IFAD’s Gender and Targeting Webinar Series

Purpose of the webinar series

Webinar programme29 April – Livelihoods and gender analysis20 May – Targeting and gender strategies 17 June – Monitoring and impact indicators2 July – Gender marker

Practical tips on gender-sensitive monitoring and impact indicators

StructureI. Indicators in project cycleII. Overview of indicatorsIII. Logframe*IV. Impact indicators*

* Opportunity for contributions

LinksIFAD Asia and Pacific Region e-learning on M&E (to be launched soon)

Gender in Agriculture Sourcebook (WB, FAO and IFAD) http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTARD/EXTGENAGRLIVSOUBOOK/0,,contentMDK:21348334~pagePK:64168427~piPK:64168435~theSitePK:3817359,00.html

Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) http://www.ifpri.org/book-9075/ourwork/program/weai-resource-center

I. Indicators in project cycle

Targeting and gender process

Rural livelihoods

Project design + indicators

Gender strategyTargeting strategy

Project implementation + M&E

Project impact

Gender analysisSocio-economic analysis

Webinar 1

Webinar 2

Webinar 3

Target group profile

II. Overview of indicators

Technical change

Increased productivity

Increased income

and/or food access

Better life

Output Outcome and impact

III. Logframe

  Narrative summary Indicators Means of verification

Assumptions/

risks

 Goal

Purpose (development objectives)  

Outcomes

Outputs

 

• Logical results chain?

• Address gender and poverty?

Disaggregate “people” (e.g. by sex, age, relevant variables).Do indicators consider qualitative as well as quantitative aspects?

Beyond “numbers” of women and men.

Perceived/felt impact? Changes in attitude? Behaviour? (particularly Outcome/development objective/goal levels)

• What measures verify whether project benefits accrue to women and men?

• Different types of women and men engaged in, or impacted by the project?

• Consider socio-economic, ability, age variables.

• Think beyond “economic” benefits to consider benefits related to social relations, labour, time, etc.)?

Formulating gender-sensitive indicators

• Yes, SMART, but also:

• Address diversity - disaggregate by sex, age, socio-economic group, etc.

• Is GE, WE being measured? (reference IFAD Policy)• Anchor in agreed conventions, rights (e.g. CEDAW)• Suitable? Consult stakeholders in formulating, choosing

indicators• Clarify concepts, definitions• Mix of quantitative and qualitative• Prioritize

What do these indicators tell us?

1. 60% of targeted farmers increased adoption of soil and water conservation practices

2. No. and % of women experiencing improved livelihoods

3. # of women and men with increased access to income-earning opportunities over baseline

4. # of households having increased income over baseline

• Disaggregate• Dig deeper re: other impacts,

unintended results?• Felt/perceived impact?

• How does this compare to men?• What more information do we

need?• How do women define

“improved livelihoods?”

• What more do we need to know?

• Who is benefiting from those income-earning opportunities?

• Is someone reallocating labour? What impacts?

• Doesn’t tell us anything about felt impact/benefit within HH

• Consider unintended impacts (labour/time?).

Tell us more: Participatory GSI identification

1. % men and women reporting meaningful participation of women in household decision-making about income expenditure.

2. % men and women reporting ability of women to effectively control productive assets

3. % men and women with changed attitudes toward women’s control over productive assets.

Need clear definitions, participatory identification

Sex- versus gender-disaggregated data

Women Men Interpretation Opportunities Sex disaggre.

25 women trained 40 men trained

Gender disaggre.

Of 25 women, 80% headed their own households

All men were from married households

Women’s attendance increased when training was held in afternoons

Men’s attendance was constant

All participants were literate

All participants were literate

Of 25 women, only 20% held leadership positions in community

Of 40 men, 75% held leadership positions in community

Reduce fee for spouse attendance

Provide food and child care facilitiesSelect time of training to suit women’s work schedule

Provide literacy classes to increase outreach

Increase women’s representation in leadership positions in community decision-making bodies

More men attended ‘farming as a business’ entrepreneurship training than women.

Married women were less able to attend training than their husbands or women heading their own households. Reasons: burden of household duties; perception that entrepreneurship training is more relevant to men (a view held by both men and women in MHHs); a reluctance to pay fees for wives to attend.

Women were occupied during the morning with household duties (e.g. child care and food preparation); men had fewer constraints on their time.

Low literacy rates among women in community hindered illiterates from participating.

Male-dominated leadership meant that women’s considerations regarding timing and selection of training venue received little attention.

IV. Impact indicators: WEAI

Five domains of empowerment (90%

of index) Women’s

empowerment in five dimensions

Gender parity index (10%)

Women’s achievement’s relative to the

primary male in hh

Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index

(WEAI)

Index range from zero to one: higher values = greater empowermentIdentifies HOW

women are/ aren't empowered -can support project design

Identifies WHO is empowered: relative/relational empowerment of women within HH

WEAI measures absolute and relative levels of women’s empowerment

Link to IFPRI/USAID/OPHI website

IFAD questionnaire – what changes?

5 dimensions of empowerment

Indicators Weight Links to objectives of IFAD Policy on Gender Equality and

Women’s Empowerment

PRODUCTION 1.Input in productive decisions 1/10

2.Autonomy in production 1/10

RESOURCES 3.Ownership of asset 1/15

4.Purchase, sale, or transfer of assets

1/15

5.Access to and decisions on credit

1/15

INCOME 6.Control over use of income 1/5

LEADERSHIP 7.Group member 1/10

8.Speaking in public 1/10

TIME 9.Workload 1/10

10.Leisure 1/10

Economic empowerment

Decision-making and representation

Equitable workload balance

A woman who achieved the standard of "adequate" with 80% or more of weighted indicators – Lillian is empowered

Example – Lilian in Uganda

How to conduct the questionnaire

1. Gender questionnaire conducted after RIMS questionnaire in the same household

2. Information is collected at individual level (rather than household level) interviewing separately primary man and woman within same household

3. Define a household: monogamous, polygamous, etc.

V. Conclusion

Webinar programme29 April – Livelihoods and gender analysis20 May – Targeting and gender strategies 17 June – Monitoring and impact indicators2 July – Gender marker

RecapI. Indicators in project cycleII. Overview of indicatorsIII. LogframeIV. Impact indicators