impact of is in society

7/30/2019 Impact of is in Society

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Impact of Information Systemsin Society


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Index

Introduction of Information Systems (IS) Types of Information Systems

Application of Information Systems in Industries

Benefits of Information Systems in Society

Negative Impacts of Information Systems in Society

Case Study


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Information Systems

A collection of resources working together in a co-ordinate

fashion to store, process and provide information for end-users.

Information Systems is usually interchangeable withInformation Technology.

It is an Integrated System of Man & Machine for providinginformation to support the operations, the management anddecision making function in organizations.


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Types of Information Systems


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An information system can be:

Manual

Computerized

Computer-based informationsystem (CBIS) :

A single set of hardware, software,databases, telecommunications,people, and procedures that areconfigured to collect, manipulate,store, and process data into

information.

Manual and Computerized Information Systems

The Components of a Computer-BasedInformation System


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Business Information Systems:

Most common types of information systems used in business

organizations

Electronic and mobile commerce systems

Transaction processing systems

Management information systems

Decision support systems

Electronic and Mobile Commerce:

E-commerce: any business transaction executed electronically betweenparties such as:

Companies (business-to-business, B2B)

Companies and consumers (business-to-consumer, B2C)

Consumers and other consumers (consumer-to-consumer, C2C)

Business and the public sector

Consumers and the public sector


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Enterprise Systems: Transaction Processing Systems andEnterprise Resource Planning

Transaction: any business-related exchange, such as payments toemployees, sales to customers, and payments to suppliers.

Transaction processing system (TPS): an organized collection ofpeople, procedures, software, databases, and devices used torecord completed business transactions

A Payroll Transaction Processing System


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Enterprise Resource Planning:

A set of integrated programs that manages the vital businessoperations for an entire multisite, global organization.

Can replace many applications with one unified set of programs,making the system easier to use and more effective

Information and Decision Support Systems:

An effective TPS provides a number of benefits to a company.

A TPS can speed business activities and reduce clerical costs.

Data stored in TPSs is used to help managers make betterdecisions.


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Management Information Systems

Management information system (MIS):

An organized collection of people, procedures,software, databases, and devices that providesroutine information to managers and decisionmakers.

Primary focus of an MIS is operational efficiency


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Decision Support Systems

Decision support system (DSS): an organized collection ofpeople, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to

support problem-specific decision making.

Focus of a DSS is on decision-making effectiveness

Essential DSS Elements

S i li d B i I f ti S t


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Specialized Business Information Systems

Knowledge management systems (KMSs): an organizedcollection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devicesto create, store, share, and use the organizations knowledge andexperience.

Artificial intelligence (AI): field in which the computer system takeson the characteristics of human intelligence

The Major Elements of Artificial Intelligence


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Specialized Business Information Systems

Expert Systems:

Give the computer the ability to make suggestions and act like an

expert in a particular field. Allow organizations to capture and use the wisdom of experts and

specialists.

The knowledge base contains the collection of data, rules, procedures,and relationships that must be followed to achieve value or the proper

outcome.

Virtual Reality:

Simulation of a real or imagined environment that can be experiencedvisually in three dimensions.

Immersive virtual reality. Applications that are not fully immersive.

Can be a powerful medium for communication, entertainment, andlearning


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Information Systems in the Functional Areas of Business

Finance and accounting

Sales and marketing

Manufacturing

Human resource management

Legal information systems


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Information Systems in Industry

Airline industry

Investment firms

Banks

Transportation industry

Publishing companies

Healthcare organizations

Retail companies

Power management and utility companies

Professional services


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Who has been benefited with IS ?

Individuals

People in Groups

Government

Commercial Business

New & Media Organization

Educational organization


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Globalization

Brought the world closer together Sharing Ideas

Interdependent System

Communication Cheaper

Quick and more efficient

Face to Face Direct Communication



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More Time:

Open 24x7 all over the globe Anytime Anywhere

Cost Effectiveness

Easy Access to online Libraries Distance Education

Other Benefits:

Bridging the Cultural Gap

Creation of new jobs

Better Improvement in health and life


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Role of Information Systems in Society


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N ti I t f I f ti S t i S i t


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Digital divide in the society

Impact on Work: Unemployment

Rapidity of Change

Impact on Education: Poor Memory Development

Shift from the traditional methods of learning




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Quality of Life: Dehumanization and Other Psychological Impacts

Information Overload/ Quality of Information Information Anxiety

Health Risks: Repetitive Stress Injury Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Techno-stress Computer Vision Syndrome

Change in Communication: Isolation Changing Family & Inter-Personal Relationships Reduced personal interactions




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Computer Crimes:

Cyber Theft

Hacking

Credit Card Fraud

Data Communication Fraud

Cyber Terrorism

Spamming

Unauthorized access to Computer files

Unlawful copying of copyrighted Software's



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Others:

Privacy: Information Rights: Privacy and Freedom in the

Internet Age. Challenge to Intellectual Property

Systems related: Accountability, Liability and Control

Data Quality & System Errors Computer related liability problems


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We as a society sometimes depend upon Information Systems &Information Technology a little too much. It has made our lives so mucheasier and more simple, but we fear that it has also paralyzed the way

our generation thinks and behaves.


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Case Study on BPOIndustry India


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Business Process Outsourcing Industry in India

Business process outsourcing (BPO) is a broad term referring tooutsourcing in all fields.

A BPO differentiates itself by :

Either putting in new technology or applying existing technology in anew way to improve a process.

Delegation of one or more IT-intensive business processes to an

external provider that in turn owns, administers and manages theselected process based on defined and measurable performancecriteria.

Refers to the operation of letting out the task of performing certainfunctions of an enterprise to another enterprise. These functions areusually non-strategic and non-core in nature though they can be very

critical for a business enterprise.

Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) is one of the fastest growingsegments of the Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES)industry.


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Benefits of Outsourcing

Reduce or control operating costs

Higher level of service for the same or lower costs

Focus on your core business and let the operational details be

managed by an external expert

Gain access to world-class capabilities

Increased efficiency

Reduced labor costs

Predictability of costs

Freeing up financial capital and human resources for other projects

Secure resource not available internally

Utilization of common applications


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Future Threats

The cost of telecom and network infrastructure is much higher in

India than in the US.

The anti-outsourcing legislation in the United States.

US Senate has banned federal contractors from outsourcing

overseas.

Workers in British Telecom have protested against outsourcing

of work to Indian BPO companies.

Other ITES destinations such as China, Philippines and SouthAfrica could have an edge on the cost factor.

Slowdown of demand


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impact of is in society

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