzi Gi Kv‡Q Avi †Kvb cÖv_©bv

Ki‡jI Zv c~iY n‡Zv bv|

KzgviwfUv : G AÂ‡j KzgviwfUv bv‡g wZbwU wfUv cvIqv hvq| G ’v‡b cÖPzi cwigv‡b g„rcvÎ cvIqv

hvq| ’vbxq‡ì g‡Z GLv‡b Kzgvi cvov wQj| ZvB GB ’v‡bi bvgKiY Kiv nq KzgviwfUv| eZ©gv‡b

GLv‡b †Kvb Kzgv‡ii Aw¯ÍZ¡ jÿ¨ Kiv hvqbv|

, GMviwmÜzi

85

‡jvKKvwnbx eZ©gv‡b cÖZœkv‡¯¿ †jvKKvwnbx ¸iæZ¡c~b© welq wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡”Q| Gme †jvKKvwnbx cÖvqB

AwZK_b n‡jI Gme Kvwnbxi g‡a¨ A‡bK HwZnvwmK Z_¨ i‡q‡Q| †hgb : †jvKKvwnbxi m~Î


cieZ©x M‡elYvq Kv‡R jvM‡Z cv‡i| wb‡¤œ †jvKKvwnbx¸‡jv Zz‡j aiv nj

RbkÖæwZ Abyhvqx kvnRvjv‡ji mgq K‡qKRb AvIwjqv ag© cÖPv‡ii Rb¨



GB GMviRb cx‡ii gvRvi GB AÂ‡j Av‡Q| RbkÖæwZ Abyhvqx GwU Cmv Luvi yM©|

Avgiv GB ¯’v‡b AbymÜvb K‡i †`‡LwQ GwU GKwU DuPz wXwe| RbkÖæwZ Abyhvqx GB wXwewU A‡bK DPz

wQj| fzwgK‡¤úi mgq A‡bKUv wbPz n‡q hvq| GLv‡b GKwU aŸmve‡kl ’vcZ¨ Ly‡R cvB Avgiv|

Av‡ì kÖæwZ Abyhvqx avibv Ki‡Z cvwi GLv‡b GKwU eo ’vcZ¨ wQj|

RbkÖæwZ Abyhvqx G ’vbwU †`Dj wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ wQj| GB †`Dj cwiPvjbv


wKQz cªv_©bv Ki‡j Zv cvIqv †hZ| Z‡e Abyôvb †k‡l ev D‡Ïk¨ cvjb †k‡l †diZ w`‡Z nZ| wKš‘


G AÂ‡j KzgviwfUv bv‡g wZbwU wfUv cvIqv hvq| G ’v‡b cÖPzi cwigv‡b g„rcvÎ cvIqv

GLv‡b Kzgvi cvov wQj| ZvB GB ’v‡bi bvgKiY Kiv nq KzgviwfUv| eZ©gv‡b

GLv‡b †Kvb Kzgv‡ii Aw¯ÍZ¡ jÿ¨ Kiv hvqbv|

eZ©gv‡b cÖZœkv‡¯¿ †jvKKvwnbx ¸iæZ¡c~b© welq wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡”Q| Gme †jvKKvwnbx cÖvqB

AwZK_b n‡jI Gme Kvwnbxi g‡a¨ A‡bK HwZnvwmK Z_¨ i‡q‡Q| †hgb : †jvKKvwnbxi m~Î a‡i


RbkÖæwZ Abyhvqx kvnRvjv‡ji mgq K‡qKRb AvIwjqv ag© cÖPv‡ii Rb¨



B AÂ‡j Av‡Q| RbkÖæwZ Abyhvqx GwU Cmv Luvi yM©|

Avgiv GB ’v‡b AbymÜvb K‡i †`‡LwQ GwU GKwU DuPz wXwe| RbkÖæwZ Abyhvqx GB wXwewU A‡bK DPz

wQj| fzwgK‡¤úi mgq A‡bKUv wbPz n‡q hvq| GLv‡b GKwU aŸmve‡kl ’vcZ¨ Ly‡R cvB Avgiv|

RbkÖæwZ Abyhvqx G ’vbwU †`Dj wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ wQj| GB †`Dj cwiPvjbv


v D‡Ïk¨ cvjb †k‡l †diZ w`‡Z nZ| wKš‘


G AÂ‡j KzgviwfUv bv‡g wZbwU wfUv cvIqv hvq| G ’v‡b cÖPzi cwigv‡b g„rcvÎ cvIqv

GLv‡b Kzgvi cvov wQj| ZvB GB ’v‡bi bvgKiY Kiv nq KzgviwfUv| eZ©gv‡b


G AÂ‡j c~‡e© A‡bK wn› y cwievi emevm KiZ| ZvB Zv‡ì wbwg©Z A‡bK¸‡jv gw›ì cvB|

eZ©gv‡b gw›ì¸‡jv fMœve‡kl Ae¯’vq i‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b G AÂ‡j wn› y‡ì

hy‡×i mgq Gi msL¨ ‡ewk n«vm cvq| ’vbxq‡ì g‡Z, G AÂ‡j c~‡e© wn› y m¤úª vq emevm KiZ|

Zv‡ì Drme Abyôv‡b †Xvj Zej

86


eZ©gv‡b gw›ì¸‡jv fMœve‡kl Ae¯’vq i‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b G AÂ‡j wn› y‡ì msL¨v A‡bK Kg| ¯vaxbZv

hy‡×i mgq Gi msL¨ ‡ewk n«vm cvq| ’vbxq‡ì g‡Z, G AÂ‡j c~‡e© wn› y m¤úª vq emevm KiZ|

Zv‡ì Drme Abyôv‡b †Xvj Zej


msL¨v A‡bK Kg| ¯vaxbZv

hy‡×i mgq Gi msL¨ ‡ewk n«vm cvq| ’vbxq‡ì g‡Z, G AÂ‡j c~‡e© wn›`y m¤úª vq emevm KiZ|


18 GMviwmÜzi AÂ‡ji †h mKj ’v‡b mv¤úªwZK

†ewki fvM Ask gaycyi Mo AÂ‡ji g‡a¨ c‡o‡Q|

gvwU| G AÂ‡j cÖvPxb gvbe emwZ cvIqv †M‡Q| wK‡kviM‡Äi c¦vk©eZ©x AÂj nj biwmswì Dqvix

e‡Uk¦i| f~-ZvwZË¡K we‡Pbvq Dqvix

h‡_ó m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q Dqvix-e‡Uk¦‡ii g‡Zv cÖvPxb mf¨Zv ai‡bi|

b`x †Kw› ªK we‡kølY Ki‡j ‡`Lv hvq †h, cÖvPxb Kv‡ji me bMix M‡o D‡V‡Q b`x‡K †K› ª K‡i|

bMixi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ evwY‡Rï Di&iwZ Avek¨K| Avi evwYR¨ weKv‡ki R

Avek¨K| GMviwmÜzi `yM© †Kw› ªK bMi eë ’v M‡o D‡VwQj b`x‡K †K› ª K‡i| KviY Gi cvkw`‡q e‡q

†M‡Q cÖvPxb eªþcyÎ b`, evbvi b`x, k•L b`x|

hvq †h, b`x‡K †K› ª K‡i GmebMix M‡o D‡VwQj| †Zgwb gnv ’vbMo,

b`x‡K †K› ª K‡i| GB w`K w`‡q GMviwmÜyi Zvi †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’v‡bi ¸iæZ¡ enb K‡i|

‡fŠ‡MvwjK ¸iæ‡Z¡i Rb¨ GB ’v‡b Zvi yM© bMix cÖwZôv K‡iwQ‡jb|

†KŠk‡ji Rb¨ Cmv Luvi mv‡_ civwRZ n‡qwQ‡jb|

G AÂ‡ji f~-cÖK…wZ eb¨vi cÖfve †_‡K gy

wbb¥vÂj cøvweZ n‡jI DPz ¯’v‡b eb¨vi cÖfve †_‡K gy

hwÌ cieZ©x‡Z eªþcy‡Îi cjj f~wg Øviv A‡bK f~wg MwVZ n‡q‡Q| ZeyI GB AÂ‡j Av‡M RbemwZ

M‡o D‡VwQj| gaycyi Mo GB †Rjvq mvgvb¨ wKQz Ask

Z_¨ AbymÜvb Ki‡Z ‡M‡j †`Lv hv‡e cvk¦©eZ©x Dqvix

cv‡i|

, GMviwmÜzi

87

‡fŠ‡MvwjK ¸iæZ¡ GMviwmÜzi AÂ‡ji †h mKj ’v‡b mv¤úªwZK cÖZœZvwË¡K AbymÜv‡bi gva¨‡g m

†ewki fvM Ask gaycyi Mo AÂ‡ji g‡a¨ c‡o‡Q| Avgiv Rvwb gaycyi M‡oi gvwU cøvB‡÷vwmb c‡e©i

gvwU| G AÂ‡j cÖvPxb gvbe emwZ cvIqv †M‡Q| wK‡kviM‡Äi c¦vk©eZ©x AÂj nj biwmswì Dqvix

ZvwZË¡K we‡Pbvq Dqvix-e‡Uk¦‡ii mv‡_ Av‡cwÿK Zzjbvq Gi h‡_ó wgj _vK‡Z cv‡

e‡Uk¦‡ii g‡Zv cÖvPxb mf¨Zv ai‡bi|

b`x †Kw› ªK we‡kølY Ki‡j ‡`Lv hvq †h, cÖvPxb Kv‡ji me bMix M‡o D‡V‡Q b`x‡K †K› ª K‡i|

bMixi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ evwY‡Rï Di&iwZ Avek¨K| Avi evwYR¨ weKv‡ki Rb¨ †hvMv‡hvM wn‡m‡e b`x

`yM© †Kw› ªK bMi eë ’v M‡o D‡VwQj b`x‡K †K› ª K‡i| KviY Gi cvkw`‡q e‡q

†M‡Q cÖvPxb eªþcyÎ b`, evbvi b`x, k•L b`x| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvPxb cÖZœ ’vb¸‡jv ch©‡eÿY Ki‡j †`Lv

hvq †h, b`x‡K †K› ª K‡i GmebMix M‡o D‡VwQj| †Zgwb gnv ’vbMo, Dqv

GB w`K w`‡q GMviwmÜyi Zvi †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’v‡bi ¸iæZ¡ enb K‡i|

‡fŠ‡MvwjK ¸iæ‡Z¡i Rb¨ GB ’v‡b Zvi yM© bMix cÖwZôv K‡iwQ‡jb| GRb¨ gvbwmsn †fŠ‡MvwjK

†KŠk‡ji Rb¨ Cmv Luvi mv‡_ civwRZ n‡qwQ‡jb|

cÖK…wZ eb¨vi cÖfve †_‡K gy³| G AÂj Pvjv I evB` Øviv MwVZ| eb¨vi mgq cvwb

wbb¥vÂj cøvweZ n‡jI DPz ¯’v‡b eb¨vi cÖfve †_‡K gy³| d‡j GB ’vb mviv eQi emev‡mi Dchy


M‡o D‡VwQj| gaycyi Mo GB †Rjvq mvgvb¨ wKQz Ask cwZZ n‡q‡Q| ZvB HwZnvwmZfv‡e f~wgiæcMZ

Z_¨ AbymÜvb Ki‡Z ‡M‡j †`Lv hv‡e cvk¦©eZ©x Dqvix-e‡Uk¦‡ii mv‡_ Gi A‡bKvs‡k wgj _vK‡Z

mÜv‡bi gva¨‡g mbv³ Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi

M‡oi gvwU cøvB‡÷vwmb c‡e©i

gvwU| G AÂ‡j cÖvPxb gvbe emwZ cvIqv †M‡Q| wK‡kviM‡Äi c¦vk©eZ©x AÂj nj biwmswì Dqvix-

e‡Uk¦‡ii mv‡_ Av‡cwÿK Zzjbvq Gi h‡_ó wgj _vK‡Z cv‡i|

b`x †Kw› ªK we‡kølY Ki‡j ‡`Lv hvq †h, cÖvPxb Kv‡ji me bMix M‡o D‡V‡Q b`x‡K †K› ª K‡i| KviY

b¨ †hvMv‡hvM wn‡m‡e b`x

`yM© †Kw› ªK bMi eë ’v M‡o D‡VwQj b`x‡K †K› ª K‡i| KviY Gi cvkw`‡q e‡q

evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvPxb cÖZœ ’vb¸‡jv ch©‡eÿY Ki‡j †`Lv

Dqvix-e‡Uk¦i M‡o D‡VwQj

GB w`K w`‡q GMviwmÜyi Zvi †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’v‡bi ¸iæZ¡ enb K‡i| Cmv Luv

GRb¨ gvbwmsn †fŠ‡MvwjK

Pvjv I evB` Øviv MwVZ| eb¨vi mgq cvwb

d‡j GB ’vb mviv eQi emev‡mi Dchy³|


cwZZ n‡q‡Q| ZvB HwZnvwmZfv‡e f~wgiæcMZ

e‡Uk¦‡ii mv‡_ Gi A‡bKvs‡k wgj _vK‡Z


19 GMviwmÜz‡i cÖvPxb gvbe emwZ K‡e ïiæ n‡qwQj G wb‡q mwVKfv‡e wKQz ejv bv †M‡jI Gi cÖvPxb

BwZnv‡mi gva¨‡g GKwU mgqKvj wba©vib Kiv hvq|

GB MÖv‡g ywU †gvMj Avg‡ji gmwR` cvIqv hvq| GLv‡b

wbg©vbKvj 1652 wLªóvã|38 Gi gva¨‡g H ’v‡bi gmwRb wbg©vKv‡j ga¨‡g GKwU mgqKvj wba©vib

Kiv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q|

HwZnvwmK‡ì g‡Z GMviwmÜzi MÖv‡g †h `yM©

GwU `Lj K‡i mvgwiK NvwU ˆZix K‡i‡Qb|

gymwjg hyM|

HwZnvwmK m~Î †_‡K Rvbv hvq, GB ATj `kg kZvãx‡Z Kvgiæc ivRv‡ì Aax‡b wQj| ¸ß hy‡M

Gnvi wmÜzi WevK iv‡Rï AšÍ©f~

D‡V|40 G †_‡K Avgiv avibv Ki‡Z cvwi ‡gŠh© hy‡M G AÂ‡j gvbe emwZ wQj Ges GLvb †_‡K cb¨

Avg`vwb-ißvwb n‡Zv|

1933 mv‡j GB AÂ‡j DrLbb Kvh© cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| Lb‡bi d‡j GLv‡b Qvcvw¼Z †iŠc¨ gy`ªv Ges

Gi wKQz ~‡i eªþcyÎ b‡ì cv‡k AvKwiK †jvnvi ˆZix nvZ KzVvi, el©v djK I aby‡Ki eënv‡ii

Dc‡hvMx cv_‡ii ¸wUKv Avwe¯‹…Z n‡q‡Q|

Kiv hvq wLóc~e© 5g-6lô kZK| GQvov GLv‡b cÖvß †jvnvi wb`k©Y Gi cÖvPxbZ¡ Av‡iv A‡bK ~i

GwM‡q wb‡q hvq|

38 nvmvb, W. ˆmq` gvngy`yj, evsjv‡`‡ki gymwjg cyivvKxwZ39 mywd †gv¯—vwdRyi ingvb, Kvgiæ‡bœmv L›`Kvi, †mvnive DwÏb †mŠif, ¯’vcZëvsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, 2007, 349|40 Avn‡g`, G we Gg kvgmywÏb, evsjvwcwWqv,41

Avn‡g`, G we Gg kvgmywÏb, evsjvwcwWqv,

88

mgqKvj GMviwmÜz‡i cÖvPxb gvbe emwZ K‡e ïiæ n‡qwQj G wb‡q mwVKfv‡e wKQz ejv bv †M‡jI Gi cÖvPxb

U mgqKvj wba©vib Kiv hvq|

GB MÖv‡g ywU †gvMj Avg‡ji gmwR` cvIqv hvq| GLv‡b mv`x gmwR‡` cÖvß wkjv wjwci gva¨‡g Gi

Gi gva¨‡g H ¯’v‡bi gmwRb wbg©vKv‡j ga¨‡g GKwU mgqKvj wba©vib

HwZnvwmK‡ì g‡Z GMviwmÜzi MÖv‡g †h yM© cvIqv hvq Zv m¤¢eZ cÖvK-gymwjg hy‡Mi| c‡i Cmv Lvu

GwU `Lj K‡i mvgwiK NvwU ˆZix K‡i‡Qb|39 G †_‡K GKwU mgq wba©vib Kiv hvq Gi mgqKvj cÖvK


f~³ wQj| †gŠh© hy‡M G GjvKvi gvby‡li m‡½ evwYwR¨K m¤úK© M‡o

G †_‡K Avgiv avibv Ki‡Z cvwi ‡gŠh© hy‡M G AÂ‡j gvbe emwZ wQj Ges GLvb †_‡K cb¨

1933 mv‡j GB AÂ‡j DrLbb Kvh© cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| Lb‡bi d‡j GLv‡b Qvcvw¼Z †iŠc¨ gy ªv Ges

Qz ~‡i eªþcyÎ b‡ì cv‡k AvKwiK †jvnvi ˆZix nvZ KzVvi, el©v djK I aby‡Ki eënv‡ii

Dc‡hvMx cv_‡ii ¸wUKv Avwe¯‹…Z n‡q‡Q|41 cÖvß Qvcvw¼Z †iŠc¨ gy ªvi gva¨‡g Gi mgqKvj wba©viY

6lô kZK| GQvov GLv‡b cÖvß †jvnvi wb`k©Y Gi cÖvPxbZ¡ Av‡iv A‡bK ~i


Kvgiæ‡bœmv L›`Kvi, †mvnive DwÏb †mŠif, ¯’vcZ¨, cÖZœZvwË¡K HwZn¨, mywd †gv¯—vwdRyi ingvb (m¤úv), XvKv: |

, evsjvwcwWqv, LÛ-2, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 72 LÛ-2, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 72|

GMviwmÜz‡i cÖvPxb gvbe emwZ K‡e ïiæ n‡qwQj G wb‡q mwVKfv‡e wKQz ejv bv †M‡jI Gi cÖvPxb

cÖvß wkjv wjwci gva¨‡g Gi

Gi gva¨‡g H ¯’v‡bi gmwRb wbg©vKv‡j ga¨‡g GKwU mgqKvj wba©vib

gymwjg hy‡Mi| c‡i Cmv Lvu

G †_‡K GKwU mgq wba©vib Kiv hvq Gi mgqKvj cÖvK


wQj| †gŠh© hy‡M G GjvKvi gvby‡li m‡½ evwYwR¨K m¤úK© M‡o

G †_‡K Avgiv avibv Ki‡Z cvwi ‡gŠh© hy‡M G AÂ‡j gvbe emwZ wQj Ges GLvb †_‡K cb¨

1933 mv‡j GB AÂ‡j DrLbb Kvh© cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| Lb‡bi d‡j GLv‡b Qvcvw¼Z †iŠc¨ gy`ªv Ges

Qz ~‡i eªþcyÎ b‡ì cv‡k AvKwiK †jvnvi ˆZix nvZ KzVvi, el©v djK I aby‡Ki eënv‡ii

cÖvß Qvcvw¼Z †iŠc¨ gy ªvi gva¨‡g Gi mgqKvj wba©viY

6lô kZK| GQvov GLv‡b cÖvß †jvnvi wb`k©Y Gi cÖvPxbZ¡ Av‡iv A‡bK ~i

vwdRyi ingvb (m¤úv), XvKv:

2, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 72-73| 2, m¤úv. wmivRyj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv, 72|


Avgiv G AÂ‡j AbymÜv‡bi d‡j GK LÛ

ai‡bi g„rcvÎ Dqvix-e‡Uk¦i Ges gnv¯’vbM‡o cvIqv hvq| gnv ’vbMo I Dqvix

wb`k©‡bi mgqKvj aiv nq wLªóc~e© Qq kZK| GLv‡b cÖvß wbk©bwU GB mg‡qi KvQvKvwQ n‡Z

e‡j M‡elK‡ì avibv| GQvovI Avgiv GLv‡b Kv‡jv gm„Y g„rcvÎ, †Uiv‡KvUv ej, cuywZ ˆZixi

Dcv`vb, †cvovgvwUi g~w©Z (gvZ…‡èx ?) GB AÂ‡ji cÖvPxbZ¡ wb‡ ©k K‡i| GB AÂ‡j DrLbb Kvh©

cwiPvwjZ n‡j Gi mgqKvj m¤ú‡K© we ÍvwiZ Rvbv m¤¢e|

G me wKQzi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z M‡lK‡ì

eQ‡ii †P‡q cÖvPxY|

, GMviwmÜzi

89

Avgiv G AÂ‡j AbymÜv‡bi d‡j GK LÛ DËivÂjxq Kv‡jv gm„Y g„rcv‡Î UzKiv cvB| GB

e‡Uk¦i Ges gnv ’vbM‡o cvIqv hvq| gnv ’vbMo I Dqvix

wb`k©‡bi mgqKvj aiv nq wLªóc~e© Qq kZK| GLv‡b cÖvß wbk©bwU GB mg‡qi KvQvKvwQ n‡Z

avibv| GQvovI Avgiv GLv‡b Kv‡jv gm„Y g„rcvÎ, †Uiv‡KvUv ej, cuywZ ˆZixi


cwiPvwjZ n‡j Gi mgqKvj m¤ú‡K© we ÍvwiZ Rvbv m¤¢e|

G me wKQzi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z M‡lK‡ì g‡Z †jvKvjq wn‡m‡e GMviwmÜzi Ae ’vb wLªóc~e© GK nvRvi

DËivÂjxq Kv‡jv gm„Y g„rcv‡Î UzKiv cvB| GB

e‡Uk¦i Ges gnv ’vbM‡o cvIqv hvq| gnv¯’vbMo I Dqvix-e‡Uk¦‡i cÖvß

wb`k©‡bi mgqKvj aiv nq wLªóc~e© Qq kZK| GLv‡b cÖvß wbk©bwU GB mg‡qi KvQvKvwQ n‡Z cv‡i

avibv| GQvovI Avgiv GLv‡b Kv‡jv gm„Y g„rcvÎ, †Uiv‡KvUv ej, cuywZ ˆZixi


†jvKvjq wn‡m‡e GMviwmÜzi Ae¯’vb wLªóc~e© GK nvRvi


20 M‡elYvi mxgve×Zv

mxgve×Zv :

M‡elYvi gva¨‡g GKwU ¯’v‡bi wewfbœ mgm¨vi mgvavb Kiv nq| wKš‘ bvbv cvwic

Kvh© wejw¤Z nq| Avgv‡ì M‡elYvi wKQz

wd‡ì gvVKg© M‡elYvi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì mgq wQj gvÎ 3 w`b hv GKwU ’v‡b M‡elYvi Rb¨ h‡_ó bq|

Avgv‡ì _vKvi eë ’v wb‡qI GKwU mgm¨v wQj| hv Avgv‡ì mgq ms‡ÿ‡c eva¨ K‡i| GB MÖv‡g

_vKvi Rb¨ †Kvb †nv‡U‡ji eë¯’v †bB|

LyeB †QvU wQj| GQvovI GB AÂ‡j Avgv‡ì c~‡e© D‡jø‡hvM¨ †Zgb †Kvb M‡elYv nqwb| G ¯’vb

m¤ú‡K© Z‡_ï ¯íZvi Rb¨ gvVKg© cwiPvjb Ki‡Z Avgv‡ì h‡_ó †eM †c‡Z nq|

Kv‡Q AvaywbK hš¿cvwZ Kg wQj| AbymÜv

Kv‡R A‡bK evav m„wó nq| Avgv‡ì cixÿvg~jK DrLb‡bi Kv‡R evav G‡m‡Q|

mgq cÖZœ ’vb ÿwZi m¤§ywÿY nq| GB AÂ‡ji mvBU¸‡jv wewÿß Ae ’vq

gvVKg© m¤ú~b©fv‡e m¤úbœ Ki‡Z cvwiwb|

Aa¨vcK wkK`vi †gv. RyjKvibvBb m¨v‡ii Aby‡cÖiYv I cÖ‡Póvq A‡bK‡¶‡Î GB mxgve×Zv ¸‡jv

KvwU‡q DVv m¤¢eci n‡q‡Q|

gZvgZ :

GMvi wmÜzi MÖvg evsjv‡`‡ki bZzb m¤¢vebvgq cÖZœ ’vb| Avgv‡ì AbymÜv‡bi d‡j cÖvß wb`‡k©i

Av‡jv‡K Avgiv Abygvb Ki‡Z cvwi GB AÂ‡ji BwZnvm HwZ‡nï wkKo A‡bK Mfx‡i| Avgv‡ì

gvóv‡m©i gvVKg© wQj GwU| Avw_©K ¯íZv Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq wel‡qi cÖwZKzjZv _vKvi Kvi‡b Avgv‡ì

†eM †c‡Z nq| ZvB GB AÂ‡ji M‡elYvi `vwqZ¡ miKv‡ii †bIqv DwPr| G †ÿ‡Î cÖZœZË¡ Awa`ßi

GLv‡b KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| cvkvcvwk †emiKvwi cÖwZôvb GwM‡q Avm‡Z cv‡i| cÖZœZvwË¡K M‡elYv

90

M‡elYvi mxgve×Zv I gZvgZ

M‡elYvi gva¨‡g GKwU ¯’v‡bi wewfbœ mgm¨vi mgvavb Kiv nq| wKš‘ bvbv cvwicvwk©K

Avgv‡ì M‡elYvi wKQz mxgve×Zv wQj| Gi cÖavi KviY wQj Avgv‡ì mgq ¯íZv|

wd‡ì gvVKg© M‡elYvi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì mgq wQj gvÎ 3 w`b hv GKwU ’v‡b M‡elYvi Rb¨ h‡_ó bq|


_vKvi Rb¨ †Kvb †nv‡U‡ji eë ’v †bB| Avgiv GKwU evwo‡Z wQjvg| evwowU Avgv‡ì †jvKmsL¨vq

GQvovI GB AÂ‡j Avgv‡ì c~‡e© D‡jø‡hvM¨ †Zgb †Kvb M‡elYv nqwb| G ¯’vb

m¤ú‡K© Z‡_ï ¯íZvi Rb¨ gvVKg© cwiPvjb Ki‡Z Avgv‡ì h‡_ó †eM †c‡Z nq|

Kv‡Q AvaywbK hš¿cvwZ Kg wQj| AbymÜvb Kvh© PjvKv‡j ’vbxq RbM‡bi †KŠZzn‡ji Kvi‡b Avgv‡ì

Kv‡R A‡bK evav m„wó nq| Avgv‡ì cixÿvg~jK DrLb‡bi Kv‡R evav G‡m‡Q| Gme †KŠZznj A‡bK

mgq cÖZœ ’vb ÿwZi m¤§ywÿY nq| GB AÂ‡ji mvBU¸‡jv wewÿß Ae ’vq _vKvi Kvi‡b Avgv‡ì

gvVKg© m¤ú~b©fv‡e m¤úbœ Ki‡Z cvwiwb| mxgve×Zvi gv‡SI Avvg‡ì wefvMxq wk¶K mnKvix



Avgiv Abygvb Ki‡Z cvwi GB AÂ‡ji BwZnvm HwZ‡nï wkKo A‡bK Mfx‡i| Avgv‡ì



cvkvcvwk †emiKvwi cÖwZôvb GwM‡q Avm‡Z cv‡i| cÖZœZvwË¡K M‡elYv

vwk©K Kvi‡b M‡elYvi

v wQj| Gi cÖavi KviY wQj Avgv‡ì mgq ¯íZv|

wd‡ì gvVKg© M‡elYvi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì mgq wQj gvÎ 3 w`b hv GKwU ¯’v‡b M‡elYvi Rb¨ h‡_ó bq|


Avgiv GKwU evwo‡Z wQjvg| evwowU Avgv‡ì †jvKmsL¨vq

GQvovI GB AÂ‡j Avgv‡ì c~‡e© D‡jø‡hvM¨ †Zgb †Kvb M‡elYv nqwb| G ¯’vb

m¤ú‡K© Z‡_ï ¯íZvi Rb¨ gvVKg© cwiPvjb Ki‡Z Avgv‡ì h‡_ó †eM †c‡Z nq| GQvovI Avgv‡ì

b Kvh© PjvKv‡j ¯’vbxq RbM‡bi †KŠZzn‡ji Kvi‡b Avgv‡ì

Gme †KŠZznj A‡bK

_vKvi Kvi‡b Avgv‡ì

mxgve×Zvi gv‡SI Avvg‡ì wefvMxq wk¶K mnKvix



Avgiv Abygvb Ki‡Z cvwi GB AÂ‡ji BwZnvm HwZ‡nï wkKo A‡bK Mfx‡i| Avgv‡ì



cvkvcvwk †emiKvwi cÖwZôvb GwM‡q Avm‡Z cv‡i| cÖZœZvwË¡K M‡elYv


GKwU `xN© †gqvw` KvR| ZvB GLv‡b M‡elYv Kvh© cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ _vKv, _vIqv `vIqv I

†hvMv‡hv‡Mi myôz eë ’vcbv M‡o ‡Zvjv ìKvi|

M‡elYvi cvkvcvwk gvVK‡g©i M‡elYv cÖ‡qvRb| G Rb¨

ZË¡veav‡b Gme KvR nIqv ìKvi|

¸iæZ¡c~b© welq| cÖZœZ‡Ë¡i g‡Zv GKwU welq‡K Mfxifv‡e †evSvi Rb¨ ZK©

gva¨g| cÖZœZ‡Ë¡i mv‡_ RwoZ mKj‡K Gi cwi‡ek m„wói Rb¨ wbt¯v_© fv‡e GwM‡q Avm‡Z n‡e|

, GMviwmÜzi

91


†hvMv‡hv‡Mi myôz eë ’vcbv M‡o ‡Zvjv ìKvi| DrLbb GKwU `xN© †gqv`x KvR| GLv‡b ZvwË¡K

‡g©i M‡elYv cÖ‡qvRb| G Rb¨ M‡elYvi Kv‡R †`kxq cÖZœZvwË¡K‡ì

ZË¡veav‡b Gme KvR nIqv ìKvi| Gme Kv‡R `k©bv_©x‡ì myweavi Rb¨ †hvMv‡hvM Dbœqb GKwU

cÖZœZ‡Ë¡i g‡Zv GKwU welq‡K Mfxifv‡e †evSvi Rb¨ ZK©

RwoZ mKj‡K Gi cwi‡ek m„wói Rb¨ wbt¯v_© fv‡e GwM‡q Avm‡Z n‡e|


`xN© †gqv`x KvR| GLv‡b ZvwË¡K

M‡elYvi Kv‡R †`kxq cÖZœZvwË¡K‡ì

Gme Kv‡R `k©bv_©x‡ì myweavi Rb¨ †hvMv‡hvM Dbœqb GKwU

cÖZœZ‡Ë¡i g‡Zv GKwU welq‡K Mfxifv‡e †evSvi Rb¨ ZK©-weZK© GKwU Acwinvh©

RwoZ mKj‡K Gi cwi‡ek m„wói Rb¨ wbt¯v_© fv‡e GwM‡q Avm‡Z n‡e|


21 cÖZœZË¡ wefvM Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq œvZ‡KvËi cixÿvi gvVK‡g©i GB M‡elYv Kiv nq| Avgv‡ì

M‡elYvi †ÿÎvU wQj wK‡kviMÄ ‡Rjvi GMvi wmÜzi MÖvg|

AÂ‡ji cÖZœZvwË¡K M‡elYvi GKwU †ÿÎ ˆZix Ki‡e| GB AÂ‡ji HwZn¨ †ewo‡q Avm‡e| GB

M‡elYvi gva¨‡g GB AÂ‡ji cÖZœZvwË¡K ¸iæZ¡ , ’vcwZ¨K web¨vm, mgqKvj mn bvbv w`K Zz‡j aivi

†Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q| A ~i fwel¨‡Z G AÂ‡ji Av‡iv M‡elYv Kvh©

BwZnvm wbb©q Kiv hv‡e| Avkv Kwi Avgv‡ì M‡elYv wi‡cvU©wU fwel¨r M‡elK‡ì M‡elYvq mvnvh¨

Ki‡e|

92

Dcmsnvi cÖZœZË¡ wefvM Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq œvZ‡KvËi cixÿvi gvVK‡g©i GB M‡elYv Kiv nq| Avgv‡ì

M‡elYvi †ÿÎvU wQj wK‡kviMÄ ‡Rjvi GMvi wmÜzi MÖvg| Avkv Kwi Avgv‡ì M‡elYvi gva¨‡g GB



†Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q| A ~i fwel¨‡Z G AÂ‡ji Av‡iv M‡elYv Kvh©Îg cwiPvwjZ n‡j GB AÂjwUi cÖvPxY


cÖZœZË¡ wefvM Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq œvZ‡KvËi cixÿvi gvVK‡g©i GB M‡elYv Kiv nq| Avgv‡ì

Avkv Kwi Avgv‡ì M‡elYvi gva¨‡g GB



Îg cwiPvwjZ n‡j GB AÂjwUi cÖvPxY



22 1. cÖZœ ’v‡bi bvg : GMviwmÜz

2. Ae ’vb

K) MÖvg : GMviwmÜz

L) BDwbqb : GMviwmÜz

M) _vbv : cvKzw›`qv

N) Dc‡Rjv : cvKzw›`qv

O) †Rjv : wK‡kviMÄ

3. ‡fŠ‡MvwjK Ae ’vb

K) Aÿvsk : 24º16.41 DËi

L) ªvwNgvsk : 90º46.50 c~e©

4. Rjevqy : µvšÍxq †gŠmygx Rjevqy

5. e„wócv‡Zi nvi : Mo e„wócvZ 51 wgwjwgUvi

6. ZvcgvÎv : me©wb¤œ ZvcgvÎv 19.2 wWwMÖ †mjwm‡qm Ges m‡e©v”P ZvcgvÎv 42.2 wWw

†mjwm‡qm|

7. eb¨vi cÖfve : eb¨vi mgq wbPz AÂj cøvweZ nq|

8. cÖZœ ’v‡b hvIqvi wb‡ ©kbv :

9. wbKUeZ©x cÖwm× ’vb :

10. wbKUeZ©x b`x : cyivZb eªþcyÎ, bimy›`v, evbvi b`x, k•L wej (c~‡e© b`x wQj)|

11. cÖZœ ’vb mswkøó km¨ :

†Xim, wmg, Kijøv, eieywU, cUj, WvUv, cÖf…wZ|

12. cÖZœ ’vb mswkøó djR Dw™¢ :

bvwi‡Kj, Avgov. Kzj, †jey, †ZZzj, †LRyi, Zvj, RjcvB, mycvix, †ej cÖf…wZ|

, GMviwmÜzi

93

GKbR‡i GMviwmÜz : GMviwmÜz

GMviwmÜz

: cvKzw›`qv

wK‡kviMÄ

16.41 DËi

46.50 c~e©

: µvšÍxq †gŠmygx Rjevqy

Mo e„wócvZ 51 wgwjwgUvi

me©wb¤œ ZvcgvÎv 19.2 wWwMÖ †mjwm‡qm Ges m‡e©v”P ZvcgvÎv 42.2 wWw

eb¨vi mgq wbPz AÂj cøvweZ nq|

cÖZœ ’v‡b hvIqvi wb‡ ©kbv : XvKv †_‡K moK c‡_ wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi 25 wK‡jvwgUvi Av‡M|

wbKUeZ©x cÖwm× ’vb : R½jevwo, AóMÖvg, †KvwUqvw`, Dqvix-e‡Uk¦ cÖf…wZ|

cyivZb eªþcyÎ, bimy›`v, evbvi b`x, k•L wej (c~‡e© b`x wQj)|

b mswkøó km¨ : avb, AvL, Mg, mwilv, wgwó Aviæ, cvU, Wvj, fzÆv, jvD, †e¸b, U‡gUz,

†Xim, wmg, Kijøv, eieywU, cUj, WvUv, cÖf…wZ|

cÖZœ ’vb mswkøó djR Dw™¢ : Avg, Rvg, KvuVvj, wjPz, Kjv, †cu‡c, Avbvim, jUKb, †cqviv,


me©wb¤œ ZvcgvÎv 19.2 wWwMÖ †mjwm‡qm Ges m‡e©v”P ZvcgvÎv 42.2 wWwMÖ

XvKv †_‡K moK c‡_ wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi 25 wK‡jvwgUvi Av‡M|

e‡Uk¦ cÖf…wZ|

cyivZb eªþcyÎ, bimy›`v, evbvi b`x, k•L wej (c~‡e© b`x wQj)|

avb, AvL, Mg, mwilv, wgwó Aviæ, cvU, Wvj, fzÆv, jvD, †e¸b, U‡gUz,

‡c, Avbvim, jUKb, †cqviv,



13. cÖZœ ’vb mswkøó cÖvbx : Miæ, gwnl, QvMj, nvm, gyiMx, †fov cÖf…wZ|

14. f~wgiæ‡ci aiY : Pvjv evB`

15. cÖZœ ’v‡bi aiY : `~M© †Kw› ªK HwZnvwmK cÖZœ ’vb|

16. Dcwic„ôxq cÖZœe ‘ : Av‡Q|

17. cÖvß/ „ó cÖZœe ‘ : g„rcv‡Îi fv½v UzKiv|

18. mswÿß HwZnvwmK weeib :

19. KvíwbK AwZK_b I RbkÖæwZ :

20. c~e©eZ©x M‡elYv : 1933 mv‡j DrLbb I wewfbœ M‡elK G GjvKv cwi`k©b K‡i‡Qb|

21. AvbygvwbK mgqKvj : wLªóc~e© `kg

22. cÖZœ ’v‡b cÖvß cÖZœe¯‘ : †cvovgvwUi gvZ…‡èx, cyuwZ ˆZixi Dcv`vb, NBPW, Kv‡jv gm„Y g„rcvÎ,

g„rcv‡Îi fv½v UzKiv, ¸wUKv, ‡cvovgvwUi Rv‡ji KvwV cÖf…wZ|

23. mswkøó ms¯‹…wZi aiY : evwYwR¨K I mvgwiK|

24. cÖZœ ’‡j wXwei msL¨v : 15 wU|

25. ‡jLgvjvi mswÿß weeib

GKwU K‡i wjwc Av‡Q| hvi gva¨‡g GB gmwR‡ì wbg©vZv I mgqKvj Rvbv hvq|

26. cÖwZgv : GKwU †cvovgwUi gvZ…‡èx hvi gv_v fv½v|

27. g„rcvÎ : NBPW, Kv‡jv gm„Y g„rcvÎ mn Ab¨vb¨|

28. gy ªv : 1933 mv‡ji DrLb‡b Qvcvw¼Z †iŠc¨gy ªv cvIqv †M‡

hvqwb|

94

: Miæ, gwnl, QvMj, nvm, gyiMx, †fov cÖf…wZ|

: Pvjv evB`

`~M© †Kw› ªK HwZnvwmK cÖZœ ’vb|

Av‡Q|

g„rcv‡Îi fv½v UzKiv|

mswÿß HwZnvwmK weeib : G AÂ‡j Cmv Luvi kw³kvjx mvgwiK ~M© wQj|

KvíwbK AwZK_b I RbkÖæwZ : Av‡Q

: 1933 mv‡j DrLbb I wewfbœ M‡elK G GjvKv cwi`k©b K‡i‡Qb|

wLªóc~e© `kg kZK|

†cvovgvwUi gvZ…‡èx, cyuwZ ˆZixi Dcv`vb, NBPW, Kv‡jv gm„Y g„rcvÎ,

g„rcv‡Îi fv½v UzKiv, ¸wUKv, ‡cvovgvwUi Rv‡ji KvwV cÖf…wZ|

: evwYwR¨K I mvgwiK|

: 15 wU|

‡jLgvjvi mswÿß weeib : kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR` (eZ©gv‡b nvwi‡q ‡M‡Q) I mv`x gmwR‡`


GKwU †cvovgwUi gvZ…‡èx hvi gv_v fv½v|

NBPW, Kv‡jv gm„Y g„rcvÎ mn Ab¨vb¨|

1933 mv‡ji DrLb‡b Qvcvw¼Z †iŠc¨gy ªv cvIqv †M‡Q wKš‘ Gi m¤ú‡K© Avi wKQz Rvbv

kvjx mvgwiK ~M© wQj|

: 1933 mv‡j DrLbb I wewfbœ M‡elK G GjvKv cwi`k©b K‡i‡Qb|

†cvovgvwUi gvZ…‡èx, cyuwZ ˆZixi Dcv`vb, NBPW, Kv‡jv gm„Y g„rcvÎ,

mwR` (eZ©gv‡b nvwi‡q ‡M‡Q) I mv`x gmwR‡`


Q wKš‘ Gi m¤ú‡K© Avi wKQz Rvbv


23 cÖvß cÖZœ ’vb

SL Site Name1. cxi Mwieyjøvn gvRvi2. ‰eivMxi AvLiv (†PŠPvjv)

‰eivMxi AvLiv3. kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR`4. Kzgvo wfUv (1)5. Uvb Rvgvjcyi Kygvo wfUv (2)6. Kzgvo wfUv (3)7. kAn Avkdxi8. ‡fjyqv my›ìx cyKzi (1)

(2)(3)

9. gvU© †dvU©10. wfUv evwbqv11. nv‡kg gv÷v‡ii evox12. ‡e‡eva ivRvi cyKzi (1)

(2)(3)(4)

13. ‡e‡eva ivRvi cyKzi cvo (fv½b) (1)(2)(3)(4)

14. gvRvi 15. gw›ì

, GMviwmÜzi

95

cÖvß cÖZœ ’vb I cÖZœe¯‘i PvU©

GPS Reading in this Site

Site Name Site Code Longitude (n)cxi Mwieyjøvn gvRvi PGM 24º15.39

‰eivMxi AvLiv (†PŠPvjv) ‰eivMxi AvLiv (†`vPvjv)

BA-1 BA-2

24º15.3924º15.39

kvn †gvnv¤§` gmwR` SMM 24º15.41

Kzgvo wfUv (1) KV-1 24º15.50

Uvb Rvgvjcyi Kygvo wfUv (2) KV-2 24º15.54

Kzgvo wfUv (3) KV-3 24º15.56

kAn Avkdxi gvRvi SAM 24º15.50

‡fjyqv my›ìx cyKzi (1) (2) (3)

VSP-1 VSP-2 VSP-3

24º15.5724º15.5724º15.59

gvU© †dvU© MF-1 24º15.56

wfUv evwbqv BV 24º16.02

nv‡kg gv÷v‡ii evox HMB 24º16.07

‡e‡eva ivRvi cyKzi (1) (2) (3) (4)

BRP-1 BRP-2 BRP-3 BRP-4

24º16.1724º16.1724º16.1524º16.11

‡e‡eva ivRvi cyKzi cvo (fv½b) (1) (2) (3) (4)

BRPP-1 BRPP-2 BRPP-3 BRPP-4

24º16.1624º16.1824º16.1024º16.13

gvRvi Mj 24º16.13

gw›ì Mn 24º16.12

cÖvß cÖZœ ’vb I cÖZœe¯‘i PvU©

Longitude (n) Latitude (e) 24º15.39 90º39.39

24º15.39 24º15.39

90º39.54 90º39.54

24º15.41 90º39.50

24º15.50 90º40.03

24º15.54 90º40.05

24º15.56 90º40.05

24º15.50 90º40.01

24º15.57 24º15.57 24º15.59

90º40.03 90º40.02 90º40.02

24º15.56 90º39.57

24º16.02 90º39.49

24º16.07 90º39.47

24º16.17 24º16.17 24º16.15 24º16.11

90º39.29 90º39.32 90º39.27 90º39.28

24º16.16 24º16.18 24º16.10 24º16.13

90º39.33 90º39.28 90º39.28 90º39.27

24º16.13 90º39.27

24º16.12 90º39.22


16. gvW© †dvU©17. nvRxZjv cyKzi (1)

(2) (3)

18. AÁvZ cx‡ii gvRvi (BRRvdZ Avjxi evox)

19. bxj KzwV (1)(2) (3) (4)

20. cuvP cx‡ii gvRvi21. Avãyj KzÏy‡mi wfUv22. bRiy‡ji wfUv23. ‡MvjK kvn wfUv24. gwR`cy‡ii gV25. KvRx bvwRg DwÏb wfUv26. ‡`‡jvqvi †nv‡mb wfUv27. Kvjx gw›`‡ii 28. mv`x gmwR`29. Avswi‡Pviv cyKzi30. ‡gv‡gb Avjxi cyKzi31. Mixeyjøvn gvRv‡ii cwðg cv‡ki cyKzi32. ‡cøU msMÖ‡ni ’vb (cyKz‡ii DËi

cv‡ki †mKkb)33. mvi‡dm Kv‡jKk‡bi ’vb

34. evwbqv cvov35. bZzb gmwR`36. gvwUi Kzc

96

gvW© †dvU© MF-2 24º16.05

nvRxZjv cyKzi (1)

HTP-1 HTP-2 HTP-3

24º16.01 24º16.00 24º15.59

AÁvZ cx‡ii gvRvi (BRRvdZ Avjxi evox)

APM-EAB 24º16.01

bxj KzwV (1)

NK-1 NK-2 NK-3 NK-4

24º16.45 24º16.44 24º16.45 24º16.44

cuvP cx‡ii gvRvi PPMj 24º17.19

Avãyj KzÏy‡mi wfUv AKV 24º17.14

bRiy‡ji wfUv NV 24º16.26

‡MvjK kvn wfUv GSV 24º16.26

gwR`cy‡ii gV MM 24º17.07

KvRx bvwRg DwÏb wfUv KNV 24º16.16

‡`‡jvqvi †nv‡mb wfUv DHV 24º16.02

Kvjx gw›`‡ii gV KMM 24º15.07

mv`x gmwR` SM 24º15.41

Avswi‡Pviv cyKzi AP 24º16.06

‡gv‡gb Avjxi cyKzi MAP 24º15.39

Mixeyjøvn gvRv‡ii cwðg cv‡ki cyKzi GMPPP 24º15.41

‡cøU msMÖ‡ni ’vb (cyKz‡ii DËi †mKkb)

PSS 24º15.41

mvi‡dm Kv‡jKk‡bi ¯’vb SKSS 24º15.41

Ab¨vb¨

evwbqv cvov BP 24º15.56

bZzb gmwR` NM 24º16.12

gvwUi Kzc MK 24º16.14

90º39.20

90º39.26 90º39.24 90º39.25

90º39.26

90º39.00 90º39.00 90º38.59 90º38.59

90º38.57

90º39.01

90º39.04

90º39.09

90º39.04

90º39.12

90º39.11

90º40.03

90º39.35

90º39.15

90º39.42

90º39.39

90º39.39

90º39.38

90º39.57

90º39.40

90º39.24


cÖZœe¯‘i PvU©

1. †Uiv‡KvUv ej

2. NBPW

3. ‡jvnvi UzKiv

4 Kv‡jv gm„Y g„rcvÎ

5. ‡cvovgwUi g~wZ© (gvZ…‡èx ?)

6. Rv‡ji ¸wUKv

**Gme ’v‡b G¸‡jv mn g„rcv‡Îi fv½v UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q| GQvovI Avãyj KzÏy‡mi wfUv, êivMxi AvLiv mn mvi‡dm †_‡K A‡bK g„rcvÎ msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q|

, GMviwmÜzi

97

Avswi‡Pviv cyKz‡ii cv‡k

Mixeyjøvn gvRv‡ii cwðg cv‡k

Mixeyj&ivn gvRv‡ii cv‡k

Kv‡jv gm„Y g„rcvÎ Mwieyjøvn gvRv‡ii cwðg

‡cvovgwUi g~wZ© (gvZ…‡èx ?) Mwieyjøvn gvRv‡ii cwðg

Cmv Luvi y‡M©i c~e©cvo

**Gme ’v‡b G¸‡jv mn g„rcv‡Îi fv½v UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q| GQvovI Avãyj KzÏy‡mi wfUv, êivMxi AvLiv mn mvi‡dm †_‡K A‡bK g„rcvÎ msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q|

cv‡k

n gvRv‡ii cwðg cv‡k

Mixeyj&ivn gvRv‡ii cv‡k

Mwieyjøvn gvRv‡ii cwðg cv‡ki cyKz‡ii cvo

Mwieyjøvn gvRv‡ii cwðg cv‡ki cyKz‡ii cvo

c~e©cvo

**Gme ’v‡b G¸‡jv mn g„rcv‡Îi fv½v UzKiv cvIqv †M‡Q| GQvovI Avãyj KzÏy‡mi wfUv, êivMxi


24

98

24 Av‡jvKwPÎ


, GMviwmÜzi

99


100

wPÎ : Qwo‡q wQwU‡q _vKv cÖZœe¯‘

wPÎ : cwi¯‹v‡ii ci cÖZœe ‘


, GMviwmÜzi

101

wPÎ : cwi¯‹v‡ii ci cÖZœe ‘

wPÎ : cwi¯‹v‡i wb‡qvwRZ QvÎ-QvÎxiv


wPÎ : DrLb‡bi ci cÖZœe¯‘ cwi¯‹vi Kiv n‡”Q

102

wPÎ : DrLb‡bi ci cÖZœe ‘ cwi¯‹vi Kiv n‡”Q

wPÎ : gvwUi wb‡P Pvcv cov cÖZœe¯‘


wPÎ : GMviwmÜz‡Z cÖvß g„rcvÎ

, GMviwmÜzi

103

wPÎ : GMviwmÜz‡Z cÖvß g„rcvÎ

wPÎ : mvi‡d‡m cÖvß †Uiv‡KvUv ej


wPÎ : gmwR‡` †Uiv‡KvUvi AjsKiY

104

wPÎ : gmwR‡` †Uiv‡KvUvi AjsKiY

in search of mughal and sultani era in bangladesh: an archaeological context survey at egaroshindur,...

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