immigration & language history americanization past & present
TRANSCRIPT
Immigration & Language HistoryAmericanization Past & Present
Immigration Waves in the U.S.
Colonial Era
1st Wave – 1820 to 1870 “Old Immigrants”
2nd Wave – 1880 to 1920 “New Immigrants”
3rd Wave – 1965- Present
“Tenuous Beginnings”
Immigrants “Americans”
Early Language Policy
“Americanization & Acculturation”
U.S. welcomed the labor but were uncomfortable with “differences”
“Melting Pot” Ideology was formed
The New Immigrants
Hart-Cellar Immigration Act of 1965
1970 – foreign-born people constituted 13%, today they constitute 14.8%
5 million U.S. children live in households in which at least 1 of the parents is unauthorized, and that 2 million of these children are themselves unauthorized.
Immigration Flow
Legal Unauthorized
Types of Immigration (2009)
The New Immigrant
Who is the transnational citizen?
Transnational practices not new:
- Bracero Accord (1952-1964)
- Immigration Reform & Control Act of 1986
The Value of Language
“Language is a great force of socialization…potent symbol of the social solidarity of those who speak the language” (Edward Sapir)
Language influences the way we make sense of the human experience (p. 71)
Language is a mechanism of intra-group communication and representation (p. 71)
Language is the “cultural software” through which group members attach and intuit meaning and give shape to their practices (p. 71)
Language Rights & History
Parental Rights & educational pluralism (Meyer v. Nebraska, Pierce v. Society of Sisters, Farrington V. Tokushige)
Brown v. Board of Education
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
Bilingual Education Act of 1968 (Title VII of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act)
Lau v. Nichols
Lau Remedies
Lau Remedies
Language Policy Trends
References
Salomone, R. (2010). True American: Language, identity, and the education of immigrant children. Harvard University Press.
Cardenas, J. (19776). Lau Remedies Outlined. Intercultural Development Research Association, San Antonio, TX.
Language Rights (Public Television excerpts)
Internet Images