implementation & monitoring presentation

34
Implementa*on & Monitoring Biruk Terrefe Lukas Kupfernagel

Upload: biruk-terrefe

Post on 28-Nov-2014

159 views

Category:

Government & Nonprofit


1 download

DESCRIPTION

Non-legislative Policy Making

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Implementation & monitoring presentation

         Implementa*on    &    

Monitoring    

Biruk  Terrefe    Lukas  Kupfernagel  

 

Page 2: Implementation & monitoring presentation

Outline    (1) Conceptualiza;on    (2)   Types  of  Non-­‐legisla*ve  Implementa;on  (3)   OECD  Indicators  (4) Discussion    

Page 3: Implementation & monitoring presentation

1.  Conceptualiza*on  

“New  Modes  of  Governance:  Policy  Making  without  Legisla*on?”  –  Heri;er  (2002)  

⏏  

Page 4: Implementation & monitoring presentation

Aims  of  New  Modes  of  Governance    

 (a)  Include  private  actors  in  policy  formula;on      (b)  While  being  based  on  public  actors    (c)  Are  only  marginally  based  on  legisla;on    

   

*Open  Method  of  Coordina*on*  

Is  non-­‐legisla5ve  governance  more  effec5ve?    

Page 5: Implementation & monitoring presentation

Stakeholders  of  New  Modes  of  Governance    

 1.   Commission  (e.g.  EU)        =  possibility  to  expand  European  policies  in  light    of  na;onal  resistance    

 2.  Member-­‐state  governments  (e.g.  Italy)          =  allows  more  autonomy  in  shaping  policy  

 Creates  Problem  of  interdependence    

         (mul5-­‐layered  policy  making)  

Page 6: Implementation & monitoring presentation

Guiding  Principles  of  New  Modes  of  Governance    

 

(a)  Voluntarism  –  non-­‐binding  targets  (b)  Inclusion  –  actors  involved  par;cipate  (c)  Subsidiarity  –  measures  decided  by  member  states    

Page 7: Implementation & monitoring presentation

Mechanisms  of  New  Modes  of  Governance  

(1)  Diffusion  and  learning  (2)  Persuasion  (3)  Standardiza;on  of  knowledge    (4)  Repe;;on    (5)  Time  management      

Page 8: Implementation & monitoring presentation

Importance  of  Implementa5on  and  Monitoring  for  Democra*c  

Governance  

“Open  Coordina;on  would  lend  itself  to  avenues  that  press  for  accountability  from  below  and  help  improve  ‘good  governance’  in  Europe.”  -­‐  De  La  Porte  et  al.    

Page 9: Implementation & monitoring presentation

2.  Types  

Substan*ve  Targets     Procedural  Norms    

Reputa5on  Mechanisms,    Publica5on  and    mutual  learning    

Voluntary  Accords  

Page 10: Implementation & monitoring presentation

1.  Substan;ve  Targets  –  Type  1  Reputa5on  Mechanisms,  Publica5on  and  mutual  learning    

Informa*on  pooling  leads  to  mutual  coopera*on  &  

learning  

Avoid  lengthy  legisla*on  process  

Problem  Solving  under  regional  and  

local  diversity  

“Brain-­‐storming”  leads  to  experience  

pooling  

Page 11: Implementation & monitoring presentation

Monitoring  Benchmarking  is  

essen*al  

Third  Party  Support  

S*ll  inefficient  =  sanc*ons  

“Naming  and  Shaming”  Mechanism  

Page 12: Implementation & monitoring presentation

Case  Study  #1:  Ireland  

(a)  Broad  Economic  Policies  as  non-­‐binding        framework  

(b)  Ireland  did  not  obey  in  2001  (c)  Open  Shaming  (d)  Ireland  rejected  the  recommenda;ons  

Page 13: Implementation & monitoring presentation

1.  Substan;ve  Targets  –  Type  2  Voluntary  Accords  

Several  Perspec*ves  on  AZrac*veness  of  Voluntary  Accords  

Set  up  by  private  and  public  actors  

Collec*ve  ac*on  leads  to  collec*ve  

sanc*oning,  if  policy  fails  

Page 14: Implementation & monitoring presentation

Problems  with  Voluntary  Accords  

(1) O^en  ini;ated  by  legisla;ve  bodies    (2) Lack  of  ins;tu;onal  framework  (3) May  cost  more  ;me  (4) Selec;ve  Par;cipa;on  

Page 15: Implementation & monitoring presentation

Case  Study  #2:  Union  Environment  Ac*on  Program  

Page 16: Implementation & monitoring presentation

2.  Procedural  Norms  –  Type  1  

Third  Party  Authority  (Back  up)  

Recommended  vs.  Obligatory  

Codes    

How  to  deal  with  

problems?    

Increasing  compe**on  (beneficial)  

Page 17: Implementation & monitoring presentation

Problems  with  Procedural  Norms  

(1)  Costs  may  be  high  (crea;ng  new  ins;tu;ons)  (2)  Interest  Groups  are  not  representa;ve  (3)  Hierarchy  has  to  exist  (as  third  party  back  up)  

Page 18: Implementation & monitoring presentation

Case  Study  #3:  Treatment  of  employees  in  EU  

(a) Incen;ve  to  create  a  uniform  code  for  companies  on  how  to  treat  their  employees  

(b)  Commission  invited  companies  to  ac*vely    par*cipate  in  crea;ng  code  themselves  

(c)  Lack  of  results  lead  to  take  over  of    legisla*ve  bodies  

Page 19: Implementation & monitoring presentation

3.  Indicators  ⏏  “Government  at  a  Glance  2011”  -­‐  OECD  (2011)    

Page 20: Implementation & monitoring presentation

OECD  Methodology    

Page 21: Implementation & monitoring presentation

Needed  for  Effec5ve  Implementa5on    

(a)  Poli*cal-­‐ins*tu*onal  capacity-­‐  ability  to    generate  both  par;cipa;on  and  poli;cal    support    

 (b)  Instrumental  capacity  –  have  strong    incen;ves  to  apply  the  proposed  instruments    

 

Page 22: Implementation & monitoring presentation

Indicator  #1  

Reliability:  1.  Binary  Indicator    2.  Authority  of  government-­‐wide  oversight    

i.   Only  50%  were  allowed  to  monitor  impact  assessment  (2008)  

ii.   Broad  based  reform  agenda  vs.  administra;ve  simplifica;on  ini;a;ves    

3.  Crea;on  of  ministries  i.   28  members  assigned  ministers  to  regulatory  body    ii.   15  members  report  on  progress  to  parliament    

Existence  of  a  regulatory  oversight  body      

Page 23: Implementation & monitoring presentation

Results  

Page 24: Implementation & monitoring presentation

Indicator  #2  

Reliability:  1.   Binary  Indicator      2.  Compliance  and  Enforcement  of  Regula;on    

i.   21  OECD  countries  consider  compliance  and  monitoring        in  development  of  regula;on    

ii.   14  countries  have  policy  guidance  for  regulators    

3.   Risk  based  enforcement    

Existence  of  Framework  for  Compliance  Assessment      

Page 25: Implementation & monitoring presentation

Results  

Page 26: Implementation & monitoring presentation

Indicator  #3  

Reliability:  1.   Sustains  confidence  à  high  poli;cal-­‐ins;tu;onal  

capacity  i.   increased  civic  par;cipa;on  

2.   Publica;on  mechanisms    i.   Publishing  of  plans  for  renewed  or  reformed  regula;on    ii.  Publishing  views  of  par;cipants  in  consulta;on  process    

i.   20  OECD  countries  include  view  of  stakeholders  on  dra^  resolu;on    

Availability  of  Regulatory  Informa;on  to  General  Public        

Page 27: Implementation & monitoring presentation

Results  

Page 28: Implementation & monitoring presentation

Indicator  #4  

Reliability:  1.  Binary  Indicator    2.  Regula;ng  Impact  Analysis  (RIA)  

i.   Examines  costs,  benefits  and  effects  of  exis;ng  regula;on  i.   ex  ante  and  ex  post    

ii.   24  OECD  countries  reported  quan;fying  costs  (2008)  iii.   16  OECD  countries  reported  quan;fying  benefits  (2008)  

3.   Automa;c  Review  Mechanism    i.  6  OECD  countries  had  such  a  framework  in  2008  ii.  12  countries  reported  sun  seing    

 

Existence  of  Evalua;on  Mechanisms      

Page 29: Implementation & monitoring presentation

Results  

Page 30: Implementation & monitoring presentation

   These  are  indicators  for  legisla*ve  policy  making      How  do  we  measure  the  implementa;on  and  monitoring  of  non-­‐legisla*ve  policy-­‐making?    

Page 31: Implementation & monitoring presentation

Problems  of  Non-­‐legisla*ve  Policy-­‐Making  

Indicators  for  effec;ve  implementa;on  and  monitoring  depend  on  each  policy  

 

General  Indicators:    (1)  Seing  of  ;me  frames  (2)  Existence  of  Monitoring  Ins;tu;on    (3)  Existence  of  Advisory  body  (which  consults  stakeholder’s  views)  

Page 32: Implementation & monitoring presentation

Example  of  Indicators  for  a  non-­‐legisla*ve  policy  

Target:  

Suggested  Indicators:    

‘Banning  of  all  ships  from  EU  Ports,  that  have  been  held  for  EU  checks  twice  in  2  years.    A  black  list  will  be  created  and  updated  every  6  months.’      

       -­‐  EU  Commission  under  “Safety  at  sea/mari*me  pollu*on”  framework  

-­‐  Rate  of  black  list  updates  measured  per  month  -­‐  Existence  of  ins;tu;on  that  monitors  this    

-­‐  (European  Mari;me  Safety  Agency)  -­‐  Number  of  safety  checks  conducted  -­‐   Loss  of  profits  for  ship  companies    

Page 33: Implementation & monitoring presentation

Discussion  1.  Is  non-­‐legisla*ve  policy-­‐making  a  feasible  

way  to  implement  and  monitor  policies?      2.  Should  governments  set  ;me  frames  for    certain  policies  (i.e.  sunseing)?    

     

Page 34: Implementation & monitoring presentation

Works  Cited  

OECD  (2011),  Government  at  a  Glance  2011,  OECD  

 Publishing.doi:  10.1787/gov_glance-­‐2011-­‐en  

Heri;er,  A.  (2002).  New  Modes  of  Governance  in  Europe:    

   Policy-­‐Making  without  Legisla5ng?  Max  Planck  Project  

 Group.  Bonn:  Common  Goods:  Law,  Poli;cs,  Economics.