ii§ulii amq plicq§~ioishodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/31014/10... ·...
TRANSCRIPT
. C1!4P'l'lll • V .
ii§uLii AMQ pliCQ§~IOI
Aa wUl ~ nJ.ii•at t.roa CUpte.r 111, a1.cwea bJpot.Ja••••
nre t'cu•.ada t.d tor veri C1 O& t.i.Oih rae aat.ilOIA a4opw4
.ad tho p.roced~r• tol4owod have ~·• olatont.ol,y 4J.ao~•••4
h Cb&pt.u IV, Tile .,naent. cnapt...-· deale w1 t.l:a tao
tbllla,a IIU'.rived at bt t.lle at.&Ual.l.oal trftt.aMt of \be
liat.& oollaot.ea b,y e"plo7i::l~ t.l:ao h.at.rlh~NJ.t.a apooltled
earlier.
In o.r4er \o obt-.14 n1>luH tor t.l:ae h7pot.h ....
torallla ted, 1 t. wu deoided t.o •ploz (a) t.he Puraoa 1a
JJ.rGd~tot.-.ao••nt co.r.rolat.i.oa tnlm1:tllo1 ud (b) t.ao 1 t.'
teat, the for.aer tor det.ordttl.D.i t.J:I.e a1i!l1tl.uaoo of
relat.i.ollalli;~ ~tween Job aatilf&at.i.~ta ud per1ooaUt,y
nrl.ablea ud t.n• lat.hr tor e1t1aat.1ng t.ta• 11;fn1t1oaaoe
ot difterellal O.t.weoa aaa111o tA lli1AC t.lla prod~aot.•
aoa en t oorrela U oa or 1 t 1 tel t, 1 t. 1 e aaaued tba t. tba
•a.aylea wltll vlU.ab w:e worlt nave bee&l draw troa poplll&tioua
tbat are llonall,y d1atr11Ntod, It the populat1oaa troa
wh1 ob tbe 1u pl .. an draw are aot. aonal, appl1 oa t1 oaa
ot at.at11t1oal t .. t.• \ut 4apu4 om \he aonal1\J
a1a11•pt1oa are Y1t1aw4 (lerlla&Ue197J).
To tea\ vbe\~aer t..bl auple ot \.be prelea\ 1aYeaU,a\t.oa
val drallll froa a popllla\.l.oa \Ia&' ••• aonal11 tUa\ribut.a4e
97
\lae Chl.•eq11are t.e1t. ot ,t.ha hfpt~b .. la at .. nal. a.a\.S.wUoa
val appllecl. 'lld.l apt~cd.&l appUeaU.aa ot C&L•atnro , .. ,
aeaellrea wb.ot.her or aot. a eat. at ouerYall flraqaaacd.ea 1a a
tr•l•aa.ot d1at.r1bt~iloa eo~tl4 proba~17 baYO aria .. troa a
aonallt 4h t.r1tN t.od. p9pula t.ha (Gld.ltorit 1 U6 >• 'ftaa
Cb1. •S:tllare \oat. W&l t.hlll appl1o4 '- \be ••ral obklaad b
raapeot ot all \he variable• of the pnle&t. ....... na.
Job 1a U.ataoiloa, axt.ranrlihe aa~&rotio1Nt aa:&ieite
ego•et.rea,t.b., iatolenaoo of ubl.cll1 t.1 aad a~&t.hori t.ariWM•
Tho raw 1ooro1 are gl'feo h Appeodia •o•. 'ftae C!d.•aqtaara
nlu1 obklaa4 tor all t.ae nnalll.aa an praaoat.~ ~
Tabla v.t.
Itltlt y,t
'l' .. t111g t.ne data ot tao .... a ft.ri.&blea tor aonal die t.ri till Uoa.
Vari.ablaa 4t Olal••ture Le.,.l ot 'Valt.tOI &pltloaaoa .............................................................
lob eaU1taot1.oa 10 J)eU o.o1 ltlct.ra verlioo 1 J4.77 o.ot Jeuro t1. cd. .. 6 4J.50 o.ot Aa.xiet.t 6 IJ.50 o.ot ~&o-•t.~u,t.h 1 u.~~ o.o1 lat.oleraaaa of 6 4).16 o.ot ... bL"'l ,,
Allt.Aori t.ari.ulu )7.27 o.ot
98
fro& Chl.•atl&&re \l.ble I (<IIUI'IUt 191)), 1\ Aa t.a
•••ll tft&t. \be Yaloae ot Cbl.•ttllan 1a o~4er H btl al.pl.f1eut.
• t. J. () S hnl tor 10 dt tQo\114 M 11. J07J tor 9 4t 11M11U
btl 16.'1HI tor '1 dt, 14.067: u4 tor 6 dt, U.5U
reapeet1 vel to ObYl.Oillllt \l'.le Cbl•aiJI&&ra nluea aaa Ueae4
ill Table v. t are dl • taU aU Mll¥ lJ1 pi tl. out. !hila,
l. t. ou be ni:l t.laa~ t..no poplllatf.oa troa wb1ela t.lle preaMt.
auple .,., dnwa lllaa aot. aonal.lt d1at.1'1btat.ell OA t.lle
teal• o£ ••uurueB t.a u .. 4. C.aaotllea t.lt, I.~ "' dee14e4
to co~&Yert. t.ae ra" eooru into T aoo:raa 4anao4 IJ.r MoCall,
(t9J<j, •• ropor\ed ill Oar.raU,U7J). 1' S..roa are
aor.~alJ.aec:t ata:adard aooraa ooanl"\e<i irato a diat.riblat.l.oa
loti th a a au ot SO and SD ot 10. f leo :rea tor all
variable• llllder et.l4t t.nu ob\1.1rae4 are iJ.Yoa J.o Ag~oa41x •1:1•.
lie ••1 uw oollai4er aaoll hypo t.Jaeaia aepa:ra t.lt aad
aoe liiAO\hel" or AOt it. 11 lllpport.e( ia \aNI at "'• Uta
obtain eel.
'Ina tirat hnot.ll .. .La tonllla\d 11as 1rl rea;.••' of
tho rela\l.oaahl.p bat.'lfeea job M\lataot.l.ora .. oroa ud
u\rav•rGoA aoo.r••• 1\ W&t A1~\aoa1ae4 1 •ttaaro ax1at.a
a ll.jlliliout. puiiive ralat.l.oaablp IDat.va• Job aaUataot.l.oa
aa4 ut.ra~eratoa•. lirao\A!!1f J(&}, Tbla ou IDa an
o;oraUoAallt at.at.acl •• •t.taora w11l be a lica1tioaat.
jlCUi \1. ~• eorrola Uo11 be we• \U J o a, •• t.l.tCaot.l.oa ... ,...
ea4 ut.n~araiora ... raa at t.lla JOO ••ltJ••t.a ot Wa at..ult••
99
aoaoa.t. oorrolaUoD waa ooepll\od. lt. 11••• \lao reeeareaer
~· &&!Pli tilde aa.cl ..... 111 t..lae dJ.r•ot.ioa ot t.lle rela\loaab19
bot.wen &at t.wo nrl.abloa (lerl1Dcer, U7J). Tile obkbo4
.... ul ,. Aa •• booa pre au t.od J.a fable v.a.
Tablt y.2
Proci~&ot. ... ouat. ooofttoJ.Mt. ot oorrolaUoa bot.we• Job n.Uatac\l.oa aad oxt.ranraiora •••n•· (la500)o
Vabo ot 'r'
dt t.,.l ot ll.pitloaaoe ............................................................
Job aat1ataot.1on aod
kt.ra Yoraion 491
hoa Table Q ot coorti.oieau ot eorrol&Uoa
(Clliltord, 1978, b~Jl), H 1• olnr \bat. t.lao vallae ot
'r' t.o be aJ.~t1eu.t. at. \Joil1 l ... ol tor 498 dt aholll.d
o.t.z. lt. J.• ··- troa Table v.a , ... , t.ta• nlllo ot ....
(0.6~) obt&illod bot.woc lob aa\11fao1.\oll u<l eat.ranreloa
1• ai!ll11fic&:lt. botoDd 0.01 lenl ot oootUuoe, wl:t.l.oh
11ld1oat. .. t.A&t. Job aat.htaoUoa u 1lJpot..b .. 1 .. 4 .1•
;x»e1 t.1 ,.11 related to ext.r&Yeraioa. Ia ot.ller worcla, u. oaa bo .aid t..bat. t.be aore a per•o~a 1• e.xt.raYert., t.he aore
lle wollld t.ead t.o be aa1.1et1o4 w1t.b l:t.l.a Job.
lllrt.benore, to eee wbet.aer t.a• euo rel& t.1oGab1 p
oxiat.l bet.voOA job aaUatao\1om aad •at.ranraJ.oo la re1peet.
ot \llo folll' lllb-aupl•• 1o ••• Geaoral ~~»••• (GF),
Aalhklst Qelaonl lol'Meo (!Gl), Jlu·aeo (1), lu1•'-•'
lor•• (U'), prod~&ot.•uu~at. tootr1o.hat.a ot •rr•lat.t.o•
wore ooap~at.a<i bot.~to•q, Job 1&\S.Itao\l.oa ....... aali utn•
nra1o~a aooroa tor all th• tnr IIIO•IUplol roapeoUYalJo
n. roault.l 1\&va ~»een 1b0w ill taDl• v.J.
table Y• ~
l'ro4llot ... o•eu. t. coeffi oioa ta of correla \4.oza l»et.vooa Job l&tiataet.l.cta f.lad ext.r&vox-aion ... .._. ot;"to~tr 1\lb•auploa.
Sub-auplel I Valt.&o of dt Lonl ot .... Slpitiouoo ........................................................... Gf 82 o.6, $0 Oo01
•ar )8 Oo64 J6 a. at , 200 ¥.11 118 0,01
!1 180 o.sa 171 0.111
oorroht.l.oll ooeft1c1 .. ,t.l blt.v11a Job aat.l.atao\io~& aad
oxt.ravoraioa acoroa tor all tbo to111' a~tb·S~l•• are
bl,lllt 116A1t1oaat., hd1oa\ia4 t.JMreby a oona1donble
pOii U YO I'Ol&Uoaahi~ betw••n Ula two taot.orao th11a,
t.h• rea.al t.a ot t.ho ll.lb-auplel are 111 oOGtonl t.r wl t.ll
t.lla ra aal ta ot t.he t.o '-l au p.l.h
!01
lS~&rt. !roa t.ne det.onha\loa of rolat.loaalalpaJ 1 t.
waa alao f!ea1:red. to aoe whot.kar Jolt aaUataoUoa •••r••
ot thoae eaplo1••• who aoorod blca oa axt.raYera1oa 4lttor
troa tnoao who aoorad low oa ext.r&Yora1oa. For \Aia, 1\
waa l1Jpotla .. 1aod • •SI&bJoota b1sh 1a extranra1oaa are
llitel)' to ht.n , .... , ... Job &a.t11ta.ot1oa t.baa t.bo.. clow
1a utruuaiOu •; 4fpgt.b!!111C!a~·
lA order to oliltala n14eaoo tor t.lt.o abon, job
•• tJ.ataoUoa IOOl'!! ot 2.S pel'eeat. aai:IJ eot.l aoorioc
hiifh (t'l'oa t.ho top) aa4 as puooa\ .. orin& low (trOll
tllo bot. to•) on ut.ra Yora1oa eoalo wore obklaed., file
ti I' at. group vu oalhd b1 ;ih u t.ra nrt. grollp ud t.ke
aeooad, low •~t.raYort.. Tho 't' \oat waa applied to to•t.
tho a1,;a1tloanceot dittor~.~tco t.tweoa tho IIO&Aa ot the
two grou~•· The ru~<a •r• i!Lna ill T&'bl• v.4.
Moana &lld •t• nluo of jab aat1ataot1oa eooroa tor hi'h ud low extravert. 'J'OIApa (!1•12S 1r& each ,roilp).
:olea a S.D •t.• Y&lu 4t l.nol ot 01pif1MAOOe
··-·····-·······----·--···········-----··--·-------·-······ 7.41
248
103
0a u euahat.i.oA of Tabh v.J. 1\ h olnr \bat.
the ••••• ot bl~b e&tr&ver\ !II'OilJ18 are creater t.baa t.lae
aeua of lov ntravert gro~&va 1a all oat.eaorJ.eh fb1e
ln4a u to ooBolll4e that. the •plo)'eea !tu1ac 111111
utrayeraioa aoorea are -tore sat.i.lt1e4 \.ll&A t.!te uplo1ee8
haYia, low extravere1oll aoor••• file o\\&1aed ''' wala••
.,.. • t& U• u O&ll)' •1 1111 t1 OliUl t..
The renlta are alao ab.ollll ia t.l:l.e ton ot
budhJ;r&a (11&•1 ).
&ll:t.r&YaraioA rerera to th• t1a4 of ovt.varli orJ.ea\&t.S.oa
t.laat aall:ea a &>er•oa bi~&hl;r aware of vb&t 1a so1aa 011 arou4
lll.a and oauaea hi.a t.o dil"eot M.a uaru t.owr.rd obJeot•
ud p-eopl• ogtaide tu.aeolt. ktra•ert p•zo•oae are aore
na'bl• aGJ •oo1ii.lly Oll~;iOJ.l.$i11• 1'4•1 ll.Jite parUee aa4 eoo1al
con taot.a. Th&J' ar• oarotr~•• •••.r•&o1a, 4Ad opt.i.a1a Uo.
Tlle.Y pratar to ll:eep .aovill6 ud doia, t.blagt •• ~il•l ll~.
Tiler.! ore, t.ll•:t will t.•ad t.o !a a.u•a li&Utrl.aol l.A J obi
v1U.ob 1l:lvolva iill)l'l 1oo.lal aoutaot.•• Tna vorlc ot tile
lup•rYieor 1• oft.•d preaauriaed, and oaly tha aaotioaallJ
•tabla paopla would be able to t.olerate t.ha •train tor
Yll'f loa,. Tna1r ~ort alao 1at'OlY11 a ,reat. deal ot
~reoa•l oon t&ot., 111 wbl on a par1011 vllo 1• 10aevlla\ 1nt.nYer\
aay not be •bla to !are wall. Woo~vorth (1964) 1a a lt.V41
toucl that. \he aore aoo1allt•onaaMc1 avbJa•t.• an aore
aaUatlaci 14 tha1r Job t.bu la .. aoo1all7•or1ea.M4 nbJaot.l
1a t.aa 1aaa won litu•Uoa.
z Ill
~· i I ... '·
6Z"'1S ...:
i f. ...
iii Ill
"" "" ~ i
...
\5 ~ ffi ... ;
s • "" '1£"8S 0:,
"" ,:~"- e
t! % .. !2 :z: .,, ...
• .... ·.~
0 ~
~ Wz til
J ...
IUW I \5Z
0'1"09 g~ ~
• Ill .n·.
"" lol
i I .... z c
' cw "' ~-a: z 't~ •
5(·85 0 ~e " a i ; c
...
j I ~ ~ ~o es
_, .. c -c .. •
0 0 .. 0 0 0 0 0 .. "' ... ...
SJIIOH NOI!)'U'illY'i eor N'OW
104
Ia a at.~d,y ot •13htt••1• ooap&Q1oa bt tbo Ma~oaal
Halaa;: .. oat Aaaoo1aUoa1 •poor poraoaal relat.1oaa• u4
~ .. oUo!l&l 14ak01l1 t,y• wore ntoiS ld.glloat. Oil t.bo llat ot
a~aponiaorr pU.taUa •. (lwpor"ti bz ll.Uol,. U68). &t••• (H11) in h1a at~&d.f &ll" !o"d tllat o.dn.'for\1 aboow <gonor
1oohl adlla. 1'nor •xo•l i.uU'onl't& l.a Jraba tttat t.avo.l.vo
daall.:t;; with otnor ).Htoyle. The roa~tlt.a ot t.no pl'eaoat.
at~~dy obvio\lal;t t.r• 1:1 ~~.~roueat vita tho a\ul11aa ••Uoaali
Tho n$Xt hfpotheoia llll~&r a\udt waaa•tnara axLata a
oi.;ll11'loant poai.tl.v~t r•lathJutbip '!Mt.waQ Job aat.lafaiiiiUOil
and o.;o•atrott~tn• litthUilf!h •Hal• fbh oaa be 40W opan.Uo~~&ll.Y
at.t.tod •tnara will be • poaitiYa oo:trelaUon betwen job
aa t..Uta.cuon seorea and a,;o•atrq,t.a aoor .. ot tbo .SOO
aubJ oct.a ot t.lli 111 at.u<it•• 1'o t.eat. t.bia, t.l:&e prod11ot-•o••ll t.
COl'l'Ol4~01l coeffJ.cJ.ent VAll OO:Ip\lt.04t 'l'abb lfe6 .i)J"Uenta
tne re.a11l t.s o btaltad.
l'lbl• y.6
PNd..act.-otoaeat co•tflcioct or oorrelat.toll bat.w•••1 aoGrea on Job a&Uataotioo. a.ad •>lO•It.l'ftitb eoalaa (lii'I50J).
Valu ot 'r'
IA~•l ot •1 .!'11 ti et.ll oa.
···----·-··········-----············-·········-------···· Job aaUafaoUoa
ao.d
160• • t.rM "tl:i •
105
T!\e obk1ned. nllae ot 'r' (0.40) 11 lijpl1t1ct&l'lt at
0,01 leYel ot oo4tl.d0!1oo. The re111lt.1, \bill, pronlie
st&tid1cal IIIJliJOrt to 1lyvotllelia 2(a), wh1oh 144ioatel
tll& t. _j 0 b
ego-at.ren~tllo ltl other wortla, the eore a per1oa v1ll be
!l.I.;J>h 1u OtiQ•St.roll.;th, tne :ao.r1 he will be aaUet'ied vita
hi• job &1 t.aa tJ. ollo
Wl. tll a vi elf to aeein,; vllet.her or aot. the ea.e
.relatioullll.l.p ulata bet.veou •IO•It.rea.,;t.h and Job
satlstaotion in reapect. oC the tour aub•aaaplea 1••••
1.a·, Ac.r, f, u·., produot•.ao;uat ooett1oieuta or oorrelaUoa
were ooapated bet11eeu the aoore1 Oil e,o•ltl'lllith and Job
aat11taot1ou or those aub-auplllo The l'ellllte h&YI beem
Table Y,7
Coetticiet~tl of correlat.ioa between 1oorea 011 eco•a-t.reas;th and Job l&t.ilfact.ioD for the t'Cill" 1\lb-l&:&plllo
Jub-1uple1 li Value ot dt Lnel ·or 'r' li&tU !1 O&llOI
---~---------·······------------···-··············--·-···--
Gl 82 u • .S1 80 o.o1 4Cf J8 u.Ja )6 o.o1 , 200 Oe28 1H o. 01 AI 180 o •. u 171 o.o1
108
Tbe reaulte aut.1ou4 b Table V.?hcll.•'- 111p1t1oaot
poa1 t.lYe oorrela t.loll bet.v .. A Job eat.1ataouoa aa4 •co•atreagth
ud tau oont1n ll,ypot.beaie 2(a). lA o~r II'Orda, u. 11
.. u.bllahed that u 1ail11ri.i1~&al. wit.D. bi.(lh ago•atreaat.h
will have il'eater Job aaUaf'aoUoa.
ili1 th a new to ooal.)&r111g the t.wo e&trMe crol.lpa, 1t.
vu hfpot.hoaiaod tbat •SubJuta blgh 1a ego•atrencth &J'a
lU:elt to have tt:roater job utiatactioa t.bu thoae low h
.IQ oriier t.o obt.a1a n1do11oe tor tho aboY•• job
aat1atact.1on acoree ot 2S percent aubjeota •oori.ng blgh
(froa t.he t.ov) and of .<!5 percent aooring lov (trM tbe
bott.oa) on ego•atrenu:t.h aoale were obtained and their
uana OOilput.eJ to toat. tile el.~llltiouoe or dU'tereaoe
betveen thea. The reaulte are preaeat.ed. 1a Table v.a.
i'leane ud 't.' Y&llle ot Job aaUat'aot.loa acorea tor hi~h and lov obo•atren,th &roupa (a•12S ~n eaob ~roup) •
Mean SD . ,. dt Lenl or 11~~tlli ti U!l 08
···---------········-·······-······-·-·········-·--··-···· h07
4) •. )1
107
Fro11 Table v.s, it. 1.1 ole&l' \bat t.ae obt.aiae.t •t.• nli.le (t.•j.2~. Table v.s) 1• a1pit1oaat. at. 0.1>1 l.eyel of
confidesut• tor 248 degr .. ol." treedoa. TAle olearl.)' 1ad1oat.ea
t.llat. the dU'!erenoe bet.veen tile aeaca ot \be two sro11p1
111 !ltatiatl.oallt lfli!iil1.t'1cut.. Obnoult• allbJeeU Jd.gb
h ego•at.rt,tngt.ll are lliuly t.o b&YI il.teat.er Job aaUetao\loa
than t.hoae low in ego•etrength. U,pothea1a 2(b) 1• t.hua
contined.o
)d t.lt a vJ.n to t1ad1n.fi whetber or aot t.he •••• tna
ot ditteronoe alae exiate 1u reapeot ot the to11r aub
aa.~loa 1•••• ~f, AGJ, it Aftt Itt V&l ot8pUt.e4 for the
data or thaae aub•oaaplee •• wello Tbe reealt.a b&we &eea
put 111 Table V."i.
Iabl• vel
i'leane and •t• value• o! Job uCJ.ataoU.oa eooret ot hiilh ego•atr&ulth and low ·~•·•tren~t.h l.a reapect o~our aub•oupl•••
ii1'h Low &ab• • e:~»• o t.nn i tb ego-otreact.h Lnel ot aa.aploe. ---·········--·--·-······--··············-- t1ia1t1o•
Moan u SD Moan N SD t dt u••• ·········--------------·····--······------.. --·············---iii' ~d.JS ~J a. s1 42o8S 20 7.77 6.01 JB o.o1
ACF H.oo 1!) 1 Vo 54 41.70 10 'lo02 J.OJ 11 o.o1
f S4.J4 sa lo40 47.70 so 1.J.ic» J.24 11 J.01
u SJ • .Z6 45 7.;H 4-Z. 77 4.5 lo2J ~.sa .. a.at
101
froa \lle reaulta fl1v•n S.a Table v.·1, oae ua •••
~lla t. the a YOH~ie aoorea ot iU. gb ep•alrellct.a CI'OUi)a are
~reater th&A ~ne avera~• aoorea ot lGw eao-at.r .. jt.h
~roupa in aU oategoriea. 'fhllSt it oaa be aaiiS t.bat \be
••yloyeea b&vill~ hi1n ego•atraagt.h would teAlS t.~ be aore
ea t.l. a fl. ad ae ooaparoti to tlu1 nplo;;oe .. wi t.ll low eco
atren~tn. All the •t• value• are touad to be a1ga1t1oaat
&t 0.01 level ot conf1det~ch Hypot.h .. ll 2(b) h Ulul
uplf aupport.eli.
Thou roeult.a are abo llld1oat.a4 ill tile t'ora ot
bar•dh.,rlUI (.n,.2).
I::~to-•trell.;t.ll, willoh 11 related \o eaca61n& o~a .. elt
e.t'teoU v•ll in the events ot ll v1aii and wonia!J• 4epe.qda
••1all on tue llte expetieaoea ot t.he 1114Lv1dual.
hvoural>le expnleue Will l:lelp the 1ar11v141lal to build
a atrong ego ud oonUno~te expel'1e11oe to t.rauatio
aituat.l.oc will hhder ego•developullt. (lretidt 1946).
We ou J t~d.~t• tha ego•at:rengt.h ot a p1raoa troa bia abS.U \7
and the way ot ... Uil;t t.ha t.atic: • thl 1n41 vUual w1 \h a
atroll& &iO b&a btu·ned \ba oondiUoGa allov1a, exprauloa
•• alao tho .. re'i.ar111g 1Ab1 b1. t1o11 ot lapllll .. , aad 11
·~wipped with the oont.rol Geoe1ear1 tor dlraotia, \heir
expreu1 oc or 1rala1 b1 tioa. li111larlJe bo oaa tlad. bl'f aeeept.
var1 0111 rol .. la o011plex uJ oA&a~a, wol'l. 11 t.ua t1 OQee
j I ' 9l'f.t i Ill. II.
j ::;) ' i
.. oit s ... :ll: ~ ~ 1-
I I z
! l 1- ..
~ "' Ill 8£. V.!i I
' t 0 0 :3 " .... ~ ~ !~ ~ ~ z
i 0 ~I ~ oo·u fJf I < ... • I . 1t ~·.
·~
I a 1 ... ... l i 'i('fS ' I i Ill t I!) ~
:1 I "" I I ' .I :A
(l' ,, .. < .. e ...
• 1: 0 0
= 0 0 0 0 0
II- • ... ... N •
$MOll NOI1lf~I.I.YS tor "YJ"
.109
All ~n••• enable b1a ~o adJ~•' pro,-rlt avea ia a4yahAe
Job oon<.U.Uoue, and tool &or• aaUat1e4 porau •• oOIIp&red
~o &l\ 1ad1 vidllal wi t.b low ••o·a~H&aif\ll•
Jiunoa (H7J) 1n bh 1t11d1 obtal.uo4 poeiUV'o nlaUoublp
betwee~ vor~ aat1a!aotion an~ •&•••tronjt~. a. touad that
tho au bJ eota wJ. tn 111 ~h •11o•a traa,t.h aool"ll wore a ore
•• ti af1od 1111 th t.lloir work tlia.ll t.iloaa 111 t.h aU.bor ••41 wa
or lov a,o•atrongtn aoor••• Tho aaaa \fpe ot relaUoaab1p
waa found 01 M~trphf (1174) 111 lU.a •t•cit oa dutm\ary
Jtt po\httt 1 Hal vu a •tau• au • t.a a a1in1 n.ou ~
netat.l.we ralatt.onabip betnaa Job aaUatao\Loa &114
ne~&rot1o1aa•. Tb1a can be nov oper&t1onallt atate4 al
•taero will be a 11 &A1 !1 Call t uq;a \L •• oonda \Lon betva11i
Job aat.iata.oUoll ecoru alld IIIIII'Ot.1o1n toor .. of the '00
ltlbJIOtl of t.ld.l ltlld)'• 'lo t .. t tldlt prodi&Ot. .. MeUt.
ooetf1o1erat of correlaUoo waiJ oo.p~at.ed. The l'lll<.l
obtained •re pr .. ent.ed 1n Table V.10.
It'Rlt y.l 0
Produot-.oaez:at ooettlo1•at of oorrelaU•D betvooll aoor•• 011 Job aatitft.ot.ion ud nurot.io1u aoalaa (lll•~Oo).
HI&IUJ'II OQ lOili
Valu ot 'r'
1£ Lnel ot 11 641 ti MAOI ........................................................
Job aaU.ttaoUon ud
le11n \1. eiu
110
Qa an h1poot1on ot Table Y,1 o. 1' h obar t.ut tho oorrelaUoo bet.w .. n Job ••t.letaoUon u4 ne¥rot.1o.L••
1a llOt&ti ••• li'urt.her, the obtaiAed. w.a.l~o~o ot 'r' I.e •Ot57,
whLon ia al<tl.!l.l.t'icaat. at o.o1 level ot ooGt14oaoo. Tbl<
it Ollll be aat'el;t oonohdod. tnat. t.nere e&i.at.a & a1p1t'1oan~
nogat.1.vo correlation bet.w .. n Job a&tJ.ataot1on an4
n.urot.ioiaa • In ot.ne:r word a, li;Fpo\~ .. 1• )(a) l.e a11pport.ecl.
A.,;a1n, to au lfbet.her t.he •••• t.ype ot rel&t.iottabip
uiat1 or not. O.tli .. A Job uthfaotion aacl aeurot.toiaa
ecoro• in roapeot ol t.ho four lllb-a .. plel .L.o.,Gl, AGF,
F, AI, product-.oeeAt ooettic1eat.a ot oorrelat.ioa voro
co.~putod bet.~ou,•o t.ueir aoor-u 011 Job eat.iataot.ion &JLd oa
neuroticiaa. The reel<a have 0.~. proaont.e4 in Table Y.11 •
. ··~· y.Jl
Prod11ot-.o.unt coet.t'iol.onta of correlat.ioll bo\111 .. 4 •oor .. on Job sa t.111'actl.on aail aeuroU o11a tor t.l:le t'ollr '" b•lupl•••
Sub•••• plea li Val~o~e ot clt Leyel ot 'r' 11 IIIli t1 oaaoe.
····-·--·----------------·--····-····-·············-··--Gi' a2 .i). o1 ao 0.01
ACF )S -0.62 )6 o.o1 1 2()0 •0• 5S 1'18 o.o1 Af 110 .o.,o 174 o.o1
111
U O&ll be aea11 tru 'fable V. 11 \Ia& \ aU. \he 410efth1C t.•
. of oorrebt.Ua botv••11 Job aat.Utao\l.oa aa4 ~t.e11ro\1oha
uorea tor tho to~ar atAb•auploa are aeaaU.,. a~t.d a1p1f10&D\
befOlld 0.01 l1Yil O! OOllfidoaoe, 1a41e&t.iag \ha1'0~1 &
al.gnU'ioalltl1 Aaga\i.ve relatl.oaalll1p bet.waaa t.laa t.110
taotora. Thaae reaulta tnua 111pport. Htpot.a•~• )(a).
In ot.nor vorlla, ll.lbj acta aoorlac lll1ch oA owrotJ.o1• are le,.
lilt eli t.o be .. uars. ad 111 t.l.l tl'la1r J oba.
l4t po tuuu J ( 2} a t.a to a a •&a bJ eo t.a wUll. b1 '.1'1
aa~.&roUoi•~ are UJ.:•lt to aave l••••r aaout. of job
1at.1ataot1oa th&A tAo .. low U. r&ellN\1o1 .. 11• In oriar t.o
obtai:\ endue• tor t.iU.a, 1 t. vaa propoaeli to ooapara \be
job a&t.iaf'aotio!l aoor•• of .:l5 peroeot. of tllbJeot.a aoor1ac
!1.1 'll (!roa t.n• top} on tlu• Ulli"' \1 o1aa aoale v1 t.h tl'le
Job aat.l.atact.lOA IOOI'el of .2} perce11t of lllbJeota aoO.riAC
low {fro.. the bo Uoa ). The r .. 11l u are giYu 111 Table v.12.
Tabla Y,12
Heaaa a11d •t.• Y&ll.la of Job nuataotJ.oD aaorea ot' bi(b &44 loll IUIII'Ot.l.oia• ii"'ilpO ( .. 12S 1a eaob &Nilp) •
SD . ,. 41'
----·················----······-·················--·······
1 ,_ 11 241 o.o1
112
Tablo V.1l atto111a t.bat. t.Jaa an• ot Job aati.ataoUo11
aooroa ot h:L,;h. nat.t.roU.o1u iJ:I'OIIp 1• 4a.as acut that ot
hw !Ut.trott.oi•• 111 ~0. S.i, wllioh h,pllea \11.&\ • poraoa
wJ. tn h1'h 1U11rouc lll&U uea t.aad.a \o be l.en aat.1atied.
t~l t.b ll1a Job COil Iii. U.o1a1 t.bu tho OAI ;rJ. t.h leur aelli'OtJ. o
'ill.&l1. tJ.••• Tno ol:>t.a1aed 't. 1 n.lu ( t•1 ~. 71) 1a a1 gaU1ou t
at G.:l1 lenl tor d! 243'• Jitpo\h .. ia J(b) h tau upport.od.
To ••• vnetnor tne •••• type ot d1ttora40I oxiata
or aot in roajleot ad t.bo i'o•.u· atotb•aupl.oa 1.o.GF, AGF,
ft Ai't tt,t IIIII OOillpllhd b<thll4 tho liO&I\1 Of biiA
llOIII'OtlOiiJI I.II'OUj? (!ltJi)OI' JS p01'0.4\) &nd of lo" llll.trOUoiH
61'011}1 (lowsr J) yercont) ror tho toar a~o~b•a&&~l••• faa
l'lllllta lll'<l ~iYilil 1!\ Table v.13.
labl! Y•ll
Kaatu and 't' valllaa ot Job aauataouoa aooraa ot M,4 na11ro u o1n t.tl:i low llllli'O U o1aa ;troll pi ot tha tour aab•aaaplelo
iA "11 !All &lb· lfe\lro t1. o1 u N•a I"J U o1 aa Lnel ot I•Uilllllo ............... -····--···-·············-·-···•1 p1 n.
file.&il li so ~tea ~a Jj SD t. dt &llOa. ·---------·---·----·--·-··----------------·--------· \.il )Jo'l ~ ~() .a. 40 S8o1 S .zo 'i.06 6. S'l ),5 o.o1 AQf J'i.JO 1J 7.U 57. 7J 10 11.<t4 4oU 18 ilo 31
f JJ.f>J SJ GoJ7 ''· #4
)J s.o1 n. 61 94 ;).01
u 41. 41 45 a.a7 ''· 5.)
45 7.J4 7. b7 u ilo01
113
Ill u uulutt.ol\ ot Table '•''• 1\_ia a'f14•at tut
the aeala job aatlat'ae~tio~a aoorea ot .bi,ta oaaroUolaa Cl'Ollp
1n el\cn sub-n.;aple :la l.ov"r tb&o \he •••a J.-.b aaUataet.l.oa
eoo:rea or low lleQN t.1 cl.•• _q;rot.ap ot t!la at.ab•aaaple. Tbia
in4le&t.ea that ~Htraot.ae who 11core higb 011 aet.a:ro\1o1aa aoale
are l.,a aatJ.atied wl til ~beir Job tbaa tile penoAa wbo
uore loll 011 tile •••• aoale. file obta1ae4 a1pit1C&At.
't.' vaJ.11u provtliu e~o~tfioieat atat.1a\1oal 1(1'011114 to
accept. H,ypothUiill J(b).
The reaults are aJ.aa ilY~ 111 the fora of bar•
dia,ra:a ( .rl it• 3 ).
lie~&rotJ.cu, 111 .£•noral, are ob&n.oterlae4 bl
eaot.1o11al iuu b1U tl• llfl&daptabl.li t..Y• 4apreu1.,. :aood1,
wea.;c depeac!a ble a tt.1 t.ud••• narro11 la tere1te and apptoae
ot aerYolle brealtdova. Thai •u•• dMiaa t•d 111 aea tal
aotltU ot.a wbioll tand. to ttJ.erup\ \tla orauha \loll ot
parao11al1 t.t• S>.lab aontUct.a u.1 h. coaao1olla or
uaoo~eo1olll, ~t they are alwa1• 4a•p•aea\e4. Maurotlo
v•n·aoaa al•o l• ~a llVll t.rol 301 \lle1r teellllfil• at. U ~:1os,
1d••• &ad !uootloAa. Th•l are aore aalt•o•atered aod to
preter~iaolate theaeelyea !roe tee vorl4 ot people u4
'
eoaial • ., .. t.a. To•r•tora, tlle1 tlra4 1 \ di tti 0111 t. to won
atteotJ.~•l1• to ceep appoioweot.a &all to J•t woril: <1ooe
aooorcl111" t.o aoheJyJ.••• lD ot.bar word•• 1 t. ia cUt'tlolllt.
tor t.bea t.o •••t. 11oraal 4eau4a ot t.be Job &ad t.la•l a utter
. ~ i i Ill
I ! IJ -i s I I z
~ ~ i
D
'., .. ' .. ' . '
.__ __ s, --~'-----1 i . . ·a
~-----04''------~. I .: · .. ··. . I , .... · ~~.__~_00 _.,, ~-------~~~l~
tis ~~~~~~:~~~~ I ··~ I .
;___ __ s_,. '_£ -----ll ~ ~
I II' L...----s•·_~ -------f ~ "
= ! •
• c
l14
troa :~aladjuauent. Thu. u, la obnolla t.ut tb.e •on
a peraoa 1• ne~o~rouo. tne ao.re ~~>• wo~&ld be dlaaaUatleli
111t.n hia Job.
Tn• obts.ined fiadinll£• are 1A Uu with Mo .. r (1HJ)
vl.lo t'ouad 11e~&rot1o dl•tuTballoea iaterteriac vJ.til Job
aauaracUou. Gala. (H6!1) tolld aegatt.ve rolat101Ub1p
bet.lleon Job ntill!'s.cUon •nd aellroUCiiae. I4 tu&ot.bar
atlldf, 1tehd1 an::!. s.Lalla (H71) reported a oorrela Uoa ot
•0.28 ~tlflile!l Job utiataotJ.oa aac1 aetarot1ol••• Mlurpll,y
(1974) to~&n4 tnat aabJeet.a "llo .. ore IAl&:h S.a eut.lol\&1
at& bill t.a •utr.o bethr aatl.at1e4 tll&a wen a~&bJeot.a
rdatJ.nlJ lH i::1 'ltllot.i.o:ul at.abi.Ut.,y. tlle r .. ,al.ta ot
t.iu1 prearaont at1d;t are \all.a h ooatora1tt with ~Ae above
!indinJ••
gao t,llOPif 4 <•} • t.a tea 1 •There uh ta a a1 ta1t1ou t.
netaUn relatiouhip !»tween Job aatJ.ataot1oa uc1 u&iet.t••
Thi.a oaa oow be opor&ti.)!Uill.t atated. •• 1 •tiaere vill be
a oe;aUYe correlation bet...,eu Job aaUat'aoUou acorea
u<i anxiety scores ot t.lle ;oJ eubJeet.e or t.lU.a at.lldt••
To verity t.nia, ;roduct-ao.aent. ooett1o1e!lt or oorrela\1011
wet co•putei. Tne reeulta obt&laeJ are preaeated 1o
Table v.14.
115
TabJ:t v.14
Produot..,.o:unt ooott'1oiont or oorrel&ti.OA IHitveu .. oreo on Job oat111tut.1on an•l on auiett (1•500).
Valu or 'r' ........................................................
J'ob SaU.ahctJ.on
!$ll<1
Jmnet.y .. o.ss •
498 o.o1
.t'roa Iab.l.e v.14, it ean b4l •••• ttlat. tno oorrolat.1on
bet.veon Job aatia1'aot.ion anJ ana1et.t io ao,at1vo (•O.SI).
!'llrtner, tne valtut or •r• (•O.S8) 1• •1p1tloaat M70Ad
0,01 level ot oou£1denoe tor 498 dt. B1pothooia 4(a)
1a tlll.lll ll.lOJ;>Orted., In ot.ilor ttorda, 1 t ou be 1&14 that
tho 20r~ ~ y•rj~4 1• •a4lOI.la, tho leaa ao would be
aat1»tiod with Ala job, \l1 tll 1aor•••• 111 annot.11 theJ>e
ia ll'•l.1 ~v l.iav• 10rw•t•~: <UuaUat'aotioll w1t.li th• Job.
l.ll ori.lo.r ti) u• lllitlitthor Gr aot. the •••• typo ot
rdat1ona!U.y uista o.ttwasn job aat.1ataot.1oll a11d anxiety
acorea or tue four aub-aaaploa AI vell, prod~ot•aoaont
oootfio1eat.e o! oorrelatJ.o~ wore OOIIputod betwooa tlle1r
1ooro1 oa Job aat.1ataot.1oo eoale arad arauot1 •oale.
Table v.t5 eno~• t.11o rea~lt.a obkloed.
XJblt LU
Coett1o1enta of oorrtJ.aUon b!tweea aeorea oa Job lat.iataeUoo ud. acx1et.t tor ~· tear all-.auplea.
&ib .. auplol il Val1.1e ol elf Lnd of
118
'r' a1 au t1 oaa ••
·······-·········-···--·-·········-····················· Qf 32 •0.66 80 o.o1
AGi' JS .a • .:>s J6 o.o1
y 2i'l0 •IJ. 57 198 o.o1
u 1iN .. a. :>lf 171 o.o1
oorrelatJ.oo. oo•tfic1enta b&tveOG Job aat.iataot.ion an4
uxle t.1 a corea tor all t.ne Cotir lllb .. au,ill .. art a ega \1 ve
aud :U.~llli a1;;n1Cl<Ulllt.• J.ndloaUAg •aertbt a ooaeidorable
negative rel&tJ.onaill.;> between t.ho two tactora. fll4t. ia,
vi t.ll 1acrea .. i:t anld•tl• t.llero J.a the Ultellbood tor
the diaaatiatactioa vi t.h the job to iaor .. oe.
lit;tgt.nuu t(b) reada a •&lbJeota vUb ll1ih IUl&ht.t
are l1,ol:t t.o ll&U l••••r uowat ot Job aa\1ataot.1oa t.baa
t.hoao lov in an<tt••
117
To nr.Ut tlU.e, the •t• t.e1t. wa1 appllecl t.o t.e1\ the
lii£41ti.oaAoe ot 4J.tt•r•,.o• bet.wec \be aeu Job ••U.•taoUoaa
uoro of 25 ptlrcont ot l:d!ib u.&1et1 ..abJect• (tzooa the t.op)
and the aeaa Job ··~•£ae~o~ ••oro of as perooat or lov
anx.ht;r subJ eota (1'roa t.lle bot to.). tue r1111l te are
11Wlllll\r1sed in Table v.1&.
TaDlt Y,16
>l<•ht.!U au.i 1 t' nlat~~ or Job aat11taot1oa aooree of h1i,~h anJ lo• an.dety ,;r.:HI.;Hii (:i•1Z5 1.11 l&oh liroup).
Groups dt Llv.l ot a1 gn1 fi ou oe •
-·-·····--·····-·---·-············-···-················
Table ·;.ti. silo•• t.nat. t.lle ;aoan Job eat.l.lt'acUon
acore uf hl._;h unety ~rou:,> 1a 41.31 an;! tllat. of low
llll.dety .;ro~o~p ia 56.;.7. Ouvloull,h t.be aore &llxloa•
t>er1oa11 are leu aaUetied vltb t.bel.r Joba tbaa the
leu ll."lXi.')I.IS 7:'1911• !he obt.al!leJ •t• Y&lue (t.•14eJ2)
La ai~:U!ioaat. at o.o1 level or oont1Jence tor 248
de •re• ot' !reo..iolle Thea• rea Ill \.1, t.hlll leAd euppor\
to lllpot.au11 4(b).
111
111 or4er to ••• vhet.aer o:r oot. t.aa , ... ,,,. ot
dit!oron.ee axiat.a btltveu t.ne Job ea\1etae\1oa '""' ot
the tvo a£t.reu sro~&pa (bi ti4 &lllllh\J aaa4 l.ov u.c.lo\7) 1ll
re1poot. ot to~&r a~&b••••ploa, •t.• t.o1t. 11a1 applied. Tho
I" .. Ul\0 nan Dei!!A pi"OOO!ltltd h Table Ve17o
Tabla Y,17
Ma&ll.l and •t.• ••lao• of Job aa\itt'aoU.oA 1aor•• ot hi'h and low aanet.1 grou~s of t.ao tour ollb•tupl•••
lll. <ih auie ty l.Dw &llld.0\7 &Abe -· __________ ... ··-·-··-.......... ·····-·-······ Ll••1 ot l&~pl••· i'l~tan H ;;)l.) ~<ean It SD t. dt llpit'•
1ca~aoo. ------------------------·-··---------········-·-·····-···--lli J).~'j ~J 7.'}7 b..'lo 75 20 u.zo lJo Hl n :>. !)1
Alii 4Jel0 lJ J.14 54.\;(} 1;) 5.66 4.62 u o. Cl1
i' 4J.Jd 50 ).)J 57.02 50 s.77 ... 7t 18 a.a1
1i' .40. 51 45 s.l1 54.11 45 6.46 s. S'} 88 o.o1
.Froa t~e l'081Jl ts ~ Ylll l.ll Table Yo17t 1 t. Call bo
aaao tua t. tlla •a•n Job •• t.l. atao\1oaa •ooroa at hi 'h aaxi ot7
,ti"OOI,> 11 lo11ar thiLil tao .18&3 Jol:l 1&\il.t'&O\lOQ 1001'•1 or
lov s!lld.I\.Y .;roup ln all \<u llll:l•a&ai)lot. TOI.ll lll<f~Oata
t.llat. tno ;ertoru nann; lli,;n cJe,.roo ot &llld.at.Y are 1•••
•• u ar1e:l t.haa tu peraona n. Yill" low dot~r•• or &llail\1•
111
.Ul the obt.a1ood •t.• v&lao uo a.1ca1l1oall\ at Oe01 level
of ooatidoo.oo. 'tbua, t.nuo r .. •lt.a ooat1n B,rpot.boa1o 4(b).
The .reaul ta are also vrean tecl 111 tho ton ot bar
dhtru (U"•4).
'&tun•• is a 4enoral a.:ro .. Mt tbat ao.l1at11• a ••'-1
state ona:raoteriud bf n,;;~te roar aad. approbena1oa whioll
dla tort the ind1v1 dual 1a pe~aoptJ.ooa and aod.o or thiakioc•
Alt.llottl>!l 11. aoderato aao1.1nt. of aaxiot.;r t.oa4o to fac1U.tat.o
tn• etn o.l.'*ut :~nctla.:ti<l; or u .1.=.41 vltiual,u inoreau
O..vond a certain level i.a llitelt to M dhtiiTl:d.llt u<l
diao:r,;an1lll!n~. I.f t,llo an.x1ott loYal 1a too lov, \tl.e
iadi Yi ;:!u~o.l ill 1moono•rno:.i a!lol&t ''*• taa& at l:uutde It,
011 tue ot.hor hanlo t!HII l11vo.!. ia too b.i.i!lbt he biH'IOillea
aonflli<~~ anJ .11 aor.;lllt:i zo:i. !lon~al an.xiet;r or aJud.a\;y
ill t.n'll ~.i.l:!lo r.:.:::..;o ~r !.nt.t>:lsit.1, 1a a8lloo1at.e4 v11ih
et'teotivo wor~. !ioraal uxiety, aooo.rd.in, to Mat(19!10))
1e the teel1n~ that th• l4dlr1dwal exyeriecoea vnen the
val~•• eeeen~lal to ale e~etoao• are ture&\OAo4. It
1a :1ecosaar;t for ruactionin.,; ae •oU.on&lly ••~~~r•d
1niiv1.Jual. In l.ta ailder toJ'I .. , u. bolpa u \o be
coD oerlle•J a boat f'eel1 n,.~• or ot.aero, aad .iceepa 111 troa
betla vi n.; 1. n w•1• tna t. are eeeea Uall¥ 1••• t.uro.
Ae an inuivijual Aovee t.hrolllh Y&riowa ~h•••• ia
iitrerent 11alu of llfo o&:aoout.orill' 1111t.o cUnrae ait.~aaUou,
"' ... • 8 "' ~ u ~ ... c "' • ~ z c ... s
70
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10 0
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'L£
$ •
.•
120
he develope 1peoitic anx1et1ol •••••raiaa var1o•• 101poceat.o
ot tkooo pna•••• Tn••• epeoit1o aaxio\loa aro proJoo\e4
iD t.ho 1ndhidud11 bollav1ollr &Ad a4Juat .. Q\ witla bif
eanronlllont.. lor a 1a&n of \he ao.tora worl4. hh J ob•Uto
11 ot 111\.ICtl lli&n.l.f1CIU1COe People oac&go t.lulaoolvea 1c. Jobo
whore tboy •pend ;a oro houra tba.u 1n &Ill. otbor aoti Y1 it•
Thlle, 1 t i.a cle-.r. t.ll& t. tor ettooti.Yo fuaot.ioaill!h 1."''<1
AUit learn to tolerat.o anxietJ and 4ot por~it tboaool•••
to 'blil OVCU'll be.lu.i by 1 t. e
~plo;oe11' Job sat11tacUon1 adJ~aat.unt an.:l h;b.a•trlal
aoralo ba-n l.leen oo•orvod t.o 0. atlvu• .. lJ athot.oli by the
high dogrse or lln.detj'e illu.•lnataY& &ll4 Slnba (1972) hue
1Ui:$Uh·.i a na.;ativo rolati-::u~eld.,p b.tt.11ooa Job nt.l.•tao\1oll
aad Job ~n~iet1• The lludi~~· ot \be proeen~ et~dt too
llolpj:;Ort tlle !LnJll'Lj4 or St.rl. v&et.aYa IJUllt Slnha (1972 ).
In ott~ttr w:lr:is, l t. e!\:a he. ~J.&i4 til&t. • jleraon wi til. W. &il
do;;rtuJ of anxlett 11 ll.teli to foal liJ.aaatllfleJ 111 th
lUI j oo.
fitpo tllfe.La S(al .,u a •thno ui • ta a al. ,sQi tt. o.&ll tlt
ne4&t.l.Ye relat.io!llhi? betve~n Job aatiatactloa and
1ntolora:toe of ubi;.;uit¥••
Tnl. • ean !10" be o.,ora t.1ozaall.1 aot1zaoi1 •• •ta•r• will
be a e1 :;;Ill t'1~:a:1t no&ati n oorrolatioll betweu Job eat1.ataot1o~a
aoor•• aa·i ill tolerance oC u bi.!llll t1 eoor .. oC t.be ~00 OllbJ oot.a
121
ot thia study•. To teat t.t111, prod~aot-uaaat ooat't1o1eat
or correlatl.oll waa MJapu.t.ed. tile :realllta are g1Yea 1a
T• blu v.ta.
fabJ.J Jell
Pl•o,1aet•·A·n<r~:~t llO<ill."f'.l.ililill:lt of oorrelaU.on be\waen •cor•• oa. Job $4t.1.S£1i!1ot.io:~ &11<1 intolar&lloe or ubi.gloll.t)' (Ne5QG).
i~lt&SIJ.t'tiS Oll scale
dt Lllvel or •t ~;'111 ti O&lllhh
----··--·-···-------.··---··········-······-·····--·--··
l.nt.olotrt:-tee of
A.: bi :r.ai. ty.
o.ot
an;t l;:t toloranc11 or u bL:r;lli ty a corea ia nel&ti .,.. The
obt:~.i:lli-' uo<J~·t'i~l.ent G:: cornlatioa 1a (•:l.S1) 'lllllOll
11 ai.;:.~iiLc:..at at. v.J1 level ot coati:Jenoe. l'ilis ?l'OYI..dora
n.•t.1.8t.lo~&l a·J;),.'ort to llypot.aoaia Ha), wllioh l!~dlcilte•
t.ll&t J lb utl11'.1JW.on 1• l.i..;n1t'1oalltlt ud lle.o&UYalt
relat.e:J to l;t~Olorl1.1QOI Of &«oiotllitte fbllae th• ta,hal'
a acore 0.1. t .• e il~toler&aoe or Ub.1.61l1t1 aoale, \ile .. auer
Ifill bo tn• Job •at.l.ataotJ.oo aoore.
122
Further. to ••• wnotnor or aot tbo .... \Jpe of
rol4tiona!U.p ox1ata bot.wo•n Job aatiatao\loa aooroa ancl
int.olor•noe ot· &11 b1 uu.l t.)' acoroa ia roapoot. ot t..llo to\lrt.
aub•sasvles aa well• ,proJ_.ot. ... 4ljJIOD\ ooottioioat.a of
oorrela ti on ilare oo:a~ut.ed _ b•tvooa t..llo aooroa oa t.llo
two aosles or sll tna ftllll' sub-euploe eoparatol1• Tho
rsault.a have boon 111Uuaar1ud ill Table v.u.
i'roduct.-.ao~ent coertl.o1eat.s ot oorrolaUoa O.tvoo11 Job n tJ. 1 facti on ar.Hi in t.olon:lo• of u b1 a:ld. t.1 uor.a ot tour 111b- 11u plos.
Val11• of 'r'
dt Leyol ot a1 ~1 ti naco • ........ ... --.............................................. .
Gf 80 a.ot
A\.1 Jil J6
2JO
1!1;) 171
•
fro.ll tno rualt.• (.1V'8n 1n Tablo v.1'J. it.ia on.:loat.
that all tbo obt.ai::ao~ ooot!ioiorau ot oorrolaUom bot.voon
Job uUataotlon &1\11 iat.olon!loo ot ubl,W. t.1 eooroa are
11ogaU••• Tboao oorrolaU.ou aro a1p1!1out. boJcta4 0.01
lonl or con!'idonoo. 1'bllt• 1 t. MD M a&l4 t.ut. t.here
uiot.a a ai~n1!'1oa11t.ly 111gat.1Ye rela\loaald.p bet.veea
123
Job .. u.raet.ion ad intolerance ot ubl.!lta.l.t.7• Hypot.heaia
S (a) t.bue get. OUJ1port.ed.
i/3QS?t.ijnlt SO.t~ atatu: "s..&bJeot.a ld.Yi.nat hl~Eb
l.!l.tohranoo of Ubi..,£\U t.1 ilill ld.YI len UOilllt. of Job
tatia1'aoUo11 tilan those navh.g low 1ato1oranoe ot ubi.gta.l.t.7••
. In order to obt.ain nidqeo tor \ld.s llJpot.ll••S.S•
1t. wu proposed to Oo3pare tho aeana of bl.&b J.n\oleruoo
group (upper ~5 poroont) anJ ot low 1a\ole.aaol aroQp
(lower 25 percent) 14 roapeot. ot ~I' Job eaUataoUo
aooroh lb~t ruult.o are ~l. -ron 111 'table v.ao.
Table y.ao
Mtana anJ. •t• vlllu or Job sa.\iatao\l.oa uores ot eubJeeta with lll,:;ll intolerance ot ubf.glllt.)' ud nbJto\a vi t.h low in t.oloranoo of u b.l illli \7•
SD .,. 4t
··-----------------------·--·--------·····--····------·· 11. gh 1a t.olor!llco 4).1)0 1.n ot u b1. &~&1 t.t
13.66 241 o.o1 Low ill t.olel"&!aoe 56.74 7.91
ot u h1 (1&1 t.1
124
J'l"oa Table v.2o, 1' 1a o'l14•t. \bat. "'· .... J•'b
aat.l.lt'aotl.ora aooro ot .blah 1atole&'aaoo ot uiiiLI(II1t.J cn•p
1o 4l• 00 ud. th& t. o t lov b. t.oluu oo .r uiiiL p1 \J ,,...,
1a 56e 78. Th118, 1 t. tollovo t.bat. a porooa ld.&ll 1a lat.oleraaoo
ot' at~b&.au1.t.1 1la UUl,y t.o be 1 ... ae,tiatiocl t.baa \ho poraoa
vho .Lo lov 1 n u hi. Jlli t1 tolei'&Aoo.
The obt.ainod 1 t 1 nl.u 1a toud o1pit1oaat. at. Oe01
loYel of oontillonoa tor 24a docroo ot tnOitoa, Th.La pro'f14oa
a at&Uatioa.l ground to accept S,po\hoaia 5(b).
'ro 000 vhothOl' tho &!l\10 \JpO Of (lffOI'ftOO ollliat.a 01'
not .La job aatJ.afutJ.on aoor .. ucl latolei'&Aoo ot ubl~~tui\1
aooroa i~ roapoot of tho tour aub-o .. plo •• voll, •t.• vat
e;apJ.oyoa bet.11eon tbo iiiO&U of t..bo bi&ll illiolOI'UOO Ub1.gtd.\y.
gro11p(uppor 2S poroent)ud ot lov iatolei'UOO ot ub1clli t.y
,.roup (lover 25 percent). tho roaulu bawo ta.on pnoutod
in Table v.21.
*•til• y.21
Me&lli &4d Itt Y&ll.lU of Job MtiOt&otiOII 0001'00 ot 1nt.oloranoo or u bt.;ai tt grol.l., u!l lov illt.obruoo u b1 gl.l1 t.1 i:l'OI.li) ot•;tol.lr nb•auploa,
1(,;11 in t:Oieranoe tOw btolol'&lloe Su b• or u b1 £ZU1 ty ot ald. gll1 i1 Lnol ot •a~pl••·--··-----------·-·--•••••--•••••••••••••·----•1gD1t1o•
!'IO&ll It :>D lleaa Ji SO i lit &llOO
.. ---·-------------------·········-----···-····--·-······ Gf 4J • .Z5 .lO 6.J7 5a.u ao a.5l 6.,, )8 o.o1 AGF 4J.2J 1:) beG~ 5J.'JO 10 1~45 4.)7 18 0,01 , 47.10 50 1.58 57.46 50 7.69 6.U '18 0,01 .
Ar 42.)1 '' ie21 S6,91 .u 6.52 9.aa •• 0,01
125
A looic at table v.21 rnoala \b.&\ t.bo aoaa J•-.. uaractJ.on act:u·• or b.!.Jh ht.oleraa .. ot Uli:ri.&IU.\J CJ'O'Ilp
toned ill ru,>nt. ot ••on ub•auple 1a h&U.ar t.hu \Ao
:aean job aatiafa.etJ.on uore ot lov 1atobnooe ot u'llllcll.l.t.7
,:rou1~• Th1a nuea t.a that ,i>U'llolla wao oauo t. toler& to
u b1 gili t.iu are lou ea t1111t.i.e<l \Au . tu puaoD vbo ""
tolerate ub1"'u1 tJ.u. Tho ob'-iao4 •t.• ftlllaa aro
a1&nifl04llt. a~ o.i>1 bnl wlitoa pnY14oa a autticd.oat.
at.at.istJ.oal bash to accept liypo\hoa1a S(l:l)e
The reauita aro alao vraaoa\ed 1a 'h• tora ot
bar•di&!l;r'lUI ( !1. ~· !i).
lll wlorance or f.;j bL .rili ,, ,..: .... t.o • diapoei u .... the p1.rt. of a peraon :aot. to aooopt a at&\e ot &tlail'a
capable or alt.err1at.e 1~tu•l)ret&t.loaa or ot alkmat.o
ou. too.t u. Aa b1 I}Uou• ai twa t.1 ou produoo aaJ'ko4lr d1 ttoroa t
r•aot1ona in dirtereAt 1n.Uvidual•• i'ooplo vho an
irlt.olnant or ub.L,Id.ty are rol&Unl7 oloao4 t.o aev 1atoN&t.lo•
vW.oll vo\Ud 11\oreaae t.b.e iiil.lUplod.t.J ot & Mgll1t.1Yo
aya\oa. IUdur (H62) repor\od \hat. ponoaa \ene4
aa 1nt.olorant. or u b1 g\&1 t.y were fotuad \o be a oro
oon ven t.10ll&le oau t.1 oua an.i ordiA&.I'J ra \bar t.b&ll
llllOOnvoaU.onal, <larinJ anJ 1n41Yiclua11aUo. I\ ll&a beoA
round that. perunsharinJ hi.;h oapaol\7 t.o t.olorat.o
•• b1 ~Ill. t.1 vere a lao oroa U YO
.iAleaah aad it011e11 t., 1 j <:14 ).
per•••• ("-•••• 1~60,
&ocoa (1961) aa4 ftldoll (1~66)
D HIG
H
INT
OL
ER
AN
CE
O
F A
MB
IGlJ
TY
G
RO
UP
.
70
LO
W
INT
OL
ER
AN
CE
O
F
AM
BIG
UIT
Y
GR
OU
P.
&0
Ill ...
so
"' 0 v Ill
;z
~
40
.. u .. ... '1
;:::.
.. Ill
10
ID
0 ~ 2
0 l
I ; 111
;1111
I ;
Ill ;11
11 I ;
111~1
111 I ;
1111~
1111 1 ;
:1
10
0 I
I 1
¥1
11
1
/~
TOTA
L 5o
UFL
E
&EN
ERA
L FO
REM
EN
ASS
ITT
. G
ENER
AL
FOR
EM
EN
FO
REM
EN
AS
SIT
T.
FOR
EMEN
PIS
. S
. S
HO
II
G
ME
AN
Jo
. ~SFACTION
SC:O
II£5
O
F G
RO
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S
WIT
H
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Ate
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W
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oi.
ER
IF C
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8-.~LES .
128
have tound ~bat \oleruoo tor .. ld.&IIS.\1 otM& aoMepu1o•
111 th a villlllgu .. to ohugo 011•'• op1a1oa ud to MleNH
:aow experience.
Thlllllt an 1n.U.'I1dual who ou tolorato .. blpitlel
h sai. d to bo a ore capable to cope w1 \A lllll\rll&ot.aroll
obJeot.;a or n·outo aa ooapare:l to tho por•oa wbo f.a .,
1n toloran t ot ul:d. .;IU tL ••• and heaoe ••r• aatlaft.iecl v1 t.h
hia job oondit.lou re&ar.Uoaa ot Job oNpleld.t.J•
iU ;.to j.llull! 2 Ct. ) wau • Thoro ext. a t.a a a1 gal tt. cut.
Ao,;ativo rdatl.oaaW.p tat.vun job ..,\1etao\Lo!l ud
au thor.L tarianis<J•. It. ou a ow be open \Leaall1 dot1ae4
au • There exi. a ts "' ai. "a1 1'1 cut. ••1• \1 •• aol'rela tl. oa
bet.w .. 11 Job ntJ.stact1on uo:r .. ud atat.b.orU.ar1.aa1a
acores or tho 500 allbJect.l of t.h11 etl&dJ•• to teat Wa,
product.•.:ao.aont ooetti.cient ot oorrelat1oa vu 0011pliltod.
The renl ta o bta1ned are •~&uanae4 1o t.ble v.22.
T!b1! y.i2
Prto~d:.l ot-ao.a eat ooe1'f1 ol. ent of oor:rela Uon be\veu •oor .. _,n job ut.i.afactJ.ou and autllor1tat1.aataa (Moo!iOO).
Keaa~Area OQ
aoale Vaiu of
'r' Lovol or 11 ~Ill t1 0&11 •••
----------------·-------·········--··--·······--······--· Job sa t1. ataotJ.oQ
a::a:S
All \:00 r1 t.a r1. ani A
-J.4l
127
'l.'aablo v • .a.< revnh tllat. t.b.e obt&1aed ooett1e1eo~ ot
oorrelation (.J.4:.!) botween Job aaU.etaaU.OD &44 au\borital'1all1e>
aoorea 1a rae.;a.t1n. further. t.IIS.e 'f&lua 1• 11&1l1tio&4\
betond !JoiJl hvol of cont'1Jeaoe. Thuae tl:\11 tt&tJ.at.loall1
t1,;nit1cant correlation b~tt.wun Job aat.lataotJ.oa anJ.
aut.llori tarl.a;'liU 11cor<u tHlowo tnt. t.ne aora a paraora ia
&l.l tliori tarilll.n in nature, t.ua leu h• would. t.tnul to l:Ht '
utisfio-.1 wi t.a i1la Job.
' b orJer to seo wn~tner t.na eua t.Jp• or ralat.1oraalt.p
exists or '1:>t il<lt'loo:l jol:l i&tiataillt.lon. ud aut.l:lor1 t.ar1u1••
acorn in rUplct o!' tho fc'J.r alotb•l&lllple•• prodi.tot-.OIII•at
ooefticionta of corrol&tioa ot~u·e oCNpll\od bet.waoa t.bo1r
aooroa on job u~iatact.io11 anJ aut.horitariaa1M. The
reaul.t.s have boeu ,~i. veu 1n !able v,.;u,
Iahl! Y•23 ?rodllct.•.-a3aa.<tt. co~ffi.eleata ot: correlatJ.oa. O.tweoa ecoree o~ Job uuersotion aaJ a.IJ.t.hori.tarl&AiH tor t.no four a a b- aa.J ,-l e 111 •
VdllO ot 'r'
d£ .t.nel ot 1111ll1fioaaoe,
······-·-··--··--······----····-····--·-·····---·--·-··· a a
J6
~JJ
1JJ 178
121
froa t.he re11.1l t.e ,1 V'lll 1a Table v.:u, 1 t. 11 o b'lloua
t.ha t. all t.lle oo ttt'i c1 an t.a o t oo rrela t1 Oil be t.veQ Job
aathtaot.l.OA &ll<l &l.lt.mu'i. tll.rl&niae aoorel tor the to•n•
e~ab-eaapJ.ea a.ro toWld to be u,a t1 •• aacl are 1li&'Qit1oaaci
at o.o1 l•••l or oout1donoe, ll:ldlo&Ulli t.herobt a
ooaat derab.le Ulo\\4 ti "• rola t.1onah1p betve4tl\ t.he t.wo raotor••
Than ruults oloal"ly a~t;>O'ort lltpot.helia 6(a)1 t.ut 1a1
the .1oro a ;utreon .\.a of author1tar1aa aat.uro1 the 1•••
he will tead to be sa t.lafhd t</l, th bla Job.
itilothU\t 6(2) etat.u u a •&aoJut.a aoon.a,"' bl~h
in autoorl tu'i.an.tu an lhalt to a¥• l•••er uo11nt. o£
Job sat.1atllllct.i.on t.i~an t:.Ovilllil lott 1D &llt.borl.taria:Uea IOf.n•ee•.
To obt&ill IV'i>iauoe for t.~d• nnot.h .. il, t.he ••••• ot the
Ai.;;h flll.ltnorit.arhm (up>>•r :l5 peroeat.) ad low ut.ur1tarhoiae
(lo~tor .25 porceat) wero eoayt1ted. tae rat11lt1 aro i!HA in
:t'a ole v.l4.
•n• and •t• nlo.~• or Jab eatittaoUOA aoor11 ot A1&h anJ low aut.ilori t.&riu .;ro11p• (Uto12S 1a eaola gro11p).
Cro,.;a :ioaa SD It. I d!' LeYel
... -----------····· -·-------·-··--··········-·-·····-iA..)l:l a11tbori t.arian .o. 10 1 o.1J
7.7J
121
A 11bnoo at Table Ve24 ronal• \M\ \lao .... Job
tatlat'ao~on .. or• ot l:d.&ll. allt.Ur.Lt&daa CNIIP 11 4J.70 aa4
that of low authorit&r.La11 ;JI'OIIp 11 .Ue01. r1u1 lower J•'t-at.1efaot.ioJ1 800ro8 ot hl&~l:a a~o~taor.Ltai'J.aa &Hop el.MI'll
hdioat .. tut ;>eroou vJ. tb uro &llhei'Uai'J.u q..Uti~t
aro leu o&t.t.atled with their Job. file obk1ao4 ''' •&1•• 11 9.88, vhiob 18 11pU'1caat at Oe01 leftl tor 4t a41•
fbo htpotheata ia t.btUI olearly ••P,.I'Md• la othor wone,
it can be said tlat lli,;h authoi'J.ki'J.aa ,.Hoao are
oouiderablt leu aaththd tlwl tu low aa\Jaol'i t.aftu oa•••
IUrtbor, to ••• whether or aot tao taao ,,,. ot
ditt'oroaoo uiste ia respect of tho fOill' tub-taapl.oe ••
vall, •t• was OOIIIputod bewooa \h OH.IlO ot !d.ab
authori t.r1aD.!.as :1roup (uppor 25 9fii'Oiot) u4 ot low
&llt.llor.L t.&r1&ala• .{roup (lower 2S ,.rooat), fllo noal.u
are tiJ.yen ill Table Ye45e
Iablt Y.2S
Moau ud •t• Yalau ot Job ntlofae\l.oa '""' of Jd.ah &ll tbol'1 tar.Lan1 n and low a11 thori. \ariaoJ.• cro•p• ot'~o•r lllb-IUi)ltOe
lt "h IAv Slab• &l.lt.h~r1 t.arlaniu u\UI'1ul'1w• Lnel.et IUpleae .. ---·-···-·-··-···-------··-··-·---·•leal tl•
Me&ll II SD Meu I ID ' 4f ..... ............................................................. Ill 44.00 20 7.o6 ss.u 20 i.Ja 4.01 '' o.o1
''"' J'J.2J tv ~.n 6.l, 70 10 7.6o 7.ao 11 o.o1 1 u.so so 1.36 ss.6a so 6. J1 6.16 ,. o.o1
" 40.24 .u a.u S.l.J6 45 7e05 a.oa aa o.o1
131'
Tabb Ve2j shova t.bat. t.llo oo&a Job I&Uetaota.oa
aooro of b1&h aut.llori tarhn l;Ntap i.e •&.Lln \.baa tao
aean Job aat.l.sft.ot.J.on score or lov aat.lloJ'S.kriaa CHtap
1A all tao el.lb•euplea. Tbia hd1oa\oe t.Jaat puaoae
aoor1ng ni~th on nthori W.r.lan1• uo le11 a&t.llt1o4 ' .
111 tb t111or job than tnou aoorilli lov ora the 1aeo eoalee
.Ul tho obtained •t• val1.1u are follad to be e1cll1t1out.
at 0.01 level o.C coutidenooo l'bh pro'd4oe a ltat.I.IUoal
b .. 1a to aocopt li.}'potlleaia 6(b). fa••• tao uro a porua
11 authoritarian in nat!lre, the 1••• he tdll tea.4 to
be aat1etioc1 vith his Job oonc11Uoa••
The rual ts are also 41 f'Oil ia t.llo ton ot Mf'•
<U.a;;ru ( n ;;. (;, ). L ' '\
A11taor1 t:Lrl11:11u i.s <loaoeptllaUaed u iallloaUH
ot an 1nd1Y1.dual wno woulil ri,Jldlt acl.bero to ooaHaUoaal
wal~a... Adorno anJ hie auool.at.ee (1~50) uv •• \.bo
oore ot the authoritariGn ;a~t.•rD• a ••t ot bob&Yioaral
uci att.1. tud1nal oll&raot.eJ'iaU.oa rotloot.t.ac a proooeta•
i)&tlOD vit.h t.n• taot.or• ot power aacl &llt.hoJ'S.\Jla
ht.erper•onal relet.1ouh1p. 1A ua .. ot 41tt1nl\J•
aa a;at.hori tarian i>•r•on 11 al•o UkelJ to be 1"1114
ac4 1Alle&1ble in bis at.UC.ad .. aacl beb&YiOIII'o
0 .. 0 ... ... '
SJIIO)S NOI1:rtJSiiYS eor ,. ... • •
0 •. -
iira,ort (1'157), Jn .. (1U?), aa4 lll.ott (1951)
hue f'oun..t tn.t. IU!;b authoritariaaa aro aoro J'J.a;Lil aa4
14f'lexi blo th&n loll a ~a tbor1 t.arhaa. &aet \lat1 are
1'1;~14 in their approach, tbet do ao\ like UJ •••••
in the tradi Uou whl ell are uitUA&• PoaioaJ ..
· ud l:il.nu:h (H72) fnna a .aoderatolt poa1Un rel.aU.oa•
ahlp (r• o.l!ii} bctwoea low ut.lloJ'J.tanuiu aad Jolt
aatiat'aoUon. After olasa1tlilli \lao aubJoe\a ••
h1.;a. 11oderat.o a11<1 low in t.or:u ot Job aaUataotJ.oa
aoor••• th.-y to:utd t.nat. low Job aatiltaotioll 11
poa1 t1nly correlated w1 tn autherl tari.aa1n c ... o.7))
aad hi;Ih job aatiatacUon tht,;at1Yel7 oorrol.atod wit.Ja
uthor1t.a.ria.uiu (ra -0.45). Tho roa11lt1 of t.hiaw
1tt11d1 lend: au,Jport. to t.uo above tiruU,AlJil•
T& ble v. 46 •uuart :ua tllo roa11l t.o of tho
iA t.oroorrol& tiona uon,; aeven Y&ri&bloa (ollo 4opoaoloAt
and a1x il'ldopenden t ).
131
132
Table Y•26
Var1&bl• ll D 14 u 16 17 11
............................................................. l.( - •Vo !15 •\Jo 4o a • .Jz .o • .u .o • .J1 o •• ,
.0 .. o. 55 - o.~} .a • .u Oe)) o.J4 .o.51
14 ..o. 40 vd1 - •Oo)l u. ).J o.aa ·"·" 1~ "· Jl •Oo42 -tJ.)IJ - -o.aj .o.aa 0.40
16 •ilo44 Od6 o •. u .a.;ow - o,a, ..Oo)f
17 •J •. J1 J • .34 ,) • .l3 -o. a.a o •. u - •0. 4.Z
.41 J, u5 .. ;;. ':17 -u. sa "· 40
•0. S1 .0. 42 -!1 • Job S..\1atao\10!lo
lZ • .Ut.nYerai.oth
lJ • li!lll"' t.1. a1 Ia.
i..\ • Aulot.,y.
X~ • i::~o-5\rea&t.b.
XC .. I4 lool!MDO! ot UIJL ll'li \7•
17 • a \.lao n. t.an. w••.
131
All exu1.ut.1.oa or Tabla ~t6 iacU.•t.e• \M\
utranra1on llu t.ho blgtloat. pu1\lt'a •rrela\loa (0.65)
&ail &IUd,ot./ hu tho bl<iheat. ug&Ut'a oorrola\loa (•0.51)
vJ.th Job aat.iatl\otbll, eao•atrhc\a bal '-be loweet.
pu1t1n corrolatJ.oa (ila40), ad u\llori\&1'1o1ea la&a
t.lua lo11oat ll•t~a\J..vo corrolat.iot& (•0.42). Tbo 1:11,boa\
ht.arcorro.La.tJ.o:a ia bet~o~oea lJ ot 14 1. •• ae~anUttl•
lll.!ld a:uJ. ot.1 P. 5'il) •
.1\ ,,artl.al eorr~tlat1on O.twoea two Ya.r1&bloa 1a
ou tha·t. n!.lJ.li!iu t!1e ortect.s ot a \1:111'4 or a aubel'
of ot.hor Yl\rhblee llpon both the Y&riablea belrag •
eorrebted. ~upia,~ 1l'l Yiew tbla taot. 1\ wae <leoi4a4
to oo:~;I\.!L$ (<&) ;;artl.al corroJlatl.olt blltwoa tho do,p•4oat.
varlllh.ht (J:~:, gatis!'&C~tion) a.n<t tb.o t.wo 1adoptmdeat
poai tva rol4t.l.oa1Hll.pa aq,d, (l>) p1u•Ual oorrolaUoa 1a
reapoot o: j;) tl JJa t1 ilt"aot.J.?:l (<iop~dOQ\ Yar1ablo ) aa4 \ho
tour 1n-iopoaJont var1abl .. 1 ae~~roUG.n, aaa1o\if
illt.oloranoo o! ui:ll~'JJ. ~~ u.i ut.ul'i tad.aa1M be&1'11li
:a.;eti'te re..l.tt.l.eJutui;t <~it<'l tao dof!eA.!eot YAI'ialilla.
Th• r•••Jlta or tn• partlal oorrelaUoaa botwoea
Job taU3!"aat.1~:o u tao do;>o:~dnt nriable aad oxt.ft•
Yort1oa aaj o~o-atre:~~th as tho 1adopeQdeat Y&riabloa
are vr•••nt.od in Table v.z7.
r 12
rfJ
r 1.l, J
r 1 Je4
Vuhblo 1
Vuh ble ;<:
IA!?lt y.21
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Job eaUttaoUoa
klr&Ytral.oa
/ro,t Til blo v. ;n (b), 1 t can be •••a t.hat. vita t.U
intlaeno• of o,;,••trn,;;tn ill Nltd otat.• t.he eor=-el.at.l.oo
~t.11eon Job aatJ.a!aot.ion and ext.ri&Ytrai.oa oo••• t.o
o. 6Sl, :.il-t.l.larly, wll•a tn• iatl11••• ot tdl'&Yt1'81oa
11 Nl•d out., t.he oorreht.ion bet.lttn Job taUetaolloa
anJ e,jo•at.rn~tll 01uea to J,.l66, Ot»Yiou!ls, t.tae
l3t
oont.rt lHti.ool :>f utrsv'lrsi.on h Job eaUttaoUoa 1• anat.tr
Tho ruultl ot t.ho parUd eorrelat.loa o•pa\841
between Job I&Ua.raot.ion (depenltea\ Y&I'J.able) aalt
no~&:roticiaa, andet.,y. int.ole:ranoo ot ub1a;t11t.1 aacl
&l.ltbori tarianiu u i.n<:loj.londont. Y&I'J.ableo are g1Yell
in Tablll v • .;!8.
Table Y.21
(a) ~· re-ntu c·ufti si en t.lt ot 00rrtlati9J
r 1..t • .. o.~? r1) • .o.;a r 14 • .o.s1 r1) • •0.42
(o) tir~ ;,.orJwr . •• ~ ... II!' ., .. il ):h.iti> + t+" !( of co rrtla t1op
r 1 ~ • .3 • •OeJ47
:r 1l. 4 • •0.485
r 1.!. 5 • .a. so1
r 1 J.2 • •O.J67
r 1Jo4 • .o. ;o6
r 1 J. 5 • .o. Sl2
r 14.~ .. .o. S29
r 14. 3 • •0.417
r u.; • .o.464
r 1 5 • .! • -0.2:12
r l).J • .o.JJl
r 15.4 • •OeJSO
136
131
(c) ftcgn4•orQtr coet&itltp\1 tf aprrtl,eMee
r 12.J5 • •Oel9S
r U.J4 • •Oe29J
r 1Jo24 • .o • .us r 0.25 • ·0·)"
r 14 •. U • •0.,07
l' 14 • .?.~ • •O.S1.J
r 1 .s • .:J • •0.276
l' 1 !io:.!4 • •0.2S)
.. Ll.J4 c .o.~aa •
(J) l.tllt·i-or4•t COt\fl. AA!sJ·• or tor£!Jr,&Ug
r 1<!.J4~ • -o •. us r 13.245 .. •0.)27
r H •. U5 .. -0.49}
'1' 15.~)4 • -0.245
Varlallle 1 • Job aatiataotioa.
Vari4llle 1. .. hllJ'Ot.l oihe
Varlatlle J • Allaie\)'e
t"sr. 'l ::.101 4 • JA t.oleJ'&AOO ot u bl. C'U \t•
Va rl 'l ole 5 • Alatlaol'i t&l'1&1l1 ...
13?
i'roa Table v.aa (a), 111 •• be eeea t.b&t. wua ae
&ll~Jlillltl oe t.a<i ~en a& de l.'or t.be effeot. of o \)ler wal'f.altlea1
Yad.ablo J (aui•t.¥) ru~eli tl.l"l\ (•OeSI) ud ftrJ.able J
(autllor1 tarl&nisa) rt.nil:illd hat (•O • .U). Yari.abl.e ;z
(:sel.lro tJ. cia111) :r111nud neoad (•0• 57) uul wari.abl.e 4
(i.ut.Ghran.ce of ubi.;;lit.,t)raaull t.a1r4 (•OaJ1) •
.U\ t.ne fi..rat-order partJ.al oorrolat.l.on 'fable
Vo2S (b). wt1en tile eU~tot. or variable S (allt.hori. tal'l&aJ.•)
La rulo~ ""' -., t.t<<> a;)z-::'eJ.a U<:m be\weea Job ae.Uataot.toa
and an xi a t.r r"-n"ud hl c,ibU t ( .. a. SJ2) ul'l van th• o£teot.
of nrl.al.lh 2(.ul.lrotieiu) ia rille<! oll\1 tho eorrelat.Loll
bet.vosn job jl\t~&i'act.i->n ud al.lt.hor1\ar1Wiil rar&ll:e4
lu t. (-Q • .<! J 2). 1lll. .s 1Ht,;;:r~u tr1 til& t. tbe Oo:l tt'l b\1 \1 oa of
•~u.i a.t., i !1 J o b :u. tl :; ::.:- !1. o t.i on 1s 6l'O& tor t.h&A lib& t of
In the uconJ•or;1&r ;J&rtJ.al oorrelat.l.oa Table v.2a (o ), o~nea to;o 1 a-~C;Jt:il·lt~ll t url& bl•• v•r• hell! ooaat&a\
C11eurot.1c1u anJ author1ta.rhn1aa) \llo oorrelat.l.oa bot.weaa
Joh sat1a!"act1o~: acores and 1ntol•raao• ot ub1g\ll\J aoore•
(.o. 51 J) ra::o1i.l fl ret anJ wuu ~b• Yalfiable 2 aad 4
(.uuroUo.!..n anJ iuto.iorano• of ub1~11it.,y) vere bel4
oout.ant tao oorrelaUo~ betwaaA Job •aUataot.Loa aooroa
aaj autnori tarian1u .caoru (•Cia2SJ) nAiced la•*•
n.aall~t in tu• t.:nr4 order parUal oorrelaU.oa
Table v. 28 (<1 ), rotnen t.n• 1atheaoe •t \llne h4epoa4ea\
131
n.riables a.ru l)Utio..l.eJ out. (.u~aroUe1••• ualot.J, aa4
author.l t:tri&ll.\.11.1 ), t.h• corrda\iora bet.wooa Job oaUetao\1oa
SO(~l:'$.!1 and int.ol~tra:1os ot ub1gtd.ti(•Oe493) rauod tirot.,
~1:1,l w:1ar;. tM varl.al:.ll&a .:!1 Jo 4 (u.ourotl. oi••• analot.1 aal!
in~olu·~~,oo of uoi.;v.lt..t) .,en rtoabd out, t.lao oorrola\1oa
~tw~Jon Job sa thfl'lo~lti on uo.ru &44 lillt.hori t.ar1aAl.aa .
acoru ntu&d laat (•0.245).
ir0il1 tne a.bovo, 1 t call oo aaid t.ll&t. wbilo u&1ot.1
ud ic.t;.o.l.ora~oe ot '"'11 t.l. ,;'il. t.Y ·contribute aboot. IHill&lly
to jo:J :~etiu!'act.lCllt a\l.t.£.or1tariauiaa oontrll:nttoo loaot.
liiXtr.n•,;r\>l.o.-; !il;ll <'l,;()•lltrton,;th over Job ll&t.lataot.ioA
(.ie;,orde.;t V:i!'l>thlfl} ::·e·'f>rin; ,;o1lt.ivo relat1o~ao!U,p•
~ulti)~O c~rr6~a~1on (ri) ~aa coaputod. Tho valuo ot
h itl (0. o<:::.:) .1ni .:'l 1.:< :1 ta ti a Uoallt •1 .:nil'.!. eant O.tonli
0,01 level Of COQ{i~euee r~: 4~7 de,reta Of fretdOSe
(rabb ,, uc:.l.l!'u.:, 1)75 ,;.;iJJ). Sbil&rl1• iA order to
Jeter·ai:l& t.uo CO:ibl.UO~ o~ffoet.a Of AOioli'Ot.ioiUt &llaltt,Yt
t n toli!ru:lco o: u lll ,;:U ty, and &11\llori t.ari&illH (1odtpeAd••t,
val'i,'lblu) o:'l J:lb a&Us!act.ion (:l•pendent. nria:ble)
t.e.e. rl. n.; ::. e .:a t1 ve ral~ tJ. onald ,>s, a11l Uplo oorrela t.ion
(h) wu co.1patel, l01a obhi:~eJ nl11t ot R 11 (0.721).
lN:. :aolo ~~ (U04llforJ • 117J, II• ~JJ), 1\ h olear \!aat.
tnt J;JlU,>lo c?rrolat.l.ln ~btda•d bero 11 11~1noaat.
boJOrd J, J1 lonl ot oon!1 Jenoo,
131
Tile .?l"eUllt. aw4t f~o~rt.l:ler a1eo4 a$ et.&4J1&c \lt.o
re.l.at1oa•4l1p or Job ntiate.ctioa w1t.a •t~•• l•,t..b ot
IOJ'Yioe, .l.::aoo>ae 1\ild Oll>abor Of .Sopea4-he lor \AlOt fOIII'
ht~Ot4eaea ~•ro !or,a~o~latoa. Thole will aov be ooaa1dore4
one b,il ()Jlle
jkpo1j.huls 7 at&tu u follow a
I:l or4er t>l o bt.&l.u n1.Jaoe tiJ r t.ae abo•• lltpo\Aelh,
produot•<~o,aent correlation ooetti.oiOAt. W&l 0011p11t.ed
be two ell Job sa ti a.raoti on aogr., &ad ace of ttlo Mplo1••••
Table V • .(J pr .. entl tno roeultl ob\a1ued.
tab1• Y·U
c .,..*""' ~ t "t Prod~ot-.ao•eat"oorrolatioa betveea Job nUetaoUoa &ad ••• of tu e.av.l.ot .. • (lie )00 ).
d.t Ltnl ot 81 pltiouo•
----------···-······--·-----··-········~·-·········
A,;e &aJ
Job •• t.i araot.1.o4 491 o.o1
table -.1 (Oia1lt>u•d, U71t P• JJa) 1all1•'-• \M\ a
ooott1o1e~~t. or oonob.t.l.o" tor 491 dt ahoud be 0~115.
to be •1CAi1'1out. •t. O.ll1 l.nol ot ooat14•••• 0. aa
i~pection or Tab.h V.2>;, 1 t. 11 ol•r Uat t.lao obt.a1aod
14t
11'
1 (Ooio!l) 11 li,.a1t1oaat. bt.YO!ld 0t01 lOYOl Of •atill•o••
li,tpot.heeia 1 re~ar.U.~a5 poe1 t.iYo rolatiuailip bet.w••
ago and Job nt.laf'aot.l.on 11oorea 1a t.blla 8\lp,-rt.od. Ill
ot.bor worde, 1 t. oan be aa14 that. t.lloro ia iaoroaao 1a
Job aat1araot.ion oon1oqu1Mt ~&poll \a.aoroaao 1o •&•• 1
kuLlta1a or tho data waa hrt.aor aado b7 ooaputiac
"""' &Ad SDa tor tho Job aatJ.ataotloa ... roo ot t.ao
111 bJ oot.a or t.ho !1.,. 41 ttoroa t aco cnupa. 'l'&blo v. JO
1\UII&riaoa t.bo reaul ta.
Itbla Y,lQ
M .. :u ud s.o. ot Job aauataot1oa .. oroa or ••a..Joot.a. bololl6iA' to tin .U.ttoreat. a,o ., .... , ••
·~· (111 t••ra) .Z 4 Uli ~low U•J4 H•44 4J•S4 55 ad
••••• -···--·-· --------.. -----·-···········--···-·····-···-li 7 171 209 79 )4
l'l 4ilo4J 47.40 SO.J4 sz.n S6.41
SD 10.14 a.n '·'' 10.66 11.67
141
11'011 hble YeJO, I. t. OI.A be lea& 'b&\ Ill \aare 1a
1ncrea .. in .,., tnere 1a alto 1aanaae 1a Jab aa\l.ataa\lea.
flUe alao leAb llolpj>Ort. t.o ll,)')lothe11a 7.
Ill. th a. view t.o cnowing wlletaer or •ot. \here eiLLa\a
•161111'1cant <11t!ereuou a.aons aearaa et Job aa\l.ataoU.ea
aoorea ot tho aubJaota bolonl.ih6 to cU.ttereot ace croup•• 1t' teat w~aa applied, Table YoJ1 Cif'el t1ut l' .. lillta ot
varioua oo~parl.aioae lll&de.
X&Qlt y.J]
A coapariaion of tQe !llea:u or J~b nt1atae\loa aoona at u bJ eota or ·:l.i.rtere11 t ·~· levela.
.ol,;e le f'el. ( 1."1 fU.l' • ) 4t .,. l.eY'el of 11ptnou•••
-----------------··-·-··--·--······-··········--······--24 anJ l>elo1o1 v •• .!5•J4 176 2.01 o.os 24 ana bel.,w v •• J!l•44 214 2.6~ o.o1 24 and below v •• 4j•S4 u .a.a6 1),01
24 &4.1 be lOll v •• 55 ua above .39 3.27 o.o1
25·J4 v •• J5•44 278 J.o6 o.ot
.!5•J4 v •• 45•54 l4. Je10 o.o1
.!5•H v •• 55 u\1 &boYe 2i)J 5.09 o.o1
J5•44 v •• 45•54 286 1.70 •• s.
J5•44 v •• 55 u.i above 241 J • .n o.o1
·~·54 v •• H u:l above 111 1.69 •• s.
141
Qn ~ll G.ll:llt.lli!l&tlor, ;;)f ·rable Va:J1, it; O&A be •••• \Ia\
88V.ll CO,OI>•&l'il.lO!llll tll'oS Si!;(llit'1Cilllt &t 0.01 leYel Of
coat.l.deo.oe, aa.:i Otl& at o.J5 level ot oontideaoe •. (fable Q.
UUJ..l(Qrd, 073, p.Hl). lll.rt.,renoes betveea t..he Job
aathfactJ.Qn 11eoru of a.;e 6l'Oups (1) )'•44 vs. '"""•
{2) 4.5•54 V•• :'1!1 u;;t al»n are not. s1~t1out. faia
sho<~a t./14 t job .aa tJ.al.'aeUoa re&ohoa I. t. aalliau leYel
IIOU•J;lOl'l\l 0•.3tlf'iilt11:1 J5•44 lll&l"St aft;er VbiOA thO itiOH&IO
ia :Neil t;1-.t 1 t oaa be acoount.e<i tor 1A t..ena of ola&aoo
faot::>l"lh
ln t.er.u ot tll0 ruulta o!' the &Y&ilabJ.o swdiea,
ttte evidence on t.lle relatioul'lllip ot ac• flit.h Job
saU•taotJ.on Jou not appera to be ol.earout.. A auber of
at.uJles haV'll ia..Uaat.uu J1fi.'ere!loea INt..woea Y&ri.oua •c• ,, .;rout-s wi t.h roapect to Job satlataoUoA• Tbe ro111lta ot
~nea• a~uJlea ~ene~all; abow an inoreaeo 1a tll• l•••l
or Job ntillt'llotJ.on wi.t.il •3•• (Super, 19>91 Boppoak, 1960).
7!leae ot.aJies 1uo• sauutJ.allt a OOAt..1AI&OIII laoroaao ill
Joo S4LtilfaotJ.O:l U ll .f>.allOtJ.on Of .,. &44 pr04J.Ot \bat
t.ne .;r~~ate•t. t~•riot of Job aaU1taoUoo ls la t.lle pre•
retire,uAt. JJ•r1oJ. ;,>u>-'er (HJ'i) tol&lld t..ll&t h \lle
be,).a:liu.; wonera race aoae i)robl.•• ot alij11staoat \o the
WOl'(o ArounJ the ·~· or ~>. \be ••&L•tJ to ......... ,..
ra 011JlJ beoo••• aar,ed aao11• aoat JOYal wortore. lt
1acreaaea •• tae1 aJ'IInoe 111 ••• aacl ree11lh la cl1eeauataoU••
141 I •
Aro~4 JS, aoat people tr1 to ae\\le dova 1a \bolr vora.
The per1o4 bet.weu 4S and SS 11 oaaraot.uhod b7 1e ..
nUataction. lolorlt J11r.l.n10 ttlia pel'iod, tor au\ people,
loaea a owe or 1 t.a • tt.r•oti ven.,•• Arouad t.be aae ot JS,
coat ~eople are aaUaf1ed and eacerlt look torward \o
the Uu wbon t.hoy would nave aaple opport.a1\t to Ito
wha tevftr tl'lOf llt.ed •
There l.ill'te boen aoae at.wdiea 1a41.oaUac ataYo11lll'&ble
•t.titudoa towarr.l old a;•• for exuple, 'l'llner'• e\tad7
(1155) anoifa that. wori!ten be;gin t.o tool ilopele .. u \he7
oonh11t~lat.o Jt;rovh~ older in a Jllb vb.loll bol4a 11\Ue
in taro• t. tor tn•• • lJo ~tell t.1 ou \ll& t. \he1 r a orale
Jeer••••• and t.ne1 be~n dreaa1n& or wa1• t.o le&Ye \be
ooepant• •ltnou~a t.ney cannot. attord \o do ao.
Sinha and :iair (1/;:)S), lidaraJ aad late .. (U6').
ud K&t~oor (1 J67) in tn•ir a~ii1 toucl ao aip1f1oaat.
relaUo:uh.l; botweu ·~· &nd Job aat.1otaot.1oA. OB \Ita
ot.lln nand, :.a.a~ner (Hn) touad iureaeh¥ Job aat.1otaot.1oa
111 til a "e 1n blue collar 1101'48•
Tt.e o;rue:1 t. rea:.tl ta are ill ooaton1 t.7 vi t.a t.ae t1ad1ac•
o! :;luj>er (1JJI), ho;;~~ (1J6il) aacl St.acmu (1975) vtao
tou:1.J t.ll& t. Job aa U ataot.ioll in or••••• 111 t.b 1aoruae 1a
144
1be other variable under 1nvaa\1ga\1oa waa leac\b
of service of tne eaplot•••• 1be htpo~etil toraula\ed
was •Job aat1sfaction i~oreaeea with tbe 1aor•••• 1a \be
len~th o! service or tho emplot•••• &rpothea1a a.
l!Or the ve.rHica t1on or thia, ,produot-aoau' oorl'elat1oa
was co111pute:i between Job tath.t'aatioa •corea ud lOaQ;\h
of IStll'YiOO of \.ho OlilplO:fOUo 'nll l'OI'IIltl &1'1 ,1YOD
in 'laole v.n.
l'ro•1uct•l<:O:::cnL ec<lft'i.:~:l.vnl. vf correlation bftt.woen Job aat..illlf~:~ot.ioo eooru and ll'ltl,;tr• ot aorvioe ot the ellplotou (A•;J.;-J).
tnel of .tl~.>nificano ..
·------··---·-··-··-·------------··-·······---------······
--------·------------------------
dl' ~!.oul~ :., J.11 ;· ( t:oilt';:-. • 11n. ;.::,J;.:). A glance
1t ~.:·:J \.J.: r-.·1· .,;. .. ~ 1>tt ~, ... valu• ot' 'r' (0 • .22)
141
aa tho leA~th ot aerY.Lce 1Gcr•a••• tho eaplot••• 4eYa1ep
•ore lU:la.J( tor t.Uir Jo~a.
To obU.1n 1'1lrther ev1deaae to~ i,ypothea.Lt a, aaaaa
and SDI o1' Job aat.1ataot.1o!l uona of t1'fe 111'01tpa of
O&!)lo.t••• o!' dirterant. loagt.ha ot 1er¥1oe wen o•p~a\e4.
Tbe reaul t.a •r• at.uut&r1ae•i J.n Table v •. lJ.
Itblt y.l~
l'leau &lld SiJa of job Ill& tJ.at'acUoa 1001'11 of lllbJ eow O.lot~.;J.a~ t.o five dJ.Uoront. ~ro~apa oa tho buia ot len"tb of aervico.
Lerag\h ot 5 and loa a 6·10 11•1S 16·ao 21 u<l ••rv1. c:e 1eara &MYI• ··-··-------·-······················-···--····-······--· 1,\ 46 141 81 aa 144
M 4 7.02 47.45 ,0.7) 4~.14 .SJ.Ii
SD ·J. 71J J.:Jb 10.12 i.J6 10.)6
lr~4 Table v.JJ, 1 t 1a clear \A&\ 1& c•aa•ral the
loa,er toe l•~,tu ot aorvJ.oe ot \he .. plot•••• the
~:rea tor .I. a t.bo Job aat.1a1'act.h&ae Tld.a, \laeretore, f\ar\.ller
a~auort.a uy;>:t\11 .. 1& a. Tile aad.au aa\l.ataot.loa waa
toYnJ 111 t.be ~raY~ ot ~1 1••r• ot ••~w1•• aa4 abo••• !be
aeu uuaraouou aoore ot t.be 1•••P t .... 16 1••r• \o ZO
1•u• 1a all8htl1 lower ~••• t.be oeaa Jolt .. uotaoU•
aooro ot tho ~roup tro~ 11 t•ara \o 15 1•••••
141
fo find oaL 11het.nor there h ••1 o.t.cllit.t.eu\ 41tloraaoo
1n the 4oan Job sat.1ataot.1oo uoroa ot t-• nr.t.eu aro~&,..
•t.• 11111a oapated. Tho ros;alt.a li&YO noa preaoato4 1a
Table v.J4.
A ooo~;>ar1son or t.he ::aoan Job aat.iataoUoa aoorea of aubjoct.a belon;,:1.n~.: to dltrerent '""'• ot leacth ot aorv1oo.
lAn.;th of .. rvi oe <it .,. ••lt&• Lo••l ot ai pi t1ouoe.
--······-·----···--··········-···························-· 5 an <.I l••• va. 6-1 i) 18S • :n •.a • 5 &llJ lea a v •• 11•15 125 2.01 o.oJ
5 &:ld lola va. 1 o- .,l,) 1)1 1.42 w.s.
5 and l••• YtJe 21 aad above 1aa '·" o.o1 6-10 va. 11•15 :a.J .z.so o.o,
6-1 J v •• 10. .tJ J.J.1 1.)5 a.s.
6-10 v •• ~1 anJ a~».,. ~lJJ 5e54 o.o1
11-15 v •• 1 o..zo 167 1.07 Jl.s.
11·15 v •• l1 ull a bovo .UJ a.u o.u
16-lO v •• .Z1 aod I Do YO no J.49 o.o1
l4!7
.tt. 1a oleu tn• 'laiN.• V. J4, \Ita• 011\ ot \llo u. ooapar1aoru u.de, teo 41 ttonu .. lte\waea (1) ' u4 1e ..
and 11 to 1 :S yeua, (11 ) S ad 1e .. aa4 21 .. 4 al:loft Je&ra,
(1l1) o to 10 and 11 too 1 S tone, (1¥) 6 to 10 ••• .21 u4
abovo, (v) 11 to 15 , .. ,.. ••• 21 aa4 ·~•• , .. ,.., &a4
(Yi) 16 to 40 1•1•r• ud 21 aad &l:lot'e 7eara, won
atathtically tignltl.oant (Table ~GiaUtor4, 1978 p.na). Other 4ittereaou an uot a1"'1tloaat.
Tbo lon~or porio4 ot aerYioe proY14oa aaple
onortuni t.¥ w tlul ••plot•• t.o get a4J utocl 111 t.h t.lle Jolt.
In co~:uo ot t.l.u, !le co.ua t.o uulera\&84 aa4 1•t t&aeli
tro the eondi tht~s ot t!::.o Job •d polloi•• ot the eaapu,,
denlo?e ,;;roat.n i~tvolvOliout, aa4 toela aor• a&U.at1e4
wU.h '-l.u;; job (Gatl,;ull, 1955, Jhba aad SM.N& Hila at.au
~d A6ravala, 1171).
weo t.P.u1' i U& t .. a. fol.lawe 1
wi ~il oJ. ~ner J. 'lOO·• • •.
With a 'lie"' to obtalldll~ e'f14aaee tor \.be abo"
hJpotnoaia, pro~uo\-ooaea\ ooott1e1aa\ at eorrelatioa •••
o011 pu t.od bet.woen Job •• uatao\l.oa ••or•• aa4 1•••• at \he
.. ylot•••• Table v.J~ ~reeoat.a \ae ree~l\a o-\&Laa4e
141
tabl,t y.H
Meuuru Val11e of 4t Le-vel of 'r' al,ps1t1ouoe • .......................................................
Job u.Ual.'aoUon &.!1<1
lnooao. o.o1
lt. .1.a ni.dut fro<~~ the abo.,. ublo taat. tko
value or 'r' (i).15) ia 8l.gAU10aa~ at. o.o1 lnel o£
cc:~ati.ience. (7ab!ot il, Gu1ltord, r97St P•')Z). 'l'be
find1:1"a au.:.;eat tt~at. j<)b aatJ.ataotJ.ol'l i.e poai.ttvelt
MotleJ acta u a 11111 bol 111 dU'terM t. wat• tor 41 ttereat.
1n:liviJI.lala. lt. is a wat ot rewai'IU.ns b.ll&Yhlll'• It, J.a
aleo an aaxl.et¥ reducer in aa&1ai oae teol IOI'o eeo~re.
3tl.ld1•• have beeo round tnat people vho wore ta4o to toel
overpaid tor a Job will woN urior t.Jaaa ooat.rol otaltJeot.a
wno oaraed the au• 'i'&l Dl.lt were aacie to tool tai.rlt ,-14•
AnJ tne op~oa1te 11 alao trl.l•• People wao tool t.AoJ .ze
waJervaiJ Cor a Job will not. wore 10 Jaar4 •• \A•I olo wua
t.het feel toot ere o.1a" p&iJ ta11'1Je .Jobe vlaloh an lal&hll
141
pt.H tol'lod to ottu 'rntor nr1ot.1 of aU.aal&\1• U41
h1!lbtn• ata tu•• linen ot.hor a .. da are aot. aat.lat1o4, t.u e11phu1l ou :tOI:Iet 1noroaaea (VroH 1 1964)1 k\l.afaoUoa
111 ta p:rouut flll.lt tth!.:rh !Ill¥ be low, ••t IN pod wJaea t.kOI
11 t.n anticiplll.t.Lon ot ad•·i~&&t.e 1aoHo ia t.lao ttattaro •
.i1.nal.ll• the relat1onal11 .. ot auber ot dopoa4oat.a
and Job ut.Lafut.Lon waa 1nut.1gat.a4. Tile Jia1potlaoata
fraaed waa a •Job sat.Laf•ct.Lon 11111 bo l••••:r 1a t.u
1o o bt.aill evl. d:onco for tilo a&Jo\'o1 proih&Ot."'lloaoat.
c.:~rrelatJ.oa blilt'.roen JOb aat.Laiact.loa aooroe &tld auber
Of dej.~Ot'ldeatll iiU CO.j.)l.ltoti. table Y.J6 ,IU.'OUil\J \Jlo
obt.a1.ned rooulta.
I•Rlt y.16
?roJ~&ct.-~o.aent coetr1c1ont oorrol&tJ.oa betwoea Joa uUa.f'aot.Lon anti n~&aber of Je!)e~&dont.a ot tho asplot••• (l'f•SOO).
Value o! •rt
dt Lonl ot 11¢t1ouo••
-·------------·-···-·--··············--··--··········--· Jo u •• t.l.atac t.1 04
&;l'J
rtll•ber or del'ea:1•nta.
o.o1
158
Table V.J6 11aowa that the obWae4 'r' wa.ho (eO.JJ)
h 1.L,r;nif1cant ... a.o1 lnd ot ••at14ea•• tor 491 •• , ....
ot trudoite ('l'abh, GW.ltor4, 1971, PeS.Ja). IJtM *•• 1t can bo aal.d tbat tile e.'lplot• .. vbo ••• aor• a11at.er •t
d.opll:ldottta an le,. aaUafied wi-ll \JUI1i' Joba. iJipo\!1.,11
10 l.a thl.a• oleal'l,y oonti rrud.
To obtah further evideuo• to;r B,fpot.bllil 10, U.
:aeane and sn. of Job nlllft.otl.oa eoor•• ot to11r troupe
witn dift'eront a~outbu• ot <ier>o:~oiiAU ve;re al1o OOI!fllltoct.
1'4.blo v. :n lll.lea;aari.r.ea t.llo ruu.u.a.
Mun11 and JDa ot: Joo aatiotaot.J.oA aooro• ot llll»Jeota belon d ,, ,-, to to<Jr .:rol.I.[.IIJ 111 tn :U. rt•r•a t au ber ot "' Ulj18lllilll ta.
Nu.a ber oi: < anli leu .) • S 6 • 8 9 aucl aboft de;JeaJea t.s. ··-------------------·---···········--···-····-·····--·
148 277 60
H 4Se4S )6.10
so
Table Vo:J7 l'Uhll that. tbe IOU Jo .. l&tllf&IU.oa
nor• 1a til~ lli~hut for t.he ,ml&p baYiac 2 u4 11 ..
151
aura be:r of ·:1eperHie~a ta t.nd lowut. tor tlul Cl'Oilp b&Yiac 9
and above n~ber ~r dependent•• It. a11o 1bov1 t.bat.• 1a
~•ner•l, the ~reater tne nu•b•r of dop.adeat.•• t.bl 111111'
t.be sat1etactl.on wl. th Job,
Furtuer,to ••• wh•tner or aot thooo ll'O~P• dittor
ai.snl.f'.l.eant.l.y, tna 't' teat wu appl1•4~ Table Yell,
preoen t th.o rellul ttt
A oo;apar1151:>a of tile :~ean job 11at.1otaot1oa IOol'lll ot 11uhj cot.•• bwl>>n:;in_; to .. :rou~HI wi tll di ttorent. z:1.1.t11 ber of de;,..oa·J .. nt.h
llu11 bor ot ds;•.:2d1n to dt •t.• Y&llll LUll ot 11 :ai !1 oaaoe • -------·· --· .......... --------·--................... -..
.2 and leas VIe J - 5 4.1!3 s.sa o.o1
2 a.nJ lea,; vae 0 " - " ..:J6 ~.7~ Oe01
.: anu l.••• vw • ' a. •.. I 4bove1o1 6.71
0~1 1 .. ~
J - ; VIe (.> • o1 J.)!i ;z.a~ o. 1
) . - va • ) an.! •bove .t;lll Se29 o.o1 .J
6 • d ., .. I a11d al>o•re 7J •• ll o.o1
152
lnJ• 'l.'o.bltt V.J$, 1t. La clear \bat. all t.bo •t.• nl•••
aro tou4d to o. s1,,nU'1 aa.n t. at. 0.01 l•nl ot ooat1cluoo.
Table D, l.I!UJ.torli, 1'J7~S. p.!iJ2). Tblo ounoot.o, \liaat.
plU"OCII'J.II ila rill,!£ .:101'111 iHIQ 01111' ot dopoa4oat.o &J'O OOliA d•rablf
bu utlothd rod. tb tlloir Joba \A&A , •• pei'OOAO Uftlll
aaaller n~W her of deve1utoll ts to npporfi. Tao ...... lt.o
thua IUiJpOt't lluothoa1• 10.
l'tl.o eeo11oai ll liioAJ. aoaial et.aadard• or u 1a41 Y1411&l
aro lar~ely do&nll4ined. b~ tile AUMl' of ponoao bo 1\al
to au~port. out. of ~is v•Y• Tnorotoro, t.ho vorkoro ~1\h
liu•.;•r lHU!.>•r ot doy&rldfmt.a uo Uua\iofiod vitb t..boir
Jobs J<.~o to :,;raa t•u· tl..a.lwolal •traJ.a ~&pcm tAM• C&ou
(H J1) {.;)U:1J tu.t.t .ii!&U.i.oJI! ~·M 111 th DO fu1Uoo IIOJ'O SOI'O
a&ti.H'l..a.i t.aan aarr:t.od -'liOn ii.l. til fu1U••• flao J"o•ult.o
obtained 1n t.no vreaent. atudy are 1a 81i&blt&a\ial.
&~r••~•nt. v1tn Caaou 1 e (1)J1) •tu41•