iii. life histories iii. life histories (chap. 12) a. life history traits b. tradeoffs in resource...
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![Page 1: III. Life Histories III. Life Histories (Chap. 12) A. Life history traits B. Tradeoffs in resource allocation C. Life history strategies A. Life History](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022102818/56649d615503460f94a43587/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
III. Life Histories
III. Life Histories (Chap. 12)A. Life history traitsB. Tradeoffs in resource allocationC. Life history strategies
A. Life History Traits
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Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Adult fish mortality and reproductive effortFigure 12.13
12-10 Source: Gunderson 1997
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Survival ratio and reproductive effortFigure 12.18
12-14 Source: Bertschy and Fox 1999
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1. Reproductive allocation vs. growth/survival- limited resources- reproduction is energetically expensive- different reproductive strategies
a. frequent disturbancesb. stable environments
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Reproduction vs. growth tradeoffs: examples Douglas fir
Fruit flies
Red deer
Fruit flies
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B.Tradeoffs
2. # of offspring vs. individual fitnessa. body size of offspring vs. # of offspringb. # of offspring vs. amount of parental
care for each
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Female darter size and number of eggsFigure 12.3
12-1 Source: Turner and Trexler 1998
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Size of eggs and number of eggsFigure 12.4
12-2 Source: Turner and Trexler 1998
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Seed mass and seed numberFigure 12.7
12-4 Source: Stevens 1932
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Seed mass and seedling heightFigure 12.11
12-8 Source: Seiwa and Kikuzawa 1991
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C. Life History Strategies
1. r-selected vs. K-selected2. Grime’s CSR
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r-selection K-selection
r- vs K-selection
A. Disturbance Common, irregular Rarer, more regular
B. Mortality Variable, unpredictable Constant, predictable
C. Competition Low or variable High, constant
D. Pop. size Variable, below K Rel. constant, near K
E. Consequence High r Good competitors
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Small size
Rapid growth
Early reproduction
Many, small offspring
Large size
Slow growth
Late reproduction
Few, large offspring
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K vs. r selection: extremes in parental care
Sea urchins
Humpback whales
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K vs. r selection: extremes
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r vs. K selection: Cattails
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Plant life history strategies – Grime’s CSRFigure 12.20
12-15 Source: after Grime 1979
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End