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Importance of Alternative Fuels

Prepared By

Mukesh KumarAssistant Professor

Mechanical Engineering DepartmentIEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida

Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida

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Two hundred years ago, the world experienced an energy revolution that launched the Industrial Age. After two hundreds years, the industrialized world's thirst for energy had increased tremendously, that causes a serious energy crisis.

Introduction

Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida

Sources of energy

Non-renewableOilNatural gasCoal

RenewableSolar energyHydro powerBiofuelBiomassTidal energyWind energyGeothermalNuclear energy

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Energy Scenario

Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida

WORLD'S TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY

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% Oil Consumption in Different Geographical Region

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Crude Oil Reserves of India

Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida

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World Current Situation

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Accelerated consumption of fossil fuels

Energy issues

global warming issues

Air quality issues

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Renewable energy production in India

Wind energy-11.46%

Solar power-83.54%

Small hydro power -2.20%

Biomass power-1.96%

Major contributor states

Rajasthan-17%

Jammu & Kashmir-13%

Gujrat-8%

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Energy Security and Environmental benefits

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Fast Depletion of Fossil Fuel Reserves

Substitute to Diesel Fuel

Minimum /Without Engine Modifications

Renewable

Less Pollute/Eco-friendly

Decentralizing of production of fuel

Reduce the transportation cost

Self reliance in fuel to farmers

Need of Alternative Fuels

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Resource of straight vegetable oils

Non-edible oils Edible oils

Karanja oilMahua oil

Neem oil

Cottonseed oil

Mustard oil

Sunflower oil

Coconut oil

Peanut oil

Soyabean oil

Jatropha oil

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Palm Coconut Jatropha curcas Rapeseed/

Mustard seed Sunflower Corn Soybean Peanuts Algae Used restaurant oil Animal fats

Bio-diesel feed stock

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Biodiesel

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Biodiesel is an eco-friendly, alternative fuel prepared from domestic renewable resources i.e. vegetable oils (edible or non- edible oil) and animal fats.

Biodiesel is produced from oils or fats using trans-esterification after mixing the oil with methanol and sodium hydroxide.

These oils and fats are made up mainly of triglycerides. when reacted chemically with lower alcohols in presence of a catalyst result in fatty acid esters.

Biodiesel can be blended in any ratio with petroleum diesel fuel. Its higher Cetane number improves the combustion even when blended in the petroleum diesel

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Biodiesel CO2 CycleNo CO2 Released ; No global warming

Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida

Use in Cars and TrucksOil Crops

Renewable CO2

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Inputs: ◦ Vegetable Oil / Fat (“Feedstock”)◦ Methanol/Ethanol◦ Catalyst - “Sodium Hydroxide or Potassium Hydroxide”◦ Water

Outputs:◦ Biodiesel◦ Dirty Water◦ Glycerine (by-product)

Biodiesel Production

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Sustainability Pollution threat Reduction of green house gas emissions Regional (rural) development Improved social structure & agriculture Rural electrification Job creation

Advantages of biodiesel

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Higher production cost.Biodiesel is more likely than petroleum

diesel to attract moisture.Poor low temperature properties.Requires rapid change of filters. Methanol is used in the biodiesel production

which is made from natural gas, a fossil fuel.

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Disadvantages of biodiesel

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