ilo - gender and decent rural emloyment_disc

8/22/2019 ILO - Gender and Decent Rural Emloyment_disc

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ADB-FAO-WOCAN Regional High-Level Consultation onGender, Food Security and Nutrition Ensuring the Other Half Equal

24-26 July 2013, Bangkok

en er an ecen wor n rura

development: ILO guidelines and tools fors ra eg c,equitable and evidence-informed national

po c es an n erven ons

Nelien Has els

1

International Labour Office, Bangkok

The views expressed in this paper are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or thegovernments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The countries listed in thispaper do not imply any view on ADB's part as to sovereignty or independent status or necessarily conform to ADB's terminology.


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Issues for discussion

Challenges

ILO decent work agenda in the rural economy

G-equality & decent work in rural development: Evidence, guiding principles and strategies

Equal rural employment and incomes

Social protection for rural populations Safe work in rural areas

Social dialogue and organizing

u ng equa ty expert se

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Challenges - 1

Rural economy: Large share of total employment indeveloping and emerging economies but:

Emerging exi e an casua emp oyment re ations intraditional and non-traditional agricultural export(NTAE) jobs in agri-business and industry

Difficulty of self-employed small farmers to earn aliving wage

underemployment in other regions

Negative effects of world food crises, unsustainable

,speculation in agricultural trade on rural poor &disproportionally on rural women and girls due to

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gen er norms an ro es


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Challenges - 2

Significant decent work challenges for rural womenand men but more pronounced for rural women:

In Sout an East Asia s are o agricu ture inwomens employment significantly higher than inmens

Most rural women workers: Unpaid familyworkers or self-employed, exposed to low incomes& casual low roductivit obs in narrow ran e offemale-dominated occupations

Time poverty: Longer working hours for rural

Gender pay gap: Rural womens wages paid onaverage 25% less than men

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Gen er inequities in access to e ucation, training

and services (financial, business and technicalsupport)


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Challenges 3

High incidence of child labour among girls and boysand out migration of male and female youth

Care wor an ami y uties a main y on women:Pregnancy and family responsibilities - considerableemployment discrimination

Lack of social protection increases womens careburdens

economic activity and not included in GDP andemployment statistics

Lack of agency and representation among rural poorwo/men in decision making

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ILOs decent work agenda

Decent work is work undertaken in conditions offreedom, equity, security and human dignity

Decent wor agen a is an integrate pac age o mu ti-sectoral support services to promote: Ri hts at work

Fair and productive employment and income for

women and men

Social dialogue and right to organize

Gender e ualit and non-discrimination are

crosscutting priorities

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ILO priority: Decent work in rural economy

1 of 8 Areas of Critical Importance from 2013onwards

New programme to ena e wor ing poor in rura areasto improve their productivity and incomes throughboth agricultural and non-agricultural work

ILO support to constituents governments, employersand workers organizations and other partners tocollect evidence and build ca acit in line withinternational labour standards to promote:

More productive small farms, including

Start-ups and expansion of non-agriculturalbusinesses

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Emp oyment-intensive in rastructure investments

Social protection to small-holders & micro-enter rises


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G-equality & decent work in rural development - 1

Fight hunger and food insecurity through job-rich, equitablegrowth: Evidence: Wo/men can work themselves out ofpover y

Equality essential tool for achieving higherproductivity and growth not a luxury that must waitunti t e economy as een eve ope

When women and men receive the same levels ofeducation ex erience and farm in uts there are nosignificant differences in male and female farmersproductivity

employment outcomes unless accompanied by highereducation and better access to assets Avoid

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Work to live or live to work?


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Guiding principles based on good practices:

Decent work and gender equality integrated ineconomic, emp oyment an socia po icies t rouggender mainstreaming and gender-specific measuresto close gaps:

Action based on gender analysis: Informed evidencefor tailor made support

beneficiaries but agents of economic transformation:

Consultation, participation, ownership and

Enhance womens voice, representation andagency in decision making in the family,

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community, wor p ace & at a governance eve s

& mechanisms


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Strategies based on good practices:

Multi-sectoral, integrated & equitable economic and

inclusion Sensitize women and men at all intervention levels to

gen er an equa y ssues engen er a ns u ons

Tackle all grounds of discrimination (sex, race,

ethnicity, colour, social origin, religion) at the sametime, as wo men ave to cope wit cumu ativedisadvantage due to multiple forms of discrimination

In e ualit we trust rotection onl if we must:

Adequate protection of reproductive rights andfunctions of women and men

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Rights for rural workers 1

Ratification and application ofinternational labourstandards in sound national laws and regulations in

ractice:

Fundamental principles and rights at work: Elimination of discrimination in employment and

occupa on, an equa remunera on or wor oequal value C 100 & 111

Prohibition of child and forced labour Freedom of association and the right to organize

Adequate maternity protection and measures for

Standards related to wage protection, human resourcedevelopment, social security, safety and health, labour

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nspec on, coopera ves, en erpr se eve opmen ,

private employment agencies, indigenous peoples,domestic work


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Rights for rural workers 2

Practical measures for promoting sound national laws andregulations in practice:

Deve opment an en orcement o equita e et icastandards, codes of conduct and decent work in agro-industries

Raising awareness and competencies of all rural femaleand male workers on the essential human workers,womens and child ri hts in s ecific rural areas

Capacity development, policy advocacy andpartnerships between and among relevant government

,

Ensure effective compliance and monitoringmechanisms, eg labour inspectorate, legal aid services

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Reproductive rights for rural workers 3

Maternity protection and reconciliation of work-familyare crucial to achieve gender equality in rural areas. Vitalmeasures:

Adequate maternity protection for all rural women tosafeguard the health and economic security of womenan t eir c i ren

Promote more equal sharing of paid and unpaidwork between women and men: Engage fathers in all parental support programmes

and avoid targeting mothers only

facilities

Support to (unpaid) family care for the disabled,

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e er y an ot er epen ants

Encourage work-family balance measures inwork laces for wo/men


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Equal rural employment and incomes - 1

Gender equitable employment creation:

Stimulate higher value-added rural activities in-

gender concerns into capital investment, humanresource and market development, price control of

Reduce constraints in access to land, finance, market

information and technology ensuring womensequ a e access o an con ro over asse s

Enhance rural infrastructure reducing workloads ofwomen and men in labour intensive household work

Invest in gender equitable quality education & training,financial & technical services

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external shocks and provide core public goods


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Education and skills development in rural areas:

Analysis of any gender inequalities at all stages and levels ofe ucation & training & esign gen er-responsive a our supp ymeasures geared at gainful work: Aim: Basic & advanced relevant ualit education for all

Address harmful occupational segregation by sex,

channeling wo/men into a narrow range of suitable jobs, ,green technology & enterprise development

Gender parity: Ensure all girls/boys complete education

Curricula, free from gender bias Practical measures eg female trainers, gender training for all

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aid

Life-long learning: Retraining during life-cycle


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Enterprise development:

Build enabling environment for womens- ,

regulatory processes, gender mainstreaming in allentrepreneurial business development & targeted-

enterprise decision making

Strengthen networking and advocacy on womenen repreneurs p an suppor women s groupformation and representation

Improve rural womens entrepreneurial skills and

increase gen er-responsive inancia an usinessservices

In trade olicies: Avoid market distortions in favour of

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male, urban, large-scale entrepreneurs

Integration of women entrepreneurs in growth


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Agricultural value chain development (VCD):

Enabling environment for pro-poor and pro-women

Gender analysis & women specific action in private sectorinitiatives eg in CSR (corporate social responsibility), fairra e or consumer ac on

Womens participation in producer and workers

organizations and in decision making processes Reduce gender inequalities in modern agricultural VCDs

Reduce entry barriers for women farmers and

Improve womens returns in traditional value chains &respect food security choices of producers

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Rein orce agricu tura eve opment measures wit socia

policies and services to protect the poor and reducegender inequalities among them


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Gender equality in rural infrastructure works:

Design and implement gender-sensitive public works

decisions on the type of infrastructure works Consult women on the type of work they can do, as the

range o o s can ranscen e ra ona gen er a ourdivisions

Decent work standards for all, eg equal pay for work ofequa va ue

Use targeted gender strategies and expertise, eg consult onreferred a ment in kind food or cash ender trainin

for all, extra training for women, women-only workcrews (if needed), advertize jobs in media accessible towomen

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Gender-sensitive small rural contractor procurement

Ensure womens voice and representation in community


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Social protection for rural populations -

Gender equitable extension of the social protection floor(essential health care and basic income security paid by

ublic funds in rural areas:

Improve gender equality in access to quality basicservices (education, health and child care, maternity

Adequate maternity protection crucial in any food

security and hunger eradication initiative Use a gen er ens in esign an avoi negative

unintended gender effects of practical measures

Pro ressive extension of ender e uitable social securit :

Priority for protection against occupational accidentsand diseases special protection for single adult

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Eliminate discriminatory measures in social security, egbenefits only to male head of household


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Safe work in rural areas

Rural occupational safety and health (OSH):

Include agriculture in national OSH policies and

Strengthen OSH provisions in rural workplaces withexplicit attention to occupational hazards inagr cu ure or g -r s rura o s

Introduce rural workers and families to practical

measures to improve safety, health and workingcon itions see ILO we site on WIND

Prevent and redress violence and (sexual) harassmentin workplaces

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Con uct gen er-sensitive HIV programmes


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Social dialogue and organizing

Inclusion of rural gender concerns and food securityon social dialogue agendas and in social dialogue

mec an sms e ween governmen , emp oyers an

workers organizations Enhance womens voice, representation and agency

in socia ia ogue mec anisms an ecision ma ing

Increase the engagement and outreach to women byem lo ers workers and other membershi -basedorganizations eg cooperatives

Promote womens participation and leadership in-

Ensure freedom of association and the right to freelyjoin organizations of their own choice among rural

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wor ers


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Building equality expertise

Gender equality advocacy, building commitment andexpertise, allocation ofbudget & good governance byrura wo men among po cy ma ers an mp emen ers

Increasing agency and representation of rural womenin social dialogue and bargaining on economic, socialan emp oyment po icies

Create, invest in and utilize centers of genderex ertise in food securit and in rural areas amongovernment, universities and in civil society coveringrural populations

and/or human rights commissions to ruralemployment and rural areas

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Thank you & Resources

WFAOIFADILOGenderandruralemploymentpolicybriefsandreport

http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/ed_emp/documents/publication/wcms_159106.pdf

Womenandlabour marketsinAsia:Rebalancin for endere ualithttp://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/asia/ro

bangkok/documents/publication/wcms_154846.pdfEqualityandnondiscriminationinEastandSouthAsia:GuideandExerciseBook

http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/asia/robangkok/srobangkok/documents/publication/wcms_178415.pdf

Gendermainstreamingstrategiesindecentworkpromotion:Toolkithttp://www.ilo.org/asia/whatwedo/publications/WCMS_143849/langen/index.htm,

Sexualharassment

at

the

workplace

FAQ

p: www. o.org a ar a n o pu c n _ angen n ex. mWork,incomeandgenderequalityinEastAsia:Actionguide(Chin.Bahasa,Engl)

http://www.ilo.org/asia/whatwedo/publications/WCMS_101719/langen/index.htm

Workimprovementinneighbourhood development WIND. . _ _

73.pdfMaternityprotectionresourcepackage WIND

http://mprp.itcilo.org/pages/en/introduction.html

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http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/ed_emp/documents/publication/wcms_159106.pdf

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