if you were lost, how could a dog help?
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If you were lost, how could a dog help?. A new study says that dogs choose the direction they relieve themselves based on our planet's magnetic field. Inside the Earth How do scientists know?. Earth in General. 3 Layers Crust Mantle Core Diameter 12,750 km . Cross Section Diagram. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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If you were lost, how could a dog help?
A new study says that dogs choose the direction they relieve themselves based on our planet's magnetic field.
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Inside the EarthHow do scientists know?
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Earth in General
3 Layers• Crust• Mantle• Core
Diameter• 12,750 km
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Cross Section Diagram
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Overview of the Crust• Solid Basalt and Granite• 5-100 km thick• Coolest in temperature• Least dense
2.2-2.9 g/cm3
• Like the “shell of egg,” is brittle and can break
• Layer we live on
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What is the difference between sediment and bedrock?
Sediment is Smaller pieces of broken rock mixed with organic
material and remains
Bedrock is rockunderneath the accumulated
sediment
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Overview of Crust (continued)• Major changes
Plate Tectonics• Minor changes
Weathering & erosionDeposition of sediments
• Two types of CrustOceanic (very dense, made
of basalt)Continental (less dense,
made of granite)
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Example of minor change& a bit of New Hampshire folklore
For A. Cleary
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Oceanic and Continental Crust
Oceanic Crust• Mainly Basalt•Thinnest part of crust ~ 5 km thick•Density 3.0 g/cm3
• Ocean puddles on top• Youngest part of crust, new crust is made here
Continental Crust • Mainly Granite•Thickness varies but ~ 30 km thick• 100 km thick under Himalayans Mts.•Density 2.7 g/cm3
• Oldest part of crust
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Overview of the Mantle• Like “white” of egg• Hot layer of semi solid rock • Contains more iron, magnesium and calcium than crust • Hotter & denser… temp and pressure increase w/depth• ~2900 km thick• Density 3.4 – 5.6 g/cm3
• Multiple layers which have different densities
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Upper Mantle and Lower MantleUpper Mantle
• ~720 km thick• Density 3.4 – 4.4 g/cm3
• ~1480 C, rock is near melting
• Magma from some volcanoes can originate here
Lower Mantle• ~2170 km thick• Density 4.4 – 5.6 g/cm3
• ~ 2600 C• Higher level of magnesium
& silicon oxides
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Overview of the Core• Mostly iron & nickel, metal• Core is not rock or fire• ~3300 km thick• Twice as dense as mantle
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Outer Core
• Liquid nickel and iron• 2200 km thick• Density 9.9 – 12.2 g/cm3
• ~3800 C
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Inner Core
• Solid nickel and iron• 1250 km thick• Density 12.2 – 13.1 g/cm3• ~4300 C
The inner core is solid but hotter than the outer core; why?
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Where does the core get its heat?
• Chunks of material collided and stayed together, (Heat from these collisions can be on the order of 10,000 kelvins about 18,000 degrees Fahrenheit).
• Friction, when denser core material sinks• Decay of radioactive elements, mostly
uranium and thorium according to physicists.
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Earth’s Layers
How are the earth’s layers similar to an egg?
• Shell=crust• Egg white=mantle• Yolk=core
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Interactions between Layers Lithosphere
• Includes crust and solid, uppermost part of the mantle
•Broken into about 19 pieces, these pieces are called “PLATES”
•The plates move on top of the Asthenosphere (which is a thin layer of the upper mantle)
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Interactions between Layers
Asthenosphere • Beneath the lithosphere, in the mantle, lies a soft, relatively weak region of rock that flows slowly (like soft plastic or hot asphalt)
•Convection Currents that drive the movement of plates happen in the Asthenosphere
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Vocabulary expected to knowSphere – shaped like a ballHemisphere – half of a sphereInterior – insideExterior – outsideCross Section – diagram that shows a piece “cut
out,” so you can see the insideMolten – melted, usually referring to material
that melts at very HIGH temperature
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Vocabulary expected to know
*Lava – melted rock touching atmosphere*Magma – melted rock below the crustTectonic Plates – broken pieces of the
lithosphere
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Tectonic Plates• Earth’s crust is broken into about 19 pieces• These plates move on top of the
asthenosphere (thin layer of the upper mantle)