image processing. digital image processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 r. c. gonzalez & r. e. woods...

Image ProcessingImage Processing

Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed.www.imageprocessingbook.com

© 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

Chapter 1IntroductionChapter 1Introduction



Digital Image ProcessingDigital Image Processing

• What is digital image processing (DIP)?– Digital images:

• A pixel has a location (the spatial coordinate) and a value.

• Digital images can be from many types of sources.

– Digital image processing• Digital image processing is closely related to signal

processing at one end, and to computer vision at the other end.



Computer VisionComputer Vision

– Computer vision:• Computer vision is concerned with making computers

“understand” what is contained in an image and other functions of human vision.

• It is sometimes considered to be a topic of artificial intelligence.

• However, it is not possible to state exactly where image processing ends and computer vision begins.

• If you compare a digital image processing book and a computer vision book, you will find a lot of overlap.



Examples of Fields That Use Digital Image ProcessingExamples of Fields That Use Digital Image Processing

• Energy of one photon



Gamma-Ray ImagingGamma-Ray Imaging

• Figure 1.6 (a) shows an image if a complete bone scan obtained by using gamma-ray imaging.

• Figure 1.6 (b) shows a tumor (腫瘤 ) in the brain and one in the lung.

• Figure 1.6 (c) shows the Cygnus Loop (天鵝座星雲 ) imaged in the gamma-ray band.

• Figure 1.6 (d) shows an image of gamma radiation from a valve ( 閥 ) in a nuclear reactor(原子爐 ).



•X-ray Imaging•X-ray Imaging

• Figure 1.7 (a) : Chest X-ray (胸部 x 光 ).

• Figure 1.7 (b) : Aortic angiogram (大主動脈的血管造影 ).

• Figure 1.7 (c) : Head CAT (腦部斷層攝影 ).

• Figure 1.7 (d) : Circuit boards.

• Figure 1.7 (e) : Cygnus Loop imaged in the X-ray band.



Imaging in the Ultraviolet BandImaging in the Ultraviolet Band

• Figure 1.8 (a) : normal corn (正常的玉米 )

• Figure 1.8 (b) : smut corn (害上黑穗病的玉米 )

• Figure 1.8 (c) : Cygnus Loop imaged in the ultraviolet band.



Imaging in the Visible and Infrared BandsImaging in the Visible and Infrared Bands

• Figure 1.9 (a) : Taxol (泰克索，一種抗癌藥物 )

• Figure 1.9 (b) : Cholesterol (膽固醇 )

• Figure 1.9 (c) : Microprocessor (放大 60倍 )

• Figure 1.9 (d) : Nickel oxide thin film (鎳氧化物薄膜 )

• Figure 1.9 (e) : Surface of audio CD (放大 1750倍 )

• Figure 1.9 (f) : Organic superconductor (有機超導體 )



Thematic Bands in NASA’s LANDSAT SatelliteThematic Bands in NASA’s LANDSAT Satellite



LANDSAT Satellite ImagesLANDSAT Satellite Images



Imaging in the Visible and Infrared BandsImaging in the Visible and Infrared Bands



Infrared ImagingInfrared Imaging



Imaging in the Microwave BandImaging in the Microwave Band



Imaging in the Radio BandMRI: magnetic resonance imagingImaging in the Radio BandMRI: magnetic resonance imaging



Imaging in the Radio BandImaging in the Radio Band

PS. Crab Pulsar: 巨蟹座脈衝星



Other Examples Other Examples



Other ExamplesOther Examples



Fundamental Steps in Digital Image ProcessingFundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing



Fundamental Steps in Digital Image ProcessingFundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing

• Image acquisition: Chapter 2• Image enhancement: Chapters 3, 4• Image restoration: Chapter 5(skip)• Color image processing: Chapter 6• Wavelets: Chapter 7 (skip)• Compression: Chapter 8 (skip)• Morphological processing: Chapter 9• Image segmentation: Chapter 10• Representation and description: Chapter 11• Object recognition: Chapter 12



Components of an Image Processing SystemComponents of an Image Processing System

image processing. digital image processing, 2nd ed. © 2002 r. c. gonzalez & r. e. woods...

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