Imperial Wars and Colonial Protests

APUSH

French and Indian War

Was known as “Seven Years War” in Europe.

Began with battle at Fort Duquesne. Colonel George Washington and his

Virginia militia surrendered to the French.

French aided greatly by their Native American allies, the Algonquians.

War goes badly for the British during the first few years.

Albany Plan of Union British government asked colonies to meet

and set up a plan for colonial defense Benjamin Franklin developed a plan that

established a colonial government and created a system for collecting taxes and recruiting troops

Plan was only adopted by 7 colonies so it never took effect

Important because it was the first attempt to unite the colonies

Political Cartoon

British Victory

William Pitt, the new British Prime Minister, concentrated on capturing Canada

Pitt’s plan was successful Treaty of Paris in 1763 officially

ended the war Great Britain now had unchallenged

supremacy in North America The British attitudes toward the

colonies will also change

Points of View

British thought the colonies were weak and had not offered to help enough during the war

They feared the colonies would not protect all of Britain’s new territory

The Americans thought they had performed well during the war

They thought the British were foolish for fighting in the traditional way in the wilderness

British tighten control

Britain will no longer allow the Americans so much freedom

Send more troops to protect the American territories

Sends British troops to deal with Pontiac’s Rebellion instead of the colonies

Britain begins to enforce more laws and tighten the grip on the American colonies

Britain also looks to the colonies to help pay for the war

Proclamation of 1763

Purpose was the stabilize the western front

Britain tells colonists they are not allowed to settle west of the Appalachians

Trying to reduce tensions between colonists and Native Americans

Americans were angry and moved west anyway

First action of the British that was met with anger and resistance from the colonists

Proclamation of 1763

Crisis in the colonies

Each of the following alarmed Americans because they feared the British were threatening their cherished liberties and their long-standing tradition of self-government

Sugar Act 1764 Quartering Act 1765 Stamp Act 1765: resulted in the

Stamp Act Congress, Sons and Daughters of Liberty, and “no taxation without representation”

Stamp Act

Crisis in the colonies

Declaratory Act 1766: Repeals Stamp Act but reinforces Parliaments control of the colonies

Townshend Acts 1767: Taxed imported goods, also allowed searches of homes with just writs of assistance, repealed in 1770

Boston Massacre 1770: scuffle between Bostonians and British troops ended with soldiers killing 5

Committees of Correpsondence Relative peace between 1770-1772 Colonists continued to distrust British Samuel Adams created a network of

colonists that kept each other informed on British activities through letters

These committees discussed events such as The Gaspee

Boston Tea Party

Protest in response to the Tea Act Colonists dressed as Native

Americans dumped 342 chests of tea into the harbor in Dec 1773

Colonial reactions were mixed although most supported the protest

Britain passed the Coercive Acts 1774 as punishment

Intolerable Acts

Coercive Acts were called the Intolerable Acts by Americans Boston Harbor was closed, no trade

allowed MA legislature was reduced and royal

governor’s power was increased Officials could be tried in England Expanded the Quartering Act

Quebec Act

Quebec Act 1774 organized lands in Canada Established Roman Catholicism as

official religion in Canada Did not allow Canada a representative

assembly Extended Quebec’s boundary to Ohio

River Americans feared the British would try to

enact these types of measures in the colonies as well

Effects of the Enlightenment Celebrated human reason John Locke’s “natural rights” were

supported in the colonies Locke said every had rights, the gov’t got

its power from the people, and citizens could overthrow the gov’t if it didn’t work

Focused on science, reason, and respect for humanity

Influenced Jefferson, Franklin, Washington, and Adams