İlhan arsel - aydın ve 'aydın

8/12/2019 lhan Arsel - Aydn ve 'Aydn'

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AYDINve

AYDINProf.Dr. lhan Arsel


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Profesr lhan Arselin zgemii

Prof. Dr. lhan Arsel, Cenevre (svire) niversitesi Hukuk Fakltesinde

doktorasn yaptktan sonra,

otuz yldan fazla bir sure boyunca niversiteretim yeliinde bulundu; Ankara Hukuk Fakltesinde Anayasa Hukukudersleri verdi. 1960 htilalnn ardndan yeni bir anayasa tasars hazrlamaklagrevli on kiilik stanbul Komisyonuna ve daha sonra Kurucu Meclisntasarsn oluturan be kiilik komisyona ye seildi. 1966 ylndaCumhurbakan Cevdet Sunay tarafndan T. B. M. Meclisi SenatosunaKontenjan Senatrolarak atand. Az sonra tekrar niversiteye dnd. 1971

ylnda,

merkezi New Yorkta bulunan

Inter-University Associate

kurulusuna danman ve aratrmac olarak alndve bu kurulusun kronolojik

yorum esasna gre yaynlad Constitutions of the Countries of theWorld (Dnya lkeleri Anayasalar) adl 14 ciltlik yaptn Trkiye ve

Belika blmlerini (1971 yl itibariyle) hazrlad. 1975 ylnda, ders

vermekte bulunduu Ankara Polis Enstitsnden istifa etti; istifa sebebi,zgr

dnceli baz rencilerin Enstitden atlmas oldu. Enstitnn,polis gcn

belirli inanlar uruna dken olmakta gren zihniyetine kar bir tepkiniteliinitayan bu istifadan bir sre sonra,1977 ylnda Prof. Arsel,Ankara

Hukuk Fakltesinden de istifa etti. Bu kez istifa sebebi, eriat zihniyetintehlikeli ekilde glenmesine kars suskun kalan niversite retim yelerininyetersizliklerini kamuoyu nnde sergilemek arzusuydu. Bu tarihten itibarenaratrma ve retim faaliyetlerine devam etti ve zellikle eriatnolumsuzluklarn ortaya vuran yaymlarda bulundu. Yirmiyi akn eitliyaptlar arasnda unlar bulunmaktadr:

Anayasa Hukukunun Genel Esaslar (Ankara 1955)

Civil Litigation in Turkey (Trk - Amerikan Usul Hukuku Kyaslamas); Prof.Delmar Karlen ile birlikte. Ankara niversitesi Hukuk Fakltesi ile New York

niversitesi Hukuk Fakltesi ortak yaynlar,Ankara 1957

Trk Anayasa Hukuku (Ankara 1959)

Amerikan Anayasas ve Federal Yksek Mahkeme (Ankara 1958)


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Arap Milliyetilii ve Trkler (nklap Kitabevi,4c bask,1987)

eriat ve Kadn (lk basks 1987 ylnda yaplan bu kitap,1996 yl itibariyle 13 bask vealtm binden fazla datm yapmtr.)

Biz Profesrler (nklap Kitabevi,

4.c bask,

1995)

Aydn ve Aydn(nklap Kitabevi,2.ci bask,1992)

Teokratik Devlet Anlayndan Demokratik Devlet Anlayna (lk bask,AnkaraHukuk Fakltesi tarafndan 1975; 2.ci bask 1993)

Toplumsal Geriliklerimizin Sorumlular: Din Adamlar (lk bask 1977,2.ci bask1995)

eriattan Kssalar ve Hikayeler (stanbul 1966)

eriat ve Klelik (1997)

Kurandaki Kitapllar

Kurann Eletirisi

Prof. Dr. lhan Arsel,serbest dncenin Trk fikirsel hayatna kazandrlmasndakiabalaryla tannmtr.


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NDEKLER

NSZ

GR

BRNC KTAP: AKILCI AYDINSORUNU

BRNC KESM: ULUSLARI AYDINLIA IKARAN YA DAKARANLIKLARDA TUTAN G: AYDIN VE AYDINACUBES

I. Akln Egemenliine ve Rehberliine ve nsan VarlnnDeerine nananGerek AydnTipi

II. AklYaratcGNiteliine Sokma Konusunda AydnnRolIII. Geleneksellie Kar Savamak, Gerek Aydnn En BykGrevidir

IV. Gerek Aydn, nsanln Izdraplar Karsnda Susmay SuSayar

V. Gerek AydnHer Trl Yalana KarSavamayKutsal GrevSayar

VI. nsanln Yetitirdii lk Gerek Aydn Akhnatondan (M..1395-1305) Yirminci Yzyln Bertrand Russelllarna

KNC KESM: AKILCI AYDIN YETTRMEKONUSUNDA BATI DNYASI VE ERAT DNYASI
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NC KESM: BATININ FKRSEL GELMESNDEGEREK AYDININ ROL

I. Batnn Karanlk aa Girii1.Bilimsel gereklere dinsel verilerle deil, akl rehberiyle

eriilebilirformlnn geerli sayldEski a2.Akln dinsel bask altna girmesi, zgrln yitirmesi ve

bylece akl rehberliiyerine iman stnlzihniyetinin vedolaysyladomatik dngeleneinin yerlemesi

3.Orta adneminin iki zellii: Domaclkve Iskolastikilik4.Orta a boyunca Batlaydn, insan akln hem domaclktan

(dinsel klelikten) ve hem de iskolastik alkanlktan kurtarmaabasndabulunmutur

A.Kutsal Bilinen Kitaplar Akl Szgecinden GeirmeEilimlerinin ncleri:

B.Batlinsan daha 11ci yzylda DomatikdntarznaveKadercilieve Kt dzenekarisyan etme geleneineynelir:

C.Kutsal saylan Kitaplarn Tanr szleri olmadn veGerekleri yanstmadn syleyerek Kiiyi fikrengelitirip kendi kaderinin sorumlusu klmaaalanlar (12cive 13c yzyllar)

D.13c yzyl: Dinsel verilerin aklc elekten geirilmesigereinde direnenler:

E.14c yzyl: Dncezgrln salamak iin Papalnmutlak otoritesine ve batlinanlara karsavam:

F.15ci ve 16ci Yz Yllar: Domacla ve skolastikdnce tarzna kar son saldrya kalkanlar ve insanvarldeerinin n plana alnmasiin savaanlar:

II. NSAN VARLIINA GVEN VE SEVGDUYGULARIYLA DOLU BATILI AYDININ ZAFER

III. HALK YIINLARINI KHNE GELENEKLERDEN VELKEL DN ANLAYIINDAN KURTARIP ZGR VE
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AKILCI DNCE ALIKANLIINA SOKMAYAALIAN DER KALEMLER

IV. AKILCILIK SAVAIMININ VE AKILCI DNCENNEYLEML BAARISI: 1789 FRANSIZ HTLAL

V. 19. ve 20. YZYILLAR BOYUNCA BATILI AYDIN VEFKRSEL DRSTLK ERSNDE AKILCILIKSAVAIMINI AYNI EVKLE SRDRR

1)Batl Aydnn Yzyllar Boyunca verdii Aklclk Savam, DinDuygularnda Gerileme DeilFakat Ycelme Sonucunu Yaratmtr

DRDNC KESM: ERAT DNYASININ AKIL AINAIKAMAYIINDA AYDININ SORUMLULUU

I. slam Dnyasnn Geriliinin Balca Nedeni Aydn diyebilinen Snfn Domaclk ve Iskolastikilik gibiHastalklardan Kurtulup Aklana kamamOlmasdr

II. Bat Dnyas Akln stnlne nanan ve Akl TanrKertesinde KlanAydnTipi YaratabildiiHalde slamDnyasYaratamamtr

III. Aklcla zenen Fakat Cesaretsizlik ve nsan SevgisindenYoksunluk Gibi Nedenler Yznden AklclGerekletiremeyenAydnlar

IV. 1400 ylboyunca slamdnyas,Aklcdnceyi eriata kardiken ve eriati eletirip yeren ya da reddeden aydn tipi

karamyorV. nsann insana sevgisini yok eden ve kii ahsiyetininhaysiyetini ineyen hkmler karsnda eriat dnyasAydnlarnnsusmuluu

VI. eriat dnyas aydnlarnn aklc dnceyi egemenklamamalarnnksahikayesi; Gemiten rnekler

1.Abu Bakr Muhammad b. Zakariya Al-Razi2.Abu Yusuf Yakub b. Ishak Al-Kindi3.Abu Osman Amr b. Bahr Al-Cahiz4.Abu Nasr Muhammad Al-Farabi
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5.Abu Ali el-Husayn b. Abd Allah bnSina6.Abul-Rayhan Muhammad b. Ahmed Al-Biruni7.Abul vefa Ali b. Akl... bnAkl8.Al-Idrisi9. Abul Valid Muhammed b. Ahmed bnRt10. Muhyi-d-Din Arabi11. bnAl-Nafis12. bnHaldun

VII. Batl Aydn, Eski Yunann Aklc Kaynaklarna KavumaklaRnesans, Hmanizma, Rasyonalizm vs. Gibi AamalarOluturabildii Halde, Baty Bu Kaynaklara Kavuturan slam

Dnrleri Bu Tr Gelimelere Olanak Yaratamamlardr1.Mutezile SnfnnAklclaYnelik Grnen Tutumu2.Aydn Sayesinde Bat lkeleri Laik Eitime Ynelirken,

Aydn haneti Yznden eriat lkeleri Dinsel EitimdeKalr

VIII. BatlAydn,Kiiyi lahi Glerin OyuncaOlmaktan karpKendi Kaderinin Sorumlusu Yaparken, eriat DnyasnnAydnlarKiiyi Kader KurbanHalinde Tutmulardr

IX. Batl Aydn Aklc Yoldan Ahlaksal Aamaya Dorulurken,eriatAydnDinsel Ahlak DndaBir eyAramaz

X. Batl Aydn Din Adna Savalar ve ldrmeleri AhlakilieAykrSayarken eriatAydnFazilet Bilmitir

XI. Batl Aydn Peygamber Diye Bilinen Kimselerin YaamlarnEletirmi,eriatAydnise Kr Krne Yceltmitir

XII. eriat Zihniyetinden Syrlamad iin Mspet AhlakAnlayna Ynelemeyenler

1)eriat dnyasnn iftihar vesilesi edindii Ahlak-i CelaiideAhlak ve nsanlk anlay: Klelere ve hizmetilere inekmuamelesi yapn. Kadnlara fazla sevgi ve efkat

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2)Evliya elebi (1611-1682) Geimini tiyelerle veganimetlerle salayp, dalkavukluk yapmay ahlakiliktensayar

3)Katip elebi4)eriatahlaklNabi Yusuf Efendi

XIII. Aklcl Musibet Olarak Gren ve Medeni CesaretsizliiFaziletOlarak Benimseyen Zihniyet

XIV. AklclaDmanZihniyetin KoruyucularOlarak AydnlarXV. Aklcla Dman Zihniyet Temsilcilerinin Bilim Diye

UratklarSorunlarXVI. Batl Aydn TanrAnlaynda Deiiklik Yaparak Fikirsel ve

Ahlaksal Gelimeyi Salarken eriat AydnGeleneksel TanrAnlayndan Ayrlmamtr

XVII. Batl Aydn nsan Varlnn Kutsall ve nsan Sevgisinanlarn Yerletirmeye alrken,eriat Aydn nsan KulKertesinde Tutan ve Farkl Din ve nantakilere Kar DmanKlan Zihniyetten Kurtaramamtr

XVIII.

Hmanist

Eilimde ve nsanlk Sevgisi zlemi erisindeGrnmekle Beraber eriat Girdabndan Kurtulamayan ve BuNedenle nsanHaklarKavramndan Yoksun Kalanlar

1)Hseyn bnMansur Al-Hallac2)AAl-Sibli (Ab Bakr Dulah B. Cahdar)3)Mevlana Celaleddin Rumi4)Ebul ala Maarri5)Yunus Emre
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KNC KTAP: HALKA DMANAYDIN VE AYDINA DMAN HALK

I. BatlAydn, nsanVarlnn Deerine manve AklnSnrszGeliebilirliineGven Beslemive Bu manve Gvenle HalkGelitirmitir, eriat Aydn ise Bundan Yoksun Olarak Halklkellikler erisindeYzdrmtr

II. Halk SrNiteliinde Gren ve Cehalet inde Tutmak steyeneriat Aydn

III. Halkn Cehaletten Kurtulamayacana nanm Aydn Tipi:bnYakzan

IV. eriat Aydn Halk Ynlarnn Felsefi ve BilimselGereklerden Habersiz Brakrken, Batl Aydn, Orta adaBile Halka Dnk Olarak lim Yapar

V. Halk, Akln Yanltc Olduu nancyla Youran veAklclaDman Yapan Aydn

VI. eriat Aydn, Akla ve Manta Ters Den ya da elimelieriat Hkmlerini Deitirecek Yerde Bunlar Birer Hikmetimi gibi Gstererek Halk Cahil Tutup Bu Hkmlerle Smrr

VII. Halkn Cehaletinde Kendi Mutluluunu Arayan eriatAydnn Benimsedii Forml Benim Mutluluumu YapanCehalet Bin Yaasn

VIII. Halk Hie Sayan Zihniyet Kamuoyu Kavramndan HabersizKalmtr

IX. Halk Cehaletten karmak ster Grnenler Dahi CehaletiFaziletgibi Tanmlama Kurnazlndadrlar

X. Halk Akln ve Zekasn Kullanmasn ve Din KonularndaDnmeye ve Tartmaya Kalkmasn ve her eyi Aydn(Ulema) dan rensin diye Ima-i mmedve Kiyas-i FukahaKaynaklar Grr

1)Kuran anlamadan okuyup ezberlemenin fazilet... olduuinancnyerletirenler
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2)Halk Aklen ve Fikren Bo Fakat Bedenen Megul TutmakSuretiyle Cahil Ynlardan Gelebilecek Tehlikeleri nlemeKurnazl

3)Merutiyet Dnemi Aydnlarnn Aydnszl ve HalkaKarOlumsuzluuHakkndaXI. BatlAydnKendi Toplumunu Kltr BakmndanGelitirirken

ve Fikren ve Ruhen nsaniletirirken, eriat Aydn AksiniYapar

XII. Batl Aydn Kendi Toplumunu Demokratik Dzene Ykseltmeksterken eriat AydnAksini Yapar

XIII. Cahil Brakt Halktan Korkar Hale Giren Aydn, HalknAnlayamayacaDilde Yazar ve KonuurOlmuturXIV. Aydnncahil brakthalk,kendi karlarnayararlolabilecekreformlarnkarsndadr

XV. Batl Aydnn aydnlatt Halk, Din Kuruluunun OlumsuzYnlerinden ve Din Adamnn Ktlklerinden KendisiniKurtarrken eriat Aydnn Din duygular sarslmamaldrBahanesiyle Cahil BraktHalk BanazlaSaplKalr

XVI. Batl Aydn Kutsal Bilinen Kitaplar ve Din verilerini HalknAnlayaca Dile evirmek Suretiyle Halk Din inde GelitirmeYolunu Ararken eriat Aydn Yine Aksini Yapar

XVII. Batda Aydn Snfn Zorlamas Sonucu Olarak Din Adamlar,Biraz Daha nsancl Bir Din Anlayna ve Biraz Daha HalkkarlarnaYnelik Olmak zere Grr Olmulardr

XVIII. eriatdnyasnn aydnn aydnszla ve ideal yoksunluunasrkleyen iki neden: Cesaretten ve insan sevgisiduygusundanyoksunluk

Dipnotlar 1-423

Dipnotlar 424-640

Dipnotlar 641-900
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NSZKaranlnAydnlaBaKaldrmas

ZGR dnceye eilimli aydn kiileri dinsiz ya da Tanrdman gibi deyimlerle sulayp susturmaa almak, inanzorbalarnnfikir ve dnceyolu ile baakamayacaklarkimselerekar uyguladklar ilkel bir siyasettir ki, bilindii gibi tarihimizinkanl sayfalarn dolduran olaylarnbalca nedeni olmutur. Bununacsn slam dnyas da ok ekmitir. Bin drtyz yl boyuncaaklc dnceye zlem duyanlara (ve rneinbata Al-Razi, Al-

Farabi,

bn Sina,

bn Rt vs gibi slam uygarl diye anmsananksa dnemin yaratclarna) karbavurulan banazlklar hep buusullerle srdrlmtr. Onlar da belli evreler tarafndan hepzndk damgasn yemilerdir. Bundan dolaydr ki nesilleri ksazamanda tkenmi ve eriat lkeleri, bir daha hi kmamacasnagerilikler bataklna saplanmlardr; bu lkelerin hi birinde aklcgelimeve ilerleme diye bir eygrlmemitir,taa ki sadece Trkiye

gibi bir lkede bir Atatrk kana ve bu lkenin insanlarnaklcla,uygarla, insan haklarna ve insanlkhaysiyetine kavuturana kadar.Ancak ne var ki Atatrkn getirdii laik zihniyet sayesinde karataassup (ve bu arada dinsizlik sulamalargelenei) sona ermi iken,irticann hortlamas sonucu imdi yine gncellemi ve cehaletinmspet ilme ve aydnla kar vahice ba kaldrd bir kisveyebrnmtr. Hem de ylesine ki, laik tutumlu gazetelerin

hogrsne snarak yaz yazma mazhariyetine kavuturulan bazeriat zlemcileri, Abdlhamit dneminin Dervi Vahdetisinitakliden, kendilerini Volkan gazetesinin sahibi sanp 31 MartVakasn tekrar sahneye koyma hevesindedirler. Bilindiigibi 1908ylnda Merutiyetin ilanndan sonra Vahdeti adnda bir yobazVolkan adl bir pespaye gazete karmaya balar; dine dair hutbeusul ile nidali ve feryatl yazlar yazarak byk bir halk kitlesini

etkiler. Bu yazdklarnda Din ve eriat gerei gibi uygulanmyor veelden gidiyor, sokaklarda alenen oru yeniyor, kadnlar balar ak


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geziyoreklinde halkkkrtckonulara arlkverdikten gayrbirde aydnkiilere Tanrdmanya da zndkve benzeri deyimleriyamamaktan geri kalmaz. Bu sayede peine toplad yz bini akn

bir kalabalkla o korkun 31 Mart Vakasnoluturur.

Olayn ilk kurbanlararasnda Salahaddin ve Ali Kabuli Beyler gibizgrleak, yurtsever, uygar grl subaylar vardr. Taassubunbabobirboaneklinde tanmlanan bu olayn birbakabenzeri,1930 ylnda Menemende, eyh Esad adndaki bir baka yobaztarafndan tertiplenecektir. Sadece cahil ynlarn deilfakat kltrlsaylan kiilerin zerinde de etkisini yerletiren bu eyh, Tanr

dmanlar diye damgalad devrimcilerin (bu arada gen subayKubilayn) kafalarn, Menemen sokaklarnda, halkn alklar

arasnda,bakla kestirtecektir.

Dervi Vahdetinin ya da eyh Esadn ve benzerlerinin temsil ettiklerizihniyet ve bu zihniyeti var klan veriler malumdurki nice saysz buveriler arasnda: eriat dnda gerek yoktur; eriatn zne dnmekarttr; baka bir dine ynelen sapktr; mrikler nerede grlrseldrlmelidir; yalnz Allahn dini ortada kalana kadar kafirlerlesavalmaldr; kadnlar aklen ve dinen dn yaratklardr; orulu ikenhayvanla ya da l insanla cinsi mnasebette bulunan kii kaza orucututmaldr; def-i hacetten sonra temizlenmek iin tek sayda takullanmak,ya da suyu tek sayda yudumlamak gerekir (nk Tanrtektir); merkep eytan grd iin anrr, anrnca Tanrnn adanlmaldr; Farenin nne deve st konursa imez fakat koyun stkonursa ier nk kadim zamanda deve st ien bir kavim,kafirlikyapt iin Tanr tarafndan fare nesli haline sokulmutur eklindeolanlar vardr ki bunlar,laik Trkiye Cumhuriyeti Devletinin Diyanetleri Bakanlnca bugn dahi insanlarmza slamn temelhkmleri arasnda olmak zere belletilir].

Sylemeye gerek yoktur ki bu zihniyeti ve bu verileri gerek din

anlay ile ya da Tanrnn ycelii fikriyle badatrmak mmkndeildir. Ne hazindir ki bu aynkara zihniyet bugn,yine aynverilere


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sarlmolarak,hkmn srdrmeeve dini hislerin enbaya,ensinsi amalarla smrlmesine ve en hain cinayetlerin ilenmesinedestek olmaktadr. Dervi Vahdetiler ve eyh Esadlar imdikarmza, farkl klklarda, hem de niversite diplomal, ya da

Profesr ve Doent nvanl kiiler olarak kmaktadrlar. Btnokumuluklarna ve sahip bulunduklarunvanlara ramenadalave aklclabir trl alamambu kiilerin,kendi khne inanlarnpaylamayanlara karkullandklar iren terr silahve ilkel taktik,yine ayndr. nanmanz muhtemelen g olacaktr ama bunlarnbelledikleri ve halka da bellettikleri eyler,yukarda iaretettiim vesrf ksaca bir fikir edinilsin iin sadece bir ka rnek olarak

sergilediim verilerin ayndr. Yllar var ki bu hususlar, kaynakvermek suretiyle okuyucularma sunarken aydnlarmza da, bukonulara artkciddi ekildeel atmalargereini hatrlatrm. Sylemekabestir ki din diye halkmza belletilenleri eletiri konusu yapmanndinsizlikle ilgisi yoktur; aksine uygarla ynelmilikle ve Tanrfikrini yceltmilikle ve halka hizmetle ilgisi vardr. Bunun byleolduu bugn artk kltrl her insan anlamtr. Anlamayanlar, bir

takm karc amalarla bizlere Tanr dman hezeyanlarylasaldrrlarken, Tanr fikrindeki ycelikle badamayan emirleri,yalanclk sanatnn en mptezel usulleriyle, insanlarmzn beyninesokuturmaktadrlar.

*

Batnnuygarlkgelimesi tarihi incelendiinde grlr ki en azndan2500 yllk bir sre boyunca aydn snflar, iktidarlarn ve dinadamlarnn ya da banaz halk ynlarnn tehdit ve saldrlarnaramen din emirlerini eletirmek suretiyle insan beynini klelikten,ilemezlikten,kadercilikten ve tm engellerden kurtarpzgrleveyaratcla ulatrmay yaam amac edinmilerdir. lerinde dinkitaplarnn tanmlad korkutucu ve intikamc ve insanlar inanfarknedeniyle birbirlerine saldrtcTanranlaynyerenler ve butr bir anlayla fikirsel ve ahlaksal gelime olamayacansyleyenler, ya da peygamber diye bilinen kimselerin eylemlerini


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aklcahlak kstasna vurup kmseyenler,yerenler oktur. Tanrybtn insanlar iin sevgi kaynaeklinde tanmlayanlar,ya da Tanrile Akldenen cevheri ayniyet iinde tutanlar da oktur. Bugn artkBatda Kutsal saylan kitaplarn (rnein ncilin) Tanr sz

olmayp insan yaps olduunu sylemek,

ya da peygamber diyearlan kiilerin olumsuz davranlarnyermek ve hatta alay konusuedinmek, dinsizlik, Tanr dmanl gibi ithamlara ya da cezaitakibata konu tekil etmez; olsa olsa kktenci din saliklerininfkesini kabartr. Bundan birka ylnce nl film yapmcsZefirellinin Jesus of Nazareth (Nasirali sa) adl filmi ve yine nl yazarKazancakis in The Last Temtation (sann Son Gnah) adl

romanndanalnmafilm (ki her ikisi de sayve Hiristiyanloldukakk drtc bir temaykonu alrve fakat her ikisi de son yllarnnemli birer sanat olaysaylr),bazHiristiyan gruplarn protestosunamaruz kalmakla beraber dava konusu dahi edilmemitir. 1989 ylndaAndres Serrano adndaki bir fotorafnn, Hiristiyanlarca kutsalsaylan armh, insan sidii ile ykamekildehazrladresimler,srf Devlet btesinden beslenen bir Kurulu tarafndan sergilendii

iin, tartma konusu edilmitir,o kadar. rnekleri oaltmak kolay.Fakat bylesine olumlu bir tutumun anlattudurki,din kitaplarnve zellikle bu kitaplarn ortaya vurduu Tanr tanmneletirmedike ve daha dorusu geleneksel din duygularn incitmeendiesine son vermedike, fikirsel ve ahlaksal aama olmaz ve dinduygularn rencide etmekle de din sarslmaz, ortadan kalkmaz.Uygarlk gelimesi denen ey, ou zaman dinsel inanlar, dinsel

duygularincitenbulular,deneyimler,salt gzlemeler ve varsaymlarserisi olarak karmzdadr. Bilindiigibi dnyannyuvarlaklnn vedner olduunun aklc bilim ve deney yolu ile ortaya konmas,yzlerce yliine alan bir dnemin kkletirdiidinsel inanlara arbir darbe olmutur,nk bu dnemler boyunca cahil halklarn beynidnyann dz olduu yalanlaryla ykanmt. Eer din duygularnincitme endiesi stn gelmi olsayd, muhtemelen bugn haladnyann dzlne kanm olarak Orta a karanlklarndayayorduk.


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u bir gerek ki, aklc bilim denen ey, din ve domaclkkarsnda bamszlatka, her alanda ilerleme olmutur: bilimbamszlatka,din kuruluuna karaklcsaldrlar artmve dinselinanlar depreme uramtr. Buna ramen din yok olmam, fakat

sadece kendi alannibadet sorunlaryla snrlaypaklve zeka gcnkendi zgrl ile babaabrakmtr. Ve ite dine kar giriileneletiriler ve yermeler sonucu olacaktr ki Bat, 18. yzylda Aklana ve uygarlk rayna oturmutur. Bunu yapamayan lkeler isebugn hala ilkellikler ve gerilikler ierisinde yzmekte ve ellerini Batlkelerine amdilenmektedirler. unu hala idrak edememilerdir kimspet aklve vicdanrahatszeden kurallar ya da eylemler karsnda

tepki gstermek bir uygarlk sorunudur velev ki bu kurallar Kutsalbilinen kitaplardan,ya da bu eylemler peygamberdiye kabul edilenkimselerden sadir olsun. Milletlerin uygarl bu tepkiyigsterebilecek seviyeye erimiinsanlarnsaysna ve cesaretine grebelirlenir. Biz aydnlar, yetersiz kiilerin ilkel saldrlarna uramak,hatta yok klnmakpahasna da olsa,bu tepkiyi gsterebilmeli ve akldlklar halkn nnde sergilemeli, eletirebilmeliyiz. Bizlerin en

asl grevimiz, halk artk din sorunlarnn eletiriine tahammledebilir ve hatta katlabilir kerteye getirmektir. Her ne kadar karcevreler bundan ok rahatsz olacaklarsa da, byle bir geleneinyerlemesi halinde halk, her sylenene inanma saflndan kurtulupok ynl dnme alkanlna ynelecek ve bu sayede dinbezirganlarna karsavam vererek uygarlkana eriebilecektir.

Bu kitap,

Karanln Aydnla bakaldrmasna kar savamvererek Akl an yaratan Bat dnyas aydnlar ile byle birsavama yabanc kalan eriat dnyas aydnlarnn, pek zet birkarlatrmasdr.

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kinciBaskya nsz

Aydnve Aydnadlbu kitabmn birincibasksnniki- hafta gibiok ksa bir zamanda tkenmi olmas gerekten sevindirici.Okuyucularma teekkr bor bilirim. Ne ilgintir ki ikinci basknndatma sunulduu u gnlerde eriat ve Kadn adl bir dierkitabmn da onbirincibasksnn hazrlyaplmakta.

Her ne kadar gsterilen ilginin,grlerimin ve fikirlerimin mutlakapaylalmasya da onaylanmasanlamna gelmediini ve yazdklarmvesilesiyle birok kimselerin bana kar di bilediklerini bilmekleberaber, imdiye kadar tabu niteliinde kalm sorunlar zerinde

dnme ve tartma alkanlna yol aabilecek abalara katkdabulunmann byk bir mutluluk saladninkar edecek deilim.

Grlerimin yanl alglanmasn nlemenin kolay olmadmuhakkak; fakat srekli olarak ne srlen bir yergiyi,bu ikincibaskvesilesiyle, burada yeniden ele alp ksaca yantlamakta yararbulmaktaym ki, o da Baty idealize eden bir bak asna sahip

olduum,

Baty yceltirken eriat etkisindeki Douyu toptanreddettiim eklindeki iddialara dayaldr. Birok yaymlarmda buiddialar yantlam ve unu anlatmaya almmdr ki Batszcn ben, Avrupa ya da Hiristiyanlk alemi karl olarakdeil fakat sadece Aklclk kavramnn simgesi olarakkullanmaktaym. Benim iin Batdemek Aklclkdemektir,aklnsnrszegemenliinin kurulduuyer demektir. Yani idealizeettiim

ey insan sorunlarnn akl rehberliiyle ele alnmas, insan hak vezgrlklerinin akl kanunlarna balanmas, eitliki bir dzeninsalanabilmesi iin aklc usullerin lek klnmasdr. Bu yolunyolcusu olan her insan,her ortam,her evre ve her toplum,ister BatAvrupasnda, ister Amerikada, Afrikada, Avustralyada ya daAsyada bulunsun, hi kukusuz Batnn kendisi demektir. rneingeen yzyln ortalarndan itibaren dinsel eitim ve dnceden

syrlarak dnya yaamlarnmspet aklve ilim verilerine dayatan veuygarlaan Japonya, aslnda Asyal deil fakat tam manasyla


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Batldr. Atatrk sayesinde Trkiyede ayn sramay yapm veaklc yani Batl olmutur; bu sayededir ki eriatn, yani akldln srkledii ilkelliklerden syrlp dier btn slamlkelerinin nne gemitir.

Ancak ka zaman var ki Bat szc, toplumumuzun eitliblmlerini,hatta aydndiye tanmladmzoukiileri fazlasylarahatsz eder olmu, Bat dmanl duygularn tahrik iinkullanlmtr. Bu konuda Biz Profesrler adl kitabmda yer alan usatrlartekrarlamam yararlolacaktr: Eskiden kalma bir miras olarakBat szc, eriatinin anlad kavram dorultusunda, gavur

dnyas karl olarak kullanlr. Osmanl yazarlarnn kalemindegavurszcBatyhakir grmek iin igrrd. AkPaaZade

ya da Naima gibi.. Tarihilerin kitaplar hep bu szcklerle doludur.airler iirlerini hep bunlarla donatmlardr(...) nk Kurana greyeryz, mslmanlarn yaadklar yerler (yani Dar-l slam) ilemslman olmayanlarn (Hiristiyanlarn, Yahudilerin, vs yanigavurlarn) yaadklar yerler (yani Dar-l Harb) olarak iki

blmden ibaret saylmtr. Ve yine Kurana gre mslmanlarn(Dar-l slamn),mslman olmayanlar(Dar-l Harbi) dmanbilipdin slam oluncaya dein onlara kar (cihad) halinde bulunmaskouldur (Tevbe Suresi 29) (...) Yine Kurann Maide Suresinin51.ayetinde: Ey inananlar yahudilerle Nasranileri dost edinmeyin (...)Sizden kim onlar dost edinirse phe yok ki o da onlardandr diyeyazldr. (Bunlara benzer daha nice ayetler i sralamak kolay). Btn

bu hkmler ve bunlardan daha nemli olarak Muhammedin bizzatrnek olduudavranlar,mslman kiinin beynine ve ruhuna, tmyaam boyunca kurtulmayaca. (...) bir gavur dmanl duygusuyerletirmitir. Mslman kiinin hamuru, 1400 yl boyunca budmanlk duygusu ile yorulmutur... Hi kukusuz Batdnyasnnda... zellikle Kilisenin kkrtmasyla slamdnyasna karolumsuztutumu olmamdeildir. Fakat hi olmazsa bu dmanlkknden

kazyp sevgi ve anlay esine dntrmek (ve kutsal bilinenKitaplar bertaraf ederek din fark gzetmeksizin...) insanlar araskardelik fikrini yerletirmek isteyen (nice aydnlar) grlmtr.


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eriat dnyasnda bunu yapan kmamtr. Aksine gavurdmanln canl tutmak hususunda birbirleriyle yaranlar herdnem itibariyle yeni kuaklara kin, adavet,rneiolmulardr (...)OsmanlDevletininbe yzylboyunca Batya kargiritiisaysz

savalarn gerek nedeni gavur dmanldr. Osmanl toplumununBat ile ilgili her eye yabanc kalmasnn, her yeniliiyadrgamasnn, fikir ve kltr gelimesinden yoksun kalmasnnnedeni bundandr. Biz ilk kez Atatrk sayesinde Baty dmanolarak deil fakat insanlk aleminin bir paras olarak kabul ederolmuuzdur. Onun lmnden sonradr ki Baty yine eskialkanlklarmzla grr olmaya balamzdr. Din adamnn (...)

gavur dmanl duygularyla besledii halk ile 1950den bu yanamantar gibi oalan din okullarnn ayn duygularla yetitirdii yenikuaklar yannda,bir de Bat szcn Kapitalist/Emperyalist dnyaolarak kullananlarmzn eittii kuaklar yer almtr.

Bizlere kzmak deil fakat Atatrkn Batcln tekrar ve tekraranlatmak (gerek). Fakat anlatrken bizleri, ayn zamanda, Batnn

fikirsel,

sosyal ve siyasal gelime tarihi konusunda zel bir semineresokmak gerekir. Batnn Hiristiyanlk ile birlikte karanlk aagmln,aklcl unutup dinsel dn yrngesine giriini,bilimve ahlak ne varsa her eyi din kitaplarnda arayn,domatizme veiskolastik dn vadilerine yneliini, fakat bu karanlk ada bileaklc evrelere yer veriini, nihayet yava yava akl ve zekay dintutsaklndan kurtarp Renaissance/Hmanizmayolu ile akl ana

varn, (insan kiiliinin ycelii ve eitliki insan haklar fikrinesarln) oysaki Atatrke dein hibir dnem itibariyle,hibir slamlkesinde ve hi kukusuz bizde akl a ufuklarna dorulmak diyebir ey olmadn,eriat (zellikle Kuran) dnda hibir deer,hibirgerek arama gerei duyulmadn, eski Yunan bilimlerinden vebilginlerinden yararlanmak ve onlarn yaptlarn yorumlamaksayesinde eriilen ve slam uygarl diye bilinen dnemde dahi aklc

usullere gre davranmaktan kanldn ve sanki tm bu bilimlerKuranda varm kurnazlklarna sarlndn; (eriatnn melanetiyznden) akl rehber klmak ve kutsallatrmak olana bulunamad


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ve Yunan kaynaklarn da brakmak gerektii iin yeniden fikiryoksulluuna dalndn; (eski) Yunan kaynaklarna slam bilginlerisayesinde kavuan Bat dnyas aklc usullerin nimetlerindenyararlanrken slam dnyasnn aklszl (akl dlamay) fazilet

sandn,

(evet buna benzer hususlar) uzun uzun anlatmak kouldur.Bunu yaptktan sonra Atatrkn Batcln ve Atatrk gibiBatclarn amalarnanlatmak kolaylar (...) Atatrke gelinceye dekbizler iin akl denen nesne, gerekleri arama arac olarak hibirzaman anlam ve deer taamamtr. slama girdiimiz tarihtenitibaren biz,gerekleri aklyolu ile arama geleneinibrakm,bin ylboyunca bu gerei duymamzdr. nk gereklerin akl yolu ile

deileriatyolu ile bulunabileceine,

gerek diye ne varsa her eyinTanr emirleri olarak Kuran ile ve Peygamber (...) hkmleriyleyerletirildiine(...) inandrlmzdr. Bu inan bizi bir ilkellikten birdierine,bir felaketten bir dierfelakete srkleye gelmitir...

Ne yazk ki felaketten ders almasn bir trl renememi olarakbugn yine kurtuluyolunun eriatta olduunu,her zmn slamda

yattn syleyen rtkanlarn eline dm,

yolumuzu iyicesaptmzdr. Bu saptma o kerteye ulamtr ki, mspet ilim ocasaylmak gereken niversitelerimizin Profesr ve Doent nvanlkiileri bile, gnlk yaantlarmzn ve dnya sorunlarmzn herynn, aklc usullerle deil fakat bata Kuran olmak zere, eriatverilerine gre ayarlama hevesine kaplmlardr. Ne hazindir ki,kendimizi aydnbilen bizler ve zinde gler,yllar boyu memleketi

kara kuvvetazgnlklarna,

eriatkabadaylarnntaknlklarna terketmiizdir. Din hocalarnn laiklie ve ada deer llerinemeydan okumalarna ve giderek artan basklarna,hayret edilecek biratalet ierisinde boyun emiizdir. Bu ataletimiz lkeyi, ite bugnCumhuriyet ncesi eriatortamna srklemitir.

Ataletimizin nedeni, siyasi partilerin desteine sahip olan ve

hkmetlerin aczinden yararlanan rgtlerin yarattklar terr havasolduu kadar eriatn iyznn ne olduundan habersizliimizdir.Gereisylemek gerekirse toplumumuza egemen her olumsuzluk bu


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habersizliimizden kaynaklanmtr. Eer birazck gayret gsteriperiatnznn ne olduunu incelemiolsak anlarz ki, insanlarmzaklve zeka gelimesinden ve dnmegcnden yoksun klan,bakadin ve inantakilere kar dman yapan, banazlatran, insanlk

sevgisinden uzaklatran,

insan hak ve zgrlkleri fikrine,

demokratik ve laik devlet anlayna,adadeerllerine yabanctutan ne varsa her ey eriat zihniyetinden ve kkenindenkaynaklanmaktadr. Eer bu incelemeyi yapabilsek ve halkmz daeriatinin yalanlaryla baa kabilecek dorultuda aydnlatabilsek,hi kukuedilmemelidir ki bu lkede eriatazgnlya da eriatadnacinayet ilemek diye bir ey olmayacak, eriat zlemcileri kaacak

delik arayacaklardr. te o zaman lkemiz iin adauygarlkyolunakmak kolaylaacaktr.

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AYDIN ve AYDIN!

Dnya haritasna yle bir gz atnz: slam lkelerinin hemenhepsinin Asya ile Afrika Ktalarna ylm olduunu grrsnz.Fas,Sahara,Moritanya,Senegal,Gine,Volta,Mali,Nijerya,Niger,Cezair,Tunus,Libya,Msr,Somaligibi mslman lkeler,AfrikannKuzey yarsn kaplar. Bu blgenin hemen yan srasnda Arabistanyarm adas yer almtr ki Suudi Arabistan, Gney Yemen,DouYemen,Umman,rdn,Suriye veIrak ve Trkiyeyolu ile Afrika veAsya birleimini salar. Bu blgenin hemen douunda ran,Afganistan, Pakistan ve bunlarn uzants olan Moolistan ve

Rusyann Gney

indeki Trk mslman toplumlar g

İlhan arsel - aydın ve 'aydın

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