IMPERIALISM AND THE UNITED STATES;

EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES

• SSUSH14 The student will explain America’s evolving relationship with the world at the turn of the twentieth century.

USA: IMPERIALISM, EXPANSION

• b. Describe the Spanish-American War, the war in the Philippines, and the debate over American expansionism.

• c. Explain U.S. involvement in Latin America, as reflected by the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine and the creation of the Panama Canal.

USA: IMPERIALISM, EXPANSION

• The student will understand that when there is conflict between or within societies, change is the result.

• • Why did American expansionism during the turn of the century result in the Spanish-American War and the war in the Philippines?

• • Why did the creation of the Panama Canal lead to the Roosevelt Corollary?

IMPERIALISM DEFINED• 1. Most commonly it is understood in

relation to Empire building, as the expansion of a nation's authority by territorial conquest establishing economic, military, and political powers in other territories or nations.

• 2. POLICY OF EXPANSIONISM

• 3. The term also describes the imperialistic attitude of superiority, subordination, and dominion over foreign people

REASONS-CAUSES OF IMPERIALISM BY USA

• 1. GLOBAL COMPETITION FOR COLONIES• 2. DESIRE FOR MILITARY STRENGTH• a.Alfred T. Mahan, U.S. Navy, 1890, #3 in the

world• 3. DESIRE FOR MARKETS• a.Needed raw materials for factories and

markets for goods• 4. BELIEF IN CULTURAL SUPERIORTY• a.Racial superiority of Anglo-Saxons

• ANGLES, SAXONS, JUTES

ACQUISITIONS OF THE USA, 1867-1899

• 1.ALASKA, 1867, FROM RUSSIA• 2.HAWAII, 1887, ANNEXED BY USA;

BUILT PEARL HARBOR NAVAL BASE, LATE 1800S

• 3.PUERTO RICO, GUAM, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, 1898, AFTER SPAIN’S DEFEAT IN THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR

• 4.SPLENDID LITTLE WAR, JOHN M. HAY

GENERAL CAUSES OF THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR,

APR-AUG, 1898• 1.FIGHT FOR FREEDOM IN CUBA AGAINST SPAIN• 2.SPANISH GENERAL V. WEYLER USED

EXCESSIVE FORCE AGAINST CUBANS• 3.AMERICAN PRESS SENSATIONALIZED THE

SPANISH ATROCITIES• 4.RELIGIOUS GROUPS SUPPORTED

INTERVENTION• 5.BUSINESSMEN WANTED WAR FOR MORE

MARKETS AND GLORY• 6.POPULAR SUPPORT FOR WAR

IMMEDIATE CAUSES OF THE SPANISH-AMERICAN

WAR• 1.DE LOME LETTER FROM SPANISH FOREIGN

MINISTER CRITICAL OF USA PRESIDENT MCKINLEY• 2.SINKING OF U.S.S. BATTLESHIP, MAINE, IN

HAVANA, CUBA, HARBOR• (“REMEMBER THE MAINE, TO HELL WITH SPAIN!”)• 3.USA PLACED DEMANDS ON SPAIN, MAINLY, A

FREE CUBA• 4.SPAIN REFUSED DEMANDS. USA DECLARED

WAR BUT NOT TO GET CUBA.

THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR IN THE PHILIPPINES

• 1. 1ST BATTLE OF WAR, NOT CUBA• 2. BATTLE OF MANILA BAY, 4.1898• 3. U.S. NAVY ADMIRAL, GEORGE DEWEY

DEFEATED SPAIN• 4. AMERICANS AND FILIPINOS

DEFEATED SPANISH, 8.1898• 5. FILIPINO LEADER, EMILIO AGUINALDO

BATTLE OF MANILA BAY

THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR, CARIBBEAN SEA

• 1. USA NAVAL BLOCKADE, CUBA• 2. ROUGH RIDERS, USA VOLUNTEER CAVALRY,

LED BY T. ROOSEVELT, DEFEATED SPAIN• 3. BATTLES OF KETTLE AND SAN JUAN HILL• 4. USA INVADED PUERTO RICO, 7.1898• 5. ARMISTICE, CEASE-FIRE AGREEMENT, • 8.1898 • 6. TREATY OF PARIS, 12.1898

TREATY OF PARIS, 1898, RESULTS OF SPANISH-

AMERICAN WAR• 1. SPAIN FREED CUBA• 2. USA RECEIVED GUAM AND • PUERTO RICO• 3. USA RECEIVED PHILIPPINES • AND PAID SPAIN 20 MILLION• 4. USA ACQUIRED “EMPIRE.”

DEBATE ABOUT EMPIRE AND USA IMPERIALISM

• 1. CONTROVERSY OVER TAKING PHILIPPINES• 2. PRESIDENT MCKINLEY, “…EDUCATE, UPLIFT,

CHRISTIANIZE…”• 3. OTHERS, VIOLATED DECLARATION OF

INDEPENDENCE, DENIED SELF-GOVT• 4. BLACKS, B.T. WASHINGTON, SETTLE RACE ISSUES IN

USA, OTHER PLACES LATER• 5. FILIPINOS WOULD COMPETE FOR AMERICAN JOBS• 6. FOR-MCKINLEY; AGAINST-G. CLEVELAND, J. ADDAMS• A. CARNEGIE, MARK TWAIN

USA INVOLVEMENT IN LATIN AMERICA

• 1. LATIN AMERICA, ALL LAND S. OF THE RIO GRANDE RIVER (BORDER OF TEXAS AND MEXICO)

• 2. MONROE DOCTRINE, EUROPE, STAY OUT OF W. HEMISPHERE

• 3. ROOSEVELT COROLLARY, 1904• (COROLLARY-statement which follows readily from a

previously proven statement. )• a. USA HAD RIGHT TO USE INTERNATIONAL POLICE • FORCE IN W. HEMISPHERE TO PROTECT ECO. • INTERESTS• b. “SPEAK SOFTLY, AND CARRY A BIG STICK; YOU WILL • GO FAR.” TEDDY ROOSEVELT

PANAMA CANAL• 1. PANAMA, PROVINCE OF COLOMBIA• 2. 1ST ATTEMPT AT BUILDING, FRANCE• 3. USA SUPPORTED PANAMANIAN

REVOLT AGAINST COLOMBIA, 11.1903• 4. PANAMA/USA TREATY TO BUILD

CANAL AND PAY RENT (USA)• 5. USA SUPPORT OF PANAMA RESULTED

IN DAMAGED LATIN • AMERICAN RELATIONS

THE PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN WAR

• 1899–1902 (official duration)1899–1913 (unofficial duration due to guerrilla action)

• AKA, THE PHILIPPINE INSURRECTION

• An insurgency, OR INSURRECTION, is a violent internal uprising against a sovereign government that lacks the organization of a revolution.

• The Philippine-American War was an armed military conflict between the United States of America and the First Philippine Republic, which arose from the Filipino political struggle against U.S. occupation of the Philippines.

PHILIPPINE INSURRECTION

• REBEL LEADER: EMILIO AGUINALDO• BELIEVED USA PROMISED INDEPENDENCE• USA PLAYED SAME ROLE AS SPAIN• AMERICAN SOLDIERS VIEWED FILIPINOS AS INFERIORS• MANY BLACKS FOUGHT IN THE PHILIPPINES• 20,000 FILIPINO DEATHS, 4000 AMERICAN DEATHS• RESULT: PHILIPPINE ISLANDS WERE VIEWED AS A • GATEWAY TO ASIA, ESPECIALLY CHINA, THE • “SICK MAN OF ASIA”

FILIPINO REBELS

FILIPINO REBEL SOLDIERS