improving agricultural productivity and food security-crops, presented by dr. michael baum, icarda
TRANSCRIPT
Improving Agricultural Productivity and Food Security-Crops
Michael Baum Michael Baum Acting Director of Biodiversity and Integrated Gene Management Program;Acting Director of Biodiversity and Integrated Gene Management Program;
BiotechnologistBiotechnologistThe International Center for Agricultural Research The International Center for Agricultural Research
in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)P.O. Box 5466 Aleppo, SyriaP.O. Box 5466 Aleppo, Syria
I
Global mandateGlobal mandate
BarleyBarley LentilLentil
Faba BeanFaba Bean Water- use efficiencyWater- use efficiency
Regional mandateRegional mandate
ChickpeaChickpea Bread WheatBread WheatDurum WheatDurum Wheat
Rangeland and Small Ruminant Rangeland and Small Ruminant Nutrition ImprovementNutrition Improvement
Forage LegumesForage Legumes
BIGMBiodiversity and Integrated
Gene Management Program
IWLMIntegrated Water and Land Management Program
DSIPSDiversification and Sustainable Intensification of Production Systems Program
SEPRSocial, Economic and
Policy Research Program
Programs at ICARDA
Breeding Programs supported by:
Genetic Resources Section (GRS)
Biotechnology Laboratory
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Seed Section
Seed Health Laboratory (SHL)
Grain Quality Laboratory
International Nurseries (IN)
Staff: 110 + dailies
Biodiversity & Crop Improvement: wheat, barley, legume
Poverty & Livelihoods, Analysis& Impact Assessment
Genetic resource section (GRS) & genebank
genetic diversity of wheat, barley, food legumes, pasture forage species from diverse origins for use in research and plant breeding
collect/acquire conserve
characterize evaluate document distribute
Medium term storage: 2o-4oC
133,026 accessions are conserved in ICARDA genebank.
63% are wild relatives and landraces. Most of them collected in
CWANA region.
Long term storage: -20oC
80% of ICARDA accessions is safety
duplicated in Svalbard Seed Vault (Norway)
100% is the aim
Biotechnology Laboratory
Current Major Projects: “The Centre of Excellence Program” between Tottori University and ICARDA, 2007-2011. Breeding cereals for stress tolerance.
“Developing drought and heat tolerant wheat germplasm and its utilisation for the drylands of Central and West Asia and North Africa”, BMZ, Germany.
“Biotechnology Development in the Arab World: Establishment of a Containment Facility at ICARDA” AFESD, Kuwait, 2007-2009.
• Application of biotechnology to enhance the speed and efficiency of plant breeding Marker assisted selection Doubled-haploid production
• Application of gene technology for genetic enhancement Production of GM plants in chickpea,
lentil, wheat and barley.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Virology
Activities:
Field Surveys and Diagnosis: Pest monitoring and diversity characterization Host Plant Resistance Pesticide applications Cultural Practices Biological control Capacity building Information Dissemination
BGRI Protocols established in Ethiopia, Yemen, and Egypt for Pathogenicity surveys.
New sources of resistance identified for Stem rust, yellow rust, Sunn pest, Russian wheat aphid, Wheat stem saw fly and Barley yellow dwarf virus.
IPM pilot sites for Sunn pest and Hessian fly.
Biological control of Sunn pest using isolates of the fungus Beauveria bassiana
Molecular characterization of Wheat streak mosaic virus. Seed transmission and yield loss studied.
Cereal Pathology
Food Legume Pathology
Entomology
Plant health system established using host plant resistance, biological control mechanism and pathogenicity monitoring and surveillance against diseases and insects
Ma’Rib, Yemen
Strengthened seed systems through increased private sector participation and alternative delivery systems
Alternative seed delivery systems by establishing technically feasible and economically viable VBSEs in Afghanistan (17), Eritrea (1) and Pakistan (4) in remote or marginal areas. Produced and marketed 3,853 t of seed of wheat, rice, mung bean and potato reaching
60,000 households (500,000 people).
Accelerated seed multiplication of UG99 resistant wheat varieties to counter threat in at risk countries: Egypt, Ethiopia, Pakistan. Fast-track release of UG resistant varieties Creating awareness for policy advocacy Polarizing UG resistant varieties to farmers Accelerating pre-release seed multiplication
Effective regional seed network as a forum to encourage collaboration and create regional seed market.
Enhanced capacity of national agricultural research, seed programs, development agencies and extension services to better manage seed supply systems.
Seed SectionICARDA is the only CGIAR Center with a dedicated Seed Section working with breeding programs.
Seed Health Laboratory
SbP identifications
SHL is wildly recognized as a reference laboratory of
CWANA
Field inspection
Activities:
Monitoring the health status and safe movement of germplasm and breeding lines for seed exchange.
Ensuring seed health quality of seeds produced and distributed.
Research on seed borne pathogens.
Capacity building and information dissemination.
100% of incoming and outgoing germplasm are
tested against seed borne pathogens.
For example in 200813,000 accessions of all incoming
and outgoing genetic material tested for seed borne diseases,
and pests. 1,650 accessions cleaned from
viruses. 3,350 accessions cleaned from
fungi.
International Nurseries
Sending segregating populations, elite lines, yield trials and disease nurseries to NARS for testing and further selection in local environments.
Received 108 requests for 1,856 trial sets, from more than 500 researchers contacted in 2008.
Sets of nurseries and special dispatches sent to 51 countries.
Crop Yield Trials
Observation Nurseries
Stress Nurseries
Segregating populations
Crossing blocks
Total Sets
Bread wheat 163 46 209
Durum wheat 42 37 79
Barley 146 149 105 26 34 460
Chickpea 99 121 25 245
Lentil 97 67 44 208
Faba bean 63 13 76
Grass pea (Lathyrus)
39 39
Total 586 232 356 108 34 1,316
Varieties Releases, 1977-2008
Crop_Name Developing Industrialized Total Varieties
Barley 175 31 206
Bread Wheat 224 6 230
Durum 102 14 116
Chickpea 108 31 139
Faba Bean 51 6 57
Forages 30 2 32
Lentil 96 16 112
Peas 9 9
Total 795 106 901
Collection, acquisition, regeneration, documentation and ex situ conservation of genetic resources of ICARDA mandate crops.
Gene mining and eco-tilling activities.
Agro-morphological and molecular characterization and evaluation of ex situ collections for traits relevant for use in germplasm enhancement.
Pre-breeding activities
Identification and use of wild relatives, landraces and other genetic stocks to broaden the genetic base of cereals and legumes.
Distribution and exchange of genetic resources
Promoting in situ/on-farm conservation of agrobiodiversity.
Institutional strengthening and capacity building,
Major products of Project 1:Conservation and Sustainable Use of Agrobiodiversity in Dry Areas
Characterization of small ruminant breeds and changes in the production systems affecting genetic diversity.
Major products of Project 2: ICARDA-CIMMYT Wheat Improvement Program (ICWIP) for Central and West Asia and North Africa (CWANA)
Stress tolerant (drought, heat and cold) wheat germplasm adapted to variable environments of CWANA.
Rust resistant wheat germplasm especially against stem rust race Ug99 and its variants in addition to yellow and leaf rusts.
Enhanced wheat germplasm for water use efficiency.
Integrated pest management options for the control of diseases, insect pests.
Conservation agriculture practices implemented for wheat based production systems.
Capacity building of NARS programs.
Major products of Project 3: Barley Improvement
Stress tolerant (drought, salinity, and cold) germplasm for food security and crop diversification.
Barley germplasm with superior end-use (malt) and nutritional quality for improved nutrition, health, and farm income.
New traits through gene discovery for crop diversity. (Generation Challenge Program).
Improved methodologies and tools for genetic improvement (i.e. participatory plant breeding and doubled haploids).
Integrated pest management options for the control of barley diseases and insect pests.
Production of seed to enhance the availability and use of improved barley varieties.
Capacity building in NARS programs.
New strategy developed to better served drylands, cold areas and favorable/irrigated conditions.
Participatory approach is under development with several NARS.
Major products of Project 4:Food Legume Improvement Lentil, Kabuli chickpea, faba bean and
grasspea
Products developed through consultation with and analysis of the needs of NARS.
Stress tolerant (diseases, pests, drought and cold) cool-season legumes for food security, and crop intensification and diversification.
Bio-fortified lentils (Harvest Plus CP) and low-toxin/toxin-free grasspea for improved nutrition and health.
New traits through allele/gene mining for key traits (Generation Challenge Program).
Improved methodologies and tools for genetic improvement (pre-breeding, advanced biometry, international crop information system, etc.).
Integrated pest management options for the control of diseases and insect pests.
Strengthening seed delivery systems.
Capacity building in NARS programs.
Thank YouThank You