ImprovingOutcomesforYouthinColorado

FirstPresentationtoTaskForce:IOYouth ProcessandSystemOverviewMay14,2018

CSGJusticeCenterPresenters:NancyArrigona,ResearchManagerShanelleJohnson,PolicyAnalystNinaSalomon,ProjectManager

AboutTheCouncilofStateGovernments(CSG)JusticeCenter

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|2

Nationalnonprofit,nonpartisan,membership

associationofstategovernmentofficialsthat

engagesmembersofallthreebranchesof

stategovernment

Providespractical,nonpartisanresearch-driven

strategiesandtoolstoincreasepublicsafety

andstrengthencommunities

AbouttheNationalReentryResourceCenter

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|3

• AuthorizedbythepassageoftheSecondChanceActinApril2008

• LaunchedbyTheCouncilofStateGovernments(CSG)JusticeCenterinOctober2009

• AdministeredinpartnershipwiththeU.S.DepartmentofJustice’sBureauofJusticeAssistanceandtheOfficeofJuvenileJusticeandDelinquencyPrevention

TheCSGJusticeCenterhaspartneredwithnumerousstatestoprovidetechnicalassistance.

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|4

IAIN OH

VANC

UTKS

NEPA

NV

ND

OK

WA

GA

DE

MA

01 Background02 IOYouthinColorado

03 SystemOverview

States’juvenileincarcerationrateshavedeclineddramaticallyoverthepastdecade.

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|6

PERCENTCHANGEINSTATEJUVENILEINCARCERATIONRATES(1997-2015)

-150%

-100%

-50%

0%

50%

100% Co

nnecticut

Georgia

Tenn

essee

NorthCarolina

Miss

issippi

California

Arizo

naNew

York

Illinois

New

Jersey

Hawaii

Louisia

naMassachusetts

Virginia

Maryland

New

Ham

pshire

Washington

Texas

Kentucky

Wisc

onsin

Kansas

UnitedStates

Maine

Districto

fColum

bia

SouthCarolina

Ohio

Delaware

New

Mexico

Florida

Alabam

aAlaska

Michigan

Mon

tana

SouthDa

kota

Utah

Oklahom

aCo

lorado

Nevada

Wyoming

Indiana

Rhod

eIsland

Minne

sota

Iowa

Arkansas

Neb

raska

Oregon

Miss

ouri

Penn

sylvania

Verm

ont

NorthDakota

Idaho

WestV

irginia

-47%-61%

MelissaSickmund,T.J.Sladky,WeiKang,andCharlesPuzzanchera."EasyAccesstotheCensusofJuvenilesinResidentialPlacement."OfficeofJuvenileJusticeandDelinquencyPrevention.AccessedMay3,2018, http://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/ezacjrp/

Texascasestudy:systemimprovementscontributedtoover60percentdeclineinjuvenileincarcerationrates.

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|7

2011LEGISLATUREMergedformerTexasYouthCommissionandTexasJuvenileProbationCommissiontoformTexasJuvenileJusticeDepartment(TJJD)

2009LEGISLATURE$45millionforCommitmentReductionProgram,withincentivefundingforcountiesandcommunitysupervision

2007LEGISLATUREProhibitedcommitmenttostate-runsecurefacilitiesformisdemeanoroffenses;ageofstatejurisdictionreducedfrom21to19;$60millioninnewfundingforcounties

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

REFORMHIGHLIGHTSandAVERAGEDAILYPOPULATIONINSTATE-RUNSECUREJUVENILEFACILITIES

2013LEGISLATUREMandatedTJJDtocloseoneadditionalstate-runsecurefacility;$25milliondesignatedforcommunitymentalhealthservices

CSGJusticeCenterusedmorethan1.3millionrecordstoanalyzerecidivismratesforsimilargroupsofyouth

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|8

JuvenileProbationandSecureConfinementData

•899,101records•452,751juveniles

•Dispositionsandsecurereleases

CriminalHistoryandPrisonAdmissionData

•408,312records•242,541juveniles

•Arrestsandincarcerations

TwoCloser-to-HomeStudyCohorts

•Pre-reformcohort:27,131juveniles

• Post-reformcohort:31,371juveniles

“Applestoapples”comparisonofyoutheligibleforincarceration:• Youthsupervisedinthecommunity• Youthreleasedfromstate-runsecurefacilities

Youthkeptclosertohomehavebetteroutcomes.

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|9

One-YearProbabilityofRearrest

ReleasedfromState-RunSecureFacilities

41%

SupervisedintheCommunity

34%

FirstRecidivismOffenseaFelony

ReleasedfromState-RunSecureFacilities

49%

SupervisedintheCommunity

17%

3xmorelikelytocommitafelonywhenrecidivating

21%morelikelytoberearrested

Percapitafundingforcountyjuvenileprobationdepartmentsincreasedsignificantlyaftersystemimprovements.

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|10

FY2005 FY2012 %Change

Percentageoflocaljuvenileprobationdepartmentexpenditures

contributedbycounty

Percapitaexpendituresforlocaljuvenileprobationdepartments $3,555 $7,023 98%

77% 71% -8%

Expendituresadjustedforinflationto2014dollars

$4,337 $7,304 68%

Rearrest ratesforyouthonprobationwerecomparableregardlessofinterventionanddidnotimproveafterchanges.

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|11

PRE-REFORMSTUDYGROUPOne-YearProbabilityofRearrest

TreatmentProgram

StateIncarceration 41%

Skill-BasedProgram

SurveillanceProgram

SecureCountyPlacement

Non-SecureCountyPlacement

NoIntervention

29%

28%

31%

33%

35%

33%

POST-REFORMSTUDYGROUPOne-YearProbabilityofRearrest

41%

27%

30%

29%

34%

35%

32%

INTERVENTIONTYPE

Asignificantpercentageoflowriskyouthreceivedsupervisionandservices.

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|12

4%77%

35%91%

%ofLow-RiskYouthonSupervisioninPrograms

Victoria

Tarrant 44%

Travis 71%

Low-RiskYouthonSupervisioninPrograms%HighNeed

11%

22%

Harris 80%Lubbock 43%

4%

19%

ElPaso

Cameron 40%Dallas 55%

20%

18%

Lowriskyouthinmostcountiesstayedlongerinprogramsthanhighriskyouth.

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|13

133136

69125

LOWRISKYOUTH

Victoria

Tarrant 105

Travis 115

77

112

Harris 75Lubbock 118

104

167

ElPaso

Cameron 193Dallas 124

135

94

HIGH-RISKYOUTH

MEDIANLENGTHOFSTAYINDAYSINAPROGRAMBYRISKLEVEL

Youthwerenotsufficientlymatchedwithservicesthataddressedtheirneedsandwithresearch-basedservices.

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|14

0%**

0%*

PERCENT OFTHESEYOUTHINSUBSTANCEABUSETREATMENT

ORINTERVENTIONPROGRAM

Victoria

Tarrant 2%*

Travis 27%

Harris 12%

Lubbock 32%

ElPaso

Cameron 25%

Dallas 23%

518

0

659

497

3,731

131

287

1,835

NUMBER OFYOUTHATREFERRALIDENTIFIEDAS

HAVINGASUBTANCEABUSENEEDFY2012

Texascasestudyhasimplicationsforallstates:

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|15

• Statescanreducethenumberofincarceratedyouthwithoutcompromisingpublicsafety.

• Youthsupervisedclosertohomehavelowerrearrestratesthansimilaryouthreleasedfromstate-runsecurefacilities.

• Increasedresourcesarenotsufficienttoreducerecidivismandimproveoutcomesforyouthoncommunitysupervisionandleavingincarceration.Resourcesmustbeusedefficientlytomatchyouthwiththeappropriatelevelandtypeofresearch-basedsupervisionandservices.

01 Background

02 IOYouthinColorado03 SystemOverview

ColoradoleadershiprequestedtechnicalassistancefromtheCSGJusticeCenterthroughIOYouth.

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|17

IOYouth assistsstatestoanswerthefollowingquestions:

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|18

Howwelldoourresources,policies,andpracticesalignwithwhattheresearchsaysworkstoreducerecidivismandimproveotheryouth

outcomes?

Towhatextentare leadersfromthethreebranchesofstate

governmentworkingtogetherandinpartnershipwithlocalgovernmentstoimproveoutcomesforyouthunderjuvenilejusticesystem

supervision?

Whatrecidivismandotheroutcomedatadoesourstatetrackforyouthunderthesupervisionofthejuvenile

justicesystem?

IOYouth canbuilduponColorado’srecenteffortstostrengthenthejuvenilejusticesystem.

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|19

• Passageof2017legislationaimedatimprovingconditionsofconfinementinDepartmentofYouthServicesfacilities

• ExpansionoftheCollaborativeManagementProgram,whichprovidesfundingprogramsforchildren,youth,andfamiliesinvolvedwithmultipleagenciesin45counties

• ReductionofColorado’sjuveniledetentionadmissionsbydecreasingbedavailabilityandcreatingalternativesthroughtheeffortsofSB94(detentionbedcapat382)

GovernorHickenloopersupportedtheformationofastatewidetaskforcetoidentifywaystostrengthenpublicsafetyandimproveoutcomesforyouth.

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|20

SenatorBobGardner,CochairColoradoGeneralAssembly

Rep.PeteLee,CochairColoradoGeneralAssembly

ReggieBichaColoradoDepartmentofHumanServices

JusticeBrianBoatrightSupremeCourtofColorado

StacieNelsonCollingOfficeoftheAlternateDefenseCouncil

JeffCuneoColoradoJuvenileDefenderCenter

SheriDanzOfficeoftheChildRepresentative

JulieDeNicolaSteppingStonesAdvocacy

Hon.LeslieJ.Gerbracht3rd JudicialDistrictCourt

RebeccaGleason18th JudicialDistrict

ArnoldHanumanColoradoDistrictAttorney’sCouncil

WillHaysHilltopCommunityResources,JJDPC

EmilyHumphrey8th JudicialDistrict

AndersJacobsonDivisionofYouthServices

BillKilpatrickCityofGoldenPoliceDepartment

Elizabeth(Elise)LogemannColoradoBarAssociation

Rep.PaulLundeenColoradoGeneralAssembly

DanielMakelkyDouglasCountyDepartmentofHumanServices

Hon.AnnGailMeinster1st JudicialDistrictCourt

Lanie Meyers-MirelesProwersCountyDepartmentofHumanServices

Rep.DafnaMichaelson- JenetColoradoGeneralAssembly

JeniferMorgen17th JudicialDistrict

BarrieNewberger-KingOfficeoftheColoradoStatePublicDefender

MikeO’Rourke11th JudicialDistrict

ChrisRyanColoradoJudicialBranch

LindseySandovalOfficeoftheColoradoStatePublicDefender

Rebecca WallaceACLU ofColorado

MegWilliamsOfficeofAdultandJuvenileJusticeAssistance&JuvenileParoleBoard

AdamZarrinOfficeofGovernorJohnHickenlooper

IOYouth hasfourphasesdesignedtoidentifyandadvancepolicies,practices,andfundingtoimproveoutcomesforyouth.

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|21

Analyzedataandreviewpolicyand

practice

Presentsystem-improvement

recommendationsAdoptnewpolicies Implementnew

policies

12monthprocess 6-12monthprocess

Assessmentfindingswillbebasedondetailedcase-leveldatafrommanysources.

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|22

Data Source Status

Diversions Multiplesources Requested

Detentions ColoradoDepartmentofHumanServices,DivisionofYouthServices Received

CourtFilings ColoradoJudicialBranch,OfficeoftheCourtAdministrator Requested

SB94RecordsColoradoDepartmentofHumanServices,DivisionofYouthServices Requested

ProbationRecords ColoradoJudicialBranch,OfficeoftheCourtAdministrator Requested

Commitments ColoradoDepartmentofHumanServices,DivisionofYouthServices Received

Assessmentfindingswillalsoreflectfeedbackfromextensiveinterviewsandfocusgroupswithsystemstakeholders.

•Governor’sOffice• Statelegislators• Stateagencyleadershipandstaff• Probationchiefsandofficers•Districtattorneys/publicdefenders• Judges

FebruaryStatewideInitialVisit

•GrandMesaleadership,staff,youth,parents• Residentialandnonresidentialserviceproviders•Districtattorneys/publicdefenders•Probationchiefsandofficers• Judges• LawEnforcement

AprilGrandJunction

• Judges•Probationchiefsandofficers•Districtattorneys/publicdefenders•Residentialandnonresidentialserviceproviders• Facilityleadership,staff,youth,parents•CountyDepartmentsofHumanServices

MayDenver/ColoradoSprings

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|23

Theassessmentprocessisguidedbythecoreprinciplesshownbyresearchtoimproveoutcomesforyouthinthejuvenilejusticesystem.

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|24

Principle1

Basesupervision,service,andresource-allocationdecisionsontheresultsofvalidatedriskandneedsassessments.

Principle2

Adoptandeffectivelyimplementprograms

andservicesdemonstratedto

reducerecidivismandimproveotheryouthoutcomes,andusedatatoevaluatetheresultsanddirect

systemimprovements.

Principle3

Employacoordinatedapproachacrossservicesystemsto

addressyouth’sneeds.

Principle4

Tailorsystempolicies,programs,and

supervisiontoreflectthedistinct

developmentalneedsofadolescents.

Commonchallengestoimprovingyouthoutcomesinclude:

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|25

Usingresourcesefficientlyacrosssystemstoprovidetherightyouthwiththerightservices basedonriskandneeds

Evaluatingsystemandprogrameffectivenessandyouthoutcomesinasystematicway

o

Matchingyouthtothemostappropriatelevelandlengthofsupervisionand employinggraduatedresponsestoyouth’sbehavior

Implementingresearch-based programsandpracticeswith fidelity

o

o

ThetaskforceoverseestheinitiativeandisresponsiblefordetermininghowbesttoimproveColorado’sjuvenilejusticesystem.

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|26

Overseeinitiativeandscopeofwork

Providestrategicdirectiononpolicyoptiondevelopment

Reachconsensusonpolicyoptions

ProvidededicatedstafftoColorado

Analyzesystemdataandconductextensiveinterviews/focusgroups

Deliverfindings,presentrecommendations,andassistwithtranslationintopolicyadoption

CSGJUSTICECENTERRESPONSIBILITIESTASKFORCERESPONSIBILITIES

Identifyjuvenilejusticesystempriorities

Passpackageofreformsin2019sessionandidentifyothermechanismsforpolicychange

IOYouth canhaveasubstantialimpactonpublicsafety,theefficientuseofresources,andyouthoutcomeswhen:

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|27

1. Initiativeisstate- ratherthanCSGJusticeCenter- led

2. Transformationratherthanincrementalimprovementistheprimaryobjective

3. Communicationwithinandbetweentaskforcemembers,otherstakeholders,andtheCSGJusticeCenterisopen,active,andcollaborativearoundkeythemes,bestpractices,andpotentialconcerns

4. Dataissharedinatimelyfashionandatrustedsourceforunderstandingsystemfunctioningandperformance

ThroughIOYouth,Nevadaadoptedlegislationandappropriationchangestotransformitsjuvenilejusticesystem:

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|28

Ø Requiresadoptionofstatewidevalidatedriskassessmenttoolandmentalhealthscreeningtools.

Ø Requiresthatallstatefundingisusedforevidence-basedpracticesandestablishesanevidence-basedresourcecentertoprovidetechnicalassistance.

Ø Establishesperformancemeasuresandreportingrequirementsandstrengthensstate/localagencydatacapacity.

Ø AlignscorrectionspoliciesandpracticeswithRiskNeedResponsivityprinciplesandrequiresannualfacilityassessments.

ThroughassistancefromtheCSGJusticeCenterandPewCharitableTrusts,Utahoverhauleditsjuvenilejusticesystem:

Expandeffectivepre-courtinterventions,focuspre-adjudicationdetentiononhigher-riskyouth,anddeveloplocaldetentionalternatives

statewide.

Prioritizespaceinstatefacilitiesandcommunitysupervisionforthosewhoposethehighestriskwhilereinvestinginevidence-basedprogramstohold

youthaccountableandreducerecidivism.

Supportperformance-basedcontractingforprogramsdeliveredtojuveniles,increasetrainingforstaff,andimprovesystemaccountability.

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|29

ProgramClosures/Reductions Amount

WorkCamps $2.8million

ResidentialO&A’s $6.0million

CommunityPlacements $3.4million

TOTAL $12.2million

01 Background

02 IOYouthinColorado

03 SystemOverview

Colorado’sjuvenilejusticesystemiscomplex,withmultipleentitiesresponsiblefordifferentpointsofthecontinuum.

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|31

Diversion

64DAOffices

County,school,LE,andgrantfunded

SB94

22JudicialDistricts

StatefundedthroughDYS

Detention

22JudicialDistricts

9DYSfacilities

StatefundedthroughDYS

Probation

23Probationdepartments

StatefundedthroughCJD/offenderfees,HB1451

Placement

23Probationdepartments

Communitycontractproviders

StatefundedthroughDHS

Commitment

DYSandJudicialDistricts

8DYSfacilitiesandcontractproviders

StatefundedthroughDYS

Coloradospendsover$130millionannuallyonthejuvenilejusticesystem.

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|32

Agency FundingSource Amount

DYS AgencyAppropriationincluding$10millionforSB94

$125million

DYS Marijuana TaxRevenue

$2million

DAs(Diversion)* StateGeneralFund $1.2million

DAs(Diversion) MarijuanaTaxRevenue

$400,000

Judicial(Probation) AgencyAppropriation $7million

JuvenileJusticeBudgetFY2017-2018

*Doesnotincludelocalfundingfordiversion

Recidivismisreportedannuallythoughdifferencesexistinhowratesarecalculated.

DYSRecidivismRatesProbationRecidivismRates

RecidivismRateforDischargesFY2014andFY2016

Newadjudicationorconvictionforamisdemeanororfelonyoffenseafter

discharge.

Post-Release:Afilingforafelonyormisdemeanoroffensewithinoneyearoftermination.

Pre-Release:Adjudicationorconvictionforafelonyormisdemeanoroffenseor

atechnicalviolationwhileonsupervision.

8%

21% 71% FY2016

NewCrime Violation Successful

Pre-releaserecidivism

29%

RateforFY2016Terminations15%

28.1% 31.5%

FY2014 FY2016

1YearRate 3YearRate

55.2%

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|33

BetweenFY2012-2016,juvenilearrestsdeclinedby18percentwhilejuveniledelinquencypetitionsdecreasedby9percent.

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|34

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

7,800

8,000

8,200

8,400

8,600

8,800

9,000

9,200

FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 FY2016

JuvenileDelinquencyPetitions JuvenileArrests

BetweenFY2012-2016,DYSdetentionadmissionsandnewcommitmentsalsodecreased.

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|35

488 474

410387 381

FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 FY2016

DYSNewCommits

-22%

7,3246,783

7,0246,510

5,980

FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 FY2016

DetentionAdmits

-18%

JuvenileDetentionAdmissionsFY2012– FY2016

NewCommitmentstoDYSFY2012– FY2016

AveragedailypopulationinbothdetentionandDYScustodyalsodecreasedoverthesametimeperiod.

150

170

190

210

230

250

270

290

310

330

FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 FY2016

DetentionADP

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|36

400

500

600

700

800

900

FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015

CommitmentADP

-16% -19%

DetentionAverageDailyPopulationFY2012– FY2016

CommitmentAverageDailyPopulationFY2012– FY2016

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|37

Juvenileprobationstartsandactiveclientshavedeclined;themajorityofyouthareonprobationforamisdemeanoroffense.

JuvenileProbationNewClientsAndActiveClients,*FY2012-FY2016

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 FY2016

NewProbations ActiveClients

22%Decline

6% 9%

57% 59%

28% 31%

FY2012 FY2016

Petty Misdemeanor Felony

*ActiveClientsasof6/30

27%Decline

JuvenileProbationNewClientOffenseType,*FY2012andFY2016

*9%ofoffensesinFY2012wereclassifiedas“unknown”

Severalissueareashaveemergedfrominitialconversations,whichwillbeexploredinmoredepththroughtheassessment.

SystemComplexityandCoordination

DiversionCriteriaandProcess

UseofRiskandNeedsScreeningandAssessment

Tools

ServiceUse,Matching,andAvailability

TrackingSystemPerformanceandYouth

Outcomes

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|38

Questionsfordiscussion

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|39

Whatareyourprioritiesforthisinitiative?

Whatarepotentialbarriers/challengestosuccess?

Arethereotherpeople/organizationsthatweshouldtalkaspartofthisprocess?

IOYouth timelineandnextsteps

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|40

May June July Sep Oct Nov Dec

TaskForce Meeting#1

ProjectLaunchTaskForceMeeting#2

2019SessionApril

InitialDataAnalysis

DetailedDataAnalysis FinalDataAnalysis ImpactAnalysis

StakeholderEngagement PolicyOptionDevelopment

BillDrafting

Policymakers,MediaandStakeholderEngagement

PolicyRolloutandBill

Introduction

TaskForceMeeting#3

TaskForceMeeting#4