Imperialism in China and Japan

China Before Imperialism

• Dynasties – hereditary rulers– Qing Dynasty (1644-1912)– superior culture

• Economic Isolationism– Didn’t want to trade with Europe– European goods considered

inferior– China had many natural resources

• Qing Dynasty begins to weaken in 1800s due to corruption and internal rebellion

Colonizers and Motives

• Colonizer(s)– Britain– Later – France,

Germany, Japan & Russia , along with Britain set up spheres of influence

• Motives: Trade, missionary

Major Events in China

• Opium Wars – (1839-1842) and (1856 -1860) – British win– British want:

1. To trade with Opium instead of gold because its cheaper

2. To get merchants addicted to the drug, so they won’t make good trading decisions

3. Weaken China to make it more susceptible to Imperialism

– Chinese want: 1. To end destruction to Chinese

society caused by Opium which is weakening the country

2. Stop European imperialism

– Chinese lose

 

Unequal Treaties

• Treaty of Nanking – 1st unequal treaty between China and Europeans– Hong Kong – Chinese give

up to Britain. Signed a 99 year lease (1898-1997)

– Extraterritoriality – Right to live in China under British laws and courts

– Western nations gain increasing influence in China

 

Spheres of Influence

• Spheres of Influence - Areas of exclusive trading rights– Example – Germany

has an exclusive trading area on the coast of China

– Which major country does not have a sphere of influence?

Open Door Policy

• Open Door Policy – Equal trading rights– U.S. – wanted open

door policy because US was late to imperialize and did not get a sphere of influence

• Analyze this political cartoon

Weakening of Qing Dynasty• Sino-Japanese War –

(1894-1895) War between China and Japan– Symbolized Chinese

weakness from Qing Dynasty and Opium wars and Japanese strength from modernization

– Chinese lost Taiwan and it’s influence in Korea

 

Weakening of Qing Dynasty

• Boxer Rebellion – Boxers (Chinese peasants )rebelled against foreign influence

• Guang Xu – Wanted to strengthen China by importing western technology and ideas

• Ci Xi – (Guang Xu’s mother) – rejected western ideas and influence. Quing Dynasty ends shortly after her death.

Chinese Nationalism

• Nationalism – freedom from foreign rule

• Nationalist Revolution (1911-1912) Ends dynastic rule in China

• Sun Yat-sen – doctor who led revolution against dynastic rule– Goal: Wanted a strong

China free from foreign rule

Analyzing a political cartoon1. List the objects or people you

see in the cartoon– Who or what is each person

symbolizing– What emotions are being

portrayed– Describe the actions taking

place2. Look for any words, captions, or

dates– Which words or phrases are

most significant? Why?– List any adjectives that

describe the emotions portrayed in the cartoon

3. What is the message of the cartoon? Use evidence from #1 and 2 above to support your answer to question 3.

Why did China want to isolate themselves from European trade before Imperialism?

Chinese pro

duc...

China was

weak...

The Chinese ha...

Euro

peans woul...

25% 25%25%25%1. Chinese products were inferior to Western products

2. China was weak and didn’t want European influence

3. The Chinese had an abundance of superior goods

4. Europeans wouldn’t benefit from trade with China

Which of the following is an example of a sphere of influence?

Russia perm

its...

Italy re

lies o

...

Belgium ru

ns t...

Britain opened...

25% 25%25%25%1. Russia permits foreign businesses into their homeland to increase employment rates.

2. Italy relies on only oil to create revenue for its businesses and government.

3. Belgium runs the area of the Congo like a plantation.

4. Britain opened an exclusive trading port on the coast of China.

What did Sun Yet Sen want for China?

He w

anted to s.

..

He w

anted to a...

He w

anted Chin...

He w

anted to e...

25% 25%25%25%1. He wanted to strengthen China from Imperialism

2. He wanted to add more spheres of influence

3. He wanted China’s influence in the world to decline

4. He wanted to end the Boxer Rebellion

How was the Boxer Rebellion similar to the Sepoy Rebellion?

Both re

store

d ...

Both su

pported...

Both w

ere ca

us...

Both re

sulte

d ...

25% 25%25%25%1. Both restored power to previous rulers

2. Both supported imperialist motives to spread western culture

3. Both were caused by frustration over foreign influence

4. Both resulted in reestablishing the power of religious leaders

Which of the following is a result of the Opium Wars and the Treaty of Nanking in

China?

China gained e...

Weste

rn nation...

Weste

rn nation...

China requeste

...

25% 25%25%25%1. China gained equal access to European commercial trade.

2. Western nations gained increasing influence in China

3. Western nations granted China independence.

4. China requested economic assistance from the West

Imperialism in Japan

Japan Before Imperialism

• Emperor – “God-like” religious and political leader with little power

• Shogun – military leader, true leader of Japan

• Tokugawa Shogunate – combination of central government and feudalism

• Economic Isolationism– uninterested in European

products, cut off almost all trade with Europe

Motives and Events• European Motives:

– Trade

• Major Events:– Matthew Perry

• U.S. Commodore sent by Pres. Fillmore demanding trade with Japan.

• Black Ships - Power of weapons convinced Japan to sign treaty.

– Unfair Treaties • Treaty of Kanagawa – Japan

signed a treaty giving trading rights to US, but no comparable rights to Japan– Treaties signed with British, French,

Russian, and Dutch later

– Shogun overthrown (1868) - due to unhappiness over “unfair treaties”

Meiji Restoration• Meiji Restoration – Emperor

returns to rule in centralized form of government– Mutsuhito – “Enlightened

Emperor” ; 1st of Meiji rulers

1. Tried to make Japan a great power by strengthening Japan politically, economically & militarily– Parliamentary government– Strengthened military – Industrialization – Universal Education

Meiji Restoration

Industrialization – modernized industry; began own industrial revolution– No loans from west –

feared foreign takeover if defaulted

– Infrastructure – postal & telegraph networks, railroads, port facilities

– Modern Currency – coins and paper money

– Growing population – provided cheap labor

Japanese Imperialism

• Japanese Motives:– Raw materials, living space,

nationalism

• Sino-Japanese War– Conflict between China and Japan . – Japan begins own imperialism

focus on Korea and parts of China

• Russo-Japanese War – Conflict between Russia and Japan

over control of Korean peninsula and Manchuria.

– Japan wins– 1st time Asian country defeated

a European nation

Compare and Contrast Imperialism in China to Imperialism in Japan

China Japan

The major goal of the Meiji Restoration was to

to cl

ose Ja

pan...

to keep Ja

pane...

to m

aintain J.

..

to m

odernize

...

25% 25%25%25%1. to close Japan to any outside trade

2. to keep Japanese peasants happy by relying on agriculture

3. to maintain Japanese culture and traditions

4. to modernize and industrialize Japan

How did imperialism differ in Japan vs. China?

The Japan

ese b...

The Chinese be...

The Japan

ese I..

.

Both 1 and 3 a...

25% 25%25%25%1. The Japanese became an imperialist nation

2. The Chinese became an imperialist nation

3. The Japanese Industrialized while the Chinese did not

4. Both 1 and 3 are correct