impacts of invasive asian carps on freshwater...
TRANSCRIPT
U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey
Impacts of Invasive Asian Carps on Freshwater EcosystemsCindy KolarInvasive Species ProgramDuane ChapmanColumbia Environmental Research Center
ACES ConferenceDecember 7, 2010
What are ‘Asian carps’?
Bighead and silver carps Large-bodied planktivores Introduced in the 1970s Escaped into waterways
Bighead carp
Silver carp
Global History of Introduction
01020304050
BigheadSilver
Num
ber o
f Cou
ntrie
s
Year of Introduction
SpeciesCountries introduced
Countries with self-sustaining
populationsBighead carp 74 19Silver carp 87 23
Reasons for Introduction Around World
Bighead Carp Silver CarpAquaculture
Capture fisheries
Plankton control
Research
Sport/angling
SAV control
Accidental
Unknown
Extent of Distribution
Reproducing in about 20 states Nonindigenous Species Database (http://nas.er.usgs.gov)
Bighead carpSilver carp
Quickly Became Abundant
Exponential population growth Most abundant fish in some areas
Entry into the Great Lakes?
Proximity to Lake Michigan Chicago Area Waterways Electrical barriers to deter movement
Bighead Silver
Mandrak and Cudmore 2004 Pictures based only on air temperature Lots of things besides air temperature
control where fish live
Suitable Temperature?
Only free-flowing length considered
Spawning?
Food Resources?
Cooke et al. (2010) Asian carps need ~10 ug/L chlorophyll (without
swimming or breeding) Should do well in parts of Lake Erie But not in open water of larger Great Lakes
BUT – Flexible diets BUT – DO live on less, in some places
like Lake Balaton, Hungary
Freshwater Ecosystem Service Impacts
Provisioning Services Regulatory Services Cultural Services Supporting Services
Provisioning Services
Quantity and quality of water for consumptive useDrinking, domestic, industrial, agricultural
Water for non-consumptive usePower, transportation, navigation
Aquatic organisms for food and medicine
Provisioning - Effects on Water Quality
Provisioning – Transportation, Navigation, Water Quantity
Provisioning – Aquatic Organisms Region Location Native Species Citation
Asia China, Changshouhu Reservoir, Yangtze River
Sharpbelly Li (2001)
China, Plateau lakes Barbless carp Xie & Chen (2001)
China, Yunnan Province
Racoma taliensis, Cyprinus meglophthalmus, Anabarilius grahami, A. albrunops, A. polylepis
Yang (1996)
Thailand Native clupeids De Iongh & Van Zon (1993)
Indian subcontinent
India, Gobin Sagar Reservoir
Catla, rohu, golden mahseen Shetty et al. (1989)
India, Kulgarhi Reservoir
Catla, rohu Dey et al. (1979)
Middle East Aral basin Aral barbel Pavlovskaya (1995)
Israel Tilapias Spataru and Gophen (1985)
Europe Poland Roach, rudd Wilkonska (1988)
Germany Sunbleak, bleak, zander Costa-Pierce (1992)
Provisioning – Aquatic Organisms
Competition between paddlefish and bighead carp demonstrated in mesocosms (Schrank et al. 2003)
Diet overlap between gizzard shad, bigmouth buffalo, and Asian carps (Schuyler et al. 2004)
Reason to believe that planktivorous fishes will be affected – declines in zooplankton
Declines in commercial harvest of native species
Provisioning – Aquatic Organisms
Regulatory Services
Maintenance of water qualityNatural filtration, water treatment
Buffering of flood flowsErosion control through land/water interactions,
flood control infrastructure
Cultural Services
RecreationRiver rafting, canoeing, kayaking, sport fishing,
jet skiing, water skiing, boating, swimming Tourism Existence valuesPersonal satisfaction
Supporting Services
Role in nutrient cycling and primary production Predator/prey relationships and ecosystem
resilience Habitat for native species
Conclusions
Have been and will be additional effects to freshwater ecosystem services Not a focus of study to date Not quantified Interaction of Asian carps with
management goals will affect delivery of ecosystem services
