important tribes of india crux

Important Tribes of India CRUX Important Tribes of India by Dr. Gaurav Garg
Tribes of India Scheduled Tribes in India According to the 2011 Census, the Scheduled Tribes account for 10.45
Crore representing 8.6% of the country’s population. These Scheduled Tribes are spread throughout the country largely in forest and hilly regions.
The essential characteristics of these communities are :- Primitive Traits (For example, Use of Arrow Bow) Geographical isolation Distinct culture Shy of contact with community at large Economically backwards
The Ministry of Tribal Affairs The Ministry of Tribal Affairs was set up in 1999, after the bifurcation of the Ministry of Social Justice and
Empowerment with the objective of providing a more focused approach on the development of the STs. Before the formation of this Ministry, tribal affairs were being handled by different Ministries as given below:
1. As a Division of the Ministry of Home Affairs named as ‘Tribal Division’ since Independence up to September, 1985. 2. The Ministry of Welfare from September 1985 to May 1998. 3. The Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment from May 1998 to September 1999.
PVTG (Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups) They are more vulnerable among the tribal groups. Due to this factor, more developed and assertive tribal groups take a major chunk of the tribal development funds,
because of which PVTGs need more funds directed for their development. In 1975, the Government of India initiated to identify the most vulnerable tribal groups as a separate category called
PVTGs and declared 52 such groups. In 1993 an additional 23 groups were added to the category, making it a total of 75 PVTGs. PVTGs have some basic characteristics -
They are mostly homogenous, with a small population, relatively physically isolated, absence of written language, relatively simple technology and a slower rate of change etc.
Most of these groups have not attained significant levels of educational, economic progress and are having low health indices.
Among the 75 listed PVTG’s the highest number are found in Odisha.
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S. No. Name of the State / UT Name of PVTGs
1 Andhra Pradesh (including Telangana)
1. Bodo Gadaba 2. Bondo Poroja 3. Chenchu 4. Dongaria Khond 5. Dongria Khond 6. Gutob Gadaba 7. Kolam 8. Kondareddis 9. Konda Savaras 10. Kutia Khond 11. Parengi Poroja 12. Thoti
2 Bihar (including Jharkhand)
13. Asurs ** 14. Birhor ** 15. Birjia 16. Hill Kharia ** 17. Korwas 18. Mal Paharia ** 19. Parhaiyas 20. Sauria Paharia 21. Savar
3 Gujarat 22. Kathodi ** 23.Kotwalia ** 24. Padhar 25. Siddi 26. Kolgha
4 Karnataka 27. Jenu Kuruba ** 28. Koraga **
National Commission for Scheduled Tribes
National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) was set up with effect from 19th February, 2004 by amending Article 338 and inserting a new Article 338A in the Constitution, through the Commission (Eighty-ninth Amending) Act, 2003.
The Chairman and the Vice-Chairman of the Commission have been conferred the rank of Union Cabinet Minister and Minister of State respectively.
Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRSs) was introduced in the year 1997-98 to provide quality education to Scheduled Tribe (ST) students in remote areas.
The Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India Limited (TRIFED) is a Multi State Cooperative Society set up in 1987 under the Multi State Cooperative Societies Act, 1984 (now the Multi State Cooperative Societies Act, 2002) which functions both as a service provider and market developer for tribal products. It markets tribal products through the network of its retail outlets ‘ TRIBES INDIA ’ in the country.
Tribal Freedom Fighter Museums 1. Andhra Pradesh (Lambasingi) 2. Chhattisgarh (Raipur) 3. Gujarat (Rajpipla) 4. Jharkhand (Ranchi) 5. Kerala (Kozhikode) 6. Madhya Pradesh (Chhindwara) 7. Mizoram (Kelsih) 8. Telangana (Hyderabad) 9. Manipur (Senapati)
5 Kerala 29. Cholanaikayan 30. Kadar 31. Kattunayakan 32. Kurumbas 33. Koraga
6 Madhya Pradesh (including Chhattisgarh)
34. Abujh Marias ** 35. Baigas ** 36. Bharias 37. Hill Korwas 38. Kamars ** 39. Saharias ** 40. Birhor
7 Maharashtra 41. Katkaria (Kathodia) ** 42. Kolam ** 43. Maria Gond
8 Manipur 44. Morram Nagas
9 Odisha 45. Birhor 46. Bondo 47. Didayi 48. Dongria-Khond 49. Juangs 50. Kharias 51. Kutia Kondh 52. Lanjia Sauras 53. Lodhas 54. Mankidias ** 55. Paudi Bhuyans 56. Soura 57. Chuktia Bhunjia
10 Rajasthan 58. Seharias **
11 Tamil Nadu 59. Kattu Nayakans ** 60. Kotas ** 61. Kurumbas ** 62. Irulas ** 63. Paniyans ** 64. Todas **
12 Tripura 65. Reangs ** (Bru)
13 Uttar Pradesh (including Uttarakhand)
66. Buxas ** 67. Rajis **
14 West Bengal 68. Birhor 69. Lodhas ** 70. Totos **
15 Andaman & Nicobar 71. Great Andamanese 72. Jarawas ** 73. Onges ** 74. Sentinelese ** 75. Shom Pens **
Highest tribal population in India among states #1 Madhya Pradesh - 1.5 Crore (14.7% of Tribal population of India) #2 Maharashtra - 1.12 Crore (10.1% of Tribal population of India) #3 Odisha - 96 Lakh (9.2 % of Tribal population of India) Article 366 (25) of the Constitution of India refers to Scheduled Tribes as those communities who are scheduled in
accordance with Article 342 of the Constitution. This Article says that only those communities who have been declared as such by the President through an initial public
notification or through a subsequent amending Act of Parliament will be considered to be Scheduled Tribes. The list of Scheduled Tribes is State/UT specific and a community declared as a Scheduled Tribe in a State need not be
so in another State/UT.
State / UT wise Major Scheduled Tribe Communities : Census 2011
** Jataphu, Kulia are some other tribes found in Andhra Pradesh.
** Asur, Banjara, Karmali, Kharwar, Mal Paharia, Parhaiyas, Savar and Birhor are some other thrones found in Bihar.
** Abuj Maria and Majhwar are some other tribes of Chhattisgarh.
** Bakarwal tribe is very important for exams.
** Asur, Agharia, Baiga, Bathudi, Birhor, Mal Paharia and Kharwar are some other tribes of Jharkhand.
** Kanikkar tribe is also found in Kerala.
** Baiga, Birhor, Dhanwar and Kamar are some other tribes of Madhya Pradesh.
** Kanikkar tribe is also found in Tamil Nadu.
** Tharu tribe is found in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand.
** Nyishi is very important. Previously Nyishi were also called ‘Daphla’ because of the presence of Daphla Hills. ** Apatani and Idu are some other tribes found in Arunachal Pradesh.
** Khasi, Jaintia and Garo are Hills of Meghalaya.
Major Naga Tribes - Angami, Ao, Chakeshang, Zeliang, Yimchunger, Sangtam, Sumi, Konyak, Lotha.
** The Riang tribe is known as ‘Bru’.
** Jarawas, Onges, Sentinelese and Shom Pens are some other tribes of Andaman and Nicobar.
Q) Which Indian state has the maximum number of tribes? A. Madhya Pradesh B. Mizoram C. Uttar Pradesh D. Maharashtra
Maximum percentage tribal population - UT (Lakshadweep), State (Mizoram).
Q) Which is the most populous tribe in India? A. Bhil B. Gond C. Santhals D. Mina
As per Census 2011 Bhil is the most populous tribe with a total population of 4,618,068, constituting 37.7 percent of the total ST population. Gond is the second largest tribe, with a population of 4,357,918 constituting 35.6 percent.
Q) Which Indian state has Garo, Khasi and Jaintia tribes? A. Assam B. Meghalaya C. Madhya Pradesh D. Manipur
Q) Daphla tribe is found in which state? A. Arunachal Pradesh B. Madhya Pradesh C. Andhra Pradesh D. Telangana
Now, Daphla tribe is known as Nyishi tribe.
Q) Warli tribe is found in which state? A. Gujarat B. Madhya Pradesh C. Maharashtra D. Telangana
Q) Angami & Ao tribe is found in which state? A. Mizoram B. Manipur C. Nagaland D. Tripura
Q) Bhotia & Bhutia are found in which state? A. Sikkim & Uttarakhand B. Uttarakhand & Sikkim C. Uttarakhand & Mizoram D. Tripura & Uttarakhand
Q) Gaddi is a major tribe found in which state? A. Uttarakhand B. Himachal Pradesh C. Gujarat D. Maharashtra
Q) Which is the largest tribe in Odisha? A. Nayak B. Kondha C. Santhal D. Kolha
Q) In which of the following states of India, the six tribes Toda, Kota, Kurumba, Irula, Paniyan and Kattunaicken recognized by the Government of India as Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs)? A. Kerala B. Tamil Nadu C. Andhra Pradesh D. Telangana
Q) Kalbelia dance is performed by Kalbelia tribe in which state? A. Rajasthan B. Himachal Pradesh C. Gujarat D. Maharashtra
Bhil Picture Text - Bhil clad in his finest for the Toranmal festival. Boys and Girls gather in large
numbers during such festivals as they provide an opportunity for them to choose their partners.
Bhil lives mainly in Central India. They have a bow-and-arrow culture. They are also farmers, sculpture artists. Bhi women use Silver and Brass.
Munda Picture Text -A Munda woman from Ranchi in Jharkhand wears a red-and-white gamcha
(towel) wrapped around her head. The nose ring is typically worn only by older women. The Munda tribe mainly lives in the Chota Nagpur Plateau. (Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh,
Chhattisgarh, Odisha, West Bengal). They love dance and music very much. Mundas have a special dance called Nupur which is
also known as 'an anklet dance'. They wear Nupur in ankles and dance in chorus. They are also very good at hunting.
Baiga Picture Text - A Baiga woman of Mandla in Madhya Pradesh sports elaborate tattoos all over
her body. In Baiga culture, specific body parts are tattooed with specific designs depending on the age.
Baiga lives in many states but most of them live in Madhya Pradesh. Jhum Cultivation is done by the Baiga tribe. Baiga tribe also does work of honey collection. They are also experts in Traditional Medicine.
Santhal Picture Text - A Santhal woman in Jharkhand wears a sari in the traditional style. The tribe’s
culture is depicted in the paintings and artworks on the walls of the typical Santhal house. Santhal is one of the oldest tribes of India. They are found in many states (Jharkhand, Odisha, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal). They are also educated. They worship spirits.
Birhor Picture Text - A Birhor woman with her daughter in Hazaribagh district Jharkhand. Maximum Population is found in Jharkhand. They are Particularly Vulnerable. They are found in Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Buhar, West Bengal, etc. They live in a small house called ‘Tandas’. They use the Barter system.
Warli Picture Text - A warli man playing Tarpa (musical instrument) in Thane district. Wari are
nature worshipers and have a deep respect for wildlife. Mainly found in Maharashtra. They also live in Valsad district of Gujarat. Mahua is a tribal drink.
Abhuj Maria Picture Text - An Abhuj Maria woman in Bastar, Chhattisgarh. Members of this unique tribe
live a life of complete isolation from the outside world. Mainly lives in Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh. Jhum Cultivation is also done by the Abhuj Maria tribe.
Bison horn Maria Picture Text - A Bison horn Maria man playing a musical instrument in south Bastar
Dantewada district. They have the unique custom of wearing a distinctive Headdress during marriage dances or in other ceremonies.
Mainly found in Chhattisgarh. Other states are Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh.
Gond Picture Text - A Gond woman picking the Mahua flowers in a forest in Bastar district. The
Gonds are one of the most famous and important tribes in India. They mainly eat Kodo-Kutki millets, Rice.
Kamar Picture Text - A kamar woman carrying a basket in Griyaband district Chhattisgarh. States - Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh. They are experts of Bamboo handicraft.
by Dr. Gaurav Garg

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S. No. Name of the State / UT Name of PVTGs
1 Andhra Pradesh (including Telangana)
1. Bodo Gadaba 2. Bondo Poroja 3. Chenchu 4. Dongaria Khond 5. Dongria Khond 6. Gutob Gadaba 7. Kolam 8. Kondareddis 9. Konda Savaras 10. Kutia Khond 11. Parengi Poroja 12. Thoti
2 Bihar (including Jharkhand)
13. Asurs ** 14. Birhor ** 15. Birjia 16. Hill Kharia ** 17. Korwas 18. Mal Paharia ** 19. Parhaiyas 20. Sauria Paharia 21. Savar
3 Gujarat 22. Kathodi ** 23.Kotwalia ** 24. Padhar 25. Siddi 26. Kolgha
4 Karnataka 27. Jenu Kuruba ** 28. Koraga **
5 Kerala 29. Cholanaikayan 30. Kadar 31. Kattunayakan 32. Kurumbas 33. Koraga

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6 Madhya Pradesh (including Chhattisgarh)
34. Abujh Marias ** 35. Baigas ** 36. Bharias 37. Hill Korwas 38. Kamars ** 39. Saharias ** 40. Birhor
7 Maharashtra 41. Katkaria (Kathodia) ** 42. Kolam ** 43. Maria Gond
8 Manipur 44. Morram Nagas
9 Odisha 45. Birhor 46. Bondo 47. Didayi 48. Dongria-Khond 49. Juangs 50. Kharias 51. Kutia Kondh 52. Lanjia Sauras 53. Lodhas 54. Mankidias ** 55. Paudi Bhuyans 56. Soura 57. Chuktia Bhunjia
10 Rajasthan 58. Seharias **
11 Tamil Nadu 59. Kattu Nayakans ** 60. Kotas ** 61. Kurumbas ** 62. Irulas ** 63. Paniyans ** 64. Todas **
12 Tripura 65. Reangs ** (Bru)
13 Uttar Pradesh (including Uttarakhand)
66. Buxas ** 67. Rajis **
14 West Bengal 68. Birhor 69. Lodhas ** 70. Totos **
15 Andaman & Nicobar 71. Great Andamanese 72. Jarawas ** 73. Onges ** 74. Sentinelese ** 75. Shom Pens **
#1 - 1.5 ( 14.7%) #2 - 1.12 ( 10.1%) #3 - 96 ( 9.2%) 366 (25)
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important tribes of india crux

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