in central and south america. of the development of ... · explain the rise and fall of the olmec,...
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![Page 1: in Central and South America. of the development of ... · Explain the rise and fall of the Olmec, Mayan, Aztec, and Inca empires. Olmec (1200-400 BC) •One of the earliest civilization](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081615/5fd41620609e134bc843c6e0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SSWH8 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the development of societies in Central and South America.
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a. Explain the rise and fall of the Olmec, Mayan, Aztec, and Inca
empires.
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Olmec (1200-400 BC)
• One of the earliest civilization in the Americas
• Settled along rivers with good soil for agriculture
• Farming led to the development of towns
• The Empire ended due to changes in the soil which led to under production of crops
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Olmec• Know for their creation of colossal stone
heads of their rulers
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Mayan (200B.C-900 A.D.)
• The Mayan were influenced by the Olmec
• They built independent cities linked by trade and military alliances
• War between the city-states, disruption of trade, and over farming may have caused the downfall of the Mayan
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Aztec Empire (1400-1521 A.D.)• Came as nomads and settled in central Mexico near
lakes with fertile soil• Formed alliances, built cities: The Capital had a
population of 200-400,000 people• The arrival of Cortes (Spanish) spelled the end of
the Aztec Empire)
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Inca (1460-1532)
• Settled in a fertile valley , and then proceed to conquer the western coast of South America
• Established empire through military and diplomatic means
• During an Incan civil war, the Pizarro (Spanish) were able to defeat the splintered empire
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Compare the culture of the Americas; include government, economy, religion, and the arts of the Mayans, Aztecs, and
Incas.
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GovernmentMayans Independent city-states ruled by a
king/priest. Power gained through hereditary means.
Aztecs Had a central emperor with regional rulers who paid tribute to the emperor.
Incas Led by a king with the empire divided into units. All towns were connected to the capital by roads. Citizens expected to work a certain number of days for the state
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Economy
Mayans Based on agriculture and trade (salt, feathers, jade)
Aztecs Based on agriculture and trade. Goods paid as tributes from conquered peoples.
Incas Based on trade and self-sufficient farming
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Religion
Mayans Central to Mayan life. Worshiped multiple gods. Some human sacrifice-mainly worshiped through prayer and assorted offerings.
Aztecs Central to Aztec life. Worshiped multiple gods. Large scale human sacrifice to the Sun God.
Incas Ancestor worship with human sacrifice on special occasions
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Arts
Mayans Developed a religious calendar based on astronomy and an advanced writing system. Carved jade, built pyramids.
Aztecs Developed a calendar similar to the Mayans. Built pyramids. Paintings and pottery were usually religious or war based in theme.
Incas Worked metal, pottery and cloth