ImperialismChapter 11 Section 2

Imperialism

ImperialismForm of Imperialism Characteristics Example

Colony A country or region governed internally by a foreign power

Somoliland in East Africa was a colony of France

Protectorate A country of territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power

Britain established a protectorate over the Niger River delta

Sphere of Influence An area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges

Liberia was under the sphere of influence of the United States

Economic Imperialism Independent but less developed nations controlled by private business interests rather than by other governments

The Dole Fruit company controlled pineapple trade in Hawaii

New Imperialism – management methods

Indirect Control Direct Control

•Local government officials were used•Limited self-rule•Goal: to develop future leaders•Government institutions are based on European styles but may have local rules

•Foreign officials brought in to rule•No self-rule•Goal: assimilation•Government institutions are based only on European styles

Examples:•British colonies such as Nigeria, India, Burma•U.S. colonies on Pacific Islands

Examples:•French colonies like Vietnam•Portuguese colonies like Angola

*Two methods used in direct control: Paternalism & Assimilation

Paternalism

• Governing people in a protective, parenting way. – Giving them necessary items in order to

survive but denying them rights.– Used largely by the French in Africa.

Assimilation• Forcing countries to adapt the ways of the

imperialist power.– Examples are forcing people to speak the

same language, adapt clothing fashions, religion or other social factors.

– Used heavily by the French in N. Africa, British in India

Ethiopia• The only nation to successfully defend

itself against colonial control.• Italy tried to conquer it in 1890’s but was

led by king Menelik II.• Menelik II successfully played France,

Britain and Russia against each other for weapons.

• In The Battle of Adowa, 1896- Menelik defeated Italy.

Impact of Colonial Rule

• Positives: – reduced local warfare – improved sanitation – hospitals and schools (life span increases,

literacy increases) – economic expansion

• African goods become desirable in Europe• light infrastructure (railroads, dams, roads, etc)

mainly benefit Europeans

Impact of Colonial Rule

• Negatives:– African lose control & independence– Lives lost to disease and battle– Famine kills – move from subsitance to cash

crop economy– Loss of traditional cultures – causes identity

problems for many, breaks up families– Cutting up of Africa leads to everlasting

turmoil in region