By the grade 6 students of the International School of Estonia, Tallinn, Estonia

! ! ! ! ! ! ! 2

June 2009

By the grade 6 students of the International School of Estonia, Tallinn, Estonia

Sheryl Aggarwal, Camille Besnier, Vlad Grigorescu, Elyse Keck Harmon,

Alexander Kjellstad, Uliana Popova, and Elizabete Zundure

Edited and compiled by Marni Malone

A very special thank you to all the parents, teachers, students, and friends who

helped create this service-learning experience.

In Our Village

Darfur

!

! Introduction! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 3

! Overview! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 4-5

! The Beginning! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 6

! Causes to Current Conflict! ! ! ! ! ! ! 7

! The Purpose! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 8

! Education! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 9-10

! Who is Fighting! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 11-12

! Life of a Child! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 13-14

! Janjaweed! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 15-16

! Religion! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 17

! Human Rights! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 18-19

! How to Help!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 20

! Efforts of Change! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 21-22

! Conclusion! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 23

Table of Contents

! ! ! ! ! ! ! 4

Introduction

By Uliana Popova, Alexander Kjellstad, and Camille Besnier

Elie Wiesel is a writer, professor, and political activist. He is also a Holocaust

survivor. After World War II he hoped that “never again” would people fight or torture each

other as they did during the war. But by looking at Darfur we can tell that not everyone has

learned from the mistakes of the past. Elie Wiesel realizes it and wants to help stop conflict.

In his speech “The Perils of Indifference” Elie Wiesel stated: “Indifference elicits no

response. Indifference is not a response. Indifference is not a beginning, it is an end. And,

therefore, indifference is always the friend of the enemy, for it benefits the aggressor --

never his victim”. Mr. Wiesel believes that people can change the world by opening their

eyes and realizing that thousands of innocent people have been left dead or homeless

because of indifference."

We wanted to help people. We wanted to make a difference in the world today. As a

class, we had to vote on which topic to research – WWII and the Holocaust or Darfur.

Many of us first chose WWII but as we discussed what we wanted to accomplish, we

realized that WWII happened in the past and we cannot change what happened. But Darfur

is happening right now. Right this minute people in Sudan are afraid, homeless, and

hungry. We decided that together we could raise awareness, stand up, and help Darfur. Our

attempt follows.

Works Cited

Wiesel, Elie. "The Perils of Indifference." Great Speeches. The History Place. Feb. 2009

! <http://www.historyplace.com/speeches/wiesel.htm>.

PILOT WHO ENDED WWII - New York Post." Breaking News | Headline News |

Current - New York Post. 04 Mar. 2009

<http://www.nypost.com/seven/11022007/news/nationalnews/

pilot_who_ended_wwii_291167.htm>.

What was the blitz?" Woodlands Junior School Tonbridge Kent UK. 04 Mar. 2009

<http://www.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/Homework/war/blitz.htm>.

Pictures

http://night2007.wikispaces.com/file/view/800px-Dachau_never_again.jpg

! ! ! ! ! ! ! 5

History and Overview

By Sheryl Aggarwal

The conflict in Darfur, a real horror story, started in 2003 and continues today. Darfur

has a population of 6.2 million while Sudan, where Darfur is located, has a population of

39.4 million people of different races. Not all of the people in Darfur receive proper or

enough services and medical attention and many people live in poverty. Within the Darfur

region 14,000 aid workers work with limited supplies to help the people in need or suffering.

As a result of the conflict 2.8 million people fled to Chad, 432,000 fled to western Darfur,

233,000 fled to southern Darfur, and 320,000 fled to northern Darfur. The people fled due to

fear of raped, starvation as crops dried up, and danger of an attack on their village.

The fear is justified. Women and children make up sixty percent of Darfur’s

population after many men have been killed in the fighting. The conflict has reportedly

displaced 2.8 million people. As Darfur is mostly a desert, water is scarce. These problems

cause more people to be sick due to changes of weather; they have no shelter, which

automatically means that they have no secure place to stay. 400,000 civilians have died,

150,000 from violence.

The violence between different groups cause various problems. The Darfurians

(African tribes) and Arabs face violence, forcing many Darfurians to move to camps. The

Sudanese army fights against the Darfurians. The limited resources of the region, primarily

water, force the groups together in search of sources. Over 2 million people are in the camps,

where some get tortured or beaten. When a woman exits a camp she may be beaten or raped.

In Darfur the women are in danger.

! The U.N. and many other organizations have always tried to help alleviate the Darfur

crisis but the Sudanese president does not always allow these organizations to enter Sudan.

The President doesn’t trust the organizations and accuses them of working against him. He

first neglected Southern Darfur but after the discovery of oil he neglected Northern Darfur.

Darfurians receive limited help and less chance for safety and survival. The Darfurians lose

hope from the lack of help, they have no rights, and they need more people to stand up.

! ! ! ! ! ! ! 6

Works Cited

"ABC News: Google for Change in Darfur." ABC News: Online news, breaking news,

! feature stories !and more. 15 Feb. 2009 http://abcnews.go.com/WNT/story?

! id=3027203&page=1

"Darfur Liberation Front / Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) / Sudan Liberation Army."

! "Darfur -." Google Video. 15 Feb. 2009

<http://video.google.com/videosearch?q=darfur&hl=en&emb=0&aq=f#>.

Darfur: A History of Genocide." "UNICEF - Sudan - Darfur - overview." UNICEF –

! UNICEF Home. 08 Feb. 2009 <http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/

! sudan_darfuroverview.html>.

Eyes On Darfur. 14 Feb. 2009 <http://www.eyesondarfur.org/satellite.html>.

24 Hours for Darfur. 14 Feb. 2009 <http://www.24hoursfordarfur.org/main.php>.

"Facts, timeline and map | June 2007 | New Internationalist." The people, the ideas, the

! action in the fight for global justice | New Internationalist. 08 Feb. 2009

! <http://www.newint.org/features/2007/06/01/fact>.

GlobalSecurity.org - Reliable Security Information. 18 Feb. 2009

<http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/darfur.htm>.

HumanitarianInfo.org. 14 Feb. 2009

<http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/darfur/uploads/releases/soptlight/pdf>.

In Darfur, rape is systematically used as a weaponofwarfare," Jan." Genocide Watch. 14

! Feb. 2009<http://www.genocidewatch.org/darfurreevesonrape25june05.htm>.

"International Crisis Group - 76 Darfur Rising: Sudan's New Crisis." International Crisis

! Group - Conflict prevention and resolution. 15 Feb. 2009

<http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=2550&l=1%20>.

"Qantara.de - Darfur Conflict: Oil, Poverty and Land Degradation." Qantara.de – Dialogue

! with the Islamic World. 11 May 2009

<http://www.qantara.de/webcom/show_article.php/_c-476/_nr-196/i.html>.

"UNICEF - Sudan - Darfur - overview." UNICEF - UNICEF Home. 08 Feb. 2009

<http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/sudan_darfuroverview.html>.

UNFPA Sudan Country Office. 14 Feb. 2009

http://sudan.unfpa.org/docs/UNFPA%20GBV%20Strategy%20for%

20Darfur_06.pdf.

"YouTube - Darfur: A History of Genocide." YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. 15 Feb. 2009

! <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Ugxo2qW5Ao&feature=PlayList&p

! =B885FA84A310CA5C&playnext=1&index=53>.

YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. 15 Feb. 2009

! <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Ugxo2qW5Ao&feature=PlayList&p=B88

! 5FA84A310CA5C&playnext=1&index=53>.

! ! ! ! ! ! ! 7

By Elizabete Zundure and Uliana Popova

The conflict in Darfur started in 2003. Since the beginning the conflict has greatly

affected the people in a region of Sudan called Darfur. The conflict in Darfur began when

two local non-Arab groups accused the government of mistreating them in favour of the Arab

population.

Hundreds of thousands of civilians have died and more than two million civilians

have been forced to flee their homes, as people try to escape. 2,000,000 people are affected

by the civil war. War is happening, people are dying, and the region of Darfur needs help to

find peace.

Works Cited

"Eyes on Darfur." Eyes On Darfur. 20 May 2009 http://www.eyesondarfur.org/crisis.html

Pictures

http://humanitarianrelief.change.org/blog/view/darfur_update_pockets_of_suffering

http://shanebauer.net/photography/

The Beginning

! ! ! ! ! ! ! 8

Causes to Current Conflict

By Elyse Keck Harmon

Behind the tragic events in Darfur lies a very complex history. In early 2003 two rebel

groups started attacking places connected to the government. The rebels believed the government’s

actions were “oppressing black Africans in favor of Arabs”. The two main rebel groups involved in

the conflict are the Sudan Liberation Army (SLA) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM).

The fighting in Darfur continues between these two groups.

! Darfur means “the land of the Fur.” The fighting between the farmers from the Fur

region and the nomadic Arabs results from both group’s desire for more land and grazing

areas. The great drought and famine of 1984-1985 led to localized conflicts. According to

IRIN, Julie Flint, author of Darfur: The Short History of a Long War, explains: “This

generally pitted Pastoralists against farmers in a struggle for diminishing resources”. This is

important because Darfur needs more food, water, and shelters. The conflict is taking a toll

on the environment from the scarcity of water and lack of trees for shade or shelter from the

sun.

Works Cited

BBC NEWS | News Front Page. 18 May 2009

http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk.

Crimes of War Project. 18 May 2009 <http://www.crimesofwar.org/>.

Darfur Information.com. 18 May 2009 <http://darfurinformation.com/>.

"(Frames)." Albion Monitor. 18 May 2009

<http://www.albionmonitor.com/0902a/default.html>.

GlobalSecurity.org - Reliable "IRIN - Print Report." IRIN " humanitarian news and analysis

! from Africa, Asia and the Middle East - updated daily. 26 May 2009

<http://www.irinnews.org/PrintReport.aspx?ReportId=72985>.

Security Information. 18 May 2009 <http://www.globalsecurity.org>.

Pictures

Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3). 27 May 2009 <http://s3.amazonaws.com/

production.mediajoint.prx.org/public/piece_images/40957/foodaidpic_square.jpg>.

International Land Coalition. 27 May 2009 <http://www.landcoalition.org/cpl-blog/wp-content/

uploads/darfur-drought.jpg>.

! ! ! ! ! ! ! 9

The Purpose

By Sheryl Aggarwal & Elyse Keck Harmon

! The purpose of the Darfur crisis is to obtain a fair amount of resources, such as water and

land, for the people involved. The government did not divide these equally among all the people.

The rebels believe that the Sudanese government favors the Arab groups. According to the rebels,

the government gives more natural resources to the Arab groups, which allows them to have more

control over the scarce resources. As a result, the people in the Darfur region fight for equal

resources and for human rights.

During this war, more than two million people have been displaced from their homes.

Organizations such as the U.N. and UNICEF work to help Darfur but the government does not

always allow these organizations to enter the county, which leaves 60% of the people without care.

Works Cited

"7 Peacekeepers Killed in Ambush in Darfur - ABC News." Online news, breaking news, feature

stories and more - ABC News. 29 Apr. 2009 <http://abcnews.go.com/International/

wireStory?id=5338515>.

"Causes of War in Darfur." DarfurWar.com | Darfur War. 03 Mar. 2009

<http://darfurwar.com/causes-of-war-in-darfur>.

"Darfur Liberation Front / Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) / Sudan Liberation

Army." GlobalSecurity.org - Reliable Security Information. 31 Mar. 2009

<http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/darfur.htm>.

"Darfur's pain is the West's shame - The international community must stop this 'go slow'

genocide, says MP and human-rights activist Irwin Cotler." Untitled Document. 02 May

2009 <http://www.irwincotler.parl.gc.ca/print.asp?lang=e&sid=2042>.

History of Darfur | June 2007 | New Internationalist." The people, the ideas, the action in

the fight for global justice | New Internationalist. 03 Mar. 2009

<http://www.newint.org/features/2007/06/01/history/>.

"Trying to stop Genocide on the cheap." Brigade of PeaceMakers: for Darfur. 29 Apr.

2009 <http://brigadeofpeacemakersfordarfur.blogspot.com/2007/05/trying-to-

stop-genocide-on-cheap.html>.

Pictures

http://www.supportdarfur.com/Darfur_refugee_camp_in_Chad.jpg

http://understandingsudan.org/imageresources/Darfur-CDC.jpg

! ! ! ! ! ! ! 10

Education

By Camille Besnier

! Education is a very important part in a child’s life. In Darfur most of the children don’t get

this chance. Different organizations work to help the children of Darfur so that they can receive an

education.

! UNICEF is an association that works to protect children and so they have a part in education

in Darfur. UNICEF gives money to build schools, provide school supplies, and train teachers, to

support those teaching the children in Darfur. All of these efforts are made to give the Darfurian

children a good education. The goal is that when the children return to school they will have the

knowledge that should have if the war did not take place. UNICEF helps the education of the

children in camps in Darfur because they think that if children receive an education it will help them

to be less horrified by what happens all around them.

! The Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children is another association helping

children. The government of Darfur does not recognize education as a priority; it thinks that the end

of the war is more important. The Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children fights to

make education a priority. They help in Darfur because they see children living without any

education and with a horrible war surrounding them. They are making education more important for

the government of Sudan because now more children dislocated and living in the camps receive an

education.

! The war has affected the education in the way that school supplies are more difficult to get.

Like UNICEF said, if children are educated it can be easier for them to overcome what they saw and

experienced. Education provides an escape from the horrors they face. The associations that try to

help face many difficulties due to the war. Help work to make education better and make a

difference.

! ! ! ! ! ! ! 11

Worked Cited

"Back to School in Darfur |." Education Partnership for Children of Conflict. 14 May 2009 <http://

www.educationpartnership.org/news/back-school-darfur>.

Catholic Relief Services. 14 May 2009 <http://crs.org/sudan/drfur-schools/>.

IDMC : Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre. 14 May 2009 <http://www.internal-

displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B(httpDocuments)/

DBD2214A82566FF9C125726400371649/$file/dfeducrit.pdf>.

"IRC | Back to School For Darfur Refugee Children." IRC | International Rescue Committee -

Aiding refugees and communities victimized by war. 14 May 2009 <http://www.theirc.org/

resources/essays/back-to-school-for-darfur.html>.

ReliefWeb # Home Page. 14 May 2009 <http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb/nsf/db900sid/

ACIO-6WLCFK?OpenDocument>.

"UNICEF - Sudan - Education helps Darfur." UNICEF - UNICEF Home. 14 May 2009 <http://

www.unicef.org/infobycountry/sudan_23516.html>.

"UNICEF - Tchad - L'#ducation de Fatna : pour cette fille r#fugi#e au Tchad, la possibilit#

d'apprendre." UNICEF - UNICEF Home. 14 May 2009 <http://www.unicef.org/french/

infobycountry/chad_33384.html>.

Pictures

http://theirc.files.wordpress.com/2007/08/gm_education.jpg

http://crs.org/newsroom/egan-award/img/herlinger-2008.jpg

! ! ! ! ! ! 12

By Vlad Grigorescue, Elizabete Zundure and Sheryl Aggarwal

Who is fighting in the conflict in Darfur? Hundreds of people die each day as the war

continues between various groups: rebels, the government, African tribes, and Arabs. While the

rebels fight independently, the government and the Janjaweed fight together, and the other groups

like the U.N., African tribes, and Arabs remain neutral.

One reason for the fighting is the claim that the government has neglected northern and

southern Darfurians. The fight though is over the land. Decisions the government made started the

rebellion. The government, Justice and Equality Movement (JEM), and Sudanese Liberation Army

(SLA) remain the key groups involved in the conflict. JEM wants the natural resources in Darfur,

meaning mainly oil, equally distributed. The SLA, in addition to equal distribution, wants greater

political rights.

While agreements have not been reached, the groups involved do make efforts to reach a

peace agreement. In February, the groups met in Doha, Qatar to plan an exchange of prisoners,

which shows they try to make peace and want their people back. The government and JEM, with

help from the U.N. are working to find an agreement to stop the fighting. So far, no agreement has

been reached.

Who is Fighting?

! ! ! ! ! ! ! 13

Works Cited

"Causes of War in Darfur." DarfurWar.com | Darfur War. 03 Mar. 2009

<http://darfurwar.com/causes-of-war-in-darfur>.

"CNS STORY: Church workers say Darfur's real fight is over resources." Catholic News

Service Home Page. 03 Mar. 2009

<http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0504026.htm>.

Environmental Degradation As A Cause Of Conflict In DARFUR. University of Peace. 3

Mar. 2009 <http://www.upeace.org/library/documents/darfur_cp.pdf>.

"News - Africa: Sudan, Darfur to exchange prisoners." IOL: News for South Africa and

the World. 14 May 2009 http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?

click_id=68&art_id=nw20090216201930577C248382&set_id=1.

"South Darfur fighting must cease for sake of suffering civilians." Welcome to the United

Nations: It's Your World. 03 Feb. 2009 <http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?

NewsID=29755&Cr=Darfur&Cr1>.

Pictures

<http://sudanjem.com/grafic/jem_logo.gif>.

<http://www.javno.com/en-world/tribal-fighting-displaces-thousands-in-darfur_196142>.

! ! ! ! ! ! 14

Life of a Child

By Camille Besnier, Elyse Keck Harmon, and Sheryl Aggarwal

Darfurian children lives are very different from ours because of the conflict they face

daily. Their lives are not easy; some of the children don’t receive an education or have a

home. Most live in the camps. Darfurian children are in the middle of a conflict and they all

know that they face death daily.

The Darfurian children face difficulty and we need to help these children. Some girls

are raped at very young ages. Children see their house burned and are left with the only

choice of running away from them. They run with the hope that they will arrive at the

nearest camp. If they do they will be safer and they will have a kind of home. Arriving to

the nearest camp means much to Darfurian people.

One such child is Adam. On the 24th of September Adam’s life changed. He was on

a camel and people came to kidnap him. He strongly resisted but the kidnapers pulled him

off the camel and he fell on the ground. When he fell he broke a part of his leg and he

couldn’t walk anymore. His friend who saw everything got up and ran to the nearest camp.

The doctor says that he is not sure that Adam will be able to walk after what happened.

Many of the people that are in camp are there because they escaped from something

that could have killed them. The children in those camps are shocked from what they have

seen.

ACT is one association that helps the sick children in Darfur camps. They give the

sick children a plastic bag containing: corn, soya, sugar, and oil. The problem is that the

children’s families are hungry too, and the family shares what was suppose to be only for the

sick child. The families simply answer, “What can we do?”.

The war has changed many things, not only for children, but for everyone. For the

children their education is not the same. Associations are working to improve this situation.

For adults it is hard too. They need to change their style of living because their home is now

a camp with less access to food. The biggest dream for everyone is to be free, to be able to

go back to their village and rebuild their house, and to live in peace again.

!

! ! ! ! ! ! ! 15

Worked Cited

ACT - News - Recent attacks in South Darfur change lives forever." ACT International. 14

May 2009 <http://act-intl.org/news.php?uid=34>.

"Day 6: Darfur's Children - Video." Metacafe - Video Entertainment - Movies, TV, Music &

Sports. 14 May 2009 <http://www.metacafe.com/watch/1619455/

day_6_darfurs_children/>.

Lutheran World Relief - Disaster Response, Fair Trade, and Advocacy. 14 May 2009 <http://

www.lwr.org/news/05/03705.asp>.

"NPR: Page Not Found." NPR : National Public Radio : News & Analysis, World, US, Music

& Arts. 14

May 2009 <http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyld=4778029>.

Pictures

http://www.flickr.com/photos/86512610@N00/139772821/

http://www.hyscience.com/archives/Darfur-woman_child.jpg

! ! ! ! ! ! 16

Janjaweed

By Vlad Grigorescue

The Janjaweed has changed many peoples’ lives. To understand what is happening in Darfur

we must first understand what the Janjaweed is. The word Janjaweed means a “man with a gun on a

horse” which describes how the Janjaweed look. In an article on PBS.org, Oliver Read says:

“Experts say that the Janjaweed immigrated from a warlord from Chad then moved to Darfur and

teamed up with Arab tribes”. Some people believe that the Janjaweed come from a tribe called the

Rizeygat. This very brief history of the Janjaweed does not tell why they fight though. When

desertification occurred, the nomadic Arabs suffered as most did not own as much as land as the

black farmers. The conflict over land has been explained as one possible reason for the fighting.

! Most people believe the government controls the leaders of the Janjaweed. One possible

reason for this belief: the Janjaweed only fight the rebels and not the government. The government

also promised to disarm the Janjaweed but has not. The government denies any connection to the

Janjaweed. The government probably denies association with the Janjaweed to avoid arrest for war

crimes.

! The Janajweed also tends to hide and function in small groups. The leaders of these groups

are Arab tribe leaders. Who then are the Janjaweed enemies? They fight against non-Arabs. Many

people accuse the Janjaweed of attacking the weaker people who cannot defend themselves.

! The Janjaweed has caused many people to leave their homes. Many men have been killed

and women raped. The ones who have survived fear for their lives. The Janjaweed does not only

kill but also burns down villages and destroys crops so the people have nothing left. This makes it

harder for the people to live and get food. After this war is over who is going to take these people

back to their homes? That will be a big problem. This can lead to economic problems for the

government. This war will make this region of Sudan a difficult place to live in and is destroying the

image of the country.

! ! ! ! ! ! ! 17

Works Cited

A closer look: where do the Janjaweed come from? | STAND." STAND | Don't stand by, STAND up!

! 21 Apr. 2009 <http://www.standnow.org/blog/closer-look-where-do-janjaweed-come>.

AllAfrica.com: Sudan: Janjaweed Loyalty to Bashir Under Strain (Page 1 of 1).AllAfrica.com:

! Home. 21 ! Apr. 2009 <http://allafrica.com/stories/200902030777.html>.

"BBC NEWS | Africa | Sudan's shadowy Arab militia." BBC NEWS | News Front Page. 21 Apr.

! 2009 ! <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3613953.stm>.

Educate | Genocide Intervention Network." Genocide Intervention Network | Stop the Darfur

! Genocide | ! Have a Hand in Stopping Genocide. 21 Apr. 2009 <http://

! www.genocideintervention.net/educate/darfur>.

GOAL Ireland. 21 Apr. 2009 <http://www.goal.ie/newsroom/irishcatholic0706.shtml>.

"Janjaweed loyalty to Bashir under strain | Human Rights Tribune - www.humanrights-geneva.info."

! Human Rights Tribune - www.humanrights-geneva.info 21 Apr. 2009

<http://www.humanrights-geneva.info/Janjaweed-loyalty-to-Bashir-under,4078>.

Koerner Brendan I. “Who are the Janjaweed?” Slate July 19 2005. 7 February 2009

! < http://www.slate.com/id/2104210/ >

"Reuters AlertNet - Darfur dispatch: The meticulous cruelty of the Janjaweed."Reuters AlertNet –

Homepage. 21 Apr. 2009 <http://www.alertnet.org/db/blogs/30298/2006/09/23-

110311-1.htm>.

"RealClearPolitics - Articles - Janjaweed Peace." RealClearPolitics - Opinion, News, Analysis,

! Videos and Polls. 21 Apr. 2009 <http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2007/08/

! janjaweed_peace.html>.

"Search - Global Edition - The New York Times." The New York Times - Breaking News, World

! News & Multimedia. 21 Apr. 2009 <http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/06/12/news/

! darfur.php?page=1>.

The New Yorker. 21 Apr. 2009 <http://www.newyorker.com/>.

"The Online NewsHour: Crisis in Sudan | Janjaweed Militia |." PBS. 21 Apr. 2009

<http://www.pbs.org/newshour/indepth_coverage/africa/darfur/militia.html>.

"Violence, Food Crisis in Sudan Worsen as Militias Keep Hold." Global Action on Aging. 21 Apr.

! 2009 <http://www.globalaging.org/armedconflict/countryreports/africa/sudan.htm>.

Pictures

"01-Home_Page.htm - WRH Your GardenHome Architects, Custom Designers of Single Family

Homes Embraced by Livable Gardens" 27 May 2009 <http://gardenhomearchitects.com/

Darfur-Janjaweed.gif>.

Save Darfur Canada - Solidarité Darfour Canada. 27 May 2009

<http://www.sdcanada.org/images/backgrounder/burning_village_Steidle.jpg>.

! ! ! ! ! ! ! 18

Religion

By Elizabete Zundure

The people living in the Darfur region practice different religions. Muslims primarily

live in the north part of Sudan, while Christians reside in the south part of Sudan. They live

apart from each other because they have conflicts between the different religions. The

number of Muslims ranges from 50-70%, believers in traditional religion 25-35%, and

Christians range between 4-5%. More than half Sudan’s population was Muslim in early

1990s.

Works Cited

"OPINION: SUDAN, OIL, AND AFRICAN MUSLIM VS. AFRICAN MUSLIM." 1A1:

Sudan Page @Sudan.Net. 25 May 2009

<http://www.sudan.net/news/press/postedr/305.shtml>.

"Sudan - RELIGION." Country Studies. 25 May 2009

<http://countrystudies.us/sudan/47.htm>.

"Sudan / Religions." LookLex [Travel guides / Encyclopaedia / Language course]. 25

May 2009 <http://looklex.com/e.o/sudan.religions.htm>.

Pictures

http://image.examiner.com/images/blog/wysiwyg/image/Darfurfamily(2).jpg

! ! ! ! ! ! ! 19

Human Rights

By Alexander Kjellstad and Vlad Grigorescue

Everyone has human rights. It is very good that people have them or there would be

even more suffering in the world. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, endorsed by

the United Nations in 1948, aims to protect all people everywhere. Article one states: “All

human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason

and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood”. This article

sets the goal of the declaration, that all people are to be treated fairly regardless of

differences. The United Nations made the right choice by creating human rights.

Unfortunately, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is not always practiced.

Human rights are being violated in Darfur. People are physically abused. Since February

2003 when the conflict in Darfur started it is believed that hundreds of thousands of people

have died. Amnesty International say, “Systematic human rights abuses have occurred,

including killing, torture, rape, looting and destroying of property by all parties involved in

the conflict, but primarily by the Sudanese government and government-backed Janjaweed

militia”. Many bad things are happening in Sudan, things that should not be happening if the

world followed the Declaration. These rights shouldn’t be broken but sadly they are.

Working together we can stop them from being violated and we can make the world a better

place.

Works Cited

"BBC NEWS | World | Africa | UN rules out genocide in Darfur." BBC NEWS | News

Front Page. 04 Mar. 2009 <http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4224757.stm>.

CONTINUING KILLINGS, RAPES, HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSE IN DARFUR

THREATEN PEACE IN WHOLE OF SUDAN, SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVE

TELLS SECURITY COUNCIL." Welcome to the UN. It's your world. 04 Mar.

2009 <http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/sc8668.doc.htm>

"Human Rights Day, 10 December 2007." Welcome to the United Nations: It's Your

World. 15 May 2009 <http://www.un.org/events/humanrights/2007/>.

"Part 1 - What Are Human Rights?" University of Minnesota. 15 May 2009

<http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/edumat/hreduseries/hereandnow/Part- 1/

whatare.htm>.

! ! ! ! ! ! ! 20

"ReliefWeb." ReliefWeb » Home Page. 04 Mar. 2009

<http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/7795295d2bc2b3b58525

6e8d005c3906>.

"Sudan Human Rights." Amnesty International USA - Protect Human Rights. 27 May

2009 <http://www.amnestyusa.org/all-countries/sudan/page.do?id=1011244>.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. United Nations. 27 May 2009

<http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/>.

United Nations Human Rights Experts Call for Urgent, Effective Action on Darfur,

Sudan." UNIS. 04 Mar. 2009 <http://www.unis.unvienna.org/unis/pressrels/2005/

afr1126.html>.

"What are Human Rights." Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights

/ OHCHR Welcome page. 15 May 2009

<http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Pages/WhatareHumanRights.aspx>.\

What Human Rights Are - Youth for Human Rights International." Youth For Human

Rights International. 15 May 2009 <http://youthforhumanrights.org/introduction/

! ! ! ! ! ! ! 21

How to Help

By Camille Besnier and Vlad Grigorescue

We all have the power to stand up and help Darfur. Have you ever wondered how

you can help the world or what people have done? We have. Here are some ways to help the

people of Darfur.

When a person sees what is happening they will finally be aware of the bad that is

happening in the world. A person can do a lot more than just donate money and other

objects. Join organizations. Urge the media to write about Darfur. Ask your government to

do something to help Darfur. Teach other people about what is happening in Darfur. Protest.

People can help to end the war. By backing the conflict’s end we show that we care

about other people. Helping Darfur means treating people in Darfur as human and that the

people of Darfur deserve a life without war.

Worked Cited

Channel The Change Darfur. 15 May 2009 <http://www.channelthechange.com/>.

"Darfur Divestment - Ten things you can do to help Darfur." Darfur Divestment - Home. 15

May 2009 <http://www.darfurdivestment.org/Ten_things_you_can_do_to_help_Darfur/>.

Pictures

http://www.ibtimes.com/data/articlethumbs/thumb_39557-darfur-protest.jpg

http://vigenin.eu/uf/1370_y_type_y_6/Human_Rights_Logo.jpg

! ! ! ! ! ! 22

By: Uliana Popova

Darfur is in trouble. It has been in trouble for quite a while now. In February 2003 the war

between the Arab–dominated Sudanese government and local rebel groups started. Since then this

war has taken over 100,000 lives and has made over 2 million people homeless. This is why

changes need to happen quickly. Many international organizations, in particularly the United

Nations, have become interested in the conflict. The organizations have offered their help and

produced a report that accused the Sudanese government of killing innocent people. Change needs

to happen quickly but people also need to understand that it will not be easy to solve Darfur’s

problems.

The actions the United Nations has taken towards change include: teaching, feeding, and

providing medications for refugees. The UN also tries to rebuild damaged homes to help refugees

return home. During the war many families became separated from each other. The United Nations

works to reunite the families. All of these voluntary efforts have brought attention from the media.

This attention increases people’s awareness about what is happening. Understanding will have

positive effects on Sudan and on the world in general. As more and more people become aware of

the conflict and the pain that it brings the Sudanese people, the Sudanese government will need to

behave in a more humane way. The whole world now watches and judges their actions. People from

all over the world will be educated about this conflict and work to prevent it from happening again.

Not only people but also foreign institutions have become interested in the situation in

Darfur. The International Criminal Court (ICC) has looked closely at Darfur and is now working to

send to prison those responsible for the conflict. However, it is proving to be very difficult because

the Sudanese government says that the ICC cannot arrest anyone on Sudanese territory as Sudan has

its own court.

! The war in Darfur has been going on for too long. Hundreds of thousands of people have

been killed, left homeless, and poor. People need to take action. Darfur needs help and needs

change to become safer and more peaceful.

Efforts of Change

! ! ! ! ! ! ! 23

Works Cited

African Union- United Nations Hybrid Operator in Darfur. 18 May 2009

http://unamid.unmissions.org/

Amnesty International USAAction for human rights. Hope And Humanity.

18 May 2009http://www.amnestyusa.org/darfur/page.do?id=1351050

BBC NEWS | Africa | ICC issues Darfur arrest warrants, 18 May 2009

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6614903.stm

BBC NEWS | Africa | Q&A: Sudan's Darfur conflict, 18 May 2009

! http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3496731.stm

UN warns of growing death toll in Darfur | theage.com.au, 18 May 2009

http://www.theage.com.au/world/un-warns-of-growing-death-toll-in-

darfur-20090325-9ajq.html

Pictures

http://www.welt.de/multimedia/archive/00609/eng_darfur_BM_Vermi_609172g.jpg

http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/42093000/jpg/_42093542_darfur_afp203b.jpg

! ! ! ! ! ! ! 24

By Uliana Popova and Alexander Kjellstad

"

This conflict will continue until people start to help Darfur. "More people will die every

day. The population in Sudan will decrease. We have to stop this. "Stand up, don’t stand by. We don’t

want more people to die. It will break the promise to the world “Never Again” will we stand by

indifferently while people fight and torture each other. "More people will be tortured, raped and

killed. This is the worst humanitarian crisis today and it will get worse by the hour if we don’t do

anything now. We have to raise awareness to create change.

Works Cited

BBC NEWS | World | Africa | Q&A: Sudan's Darfur conflict." BBC NEWS | News Front

Page. 28 May 2009

<http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3496731.stm>.

"Impact of Armed Conflict on Children." UNICEF - UNICEF Home. 28 May 2009

http://www.unicef.org/graca/

"Making Sense of Darfur 24Chad." Home. 28 May 2009

<http://www.ssrc.org/blogs/darfur/category/darfur/chad/>.

"

"

Conclusion