ijso2014 theory q thaifinal
DESCRIPTION
test-scienceTRANSCRIPT
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6 2014
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1.
2.
3. ( )
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
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1. 3 30
2. 3
(29 )
3.
4.
4-2.5
1) 4
2) y x ( 8)
3) 2.5
4) +/- ( 0)
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1
( 6700 )
(, NGO)
Larrea
1.
2.
3,
4.
Larrea Zygophyllaceae ( jarilla)
4 : Larrea cuneifolia, L. divaricata, L. nitida L.
ameghinoi C18H22O4,
nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA)
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1.1 Larrea (revegetation)
2 Larrea
2
Larrea
Larrea
(biological
communities)
1 jarilla (Larrea sp)
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1. Species richness (S): (Community)
2. Species evenness or equitability: (relative abundance)
Pielou :
maxH
HJ
H' Shannon- Wiener ( 1 2 )
maxH' = ln(S)
S: species richness
1. Shannon-Weiner
2. Species abundance :
1 ,
Larrea ( 1)
. 2
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1.1.1 community 3 ( )
(Community)
Species
Richness (S)
(N)
Abundance
J
1:
Larrea
2:
1.1.2
2 ,
( 2)
2 Figure 3: Forms of life percentages.
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1.1.3 (T) (F)
1.1.2
A. 10
Larrea
(species richness)
Larrea spp.
B. Larrea spp. 1
(herbaceous plants) Larrea
C. ( 1)
(form of life)
( 2)
1.2
4 A, B, C , D
4
r
r1
r2
r2
r1
r1
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1.3
5
1.3.1 I ()
10.0 m s-1 I II 50.0 m 0.46 II
(: 9.81 m s-2)
1.3.2
200.0 m II III 1.3.1
III
5
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1.4
Larrea spp.
4
Larrea
(% w/w) 0.90 3.33
(mg kg-1) 1033.00 1353.00
(mg kg-1) 1.00 8.12
(mg kg-1) 1199.00 1444.00
(% w/w) 10.52 12.97
pH 7.54 7.10
4 Larrea
Larrea
0.3 m
N 30% P2O5 15% K2O
15%
( 1.63 x 103 kg m-3 P: 31; O: 16; K: 39; N: 14 )
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.4.3 (OH)1- pH 4
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1.4.4 5 pH
pH
Methyl Orange (MO) 3.1 4.4 (R) (Y)
Bromothymol Blue (BB) 6.2 7.5 (Y) (B)
Methyl Red (MR) 4.2 6.2 (R) (Y)
Metacresol Purple (MP) 7.8 9.2 (Y) (P)
Phenolphthalein (PP) 8.3 10.0 (C) (V)
5 pH
1.4.5 pH Na2CO3 ()
H2O ( )
Na2CO3
1.4.6 pH
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1.5 Larrea Larrea cuneifolia
6 4 Larrea
6 4 Larrea cuneifolia
1.5.1 1.5
1.5.2 1.5.1
a)
b)
c)
d)
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1.6 nordihydroguaiaretic (NDGA) (C18H22O4) Larrea
ammonium molybdatetetrahydrate ((NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O)
(Cuvette) 7
7
NDGA Larrea
NDGA NDGA
ammonium molybdate
L. divaricata and L. cuneifolia
ammonium molybdate method 6
Cuvette
I0 I
L
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(nm) 400 450 500 550 600 650
0.82 0.33 0.15 0.07 0.05 0
NDGA L. Divaricata 1 0.84 0.53 0.22 0.09 0.03
NDGA L. cuneifolia 0.99 0.81 0.46 0.20 0.06 0.04
6 NDGA L. divaricata L. cuneifolia
1.6.1.
6
1.6.2. 6 NDGA
A C L A () C (M) L
( 7) molar absorptivity coefficient (M-1 cm-1)
2 L. divaricata L. cuneifolia
A B
500 nm 1 cm
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= 8920 M-1 cm-1 NDGA 302 g mol-1 A
0.47 B 0.52
1.6.3. NDGA (mg L-1)
1.6.4. 6
1.6.5. 500 mL NDGA 0.2% w/v
L. divaricata L. divaricata NDGA 7% w/w
L. divaricata 8% w/w ( 20C 1 g cm-3 )
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2
/
a.
b.
(Greenhouse
Gases, GG) (CO2) (CH4)
(NO2)
(SO2) (precipitation)
pH
(Pb) (Cu)
(sulfate aerosols)
2.1. pH 5.65 CO2
(H2CO3) pH 5 pH 3
SO2 (NO)
SO2 NO
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(SO3) (NO2)
pH
2.1.1. SO3 CO2
2.1.2. NO2 (g) + H2O(l) HNO3 (aq) + HNO2 (aq)
2.2 (Al(OH)3)
pH 4
(CaCO3) (calcite)
2-3
2.2.1. (Al(OH)3)
pH 5.2 Ksp (solubility product) 5x10-33
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2.3 8 V1 V11 V1
(lead poisoning) ()
(PVC)
2.3.1
2.4
V1 V2
V5
V10
V11
V8 V9
V6
V3 V4
V7
8
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0.038 mg/100 ml
0.005 mg/100 ml 5 ( 1)
5 ( 2) 7
(mg/100 ml)
1. 0.057 0.020 0.087 0.060 0.065
2. 0.004 0.010 0.009 0.008 0.007
7 (mg/100ml)
2.4.1
A C
B
2.5
9 a) b)
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5500C
341 Wm-2
30%
()
2.5.1 ( 9a)
K C
I (W m-2) - 4I T , 8 2 45.67 10 W m K
2.5.2
()
( 9b)
(Intensity balance)
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2.6
10
2.6.1 10000 kg
-10C
:
: c = 2.093 J g-1 K-1
: l = 333.7 J g-1
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3
13
1 1 1
3.1
3.1.1 A B (X) A
(Secretory structure)
B A
: 1
A STRUCTURE SECRETORY
STRUCTURE INVOLVED IN THE DIGESTION OF
STARCH
ENZYME
Liver
Stomach
Salivary Glands
Large intestine
Duodenum
Esophagus
Small Intestine
B 1 Phospholipase
2 Maltase
3 Amylase
4 Lipase
5 Glucosidase
6 Sucrase
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3.1.2
C ( )
( 1 )
Table C
starch
maltose +
lactose +..
saccharose +.. (sucrose)
ENZYMES
A Creatin kinase
B Amylase
C Lactase
D Glucosidase
E Sucrase
F Maltase
PRODUCTS
1 Maltose
2 Glucose
3 Fructose
4 Lactose
5 Galactose
6 Saccharose (sucrose)
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3.2 (musculoskeletal
system)
3.2.1 D E
D:
A. ATP ADP+Pi ()
(Active site)
B. Acetylcholine sarcolemma sarcolemma
sarcolemma
(action potential)
C. (action potential) (Depolarization)
sarcolemma sarcoplasmic reticulum
D. Ca++ sarcoplasmic reticulum
(action potential)
E. (action potential) (synapse)
Acetylcholine
F. Ca++
sarcomere
sarcomere
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Table E
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.2.2 11
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(sarcomeres)
cross-bridges ATP ADP+Pi
3.3
3.3.1 - 5.0 x 10-12 N
- 50 kg
( 9.81 m s-2)
3.3.2 ATP 5x10-12 N
11x10-9 m s-1
J s-1
3.4.
(C6H12O6)
3.4.1. 90 g
(CO2) ( C=12; O=16; H=1)
3.4.2. 90 g
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3.5
3.5.1
A, B C
12
3.5.2 2
3.5.3 t = 4 s 12
3.0 ms-2
3.6 13
(electrocardiogram)
(phonocardiogram)
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13 3
3.6.1 1 ()
3.6.2 ( )
3.6.3 (ventricular volume)
0.05
3.6.4 (ventricular pressure)
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3.7
( 14) 15
20 2
( 3.6.2)
3.7.1
L
g= 9.81 m s-2
14