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Towards 200 million Telephone and Internet Connections

in India

Dr. Ashok Jhunjhunwala, TeNeT GroupDepartment of Electrical Engineering

IIT Madras, Chennaiashok@tenet.res.in

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Today India barely has

• 20 million telephones and

less than 0.5 million Internet connections

for its 1000 million people

¤ needs 150 to 200 million telephone and Internet connections

¤ lack of Internet connections can create a divide in society

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• Investments required per line: Rs 32,000

¤ 15 % finance cost and 15% cost for operation, maintenance and obsolescence

¤ Revenue required per line per year: Rs 9,600• not affordable to more than 2 to 3 % of population

A serious obstacle to rapid Internet growth

Bottleneck I : Telephone network is expensive

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Why is Telecom Network expensive?

• Costs about $1000 per line in the West¤ is affordable to most in the West

¤ focus of R&D is not on cost reduction, but to provide enhanced features and services at the same cost

• Efforts required in country like India to significantly reduce costs¤ if costs could be reduced to Rs 10,000 per line

average revenue required per month less than Rs 250

affordable to 20 % of population

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But is it possible ?

• Not easy, but why not ?• For example CDOT’s exchange today

° costs two-third of imported exchange and

° provides 10 million of 20 million lines in India

• And in the process¤ achieve lowest cost telecom and Internet solution

¤ serve a market of several hundred million in India and other developing countries

Consequently become the world leader in technology

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Telecom Network Trends

• Cost of Backbone Network falling rapidly¤ at the same time capacity increasing dramatically

• but increase in Access Costs negates this fall

¤ Access costs in urban areas close to Rs 22,000 per line

¤ Access costs in rural areas much higher

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PSTN

Router

ISP

To other routers modem

• Internet Connections ON for long hours— higher Erlang traffic causes congestion as telephone network

designed to handle only 0.1 E traffic per subscriber

• Rs 26 per hour local call charges in India

• modem links unreliable -- 33.6 kbps to as low as 9.6 kbps

Bottleneck II: Internet chokes PSTN

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TeNeT group at IIT Madras

• Vision to enable India have 100 to 200 million Telecom and Internet connections at the earliest possible

¤ Leverage advances in technology to develop versatile Access Systems• that cost significantly less and

• overcomes Internet Access bottleneck

¤ keeping local requirements in mind

• poor quality of power

• high cost of reliable air-conditioning

• space crunch at city centers

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Access network must separate Internet data

• concentrate bursty Internet data close to subscriber

• Interface to PSTN and Internet on open protocols

AU

To Exchange

To IntenetIP

E1 (V5.2) voice

SU

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corDECT Wireless in Local Loop

• simultaneous ¤ 35 kbps Internet access (70 kbps upgrade in near future)

¤ telephone connection supporting fax, PCO and speakerphone• Rs 13,000 -----> Rs 17,000 (for sparse rural areas)

• Rs 8,000 with multiwallset

DIU+

RAS

To Exchange

To IntenetIP

E1 (V5.2) voice

WS

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DIAS (dsl on copper)

• 144/80 kbps Internet + simultaneous voice¤ Rs 12,000 + copper cost

• 2 Mbps Internet + upto 8 phones ¤ Rs 25,000 + copper cost

• Always ON permanent Internet connection

IAN

BDSU

To Exchange

To Internet

HDSU IP

144 kbpsE1 (V5.2) voice

2Mbps

Copper

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Versatile Remote Unit (VRU)

• Plain old Telephone service¤ 56 kbps Internet possible with a RASM behind exchange

¤ Rs 2000 + copper cost

VRU

To Exchange E1 (V5.2) voice

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Access Center Key to Low-cost and Versatility

• combine wireless, DSL on copper and POTS optimally

• locate Access Center near subscriber cluster

° wireless gives umbrella coverage

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Integrated Access Centre (AC)

• combines WiLL, DIAS and VRU¤ WiLL : Rs 13,000 ---> Rs 17,000 (for sparse rural areas)

• Rs 8000 with multiwallset

¤ BDSU : Rs 12,000 + copper• HDSU : Rs 25,000 + copper

¤ POTS : Rs 2,000 + copper

To Exchange

To InternetIP

E1 (V5.2) voice A

CDSU

SU

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Access Center

wave radio/Fiber

DIU

VRU

IAN

IAN

Power Plant

Battery

TA

BDSU

HDSU

)

Ratio of Wired / Wireless / Internet Access Lines dependingon Access scenario

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Fibre backhaul : 34 / 155 Mbps : Fibre in the Loop

D&I

COMUX

E3/SDH

D&I

D&I

D&I+

AC

Internet

E1 voice

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Radio backhaul : 8 / 34 / 155 Mbps

AC

(

wave radio

IP

To Exchange

To Internet

E1 voice

(

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Network Management System

• A must with distributed deployment of Intelligent nodes

• Convergence of Telecom and Internet management

• Manage traffic, subscribers, subscriber equipment and network health

from management centers

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Product Visuals

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Direct connection for

- Telephone set

- G3 fax machine

- Modem

- Payphone

Wallset : Subscriber premises equipment

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WS/WS-IP : Wallset with external antenna

RS232

External Antenna for Enhanced Range of 10 Km (LoS)

35 kbps / 70 kbps Intenet traffic plus simultaneous voice

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Multi Wallset (MWS)

¤ MWS for 4 Telephones in a multistoried building

¤ Reduces per line cost to half

¤ Ethernet port in future (for Internet access)

MWS Antenna& RF Electronics

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WS Connected to BS

BS mounted on pole on streets : Range 150 - 400 m

BS mounted on roof-tops : Range 10 Km (LOS)

Each BS serves 50 subscribers at 0.1 E per subscriber

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DECT Interface Unit (DIU)DECT Interface Unit (DIU)

iKon RAS

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Relay Base Station (RBS) in near future

¤ 25 km range with RBS in sparse rural areas

¤ uses DECT frequencies

¤ no frequency planning needed

))

35 m35 m

BSBS

25 km LOS25 km LOS

25 m25 m

RBS

10 km10 km

DIAS - IAN Rack

BDSU

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Map with an alarmMap with an alarm

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Mosaic of ViewsMosaic of Views

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Access Centre deployment examples

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Connaught Place (Delhi)

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Available Solution from TeNeT group

• Can provide total Telecom and Internet solution

¤ in urban areas at a cost of Rs 17,000 per line

¤ in rural areas at a cost of Rs 21,000 per line

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Access Centre evolution

• Add cable-modem to Access Center to support voice, Internet and

entertainment

• Upgrade Access Centers with

¤ 384 / 1.1 Mbps corDECT WLL

¤ new Wireless Access technologies (3G wireless)

¤ vDSL and xDSL technologies

• Add QoS feature to Internet Access Systems

(to support voice over IP)

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But this is only a beginning

• Tasks ahead¤ involve many more companies to design for India¤ innovate to further reduce costs

¤ integrate access terminal to communication device

Policy issues• enable India to become design house for the world by

encouraging local designs

• enable franchise operation of telecom network

• incentives for providing network in small towns and rural areas

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Covering Small Towns and Rural Areas Using Indian Railway Network

• 50-200 connections in each town • 8000 towns/villages in country covered by Indian Railways

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~HH H H

Internet Kiosk

WLL coverage invicinity

H

Ethernet

H-Connect