impa i m p justus-liebig- universit ÄÄt giessen · 12/13/2010 · photoionization of tungsten...
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Exploratory studies towards experimental Exploratory studies towards experimental data for electrondata for electron--impact ionizationimpact ionization
Exploratory studies towards experimental Exploratory studies towards experimental data for electrondata for electron--impact ionizationimpact ionizationdata for electrondata for electron--impact ionization, impact ionization,
electronelectron--ion recombination and ion recombination and h t i i ti f t t ih t i i ti f t t i
data for electrondata for electron--impact ionization, impact ionization, electronelectron--ion recombination and ion recombination and h t i i ti f t t ih t i i ti f t t iphotoionization of tungsten ionsphotoionization of tungsten ionsphotoionization of tungsten ionsphotoionization of tungsten ions
Alfred MüllerAlfred MüllerInstitut für AtomInstitut für Atom-- und Molekülphysikund Molekülphysik
JUSTUS-LIEBIG-ÄI M PA UNIVERSITÄT
GIESSENI M PA
First Technical Meeting on Spectroscopic and Collisional Data for W from 1 eV to 20 keV
IAEA, Vienna, December 13 – 15, 2010
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Outline Outline Outline Outline
I. IntroductionI. Introduction
II. Electron-ion recombination
III. Photoionization of ions
IV. Electron impact ionization of ions
V. Outlook and plans
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Outline Outline Outline Outline
I. IntroductionI. Introductionatomic data needs – atomic data situation
II. Electron-ion recombination
III Photoionization of ionsIII. Photoionization of ions
IV. Electron impact ionization of ionsIV. Electron impact ionization of ions
V. Outlook and plans
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Evolution Evolution ofof tungstentungsten ionion chargecharge statesstates in a in a plasmaplasmaEvolution Evolution ofof tungstentungsten ionion chargecharge statesstates in a in a plasmaplasmaT Pütterich, R Neu, R Dux, A D Whiteford, M G O’Mullane and the ASDEX Upgrade TeamPlasma Phys. Control. Fusion 50 (2008) 085016
rate coefficients for ionization and recombination requiredqIonization: CADW calculations of Ludlow et al. (2005)Recombination: Burgess – Merts (1965 – 1976) with ad hoc modifications
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RecombinationRecombination rate rate coefficientscoefficients ofof FeFe15+15+RecombinationRecombination rate rate coefficientscoefficients ofof FeFe15+15+
Murakami et al. 2006 Arnaud Raymond 1992 Brooks et al. 1988 Isler et al. 1982G et al 2004cm
3 /s )
10-10Gu et al. 2004
ent
( c
coef
ficie
10-11 Fe15+
Rat
e c
104 105 106 107
Plasma temperature ( K )
Even for a relatively simple Na like ion care
Plasma temperature ( K )
Even for a relatively simple Na-like ion, care has to be taken when applying existing data
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RecombinationRecombination rate rate coefficientscoefficients ofof FeFe15+15+RecombinationRecombination rate rate coefficientscoefficients ofof FeFe15+15+
Murakami et al. 2006 Arnaud Raymond 1992 Brooks et al. 1988 Isler et al. 1982G et al 2004cm
3 /s )
10-10Gu et al. 2004 ADAS (Z. Altun) TSR experiment
ent
( c
coef
ficie
10-11 Fe15+
Rat
e c
104 105 106 107
Plasma temperature ( K )
Even for a relatively simple Na like ion care
Plasma temperature ( K )
Even for a relatively simple Na-like ion, care has to be taken when applying existing data
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RecombinationRecombination ofof AuAu25+25+ ( 4f( 4f8 8 ))RecombinationRecombination ofof AuAu25+25+ ( 4f( 4f8 8 ))H
Hoffknecht et al., J. Phys. B 31, 2415 (1998)
Huge crosssections
no individual10
s-1 )
no individual resonancesin spite of highresolution60
80
0-8 c
m3
Flambaum et al. 2002
resolution
new theoreticalaccess to be
40
cien
t ( 1
access to bedeveloped*5
0
20
e co
effic
*See e.g. Flambaum et al.
Electron recombination
0.0 0.1 0.20
eam
s ra
te
with multicharged ions via chaotic many-electron states
Phys Rev A 660
erge
d be
Phys. Rev. A 66, 012713 (2002)0 20 40 60 80M
e
Electron-ion collision energy ( eV )
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Data Data situationsituationData Data situationsituation
TheoreticalTheoretical predictionspredictions forfor
ionizationionization andand recombinationrecombination
ofof complexcomplex manymany--electronelectron ionsionspp yy
such such asas WWqq++ ( ( withwith q << Z ) q << Z )
li blli blareare veryvery unreliableunreliable..
Experiments are needed to test and to guideExperiments are needed to test and to guide
theoretical approaches
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Available experimental cross section data for
electron-impact ionization of Wq+
Single ionization: q=1,…,10Double ionization: q=1,…,6Triple ionization: q=1,…,4
photoionization of Wq+photoionization of Wq
Single ionization: q=0
electron ion recombination of Wq+electron-ion recombination of Wq
no absolute cross section measurements available
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ElectronElectron--impact impact ionizationionization ofof WW1+1+ElectronElectron--impact impact ionizationionization ofof WW1+1+
30
)
20
25
17 c
m2 )
15
20
n (
10-
10
σ for W1+ sec
tion
0
5σ
1,2for W
Stenke et al. 1995 Montague & Harrison 1984C
ross
10 100 1000
0
Electron-ion collision energy ( eV )Electron ion collision energy ( eV )
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Outline Outline Outline Outline
I. IntroductionI. Introduction
II. Electron-ion recombinationexperimental status what can be done what has to be done
III Photoionization of ionsIII. Photoionization of ions
IV. Electron impact ionization of ionIV. Electron impact ionization of ion
V. Outlook and plans
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Storage ring Storage ring experimentsexperimentsStorage ring Storage ring experimentsexperiments
TSR CRYRINGTSR Heidelberg
CRYRING Stockholm
ESR at GSI Darmstadt
ca. 15 m
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The The storagestorage ring TSRring TSRThe The storagestorage ring TSRring TSR
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ComparisonComparison ofof advancedadvanced theorytheory withwith experimentsexperimentsComparisonComparison ofof advancedadvanced theorytheory withwith experimentsexperiments
e- + C3+(1s2 2s) → C2+(1s2 2p 4l) → C2+(1s2 2s2) + photons
5 4d 3 D
F
MBPTheory Lindroth CRYRING S. Mannervik et al, PRL 81 (1998) 313 TSR S. Schippers et al., ApJ 555 (2001)
cm-3/s
)
4
2p
, 2p
4f 1 F
(10-1
0 c
3
2p 4
f 3 F,
on ra
te
1
2
d 1 P
4f 3 G
4d 3 P
2p 4
f 3 D
mbi
natio
0
1
2p 4
d
2p 42p 2
Rec
om
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
Electron energy (eV)
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DielectronicDielectronicrecombinarecombina--DielectronicDielectronicrecombinarecombina-- Fe17+ Fe18+
tiontion of Fe Lof Fe L--shell ions: shell ions: tiontion of Fe Lof Fe L--shell ions: shell ions: a joint a joint USUS--German German a joint a joint USUS--German German project for project for astrophysicsastrophysicsproject for project for astrophysicsastrophysics Fe19+ Fe20+
Columbia-Astrophysics Laboratory
Fe22+Fe21+
Laboratory
Justus-Liebig-Universität Fe22FeGiessen
Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
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ConclusionsConclusions so so farfarConclusionsConclusions so so farfar
Merged-beam electron-ion recombination experiments deliver high-accuracy data
Atoms of all elements in any given charge stateare accessible at ion storage ringsare accessible at ion storage rings
State of the art theory provides goodpredictions for light few-electron ions
For complex ions the theory situation is notFor complex ions the theory situation is not satisfying; new theoretical approaches to recombination of many-electron ions have to b d l dbe developed
Only experiments can guide such developmentsOnly experiments can guide such developments
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Outline Outline Outline Outline
I. IntroductionI. Introduction
II. Electron-ion recombination
III. Photoionization of ions
IV. Electron impact ionization of ions
V. Outlook and plans
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Time‘sTime‘s arrowarrowTime‘sTime‘s arrowarrow
recombination
e-Aq+ [ A(q-1)+ ]**
A(q-1)+
photoionization
e- Aq+[ A(q-1)+ ]**
A(q-1)+ [ A(q-1)+ ]**
A(q-1)+ e-ee
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Time Time reversalreversal symmetrysymmetry: : detaileddetailed balancebalanceTime Time reversalreversal symmetrysymmetry: : detaileddetailed balancebalance
Binding energy IAStatistical weight gPI-parent =2
hν + C3+(1s2 2s) C4+(1s2) + e 64 4939 eV
σPI
hν + C3+(1s2 2s) C4+(1s2) + e - 64.4939 eV σRec
Energy Ee = hν - IA
2
2ν
σσ
e
e A
PI parent e A
PI product e e
Rec
PI
E
h E I
g( ) (E I )( ) g E 2m c
−
−= +
+= ⋅
e A PI product e ePI
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PhotoionizationPhotoionization ofof ionsions byby synchrotronsynchrotron radiationradiationPhotoionizationPhotoionization ofof ionsions byby synchrotronsynchrotron radiationradiation
ion source
IAMP in collaboration with R. A. Phaneuf et al., University of Nevada RenoUniversity of Nevada, Reno
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Time Time reversalreversalofof CC3+3+ photophoto--Time Time reversalreversalofof CC3+3+ photophoto-- 0.10
CRYRING datatime reversed
C3+(1s [2s2p 3P] 2P0)dielectronic
DR data: Mannervik et al., PRA 55, 1819 (1997)
ppionizationionization
ppionizationionization
0.10 time reversed ALS data
dielectronic recombinationof C4+(1s2 1S)
( Mb
)
0.05
σ DR (
CRYRING
Two totally different independently absolute
299.5 300.0 300.50.00
E +64.492 eV
CRYRING
independently absolute measurements.
1000 ALS data
resolution 47 meV Voigt-fit
C3+(1s [2s2p 3P] 2P0)photo excitation
Ee 64.492 eV
ALS500
R-matrix calculation resolution 47 meV
Mb
)pof C3+(1s22s 2S)ALS
0
σ PI (
299.5 300.0 300.5Photon energy ( eV )
A. Müller, S. Schippers, R.A. Phaneuf et al.J. Phys. B 42 (2009) 235602
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SummarySummary on on photoionizationphotoionization ofof ionsionsSummarySummary on on photoionizationphotoionization ofof ionsions
complements electron-ion recombination studiescomplements electron ion recombination studies employing detailed balance
hi h l ti iblvery high energy resolution possible
detailed spectroscopy of excited states of ions p pyaccessible
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Outline Outline Outline Outline
I. IntroductionI. Introduction
II. Electron-ion recombination
III. Photoionization of ions
IV. Electron impact ionization of ions
V. Outlook and plans
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ElectronElectron--ion crossedion crossed--beams setup at IAMPbeams setup at IAMPElectronElectron--ion crossedion crossed--beams setup at IAMPbeams setup at IAMPpppp
Versatile apparatus for studying atomicfor studying atomic collisions
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ElectronElectron--ion crossedion crossed--beams setup at IAMPbeams setup at IAMPElectronElectron--ion crossedion crossed--beams setup at IAMPbeams setup at IAMP
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ElectronElectron--ionion interactioninteraction regionregionElectronElectron--ionion interactioninteraction regionregion
energy-defining
collector
gy gelectrode
ionscathode
ions
electron current: 450 mA at 1 keV
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IonizationIonization ofof complexcomplex ionsions: Xe: Xe2+2+IonizationIonization ofof complexcomplex ionsions: Xe: Xe2+2+
Xe2+(4d105s25p4)
A. Borovik et al., work in progress
150
Xe (4d 5s 5p )
18 c
m2 )
n ( x
10-1
100
sect
ion
50 Giessen absoluteC
ross
0
Giessen energy scan
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 1802000
Electron energy ( eV )
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IonizationIonization ofof complexcomplex ionsions: Xe: Xe2+2+IonizationIonization ofof complexcomplex ionsions: Xe: Xe2+2+
Xe2+(4d105s25p4)
A. Borovik et al., work in progress
150
Xe (4d 5s 5p )
18 c
m2 )
n ( x
10-1
100
sect
ion
50 Giessen absoluteC
ross
0
Giessen energy scan Lotz 3-parameter formula
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 1802000
Electron energy ( eV )
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IonizationIonization ofof complexcomplex ionsions: Xe: Xe2+2+IonizationIonization ofof complexcomplex ionsions: Xe: Xe2+2+
Xe2+(4d105s25p4)
A. Borovik et al., work in progress
150
Xe (4d 5s 5p )
18 c
m2 )
100n ( x
10-1
100
sect
ion
50 Giessen absoluteGiessen energy scanC
ross
0
gy CADW Loch et al. 2008
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180200
Electron energy ( eV )
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AssumptionsAssumptions, , expectationsexpectations, , generalgeneral wisdomwisdomAssumptionsAssumptions, , expectationsexpectations, , generalgeneral wisdomwisdom
Theory is expected to provide better predictions for more hi hl h d i i i l t ihighly charged ions in an iso-electronic sequence
DW calculations for the direct and the excitation-autoionization contributions should be good for highly g g ycharged ions
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IonizationIonization ofof XeXe22+22+IonizationIonization ofof XeXe22+22+
1 0
1.2 DW direct Mandelbaum et al.DW direct + EA
)
0.8
1.0 DW direct EA0-1
8 cm
2 )
0.6
on (
x10
0.4
ss s
ectio
0 0
0.2
Cro
s
700 800 900 1000
0.0
El t i lli i ( V )Electron-ion collision energy ( eV )
P. Mandelbaum, M. Cohen, J.L. Schwob, A. Bar-Shalom, EPJD 33, 213 (2005)
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IonizationIonization ofof XeXe22+22+IonizationIonization ofof XeXe22+22+
1 0
1.2 DW direct Mandelbaum et al.DW direct + EA
)
A. Borovik et al., work in progress
0.8
1.0 DW direct EA Giessen absolute Giessen scan
0-18 c
m2 )
0.6
on (
x10
0.4
ss s
ectio
0 0
0.2
Cro
s
700 800 900 1000
0.0
El t i lli i ( V )Electron-ion collision energy ( eV )
Similar discrepancies found for other highly charged ions
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ImportanceImportance ofof multiple multiple ionizationionizationImportanceImportance ofof multiple multiple ionizationionizationA B ik t l k i
Xe2+
A. Borovik et al., work in progress
10-16
single ionization)Xe
g
n ( c
m2
sect
ion
double ionization
10-17
Cro
ss double ionization
10-17
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Electron energy ( eV )
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ConclusionConclusion on on electronelectron--impactimpact singlesingle ionizationionizationConclusionConclusion on on electronelectron--impactimpact singlesingle ionizationionization
Present state of the art theory can predictcross sections fordirect single ionization of few-electron ionswith high accuracy
Present state of the art theory has difficulties topredict single ionization of complex manypredict single ionization of complex many-electron ions where excitation-autoionizationprocesses prevailp p
There is no theory for multiple ionizationof complex ions
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Summary so Summary so farfarSummary so Summary so farfar
Total cross sections for single ionization and for recombinationgas well as for photoionization of few-electron ions are quitewell understood; theoretical data of benchmark quality are (becoming) availablefor few-electron systems
Understanding of collisions and structure of complex ionsis not satisfyingy g
Experiments with complex many-electron systems are required to test and to guide theoretical approachesrequired to test and to guide theoretical approaches
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Outline Outline Outline Outline
I. IntroductionI. Introduction
II. Electron-ion recombination
III. Photoionization of ions
IV. Electron impact ionization of ions
V. Outlook and plans
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Plans Plans forfor thethe futurefuture: : recombinationrecombination ofof WWqq+ + ionsionsusingusing storagestorage ringsrings
Plans Plans forfor thethe futurefuture: : recombinationrecombination ofof WWqq+ + ionsionsusingusing storagestorage ringsringsgg gg gggg gg gg
TSR ion storage ringTSR ion storage ring in Heidelberg
unique facility withunique facility with optimal features for the purpose
cooler plustarget
excellent energy gyresolution
q up to 50q up to 50 reached
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RecombinationRecombination ofof WW20+ 20+ ionsions atat thethe TSR TSR storagestorage ringringRecombinationRecombination ofof WW20+ 20+ ionsions atat thethe TSR TSR storagestorage ringring
S. Schippers et al., in preparation
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Plans Plans forfor thethe futurefuture: : photoionizationphotoionization ofof WWqq+ + ionsionsusingusing synchrotronsynchrotron radiationradiation
Plans Plans forfor thethe futurefuture: : photoionizationphotoionization ofof WWqq+ + ionsionsusingusing synchrotronsynchrotron radiationradiationgg yygg yy
photons
Photon-ion spectrometer at PETRA III: PIPE
highest brilliance cwhighest brilliance cw synchrotron radiation up to 3 keV 1012 s-1 per 0 01% b w
2m
10 s per 0.01% b.w.
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First First resultsresults on on photoionizationphotoionization ofof WWqq+ + ionsionsobtainedobtained atat thethe ALS in BerkeleyALS in Berkeley
First First resultsresults on on photoionizationphotoionization ofof WWqq+ + ionsionsobtainedobtained atat thethe ALS in BerkeleyALS in Berkeleyyyyy
A. Müller, S. Schippers, A.L.D. Kilcoyne, preliminary results
400
ts) W3+ → W4+
100 meV res10 meV step
400
300
arb.
uni
300
200
ctio
n (a 51.5 52.0 52.5 53.0
100
ross
sec
0
Cr
35 40 45 50 55 60 65
Nominal photon energy (eV)
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Plans Plans forfor thethe futurefuture: : electronelectron--impactimpact singlesingle andandmultiple multiple ionizationionization ofof WWqq+ + ionsions
Plans Plans forfor thethe futurefuture: : electronelectron--impactimpact singlesingle andandmultiple multiple ionizationionization ofof WWqq+ + ionsionspppp
New versatile high power, high energy electron gun
high electron currents observed:1A at 3 keV
electron energieselectron energies beyond 6 keV accessible
no other electron-ion experiment in the world canthe world can compete with respect to sensitivity and energy resolution.
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ElectricalElectrical currentscurrents ofof isotopeisotope--resolvedresolved WWqq+ + ionsionsfromfrom an allan all--permanentpermanent--magnetmagnet ECR ECR sourcesourceElectricalElectrical currentscurrents ofof isotopeisotope--resolvedresolved WWqq+ + ionsionsfromfrom an allan all--permanentpermanent--magnetmagnet ECR ECR sourcesourcepp ggpp gg
30C+O2+
25W18+ W17+
W16+
20
( nA
)
W20+
W19+ W16+
15+
optimizedfor
15
urre
nt
W21+
W15+
5
10
Ion
cu
W22+
W
0
5W23+
1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800 1850
Magnetic field ( G )
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HighestHighest chargecharge statesstates ofof WWqq+ + ionsions observedobservedHighestHighest chargecharge statesstates ofof WWqq+ + ionsions observedobserved0 8 Ne3+ N2+
0.8
82 184
W25+
0.005
86
A=1
84 AW29+
=182
0.6
18
186
A)
A=1A
A=1
83
W
A=
0.4 183
W26+
ent (
nA
1300 1305 1310 13150.000
184
186
W28+ W27+
n cu
rre
0.218
2
8383
183
183
184
84
184
86 86
186
W28+
W29+Ion
82
1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1400 14200.0
1818 118 1 118
1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1400 1420
Magnetic field ( G )
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First First resultsresults on on electronelectron--impactimpact ionizationionization ofof WW17+ 17+
ionsions obtainedobtained in in GiessenGiessenFirst First resultsresults on on electronelectron--impactimpact ionizationionization ofof WW17+ 17+
ionsions obtainedobtained in in GiessenGiessen
17+ 18+
J. Rausch, K. Spruck, A. Becker, K. Huber, S. Schippers, A. Müller, preliminary results
3.00 e + W17+ → W18+ + 2e
cm2 )
2.00( 10-1
8 c
energy scan measurement
sect
ion
1.00energy scan measurement
absolute cross sectionsionization thresholds:
Kramida & ShiraiS fi ld
Cro
ss s
0.00
Scofield Carlson et al.
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Electron-ion collision energy ( eV )
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CooperationCooperationIAMP, Giessen Collaboration of IAMP with:IAMP, GiessenPresent group members
Alfred Müller
Atomic Physics Groups atGSI, DarmstadtMPI-K, Heidelberg
Stefan SchippersKurt HuberSandor Ricz
MPI K, HeidelbergUniversity of StockholmPhysics Department, University of Nevada, Reno
Carsten BrandauAlexander BorovikDietrich Bernhardt
,Columbia University, Astronomy& Astrophysics, New York
Scientific Support Groups atKristof HolsteJan RudolphKatrin MüllerK ij S k
TSR, MPI-K, HeidelbergESR, GSI, DarmstadtALS, LBL, Berkeley
Kaija SpruckJosephina WernerArno BeckerJ H llh d
Atomic Theory Groups atGiessen UniversityUniversity of StockholmU i it f St th l dJonas Hellhund
Joachim RauschUniversity of StrathclydeQueen‘s University, BelfastAuburn UniversityCurtin University PerthCurtin University, Perth
And others occasionally