imperialism 1890’s-1900’s
DESCRIPTION
IMPERIALISM 1890’S-1900’S. FOCUS ON SPANISH AMERICAN WAR, TR , TAFT AND WW. KEY INFLUENCES. 1-Missionaries Rev. Josiah Strong— “Our Country: It’s Possible Future and Present Crisis”—missionary work. American Missionaries In China, 1905. Social Darwinism. White Man’s Burden. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
IMPERIALISM1890’S-1900’S
FOCUS ON SPANISH AMERICAN WAR, TR , TAFT AND WW
KEY INFLUENCES
1-Missionaries Rev. Josiah Strong— “Our Country: It’s
Possible Future and Present Crisis”—missionary work
American MissionariesIn China, 1905
Social Darwinism
White Man’s Burden
Hierarchy of Race
Commercial/Business Interests
US Foreign Investments1869-1908
American Frontier-Closed
FrederickJacksonTurner’sFrontierThesis--
Alfred Mahan-”Influence of Sea Power”
PROBLEMS IN CUBA
1895-REVOLT VS. SPANISH GOV’T “SCORCHED EARTH” POLICY BUTCHER WEYLER—
Reconcentration Camps
Yellow Journalism
Pulitzer & Hearst
Hearst to Frederick Remington:Hearst to Frederick Remington: You furnish the pictures,You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war! and I’ll furnish the war!
Feb. 9th 1898De Lome Letter
Private letter by Spanish Ambassador to US
McKinley is “weak”
**popular opinion=war
**business---no war
Teddy Roosevelt
Assistant Secretary of Assistant Secretary of the Navy in the the Navy in the McKinley McKinley administration.administration.
Imperialist and Imperialist and American nationalist.American nationalist.
Criticized PresidentCriticized PresidentMcKinley as McKinley as having the having the backbone of a backbone of a chocolate éclair!chocolate éclair!
Resigns his position to Resigns his position to fight in Cuba.fight in Cuba.
THE US INVOLVED IN CUBA
USS Maine sent to evacuate Americans out of Havana
-Feb. 15th 1898---Maine blew up in Havana Harbor
blame???
Remember the MaineRemember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!and to Hell with Spain!
Funerals for Victims
SPANISH AMERICAN WAR
Spain orders warships to Cuba Admiral Cervera—blockaded by American fleet
in Santiago harbor US forces unprepared—malaria, yellow fever &
typhoid; food & clothes Disorganized Fighting
El Caney—July 1st
San Juan Hill Spanish troops outnumbered and outgunned
August 12, 1898---armistice—5000 die of disease
only 400 men die from war injuries
The Spanish-American War (1898):The Spanish-American War (1898):“That Splendid Little War”“That Splendid Little War”
(John Hay-Sec. of State)(John Hay-Sec. of State)
Rough Riders
To The Victor Go The Spoils!US takes Philippines
Dewey captures Manila!
PROBLEMS IN THE PHILIPPINES
1-ADMIRAL DEWEY IN HONG KONG TOLD TO TAKE PHIL IF US DECLARES
WAR ON SPAIN 2-MAY 1898—DEWEY DESTROYS
SPANISH FLEET 3-AUGUST 1898-MANILA
SURRENDERS
Emilio Aguinaldo-Freedom Fighter
Philippine Independence-1946
US “Sphere of Influence”
Treaty of Paris, 1898
Cuba was freed from Spanish rule.Cuba was freed from Spanish rule. Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the
island ofisland ofGuam.Guam.
The U. S. paid SpainThe U. S. paid Spain$20 mil. for the$20 mil. for thePhilippines.Philippines.
The U. S. becomesThe U. S. becomesan imperial power!an imperial power!
KEY ACTS
1-TELLER AMENDMENT WITHDRAW BY 1902—give Cubans
freedom after the war 2-PLATT AMENDMENT 1901 US CAN INTERVENE CUBA DEVELOPS CONSTITUTION NAVAL BASE
ANTI-IMPERIALIST LEAGUE
Mark Twain, William James, Samuel Gompers, Andrew Carnegie, WJ Bryan
Dislike imperialism; conflict Argument
Too much despotism (colonialism) Vs Trade/Profits/Natural resources
Journal: Should the Constitution follow the flag?
TR AS PRESIDENT
1-PANAMA CANAL 1850 1850 Clayton-BulwerClayton-Bulwer
Treaty Treaty.. 1901 1901 Hay-PaunceforteHay-Paunceforte
Treaty Treaty. . Philippe Bunau-Varilla,Philippe Bunau-Varilla,
agent provocateur.agent provocateur. Dr. Walter Reed.Dr. Walter Reed. 1903 1903 Hay-Bunau-Hay-Bunau-
Varilla Treaty Varilla Treaty
TR
“Encourages” a Panamian Revolution Prevents Columbian forces entering area Pushes for independence
Panama CanalTR in PanamaConstruction starts in 1904
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine 1905Chronic wrongdoing… may Chronic wrongdoing… may
in America, as elsewhere, in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require ultimately require intervention by some intervention by some civilized nation, and in the civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United adherence of the United States to the Monroe States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the Doctrine may force the United States, however United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the or impotence, to the exercise of an exercise of an international police international police powerpower .
“Speak Softly But Carry a Big Stick”
Constable of the WorldConstable of the WorldConstable of the WorldConstable of the World
TR continued
*continued occupation of Philippines
After (US-Phil War 1899+)
Aguinaldo fought US
4-Russo-Japanese War 1904 Portsmouth Treaty
Nobel Peace Prize
For TR
Yellow Peril
Problems in California
Gentlemen’s Agreement
Root-Takihira Agreement
Great White Fleet 1907
End of TR’s Presidency . . . . .
JOURNAL: What is TR’s Legacy? Does he belong on Mt. Rushmore?
Taft as President“Dollar Diplomacy”
1-Improve financial1-Improve financialopportunities for American businesses.opportunities for American businesses.2-Use private capital to2-Use private capital tofurther U. S. interestsfurther U. S. interestsoverseas.overseas.3- the U.S. should create stability and 3- the U.S. should create stability and order abroad that would best promote order abroad that would best promote America’s commercial interests.America’s commercial interests.
Wilson as President“Moral Diplomacy”
**The U. S. shouldThe U. S. shouldbe the consciencebe the conscienceof the world.of the world.
*Spread democracy.*Spread democracy.
*Promote peace.*Promote peace.
*Condemn *Condemn colonialismcolonialism
1st Actions of Wilson
1-repeal Panama Canal Tolls Act 2-Jones Act 1916 3- Haiti Civil War 1915 4-Problems in Dom. Republic 5-US buys Virgin Islands from Denmark
1917
Mexican Revolution 1910
Huerta seizes control of Mexico Huerta seizes control of Mexico
Should US send troops to protect US Business?Should US send troops to protect US Business? Carranza, Pancho Villa & Emiliano Carranza, Pancho Villa & Emiliano
Zapata fought against Huerta.Zapata fought against Huerta. The U.S. also got involved by occupying The U.S. also got involved by occupying
VeracruzVeracruz Problems with US sailors in Tampico 1914Problems with US sailors in Tampico 1914 Carranza would gain power in Carranza would gain power in
Mexico after Huerta’s gov’t collapsesMexico after Huerta’s gov’t collapses Wilson sends Gen. Pershing to fight Villa as he attacks
along US/Mexican Border
Zapata
Pancho Villa
U. S. Interventions in U. S. Interventions in Latin America: 1898-1920sLatin America: 1898-1920s