imperialism and expansion

Imperialism and Imperialism and ExpansionExpansion

Chapter 12Chapter 12

Did You Know?Did You Know?

(You do not have to write this one)(You do not have to write this one)

Hawaii is the only state that Hawaii is the only state that was once an independent was once an independent monarchy. Polynesian monarchy. Polynesian monarchs ruled the country monarchs ruled the country from about 1800 to 1894from about 1800 to 1894

I. Building Support for I. Building Support for ImperialismImperialism

A. Beginning in the 1800s, A. Beginning in the 1800s, Americans wanted the US to Americans wanted the US to become a world power. Change become a world power. Change in attitude was a result of in attitude was a result of economic and military economic and military competition from other nations competition from other nations and a growing feeling of cultural and a growing feeling of cultural superiority.superiority.


B. Imperialism – economic and B. Imperialism – economic and political domination of a strong political domination of a strong nation over a weaker nation. – nation over a weaker nation. – view held by many European view held by many European nations in order to protect nations in order to protect economic investments. Used economic investments. Used militarymilitary

C. Example - ProtectoratesC. Example - Protectorates


D. Americans wanted to D. Americans wanted to develop overseas markets to develop overseas markets to keep their economy strong. keep their economy strong. Social Darwinists argued that Social Darwinists argued that as nations compete, the as nations compete, the strongest survive. Justified strongest survive. Justified American expansionAmerican expansion

I. Building Support For I. Building Support For ImperialismImperialism

E. John Fiske, historian and E. John Fiske, historian and writer, wrote about “Anglo writer, wrote about “Anglo Saxonism,” the idea that English Saxonism,” the idea that English speaking nations had superior speaking nations had superior Character, ideas, systems of Character, ideas, systems of government. government.

F. Josiah Strong linked missionary F. Josiah Strong linked missionary work to Anglo-Saxonismwork to Anglo-Saxonism

II. Expansion in the II. Expansion in the PacificPacific

A. Americans expanded across the A. Americans expanded across the Pacific Ocean & toward East Asia Pacific Ocean & toward East Asia looking for overseas markets; hoped to looking for overseas markets; hoped to trade with China & Japan, but Japan trade with China & Japan, but Japan only traded with the Dutch.only traded with the Dutch.

B. 1852 - Pres. Pierce sends B. 1852 - Pres. Pierce sends Commodore Matthew Perry to negotiate Commodore Matthew Perry to negotiate trade with Japan – impressed by trade with Japan – impressed by American military power. Trade American military power. Trade opened.opened.

II. Expansion in the II. Expansion in the PacificPacific

C. Late 1800s, a tariff raised the price C. Late 1800s, a tariff raised the price of sugar from Hawaii – economic of sugar from Hawaii – economic depression. US gains a naval base. depression. US gains a naval base. New trade agreements boost economy.New trade agreements boost economy.

D. McKinley Tariff causes Hawaiian D. McKinley Tariff causes Hawaiian economy to decline.economy to decline.

E. 1891 – US Planters supported by E. 1891 – US Planters supported by Marines force Queen Liliuokalani out Marines force Queen Liliuokalani out of power.of power.

F. US Annexes Hawaii as a territory. F. US Annexes Hawaii as a territory.

III. Latin AmericaIII. Latin America

A. 1800s -0 US wanted to increase A. 1800s -0 US wanted to increase influence in Latin America by selling influence in Latin America by selling products there. Wanted Europeans to products there. Wanted Europeans to view America as economically dominant.view America as economically dominant.

B. Sec. of State James Blaine led early B. Sec. of State James Blaine led early efforts to expand American influence in efforts to expand American influence in Latin America. He proposed the idea Latin America. He proposed the idea that the US and Latin American work that the US and Latin American work together – Pan Americanismtogether – Pan Americanism

III. Latin AmericaIII. Latin America

C. 1889 – meeting in Washington DC C. 1889 – meeting in Washington DC to discuss creation of trade unions to discuss creation of trade unions between Latin America and US. between Latin America and US. Unable to work it out.Unable to work it out.

D. Latin America agree to create the D. Latin America agree to create the Commercial Bureau of American Commercial Bureau of American Republics to promote cooperation. Republics to promote cooperation. Later became the Organization of Later became the Organization of American States (OAS)American States (OAS)

IV. Building a Modern IV. Building a Modern NavyNavy

A. Americans were willing to risk war to A. Americans were willing to risk war to defend interests overseas. This led to defend interests overseas. This led to American support for a large modern American support for a large modern navy.navy.

B. Cpt. Alfred T. Mahan argued the US B. Cpt. Alfred T. Mahan argued the US needed a strong navy to compete with needed a strong navy to compete with Europe (Europe (Influence of Seapower Upon Influence of Seapower Upon History)History). .

C. Will become important when the US C. Will become important when the US goes to war with Spain in 1898goes to war with Spain in 1898

Section 2Section 2

The Spanish American WarThe Spanish American War

I. The Coming of WarI. The Coming of War

A. Cuba controlled by Spain. A. Cuba controlled by Spain. Provided wealth for Spain with Provided wealth for Spain with sugarcane plantations. In 1868 sugarcane plantations. In 1868 Cuban rebels declared independence Cuban rebels declared independence and began a guerrilla attack against and began a guerrilla attack against Spanish authorities. After the attack Spanish authorities. After the attack failed, the Cuban rebels fled to the US failed, the Cuban rebels fled to the US to plan a new revolution. Increased to plan a new revolution. Increased American sympathy for Cuba.American sympathy for Cuba.

I. The Coming of WarI. The Coming of War B. 1894 – US tariffs causes Cuban B. 1894 – US tariffs causes Cuban

economy (sugar) to collapse. Led economy (sugar) to collapse. Led to a new rebellion in 1895. to a new rebellion in 1895.

C. America was neutral at the C. America was neutral at the beginning. Yellow Journalism ran beginning. Yellow Journalism ran exaggerated stories that turned exaggerated stories that turned opinion.opinion.

D. Example: William Randolph D. Example: William Randolph Hearst (Hearst (NY JournalNY Journal) and Joseph ) and Joseph Pulitzer (Pulitzer (NY WorldNY World))

I. Coming of WarI. Coming of War

E. Rebels attacked and destroyed E. Rebels attacked and destroyed American property, hoping for American property, hoping for American intervention. American intervention.

F. Spanish general Weyler served as F. Spanish general Weyler served as governor. Began to move civilians to governor. Began to move civilians to camps. Many died, led to American camps. Many died, led to American calls for intervention.calls for intervention.


G. DeLome Letter – Spain’s US G. DeLome Letter – Spain’s US ambassador describes McKinley's ambassador describes McKinley's administration as weak and working administration as weak and working at popularity in a private letter.at popularity in a private letter. i. Letter gets published in the New i. Letter gets published in the New

York Journal – Leads to further calls for York Journal – Leads to further calls for war!war!


H. USS Maine – Feb. 1898 – US H. USS Maine – Feb. 1898 – US battleship sent to Havana to provide battleship sent to Havana to provide aid during the Rebellion (evacuate aid during the Rebellion (evacuate Americans). Explodes, killing 266 Americans). Explodes, killing 266 American sailors. Led to call for American sailors. Led to call for war!war! No one knows what happened for sure, No one knows what happened for sure,

but at the time, most blamed Spain.but at the time, most blamed Spain.

II. Two Front WarII. Two Front War

A. April 23, 1898, US blockades A. April 23, 1898, US blockades Cuba.Cuba.

B. May – Commodore George B. May – Commodore George Dewey destroys the Spanish fleet in Dewey destroys the Spanish fleet in Manila, Philippines. Occupied the Manila, Philippines. Occupied the Philippines and seized GuamPhilippines and seized Guam

C. American soldiers untrained and C. American soldiers untrained and ill-equiped. More Americans died in ill-equiped. More Americans died in training than died in battle.training than died in battle.


D. June 1898, American troops D. June 1898, American troops advanced toward Santiago Harbor advanced toward Santiago Harbor (Cuba). Col. Leonard Wood & (Cuba). Col. Leonard Wood & Theodore Roosevelt’s Rough Riders Theodore Roosevelt’s Rough Riders stormed San Juan Hill. American stormed San Juan Hill. American victories.victories.

E. Along with Rough Riders were E. Along with Rough Riders were the all-black 9the all-black 9thth and 10 and 10thth Cavalry; ¼ Cavalry; ¼ Americans were black.Americans were black.


F. Spanish resistance ended with F. Spanish resistance ended with surrender of Santiago. Aug. 12, surrender of Santiago. Aug. 12, 1898, Spain and the US agreed to a 1898, Spain and the US agreed to a cease-fire.cease-fire.

G. The war lasted 16 weeks. G. The war lasted 16 weeks. “Splendid Little War!”“Splendid Little War!”

III. Birth of American III. Birth of American EmpireEmpire

Define: EmpireDefine: Empire A. Many Americans supported A. Many Americans supported

annexing Philippines because it annexing Philippines because it would provide a naval base in Asia, a would provide a naval base in Asia, a stop on the way to China, who would stop on the way to China, who would buy American products, and was a buy American products, and was a chance to educate “less civilized” chance to educate “less civilized” peoples.peoples.


B. Dec. 10, 1898, US and B. Dec. 10, 1898, US and Spain signed Treaty of Paris. Spain signed Treaty of Paris. 1. US gained Puerto Rico 1. US gained Puerto Rico and Guamand Guam

2. Cuba became independent2. Cuba became independent3. US paid $20 million to 3. US paid $20 million to SpainSpain


C. Philippines – Emilio Aguinaldo led C. Philippines – Emilio Aguinaldo led revolution against American control. revolution against American control. Responsibility for ended revolution Responsibility for ended revolution was General Arthur MacArthur.was General Arthur MacArthur.

D. William Howard Taft was first D. William Howard Taft was first civilian governor. Introduced reforms civilian governor. Introduced reforms in education, transportation and in education, transportation and health care. Lessoned hostility health care. Lessoned hostility toward the Americans.toward the Americans.


E. Foraker Act – made Puerto E. Foraker Act – made Puerto Rico an “unincorporated Rico an “unincorporated territory.” Became citizens of territory.” Became citizens of the US in 1917; Could elect its the US in 1917; Could elect its own governor in 1947. Today own governor in 1947. Today debate continues over whether debate continues over whether or not they will become a state or not they will become a state or continue to be a protectorate.or continue to be a protectorate.


F. Platt Amendment – US sets up F. Platt Amendment – US sets up military government in Cuba after the military government in Cuba after the war. 4 parts of the Platt Amendmentwar. 4 parts of the Platt Amendment 1. Cuba could not make treaties1. Cuba could not make treaties 2. Cuba had to allow naval bases 2. Cuba had to allow naval bases

(Guantanamo Bay)(Guantanamo Bay) 3. Cuba had to keep its debts low.3. Cuba had to keep its debts low. 4. US could intervene at any time.4. US could intervene at any time.

G. Reluctantly accepted. Repealed in G. Reluctantly accepted. Repealed in 1934.1934.

Chapter 12, Section 3Chapter 12, Section 3- Theodore Roosevelt’s rise - Theodore Roosevelt’s rise

to Powerto Power

I. RooseveltI. Roosevelt

A. In the 1900 election, McKinley A. In the 1900 election, McKinley defeated William Jennings Bryan. defeated William Jennings Bryan. On Sept 6, 1901, McKinley was On Sept 6, 1901, McKinley was assassinated. VP Theodore assassinated. VP Theodore Roosevelt becomes president Roosevelt becomes president (youngest!)(youngest!)

B. Wanted the US to become a B. Wanted the US to become a world powerworld power

II. American Diplomacy II. American Diplomacy in Asiain Asia

A. 1899 the US was a major power A. 1899 the US was a major power in Asia. Between 1895 and 1900, in Asia. Between 1895 and 1900, American exports quadrupled.American exports quadrupled.

B 1894 – war broke out between B 1894 – war broke out between China and Japan over Korea. Japan China and Japan over Korea. Japan won – had adopted western won – had adopted western technology.technology.

II. American Diplomacy II. American Diplomacy in Asiain Asia

C. Japan’s rising power worried C. Japan’s rising power worried Russia. Forced Japan to give back Russia. Forced Japan to give back part of captured Manchuria to part of captured Manchuria to China, who then leased it to Russia. China, who then leased it to Russia. *Sphere of Influence.*Sphere of Influence.

D. McKinley and John Hay D. McKinley and John Hay supported an Open Door policy – all supported an Open Door policy – all countries should be able to trade countries should be able to trade with China. with China.

II. AsiaII. Asia E. Boxer Rebellion – secret Chinese E. Boxer Rebellion – secret Chinese

society that wanted foreigners out! society that wanted foreigners out! Killed 200 and took others prisoner. An Killed 200 and took others prisoner. An international force stopped the rebellion international force stopped the rebellion in 1900. in 1900.

F. Meanwhile, TR wins the Nobel prize F. Meanwhile, TR wins the Nobel prize for his role in ending the war between for his role in ending the war between Japan and Russia.Japan and Russia.

G. Great White Fleet – 16 new battleships G. Great White Fleet – 16 new battleships sailed around the world to show US sailed around the world to show US power.power.

III. CaribbeanIII. Caribbean

A. 1901 – Hay-Pauncefote Treaty – US A. 1901 – Hay-Pauncefote Treaty – US and Great Britain = Gave US rights to and Great Britain = Gave US rights to build and control any proposed canal build and control any proposed canal through Central America. Decide to through Central America. Decide to build it through Panama.build it through Panama.

B. US supports Panama in their war B. US supports Panama in their war against Columbia for independence. against Columbia for independence.

C. Construction of the Panama canal C. Construction of the Panama canal began.began.

USS New Jersey in the USS New Jersey in the CanalCanal


D. Roosevelt Corollary to the D. Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: US would Monroe Doctrine: US would intervene in Latin American intervene in Latin American affairs when necessary to affairs when necessary to maintain economic and political maintain economic and political stability in the W. Hemisphere. stability in the W. Hemisphere. First applied to the Dominican First applied to the Dominican Republic.Republic.


E. Taft elected in 1908 – E. Taft elected in 1908 – Believed that if American Believed that if American business leaders supported Latin business leaders supported Latin American and Asian American and Asian development, everyone would development, everyone would benefit – Dollar Diplomacybenefit – Dollar Diplomacy

imperialism and expansion

Documents

american support

latin american work

american influence

us planters

us tariffs

american sympathy

american expansioni

building support