Important World Cultivars of LoquatJules Janick, Zhike Zhang, and Shunquan Lin

Purdue University, USAGuangdon Higher Education Institute, China

Loquats and a Mountain BirdSouthern Song Dynasty (1127–1279)

BrazilJ. Saval BrasilRonda BrasilChinaChanghong-3DazhongHongganbenJiefanghzhongMeihuaxiaPuxinbenTaicheng-4Xiangzhong-11Zaozhong-6JapanMogiMogi WasseTanakaItalyBiancoItaliano-1MarchettoOttaviani

MaiteManisesMarcMas VaguéMasía CañeraManeraMercedesMil HomensMiquel d’AixaràMiquel NucierNadal TardíoNadal TempranoPeluchesPeixPere EsquenaPieraPolop-1RaúlRedonetRequinaRonda GruesosSacós

RosaRosa TardíoSanfilipparaVaniglia DulceVirticchiaraPakistanIkramullah-1Ikramullah-2Khyber-1Saeed-1PortugalAlmargemMata Mouros

RegionalRolhâo IITaviraSpainAl-AmaAlcácerAlfons Gregori-1Alfons Gregori-2Algerie (Altea)Algerie clon tardío

BarretBenimelliBeniaratxBordeCabeloCambrilsChirleroCortCoxCremaorDamaDulce PeraEstrada BlancEstrada GrocPaco el GordoIRTAIsmaelJavierínJoaquín GinerLinaresMagdalMagdal Carne

Blanca

SaguntíSallySamper-1Samper-2Saval-1Saval-2Saval MorenoSaval NerviadoSisantanouSiscarSusanaTemprano de

PetrésToni TomacaVilaUSAAdvanceChampagneGolden NuggetMcBethMrs CookseySabrosoVista White

Fujian

Huangmi Seedling, 2005, big fruit 63–121gWhitish. Late, late-April to early-MayEdible rate: 73%. TSS: 13%Thick peel, easy peel, resists fruit cracking,

rust, sunburn; good storage & transport

CHINA: Fujian ProvinceYanhong ‘Jiefangzhong’ × ‘Gold Nugget2009, 69g.Orange, late, mid MayTSS :13.1%.Disease resistance, high yield

Changhong No.3 Seedling, 1987, 50.1g. YellowishTSS: 8.9%High yield, large fruit, thick fresh, disease resistance

Zaozhong No.6 ‘Jiefangzhong’ × ‘Moriowase’, 198953–100g. Orange, Early (mid-April)TSS: 11.9%. High yieldMelting, sweet, resistant to fruit rust & low temperature

Zheijiang

Ninghaibai Seedling, 2004, 52g, WhitishLate May to early June. TSS: 13–19%Quality: Melting

Libai Seedling, 1985, 45g, WhitishMid-late May. TSS: 14.2, 79% edibleQuality, tender, juicy, rich flavorResistant to leaf spot, fruit rust, sunburn

Subai No. 1Seedling, new. 41g, WhitishLate (early–mid June). TSS: 14.5%Quality; high, juicy, sweet-sour, long storage

CHINA: Zheijiang Province

DahongpaoSeedling, 1876, 45–100gYellow-orange, late May, TSS: 11%.High yield, resistant to cold & droughtEasy to peel, thick flesh, good quality.

Sichuan

Dawuxing Seedling, 1978, 60–78gOrange-red. TSS: 12–15%Edible rate 73%. Late (May-June)Easy peel, strong flavor, juicy, tender and delicate

Longquan No.1 Seedling, 2002, 58–69gYellow-orange Early (mid-May)TSS: 11.4%, 71% edibleLarge fruit, good taste, tender

CHINA: Sichuan Province

Anhui

Shanxi

CHINA: Anhui Province

Guangrongzhong Seedling, 45–80gYellow-orange. Mid-late MayTSS: 10%High yield, resistant to cold & dry, good storage & transportEasy peel, sweet-acid, good quality

CHINA: Shanxi Province

MaihouhuangSeedling, 1995, 30–42gOrange-red. TSS 12.0%Edible rate 75%Late (mid to late-June)High yield, delicate, good taste

TURKEY

Akko I3Japanese origin, 20–25g, 2–3 seedDark orange, yellow-red fleshSunburnJuicy, sweet agreeable flavorGood keeping

Golden NuggetClone of Tanaka, California 1888–1890Orange, yellow-red fleshJuicy, sweet, agreeable apricot-like flavorGood keeping, ships well

Hafif CukurgobekSeedling, Turkish selectionOrange, yellowish-red fleshSweet, juicy, pleasant flavor,Good keeping

ITALY (Sicily)

VirticchiaraSeedling from Bocca di Falco

(near Palermo)Very early (April)White-pink flesh, 45–50g, TSS:

9–10%Sweet

Nespola Rossa Seedling from Ficarfazzi (near Palermo)End of April, (flowers Oct–Dec).Pink fleshTSS: 9–10%Pollinator for Nespolone di Trabia and

Sanfilliparo

Nespolone di TrabiaSeedling from Trabia (near Palermo)May–JuneOrange flesh, 60–80gTSS: 14–15%Very good quality, ships well

ITALY (Sicily)

Sanfilipparo (Gigante)Derived and similar to Nespolone di TrabiaOrange fleshAdaptable to different climates, ships well

MarchettoSeedling from Facarazzi (near Palermo)White orange flesh, 70–80g, TSS: 15%Easy peel, ships poorly, local sales

SPAIN

AlgerieSeedling from Algeria, 65g, TSS: 11%Yellow-orange fruit & fleshJuicy, tasty, good sugar acid balance, good postharvest High productivity 90% of Spanish production

Golden NuggetClone of Tanaka, California 1888–1890Orange, yellow-red fleshJuicy, sweet, agreeable apricot-like flavorGood keeping, ships well

UNITED STATES (California)

AdvanceSeedling, 1897 (C.P. Taft), Japanese originLate, Yellow–red flesh, self infertileDowny skin, Medium sizeGood pollinatorExcellent flavor, thick fleshDwarf tree

ChampagneSeedling, 1908 (C.P. Taft), Japanese originMid-season to lateYellowish-red flesh, 3–5 seedExcellent flavor, juicyProlific

JAPAN (Honshu, Shikoku)

TanakaSeed from Nagasaki 1888May (late in California), 70–80g, 2–4 seedYellow-red flesh, firm. Juicy, subacid, sweet35% of crop in Japan, susceptible to sunburn

JAPAN (Kyushu)

Yougyoku‘Mogi’ × ‘Morimoto’, 1973,

released 199960g, TSS: 12%Yellow fleshSensitive to loquat canker

Shiromogi From Moki, seedling of Chinese loquat, 1840Mid seasonWhite fleshExcellent quality

Nagasaki-wase‘Mogi’ × ‘Hondawase’, 1976Very earlyOrange-orange yellow, yellow-red fleshExcellent quality, good keeping

JAPAN (Kyushu)

SuzukazeFrom ‘Kusunoki’ × ‘Mogi’, 1999, 55g Yellow fleshMiddle season, big fruit

ReigetsuFrom Moriowase × , 2002, 51gYellow freshMature in late April, easy to peel

Mizuho‘Nao’ × ‘Tanaka’Yellow fleshLate season

Obusa‘Tanaka’ × ‘Kushioki’, 1967, 70 gYellow fleshMid-seasonGood keeping quality, resistant to insects & diseases

JAPAN

ISRAEL

Akko 1Midseason, 40–50 gSensitive to 'Purple spot'Dark orange peelProbably chance seedling from

Akko farm, 1960s–1970sFruit pear shapeRelatively strong flavor

YehudaMidseason, 40-50 gProbably Akko 1 × Akko 13,

1960s–1970sOrange peelFruit shape oblong

AvriRelatively late season50–70 g (relatively large fruit)Local chance seedling from Nordia nursery 1980sYellow-orange peelFruit pear shape

Seedless loquat H324 (white fleshed)

Seedless loquat D425 (orange flesh) with diploid ‘Jinfeng’ at far right

Conclusion

Most present cultivars are chance seedlingsVariability in cultivars include:

External and internal colorSizeFlesh characters, taste, sweetness, acidity, textureSeed numberFlesh thicknessKeeping qualityDisease resistance

Loquats and a Mountain BirdSouthern Song Dynasty (1127–1279)