implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the east sea
DESCRIPTION
EAST SEA STUDY. Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea. Il Nam Kim. Department of Marine Science University of Texas at Austin. INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND MATERIAL & METHOD RESULTS CONCLUSION. INTRODUCTION. ■ The East Sea. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051218/568157f0550346895dc569e5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
- 1 - PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY
Implication of biogeochemical change Implication of biogeochemical change
driven by driven by global warmingglobal warming
in the in the East SeaEast Sea
Implication of biogeochemical change Implication of biogeochemical change
driven by driven by global warmingglobal warming
in the in the East SeaEast Sea
Il Nam KimIl Nam KimIl Nam KimIl Nam Kim
Department of Marine ScienceDepartment of Marine ScienceUniversity of Texas at AustinUniversity of Texas at Austin
Department of Marine ScienceDepartment of Marine ScienceUniversity of Texas at AustinUniversity of Texas at Austin
EAST SEA STUDYEAST SEA STUDY
![Page 2: Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051218/568157f0550346895dc569e5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
- 2 - PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY
INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND
MATERIAL & METHODMATERIAL & METHOD
RESULTSRESULTS
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
![Page 3: Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051218/568157f0550346895dc569e5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
- 3 - PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY
• INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
![Page 4: Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051218/568157f0550346895dc569e5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
- 4 - PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY
■■ The East SeaThe East Sea
▲▲ a semi-closed marginal seaa semi-closed marginal sea
17 June – 21 July 22 July – 11 August
depth (m)
▲▲ frequently referred to as frequently referred to as ‘ ‘ miniature ocean miniature ocean ’’
▲▲ The maximum depth – 4,049mThe maximum depth – 4,049m average depth – 1,600maverage depth – 1,600m
▲▲ Study areaStudy area
![Page 5: Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051218/568157f0550346895dc569e5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
- 5 - PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY
■■ Dissolved Oxygen distribution at 1000mDissolved Oxygen distribution at 1000m
[Talley et al. 2006]
![Page 6: Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051218/568157f0550346895dc569e5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
- 6 - PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY
■■ Warming evidencesWarming evidences
▲▲ Temperature changesTemperature changes
[Min and Kim, 2006][Min and Kim, 2006]
VladivostokVladivostok
Sea Surface Temp.Sea Surface Temp.
[Kim et al., 2004][Kim et al., 2004]
![Page 7: Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051218/568157f0550346895dc569e5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
- 7 - PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY
▲▲ Oxygen changesOxygen changes
[Kang et al., 2004][Kang et al., 2004][Kim et al., 2001][Kim et al., 2001]
box modelingbox modeling
![Page 8: Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051218/568157f0550346895dc569e5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
- 8 - PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY
• BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND
![Page 9: Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051218/568157f0550346895dc569e5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
- 9 - PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY
■■ DenitrificationDenitrification
▲▲ In the presence of oxygenIn the presence of oxygen
▲▲ In the absence of oxygenIn the absence of oxygen
☞ ☞ nitrification (NHnitrification (NH44+ + → NO→ NO22
- - → NO→ NO33--))
☞ ☞ denitrification (NOdenitrification (NO33- - → NO→ NO22
- - → N→ N22O/NO/N22))
[Sarmiento and Gruber, 2006][Sarmiento and Gruber, 2006]
![Page 10: Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051218/568157f0550346895dc569e5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
- 10 - PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY
▲▲ The major areasThe major areas
FIG. 4
In the eastern tropical North Pacific
In Saanich Inlet
[Devol, 1978][Devol, 1978]
The Arabian SeaThe Arabian Sea
[Hupe and Karstensen, 2000][Hupe and Karstensen, 2000]
![Page 11: Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051218/568157f0550346895dc569e5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
- 11 - PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY
• MATERIALMATERIAL
![Page 12: Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051218/568157f0550346895dc569e5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
- 12 - PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY
■■ Study MapStudy Map
▲▲ Cruise: CREAMS II expedition (1999)Cruise: CREAMS II expedition (1999)
▲▲ Parameters used : T, S, DO, nutrients, TAlk, DICParameters used : T, S, DO, nutrients, TAlk, DIC lat, long, depth (lat, long, depth (≥300m≥300m))
• ≥ 200 m
• ≥ 300 m
![Page 13: Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051218/568157f0550346895dc569e5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
- 13 - PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY
• METHODMETHOD
![Page 14: Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051218/568157f0550346895dc569e5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
- 14 - PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY
■■ Linear Inverse Mixing Model Linear Inverse Mixing Model
▲▲ Model equationsModel equations
• T : TemperatureT : Temperature• S : Salinity S : Salinity • DO : Dissolved OxygenDO : Dissolved Oxygen• P : PhosphateP : Phosphate
• N : Nitrate N : Nitrate • Si : SilicateSi : Silicate• TALK : Total Alkalinity TALK : Total Alkalinity • DIC : Dissolved Inorganic CarbonDIC : Dissolved Inorganic Carbon
[Hupe and Karstensen 2000][Hupe and Karstensen 2000]
![Page 15: Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051218/568157f0550346895dc569e5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
- 15 - PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY
▲▲ Matrix formMatrix form
※ rD (Gruber and Sarmiento 1997)
AA xx dd RR•• -- ==
• AA : source water types : source water types• xx : mixing ratio : mixing ratio • dd : observed data : observed data• RR : residual : residual
knownknown knownknownunknownunknown unknownunknownKim and Lee (2004)Kim and Lee (2004)TMWTMW ( (TTsushima sushima MMiddle iddle WWater)ater)LCWLCW ( (LLiman iman CCold old WWater)ater)ESIWESIW ( (EEast ast SSea ea IIntermediate ntermediate WWater)ater)ESPWESPW ( (EEast ast SSea ea PProper roper WWater)ater)
![Page 16: Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051218/568157f0550346895dc569e5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
- 16 - PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY
▲▲ Redfield ratiosRedfield ratios
▲▲ Solution Solution
※ MATLAB is available to calculate non-negative solutions ☞ function of NNLS
▲▲ Weights Weights
![Page 17: Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051218/568157f0550346895dc569e5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
- 17 - PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY
• RESULTS IRESULTS I- some evidences- some evidences
![Page 18: Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051218/568157f0550346895dc569e5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
- 18 - PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY
■■ N:P ratioN:P ratio
![Page 19: Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051218/568157f0550346895dc569e5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
- 19 - PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY
■■ Vertical profiles of NOVertical profiles of NO33--, NO, NO22
--, O, O22, and N/P ratio, and N/P ratio
![Page 20: Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051218/568157f0550346895dc569e5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
- 20 - PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY
• RESULTS IIRESULTS II- linear inverse modeling- linear inverse modeling
![Page 21: Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051218/568157f0550346895dc569e5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
- 21 - PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY
■■ Expected denitrification locations Expected denitrification locations ▲▲ CASE 1 CASE 1 ▲▲ CASE 2 CASE 2
▲▲ CASE 3 CASE 3 ▲▲ CASE 4 CASE 4
![Page 22: Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051218/568157f0550346895dc569e5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
- 22 - PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY
■■ Vertical profiles of Vertical profiles of ∆∆NNdenideni ▲▲ CASE 1 CASE 1 ▲▲ CASE 2 CASE 2
▲▲ CASE 3 CASE 3 ▲▲ CASE 4 CASE 4
![Page 23: Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051218/568157f0550346895dc569e5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
- 23 - PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY
■■ How to derive the unit of time ? How to derive the unit of time ?
▲▲ Estimation of pseudo-age using oxygenEstimation of pseudo-age using oxygen
▲▲ ExampleExample
![Page 24: Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051218/568157f0550346895dc569e5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
- 24 - PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY
■■ Horizontal distributions of Horizontal distributions of ∆∆NNdenideni - CFCs - CFCs▲▲ CASE 1 CASE 1 ▲▲ CASE 2 CASE 2
▲▲ CASE 3 CASE 3 ▲▲ CASE 4 CASE 4
(µmol/m(µmol/m22dayday))
![Page 25: Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051218/568157f0550346895dc569e5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
- 25 - PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY
■■ Horizontal distributions of Horizontal distributions of ∆∆NNdenideni - MBBM - MBBM▲▲ CASE 1 CASE 1 ▲▲ CASE 2 CASE 2
▲▲ CASE 3 CASE 3 ▲▲ CASE 4 CASE 4
(µmol/m(µmol/m22dayday))
![Page 26: Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051218/568157f0550346895dc569e5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
- 26 - PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY
SUMMARYSUMMARYSUMMARYSUMMARY
Area = Area = 7.0926e+3 km7.0926e+3 km22
![Page 27: Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051218/568157f0550346895dc569e5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
- 27 - PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY
• RESULTS IIIRESULTS III- feedback loop- feedback loop
![Page 28: Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051218/568157f0550346895dc569e5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
- 28 - PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY
■■ The feedback loop based on biogeochemical changesThe feedback loop based on biogeochemical changes
Global Warming ↑Global Warming ↑ Water formation Water formation ↓↓
low Oxygen Environment ↑low Oxygen Environment ↑Denitrification Denitrification ↑↑ NN2O ↑O ↑
POSITIVEPOSITIVE
Gamo (1999)
Postlethwaite et al. (2005)
Kang et al. (2003b)
Kang et al. (2004)
Kim et al. (2004)
Chen et al. (1999)
Gamo (1999)
Kim et al. (2001)
Kim and Kim (1996)
Min and Kim (2006)
Chae et al. (2005)
?
Gamo et al. (2001)
SST ↑SST ↑
![Page 29: Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051218/568157f0550346895dc569e5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
- 29 - PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY
• CONCLUSION CONCLUSION
![Page 30: Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051218/568157f0550346895dc569e5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
- 30 - PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY
☞ The denitrification in the East Sea is estimated The denitrification in the East Sea is estimated
approximately to be approximately to be 9 to 16 9 to 16 µmol·µmol·mm-2-2··dd-1-1 through the through the
linear mixing inverse model.linear mixing inverse model.
☞ New finding ? New finding ? vsvs Warming event ? Warming event ?
☞ Therefore, we need to have Therefore, we need to have deep concerndeep concern about the about the
phenomenon that is occurring though the oxygen phenomenon that is occurring though the oxygen
content high. It might be content high. It might be a signala signal of of global warmingglobal warming..
![Page 31: Implication of biogeochemical change driven by global warming in the East Sea](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022051218/568157f0550346895dc569e5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
- 31 - PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY
Thank you for your time !Thank you for your time !