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ILF Consulting Engineers

Large Scale Photovoltaic/Diesel Hybrid Systems

Solar Energy South East Asia 2014, Bangkok, 26th November 2014

Frank Zimmermann, Dipl.-Ing. MBA

Business Development Manager Renewable Energies

South-East Asia, Project Manager Photovoltaics

[email protected]


� Agenda

1. Introduction

2. Market & Motivations: Why PV/Diesel hybrid systems?

3. Technical Challenges

4. Technical & Economical Optimization

5. Development Roadmap – Next Steps

Photo diesel


1. Introduction

page 3


� A global consulting and engineering company

• Independent Austrian-German company, founded in 1967

• Head offices in Innsbruck and Munich, more than 30 branch offices and subsidiaries worldwide

• Key figures: Over 4,500 successful projects / Permanent staff 1.800 / Turnover 2012: 191 M€

offices

projects

1. Introduction - The ILF Group


� Business areas

� Production facilities for oil and gas

� Pipeline systems

� Tank farms and underground

storage facilities

� Refineries and petrochemical

plants

� Airports

� Roads

� Railway systems

� Tunnels and caverns

� Buildings and structures

� Alpine engineering

� Water supply

� Wastewater treatment and

disposal

� Waste treatment and disposal

� Hydropower, dam and

river engineering

� Thermal power plants

� Sea water desalination plants

� Renewable energy

� Climate protection

� Electric transmission and distribution

systems

Oil & Gas

Energy & Climate Protection

Water & Environment

Transport & Infrastructure

1. Introduction - The ILF Group


� Main Focus in Renewable Energy Sector for SE Asia

� Thermal power plants

� Sea water desalination plants

� Renewable energy

� Climate protection

� Transmission and distribution

systems

HydropowerPhotovoltaics Energy Efficiency

Energy & Climate Protection

Waste to Energy


� Services

RENEWABLE ENERGY SERVICES

DESIGN AND

PLANNING

Preliminaryplanning

Conceptual design

Permit application design

Construction design

CONSULTANCY

Lenders Engineer Due Diligence

Master plan

Feasibility study

Economic feasibility

study

PROCUREMENT

Tenderingprocedure

Award of contract

Material

procurement

CONSTRUCTION

SUPERVISION

Quality surveyingAs-built

documentation

Construction cost tracking

START-UP

Personnel training

Operation manual

Maintenance manual

• Pre-feasibility assessment

• Feasibility studies

• Project appraisals

• Due diligences

• Yield assessments

• Project management

• Permit application design

Planning & design

• 3D visualizations

• EPC contracting

• Construction supervision

• Plant commissioning

• Acceptance tests

• Performance ratio verification


� Selected References

• Photovoltaic Power Plant Dubai, UAE

PV power 13 MW, 33 kV grid connection

Status: built

Design Basis Report for 1 GW PV/CSP Power Plant

• Photovoltaic Power Plant Pakistan

PV power 100 MW

Owners Engineer, status: currently under construction

• Photovoltaic Power Plant El Salvador

PV power 17.8 MW, 46 kV grid connection

Status: built

• Hybridization: PV-Diesel-Hybrid Power Plant

Al Yassat Island, UAE

Photovoltaics: 0,8 MW, 4 MW Diesel Generators

Owners Engineer, status: built

Photo: First Solar

Photo: First Solar


Client: Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA)

Project: PV / Diesel hybrid system on a private island

Time frame: 2012 - 2014

Data: MV Grid: 11 kVAPV power plant: 0.8 to 3 MWWind power plant: 0.6 to 1.5 MWBattery storage: up to 8 MWh

� Al Yassat Island / UAE (1)


Consultancy Services: • Technical and Financial Feasibility Study

• Optimized design of the PV / Diesel power plant to maximize the renewable energy fraction while ensuring grid stability and system robustness

• Conceptual Design

• Site investigations and survey, geotechnical study

• EPC tender design, tendering process, EPC contract award support

• Site supervision, Commissioning and Take Over

Conceptional layout of 3 MW PV and 9 MWh battery bank on 11kV MV



Time frame: 2012 - 2014

Financially based decisions:

PV capacity: 800 kW

Diesel capacity: 3.2 MW

Latest Status: Commissioning planned for Dec 2014



2. Market & Motivations:

Why PV/Diesel Hybrid Systems ?

page 12


� Diesel power generation market

Stand-by / Back-up

During outages of main grid (hospitals, server centers etc.)

Diesel / HFO -fired power generation

Continuous power supply

Peaking

Grid connected generation during a few hundred high-

load hours per year

Off-Grid / Mini-grid

Mining industries, Islands,

remote communities, Hotels etc.

Size of the marketSegmentation

Business case for hybridization with

Photovoltaic power plant

2. Market & Motivations: why PV/Diesel hybrid systems?

Facts: 30-35GW of new large scale Diesel generators (>0.5MW) are sold in the world every year!

On-grid

Grid connected generation (e.g.

developing countries)

40 - 50 %

40 - 50 %

1 - 3 %

Total 30-35 GW/year


� Price evolution of the crude oil barrel since 2003

Facts:

1.Current price of barrel: $US 80-110 since 2012, with

increasing trend.

Price x3 since 2003!

2.High fluctuation of prices=> high uncertainty for mid-

term & long-term investments

in Diesel power generation

$US

prixdubaril.com



� Photovoltaic: overview of the current state of the market

• PV Prices have dropped dramatically in the last 10 years: from ~10 to 1-1,5 M€/MW

• Grid parity is reached and even over passed in many regions of the world

� The business model for PV plant is moving from a subsidize scheme (FiT mainly)

to a direct competition with conventional energy sources (PPA, spot-market etc.)

• Quick comparison of the LCOE (over 25 years) typically observed :

� LCOE from Diesel power plant: 300 – 600 €/MWhMainly depending on the price of the Diesel, on the size

of the plant / generators, and on the project location (transport costs)

� LCOE for PV power plant : 80 – 150 €/MWhMainly depending on size & location of the PV plant and the solar irradiation

� PV energy: no price fluctuations, no surprises over 25y


Factor 2 to 6



page 16


� Main challenges

• Every project is unique!

� Different electrical load profiles (and future evolution) and type of loads

� Type of Diesel/HFO generators (size, rpm, etc.), type of genset controller etc.

� Local conditions: solar irradiation & its variability, remoteness, Diesel price, etc.

� Economic parameters impacting LCOE: project lifetime (mines!), discount rate, D/E ratio, etc.

• Additional PV variability => efficient and automated multi-genset control required

� Keep the generator operating close to optimum fuel consumption point

� Avoid too frequent start/stop of gensets

� Minimize operation hours of Diesel generators to increase lifetime

• Upgrade of the Monitoring & Control system (I&C) of diesel power plant is

critical during the design phase.



� Grid stability considerations

• Reliable Energy Management System to ensure grid stability is key

� Sufficient Primary / Spinning reserve (from Diesel generators) required at any time


Power supplied by PV plant

VARIABILITY CONSTRAINT 1 : LOADIn-rush power from a large scale motor

(up to 3 times the nominal power of motor)

VARIABILITY CONSTRAINT 3 : PVCloud event reducing PV output power

(worse case: up to 50-70% in <10sec)

Failure of a PV inverter

VARIABILITY CONSTRAINT 2 : DIESELFailure of a running Diesel Generator

Power supplied by Diesel engines


4. Technical &

Economical Optimization

page 19


� Hourly simulation for an optimized and reliable sizing

• Hourly energetic simulation over a year (8760h) allows a precise estimation of the energy balance between PV and Diesel plants, of the fuel savings and of excess of PV energy

• Grid stability tests (worse case scenarios) allow assessing the instantaneous PV penetration ratio of the load (IPPR) that a given system can tolerate

� IPPR of 50-60% can be reached yearly PV fraction up to 30%

� Above 50-60%, curtailment of PV inverters output power to ensure grid stability


Winter load profile Summer load profile


� Over-sizing of the PV power plant

• Over-sizing of the PV power plants allows reaching an economic optimum

of the overall PV/Diesel hybrid system


LCOE PV+Diesel

-10% to -40%

Base case (without PV)

LCOE Hybrid Syst.

[€/MWh]

Yearly PV fraction /

Excess of PV energy


5. Development Roadmap –

Next Steps

page 22


5. Development Roadmap – Next Steps

Thank you for your attention


Renewable Energy Forum, Hannover Messe, 09.04.2014

Contact Details:

Frank ZimmermannBusiness Development Manager Renewable

Energies South-East Asia

Project Manager Photovoltaics

ILF Consulting Engineers (Asia) Ltd.

Dr Gerhard Link Building, 12th floor

88 Krungthepkreetha Rd.

Huamark, Bangkapi, Bangkok 10240

THAILAND

www.ilf.com

[email protected] Zimmermann, Dipl.-Ing. MBA

Business Development Manager Renewable Energies

South-East Asia, Project Manager Photovoltaics

[email protected]

ilf consulting engineers - amazon web services scale photovoltaic/diesel hybrid systems page 8...

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