igc1 - element 4 promoting a positive (1st ed) v.1.0

7/27/2019 IGC1 - Element 4 Promoting a Positive (1st Ed) v.1.0

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Copyright RMS Publishing

IGC First Edition - IGC1 Element 4 - v.1.0 - Slide 1

860409

NEBOSH

InternationalGeneral Certificate


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860409

Licence details

RMS Publishing Limited

Victoria House, Lower High Street, Stourbridge DY8 1TA

ACT Associates Limited.

First Edition September 2007.

All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be stored in a retrieval system, reproduced, or transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the Publishers.

This presentation may not be lent, resold, hired out or otherwise disposed of by way of trade in any form other than that in which it is published,without the prior consent of the Publishers.

This presentation may not be reproduced in any form without prior consent of the Publishers other than a single copy thumbnail handout forimmediate use by the tutor.

Whilst every effort is made to ensure the completeness and accuracy of the information contained herein, RMS/ACT can bear no liability for anyomission or error.

Issued to: Strabag

Single Licence

Licence No: 860409


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NEBOSH



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860409

Unit IGC1

Management ofInternational health

and safety


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Element 4

Promoting a

positive health andsafety culture


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4.1 Describe the concept of health and safety culture andits significance in the management of health and safety in

an organisation

4.2 Identify indicators which could be used to assess the

effectiveness of an organisations health and safetyculture and recognise factors that could cause a

deterioration

4.3 Identify the factors which influence safety related

behaviour at work

4.4 Identify methods which could be used to improve thehealth and safety culture of an organisation

4.5 Outline the internal and external influences on an

organisations health and safety standards

Promoting a positive health & safety culture

Learning outcomes


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Contents of element

4.1 Concepts of safety culture

4.2 Factors influencing safety culture

4.3 Factors influencing safety related behaviour

4.4 Improving health and safety culture4.5 Internal and external influences on health

and safety management standards



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Contents of element








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Concepts of safety culture

The safety culture of an organisation is the product of

individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions,

competencies and patterns of behaviour that determine

the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of, an

organisations health and safety management


Definition of health and safety culture

Source: NEBOSH Examiners Repo rt


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Research has shown that improvements in safety

management are influential in achieving a positive safety

culture

This leads to reduced accident rates, which is seen as apositive step forward, which is a further influence on the

safety culture

Promoting a positive health & safety cultureConcepts of safety culture

Correlation between health and safety culture and

health and safety performance


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Contents of element








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Factors influencing safety culture

Effective communication

Leadership and commitment

Equal priority

Incident (accident) investigation Consultation


Tangible outputs or indicators of an organisations

or sites health and safety culture


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Accidents

Absenteeism

Sickness rates

Staff turnover Complaints about working conditions


Specific tangible outputs indicators


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Lack of management commitment

Company reorganisations

Lack of communication

Low workforce morale Increased accidents


Factors promoting a negative health & safety culture



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Contents of element








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Factors influencing safety related behaviour

Individual, job and organisational factors


Individual factors

Job factors

Organisational factors


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Factors influencing safety related behaviourPromoting a positive health & safety culture

Individual factorsIndividual differences:

Experiences in the womb

Birth trauma

Family influences Geographical location

Pre-education influences

Education - opportunities, quality, support

Occupational factors - training and retraining Individual pastimes and interests

Own family influences - marriage, children

Ageing



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Physical

Gender

Build Health

Capability

Mental

Attitude

Motivation Perception

Capability

Promoting a positive health & safety cultureFactors influencing safety related behaviour

Individual factorsSummary of individual differences:


P i i i h l h & f l


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Factors influencing safety related behaviourPromoting a positive health & safety culture

Individual factorsThe significance of individual factors:

Thorough task analysis

Training

Monitoring of personal performance Fitness for work and health surveillance

Review of health on return to work from sickness absence


P ti iti h lth & f t lt


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Identify critical tasks

Operator decisions

Ergonomics

Design of procedures

Organisation of working

environment

Tools and equipment

Work patterns Cover for absence

Communications


Job factors




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Commitment from the top

Analytical approach to identify harm potential through

human failure

Procedures for all critical work Effective monitoring

Review






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Attitude, aptitude and motivation

Attitude response to a situation

Aptitude good at certain things

Motivation driving force behind a person actions




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Maslows hierarchy of needs

Source: Maslow




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Perception of risk

Source: Ambiguous




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The way that a person

views a situation

Perception of risk

Source: Ambiguou s




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Model of perception

Source: ACT




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Errors

Slips

Lapses

MistakesViolations

Routine violations

Situational violations

Exceptional violations

Errors and violations




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Human failures flow chart

Source: HSG48




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Effects of age on behaviour at work

Effects of experience on behaviour at work

Effects of age and experience




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Human failures

Errors:

Slips

Lapses Mistakes

Violations:

Routine

Situational

Exceptional

The influence of peers


Summary of human behaviour



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Control measures

Individual factors

Job factors



Summary of human behaviour

The influence of peers



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Contents of element









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Securing commitment of management

Promoting health and safety standards by leadership and

example

Use of competent personnel with relevant knowledge, skillsand work experience

Effective communication within the organisation

Training

Promoting a positive health & safety cultureImproving health and safety culture



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Securing commitment of management

Key Performance Indicator (KPI)

Management controls

- Random examination

- Observations- Periodic tours

Formal training




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Promoting health and safety standards by

leadership and example Management actions

- Send clear signals to staff and others

Leadership through example

- Correct use of PPE- Observance of rules




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Use of competent personnel with relevant

knowledge, skills and work experience Identify the safety critical tasks

Establish suitable controls

Task analysis




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Merits and limitations of different methods of

communication

Use and effectiveness of various communication

measures

Co-operation and consultation with contractors and

the workforce




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General principles of communication

Direct yourself towards and reach the intended recipient

Communicate in a form capable of being understood

Use open ended questions Use closed questions to confirm

Use clear terms

Be assertive

Keep concise Ensure understanding

Check to ensure understanding

Budget time for feedback

Merits and limitations of different methods of communication



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Verbal communication

Noise

Complexity

Language

Sensory impairment

Ambiguity

Technical terminology

Mental impairment

Inexperience

Long communication chains

Inattention





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Written communication

Introduction and background

Main body of the report

Recommendations

Conclusions




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Use and effectiveness of various communication measures


Notice boards

Safety propaganda

Films, videos, DVDs

Poster campaigns

Toolbox talks

Memos

Employee handbooks



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Co-operation and consultation with contractors and the workforce


Co-operation

Roles and benefits of worker participation, safety committees

and employee feedback



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Training


The effect of training on human reliability

Specialist training

Internal and external courses

Formal and informal training



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Training

Benefits to employee

Morale

Reduction in personalinjury

Better welfare awareness

Development experiencefaster

Increases flexibility of

staff

Benefits to employer

Reduction in losses

Reduced claims

Reduced prosecution Increased profits


The effect of training on human reliability



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Training

Induction training for new workers

Refresher training

Job change / process change

Introduction of new legislation Introduction of new technology


Opportunities and need for training provision



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Review and discussion of policy

Specific requirements

Fire and emergency procedures

Welfare facilities First aid

PPE


Induction training for new workers

Training



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Regular refresher training

Re-enforce employers desired approach

Common period is 3 years

Provide to managers and workers


Refresher training

Training



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Introduction of new substances / processes

Changes in working procedure

Changes in work patterns

Review of risk assessments


Job change / process change

Training



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Employers have a duty to bring to the attention of workers

specific changes in legislation

Changes that may affect personal safety include revisions of

limits of exposure to noise

Where a reduction in occupational exposure limits may

cause workers to adopt more stringent exposure controls

g p yImproving health and safety culture

Introduction of new legislation

Training



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Often requires the adoption of new work practices

Such training will include developing skills to interpret

equipment control layout and data display

g p yImproving health and safety culture

Introduction of new technology

Training



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Contents of element






g p y



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General points

Management commitment

Production demands

Communication

Competence

Employee representation

Internal and external influences on health and safetyg p y

Internal influences on health and safety



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General points

Societal expectations

Legislation

Enforcement

Insurance companies

Trade unions

Stakeholders

Economics

Internal and external influences on health and safetyg p y

External influences on health and safety



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Contents of element






g p y


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Element 4

Promoting apositive health and

safety culture


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Unit IGC1

Management ofInternational health

and safety


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NEBOSH


igc1 - element 4 promoting a positive (1st ed) v.1.0

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