Imperialism – WWI –Russian Revolution

What is Imperialism?The domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region.

What does this mean? ◦ European countries conquering

territories to acquire resources, power, and wealth.

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Who was involved?

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• Belgium• France• German Empire• Great Britain• Italy• Netherlands• Portugal• Spain• United States

Where: Africa and Asia

When: 1850-1914

Why did European countries want colonies?Economic interests

◦ Natural resources

◦ Land

◦ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exrIOMpDwzw&t=29m0s

Political and Military motives◦ Transportation and trade

◦ Nationalism (prestige)

Humanitarianism, Religion

Social Darwinism◦ Belief in racial superiority

Mass Media and Social Mediahttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uppg_2nGo54

How did imperialism contribute to the onset of WWI?Competition for colonies led to intense rivalries among the European powers◦ Ex. Germany and Italy wanted to

create empires that would compete with those of Great Britain and France

Other factors causing tension in Europe:◦ Alliances◦ Nationalism◦ Militarism

MAIN causes of World War I

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mperialism

ationalism

What: Nationalism and Militarism Nationalism◦ The 19th century belief that national interests

should take precedent over international cooperation and global affairs. It also bound people together through pride and devotion in common ancestry, country, ethnic group, religion, or language group.

Militarism ◦ The buildup of armies/militaries to use as a

tool of diplomacy.

What: AlliancesWith the advent of militarism in Europe, countries became threatened and signed into mutual defense treaties

By 1914, two major alliances

Triple Entente (Allies) ◦ Great Britain, France, Russia (Russia also had an

alliance with Serbia)

Triple Alliance (Central Powers)◦ Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy (Ottoman)

Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

What was the “spark”, or immediate cause, that ignited World War I?Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary is shot and killed by Serbian terrorists (Black Hand)

How did it turn into a World War?

How did it turn into a World War?The Domino Effect Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia

Serbia had an alliance with Russia, who had an alliance with Great Britain and France

Austria-Hungary had an alliance with Germany and Italy

One by one they all fell into war

Let’s review the sequence of events:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-3UjJ5kxiLI

How did this war compare to previous wars?

• Longer and deadlier due to industrialized warfare:• Machine guns• Airplanes• Tanks• U-Boat (submarine)• Poisonous gas• Trench warfare

Trench WarfareOn the Western Front

Trenches were long ditches surrounded by barbed wire to protect the troops.

Technique:◦ Bombard enemy with artillery fire

◦ Send soldiers into “no-man’s land” to try to take enemy lines through brutal hand-to-hand combat with bayonets, knives, and swords.

If World War I were a bar fight…“Germany, Austria and Italy are standing together in the middle of a pub when Serbia bumps into Austria and spills Austria's pint. Austria demands Serbia buy it a complete new suit because there are splashes on its trouser leg. Germany expresses its support for Austria's point of view. Britain recommends that everyone calm down a bit.

Serbia points out that it can't afford a whole suit, but offers to pay for the cleaning of Austria's trousers. Russia and Serbia look at Austria. Austria asks Serbia who it's looking at. Russia suggests that Austria should leave its little brother alone. Austria inquires as to whose army will assist Russia in compelling it to do so. Germany appeals to Britain that France has been looking at it, and that this is sufficiently out of order that Britain should not intervene. Britain replies that France can look at who it wants to, that Britain is looking at Germany too, and what is Germany going to do about it?

Germany tells Russia to stop looking at Austria, or Germany will render Russia incapable of such action. Britain and France ask Germany whether it's looking at Belgium. Turkey and Germany go off into a corner and whisper.

When they come back, Turkey makes a show of not looking at anyone. Germany rolls up its sleeves, looks at France, and punchesBelgium. France and Britain punch Germany. Austria punches Russia. Germany punches Britain and France with one hand and Russia with the other. Russia throws a punch at Germany, but misses and nearly falls over. Japan calls over from the other side of the room that it's on Britain's side, but stays there. Italy surprises everyone by punching Austria.

Austria Australia punches Turkey, and gets punched back. There are no hard feelings because Britain made Austria Australia do it. France gets thrown through a plate glass window, but gets back up and carries on fighting. Russia gets thrown through another one, gets knocked out, suffers brain damage, and wakes up with a complete personality change. Italy throws a punch at Austria and misses, but Austria falls over anyway.

Italy raises both fists in the air and runs round the room chanting. America waits till Germany is about to fall over from sustained punching from Britain and France, then walks over and smashes it with a barstool, then pretends it won the fight all by itself. By now all the chairs are broken and the big mirror over the bar is shattered. Britain, France and America agree that Germany threwthe first punch, so the whole thing is Germany's fault. While Germany is still unconscious, they go through its pockets, steal its wallet, and buy drinks for all their friends.”

WisdomResults: Economic and Political Crises

The catastrophe of World War I shattered the sense of optimism that had grown in the West since the Enlightenment.

Despair gripped survivors on both sides as they added up the staggering costs of the war. It seemed as though a whole generation of young men had been lost on the battlefields.

In reaction, the society and culture of Europe, the United States, and many other parts of the world experienced rapid changes.

People saw their world spinning out of control. ◦ Economic crisis,(inflation, devaluation of currency)

◦ Failures of democratic governments resulted in the rise of Totalitarian systems of Government.

The Russian RevolutionWhat were conditions like in Russia during WWI?◦ Losses on the front

◦ 2 million dead in 1915 alone

◦ Food and fuel shortages; poverty

◦ Lack of confidence in government

◦ Revolutionaries hatching radical plots

WhoTsar Nicholas II◦ Family has ruled Russia for centuries

◦ Weak leader – made some attempt at industrialization

◦ Tried to use WWI to boost Russian morale and nationalism

Vladimir Lenin◦ Revolutionary – Leader of the Bolsheviks

◦ Exiled to Germany

◦ Returns with the help of Germany

◦ Drives the revolution forward

WhenFebruary Revolution, 1917◦ City-wide strike in St. Petersburg

◦ Army turns on commanders and joins the crowds

◦ Tsar Nicholas II steps down

October (Bolschevik) Revolution, 1917◦ Soviet councils (revolutionaries) arm

themselves

◦ Storm the Winter Palace take over government

How did Russia exit WWI?The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, March 1918◦ Germany gives Russia harsh conditions of surrender

◦ Russia give up:◦ 1/3 of population

◦ ¾ of its iron resources

◦ 9/10 of its coal supply

◦ Land – Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania

◦ Results in civil war in Russia

Russia’s Civil War (1918-1920)Lenin’s troops (Reds) vs. the White Army (pro-tsar)◦ 15 million Russians die in fight and flu epidemic

From 1918-1921

Reds

Whites

Creation of USSR

Nationalization of all land and banks

New Economic Plan

Lenin dies of a stroke

http://time.com/16708/watch-timeline-of-the-crisis-in-crimea/