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Page 1: Image Capture. X-Ray X-Ray Generation Film Can be exposed directly to x-ray, but sensitivity is very low Nitrate – 1910s to 1930s Acetate – 1920s to

Image Capture

Page 2: Image Capture. X-Ray X-Ray Generation Film Can be exposed directly to x-ray, but sensitivity is very low Nitrate – 1910s to 1930s Acetate – 1920s to

X-Ray

Page 3: Image Capture. X-Ray X-Ray Generation Film Can be exposed directly to x-ray, but sensitivity is very low Nitrate – 1910s to 1930s Acetate – 1920s to

X-Ray Generation

Page 4: Image Capture. X-Ray X-Ray Generation Film Can be exposed directly to x-ray, but sensitivity is very low Nitrate – 1910s to 1930s Acetate – 1920s to

Film

Can be exposed directly to x-ray, but sensitivity is very low

• Nitrate – 1910s to 1930s• Acetate – 1920s to mid 1960s• Polyester – mid 1950s to present

TopcoatEmulsionAdhesive

Base

Page 5: Image Capture. X-Ray X-Ray Generation Film Can be exposed directly to x-ray, but sensitivity is very low Nitrate – 1910s to 1930s Acetate – 1920s to

Intensifying Screens

Intensifying Screen

Intensifying Screen

Intensifies available x-ray light

X-rays

Page 6: Image Capture. X-Ray X-Ray Generation Film Can be exposed directly to x-ray, but sensitivity is very low Nitrate – 1910s to 1930s Acetate – 1920s to

Film PACS

Film is the detector and storage…..“The PACS”

Page 7: Image Capture. X-Ray X-Ray Generation Film Can be exposed directly to x-ray, but sensitivity is very low Nitrate – 1910s to 1930s Acetate – 1920s to

Digital Imaging

• Ultrasound

• Nuclear Medicine

• Computed Tomography

• Magnetic Resonance

Page 8: Image Capture. X-Ray X-Ray Generation Film Can be exposed directly to x-ray, but sensitivity is very low Nitrate – 1910s to 1930s Acetate – 1920s to

Computed Radiography

Digital Image Capture

Page 9: Image Capture. X-Ray X-Ray Generation Film Can be exposed directly to x-ray, but sensitivity is very low Nitrate – 1910s to 1930s Acetate – 1920s to

• Expose plate

• Drop into Reader

• PMT scans plate

• Converts to Digital

• Sends to monitor

Secondary Capture DR

CR is Digital

Digital Image Capture - CR

Page 10: Image Capture. X-Ray X-Ray Generation Film Can be exposed directly to x-ray, but sensitivity is very low Nitrate – 1910s to 1930s Acetate – 1920s to

Imaging PlateExcited Phosphor High Energy

Low Energy

X-ray Energy

Digital Image Capture - CR

Page 11: Image Capture. X-Ray X-Ray Generation Film Can be exposed directly to x-ray, but sensitivity is very low Nitrate – 1910s to 1930s Acetate – 1920s to

High Energy

Low Energy

Laser Scanning

Creating Visible Light, Digital Capture

Excited Phosphor

Digital Image Capture - CR

Page 12: Image Capture. X-Ray X-Ray Generation Film Can be exposed directly to x-ray, but sensitivity is very low Nitrate – 1910s to 1930s Acetate – 1920s to

High Energy

Low Energy

Bright White Light

Excited Phosphor

Digital Image Capture - CR

Page 13: Image Capture. X-Ray X-Ray Generation Film Can be exposed directly to x-ray, but sensitivity is very low Nitrate – 1910s to 1930s Acetate – 1920s to

Flat Panel Detector

Digital Image Capture

Page 14: Image Capture. X-Ray X-Ray Generation Film Can be exposed directly to x-ray, but sensitivity is very low Nitrate – 1910s to 1930s Acetate – 1920s to

Image Capture - DR

• Flat Panel Detector

• Image info captured

• Converts to Digital

• Sends to monitor

DR is Digital

Page 15: Image Capture. X-Ray X-Ray Generation Film Can be exposed directly to x-ray, but sensitivity is very low Nitrate – 1910s to 1930s Acetate – 1920s to

TFT Array

CsI

Photodiode

X-rays

TFT Array

GOS

Photodiode

X-rays

Discussion of CsI vs. GOS

Csi focuses scintillator light to TFT

High Image quality

GOs scatters produced light to TFT causing reduced image quality

Flat Panel Technology - Cross Section

Page 16: Image Capture. X-Ray X-Ray Generation Film Can be exposed directly to x-ray, but sensitivity is very low Nitrate – 1910s to 1930s Acetate – 1920s to

Technology Review

Page 17: Image Capture. X-Ray X-Ray Generation Film Can be exposed directly to x-ray, but sensitivity is very low Nitrate – 1910s to 1930s Acetate – 1920s to

Flat Panel Technology - Cross Section

Page 18: Image Capture. X-Ray X-Ray Generation Film Can be exposed directly to x-ray, but sensitivity is very low Nitrate – 1910s to 1930s Acetate – 1920s to

Digital Image Capture - Flat Panel

8 Million

X-ray Energy

High Energy

Low Energy

Page 19: Image Capture. X-Ray X-Ray Generation Film Can be exposed directly to x-ray, but sensitivity is very low Nitrate – 1910s to 1930s Acetate – 1920s to

High Energy

Low Energy

X-ray Energy

8 Million

Digital Image Capture - Flat Panel

Page 20: Image Capture. X-Ray X-Ray Generation Film Can be exposed directly to x-ray, but sensitivity is very low Nitrate – 1910s to 1930s Acetate – 1920s to

Digital Radiography

Performance

Page 21: Image Capture. X-Ray X-Ray Generation Film Can be exposed directly to x-ray, but sensitivity is very low Nitrate – 1910s to 1930s Acetate – 1920s to

4096

Imaging Performance

Digital R

eceptors

Page 22: Image Capture. X-Ray X-Ray Generation Film Can be exposed directly to x-ray, but sensitivity is very low Nitrate – 1910s to 1930s Acetate – 1920s to

4096

Speed

Digital R

eceptors

Page 23: Image Capture. X-Ray X-Ray Generation Film Can be exposed directly to x-ray, but sensitivity is very low Nitrate – 1910s to 1930s Acetate – 1920s to

Digital Radiography

Page 24: Image Capture. X-Ray X-Ray Generation Film Can be exposed directly to x-ray, but sensitivity is very low Nitrate – 1910s to 1930s Acetate – 1920s to

Image Generation - Today

Using 100 yr old technology……Vacuum Tubes

• Heats a negatively charged metal filament to1000º C• Combination of heat and charge releases electrons• Strikes a positively charged electrode• X-rays created by the energy of the impact

Page 25: Image Capture. X-Ray X-Ray Generation Film Can be exposed directly to x-ray, but sensitivity is very low Nitrate – 1910s to 1930s Acetate – 1920s to

Image Generation - Future

Electron Field Emission

• A myriad of carbon nano-tubes on a platform

• Compact source of x-rays that can be controlled with great precision, built into an array

• Each element programmed to fire when required

Page 26: Image Capture. X-Ray X-Ray Generation Film Can be exposed directly to x-ray, but sensitivity is very low Nitrate – 1910s to 1930s Acetate – 1920s to

Thank You


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