ies carbon footprint

Th W ld B k i Vi Vi t D l t I f ti C t

Vietnam Blended Learning Program

The World Bank in Vietnam Vietnam Development Information Center

CARBON FOOTPRINT EXERCISECARBON FOOTPRINT EXERCISE

Proposed by: Proposed by:

Institute of Energy Science (Vietnam)Institute of Energy Science (Vietnam)UQ SMART UQ SMART –– The University of Queensland (Australia)The University of Queensland (Australia)

ScheduleSchedule

I d i C b F i i Introduction to Carbon Footprinting Case Study Case Study: Billabong Carbon Footprint Practical

Introduction to Carbon Footprintingp g“You can’t manage what you haven’t measured”

INTRODUCTION TO CARBON FOOTPRINTING

The GHG Protocol

http://www.ghgprotocol.org/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_urMCfkPdus


Principlesp


Typesypes

Organisation Product / Serviceg

P j tProject


Operational BoundaryScope 1

Direct on site emissions

Ope a o a ou da y

Fuel combustion (vehicles, generators, equipment, LPG feed etc)

Scope 2

Indirect emissionsElectricity y

Scope 3

Indirect emissions Emissions that occur outside of the boundary

Image provided by National Greenhouse Energy Reporting Guidelines


Organisational Boundary

U ll

Organisational Boundary

Usually...

The buildings, processes and equipment that comprise each sitethat comprise each site

PLUS

The infrastructure directly connected to it, such as pump stations and pipelines or railway linesrailway lines.


Who must report a facility’s emissions?Who must report a facility’s emissions?

Regulation defines overall or “operational control” as having the highest level authority to introduce and implement any or all of the following:following:

Operating policiesHealth and safety policiesEnvironmental policies ORR l t d l ‘ ti l t l’Regulator declares ‘operational control’


Emissions Sources Carbon dioxide: combustion of fossil fuels

Emissions Sources

Methane: fugitive emissions from coal mining, solid waste disposal, wastewater

Nitrous oxide: wastewater treatment, nitrogenous fertilisers

Hydrofluorocarbons: commercial / industrial refrigeration and air conditioning systems

Perfluorocarbons: smelting of alumina, industrial solvents

Sulphur hexafluoride: switch gear in hv electrical equipment


GHG gases (Kyoto) & 100 yr GWP

carbon dioxide CO2 1 GWP

GHG gases (Kyoto) & 100 yr GWP

carbon dioxide CO2

methane CH4

nitrous oxide N2O

1 GWP21 GWP310 GWP

hydrofluorocarbons HFCs perflurocarbons PFCs sulphur hexafluoride SF

6,500 – 9,200 GWP140 – 11,700 GWP23 sulphur hexafluoride SF6 23,900 GWP

C b f t i t l d i t f di id Carbon footprint always measured in tonnes of dioxide equivalent (tCO2e)!

e.g. 1 tCH4 equals 21 tCO2e


MeasuringMeasuringSimply, there are essentially two (2) methods:

1. Direct measurement

e.g. Measurement of CO2 content at the stack using special equipment.

2. Collection of financial/consumption data, which is multiplied by an ‘emissions f ’ d b G factor’ approved by Government.

e.g. Each litre of gasoline (petrol) equivalent to 2.7 kgs of Co2-e.

Case Studies: NGERS, CDP, GRI

While not mandated in Viet Nam at this time, carbon footprinting is likely

to be implemented in the future…

Climate Policy (such as an ETS) Climate Policy (such as an ETS) requires a robust carbon footprinting frameworkfootprinting framework…

CASE STUDY (NGERS)

National Greenhouse & Energy Reporting

( )

National Greenhouse & Energy Reporting (NGER) Act 2007

Annual reporting system that will underpins the ETS (but has been in effect since 2008).

Reporting of GHG emissions (“carbon footprint”), energy consumption and generation –Scope 1 & 2 Only.

4 methods of calculating GHG emissions (we will use the default method)

Reporting thresholds at ‘corporate’ and ‘facility’ levels Reporting thresholds at corporate and facility levels

Corporate threshold reduces each year.

CASE STUDY (NGERS)

Reporting Thresholds

( )

A controlling corporation’s group (or facility) meets a ti th h ld f fi i l

Reporting Thresholds

reporting threshold for a financial year.

CASE STUDY (NGERS)

Methodology & Emissions Factors

( )

Methodology & Emissions Factors

www.climatechange.gov.au/publications/greenhouse-report/nger-technical-guidelines/2011.aspxreport/nger technical guidelines/2011.aspx

CASE STUDY (NGERS)( )

There are also other pressures to There are also other pressures to report GHG emissions…

CASE STUDY (CDP)

The Carbon Disclosure Project

( )

The Carbon Disclosure Project. • Headquartered in London, a network of 551

institutional investors, holding US$71 trillion in assets under management and some 50 purchasing organizations such as Dell, PepsiCo and Walmart.

• CDP request carbon water and climate change • CDP request carbon, water and climate change information on an annual basis from the largest companies globally as measured by market capitalization, as well as suppliers of major purchasing organizations In 2011 CDP requested purchasing organizations - In 2011, CDP requested data from over 8,000 companies.

• The only global organizational climate change reporting system. y g g g p g y

CASE STUDY (CDP)

The Carbon Disclosure Project – Findings

( )

The Carbon Disclosure Project – Findings 2011.

CDP sent 2011 request to the Global 500 companies on behalf of 551 investors with US$71 trillion of assets, asking them to measure and report what climate change means for their business.

81% (404) of corporations from the Global 500 responded to the CDP questionnaire.

74% (294) of Global 500 respondents disclose absolute or intensity emission reduction targets, an increase from 65% (250) in 2010.

68% (269) of companies are integrating climate change initiatives into their overall business strategy, up from 48% (187) in 2010up from 48% (187) in 2010.

CASE STUDY (GRI)

Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)

( )

p g ( )

Framework for corporations to report on their ‘ i bili ’ f‘sustainability’ performance.

Covers environmental, financial & social measures (triple bottom line). )

Sets basic reporting principles in place (boundaries, scope, verification etc)

Provides guidance on setting forward integrated organizational vision & strategy.

Emerging as the dominant sustainability reporting framework for organisations.

Case Study

CASE STUDY (BILLABONG)( )

Find this video on the CarbonLab channel: www.youtube.com/user/TheCarbonLabFind this video on the CarbonLab channel: www.youtube.com/user/TheCarbonLab


Company Profile

Revenue: approx $1.6 billion

Countries: 11,000 doors in >100 countries,

Staff: more than 6,000 World Wide

Head Office: Burleigh Heads, GC

ASX: listed on the ASX as BBG

SMART Partner since 2008.


SustainabilityProductsProducts

Boardshorts: eco supreme suede pioneer Organics: BB / Element T-shirts & Jeans Recycled: BB Polyester wetsuits (B9)y y ( ) Bamboo: Sector 9 skateboards, Xcel Rashies Swingtags: Recycled on organic products

InitiativesInitiatives Social: SA 8000 certification (supply chain) Social: Surfaid, Project Blue (Product Stewardship) Enviro: Energy efficiency / building designEnviro: Energy efficiency / building design Enviro: NGER and GHG Protocol Corporate Carbon Footprint Enviro: Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) TBL: Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)


WRI Reporting

Does not need to report under NGERs (<50,000 tonnes)

B t d es s l ntaril But does so voluntarily.

SCOPES 1 +2 (NGERS)Australia = 5,769 t/CO2-e in FY09-10. Global = 18,281 t/CO2-e.

Including Scope 3 (Flights, shipping etc) Global = 23,908 t/CO2-e.

www.billabongbiz.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=154279&p=environment


How / what it reports Reports on a year basis using “source data” Use WRI emissions factors Facilities in Australia and Overseas

Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions from following source data:

Transport fuels (Scope 1) - Fuel cardsTransport fuels (Scope 1) Fuel cards Fugitive emissions from refrigerants (Scope 1) – Walk through Gas use in forklifts and cooking facilities (Scope 1) - CC Receipts Electricity consumption (Scope 2) - Quarterly Invoices Flights (Scope 3) – CC ReceiptsWaste (Scope 3) – Waste management Invoices ‘Upstream’ fuel and electricity emissions (Scope 3) - data above

CASE STUDY (BILLABONG)

Electricity

( )

Billabong’s Vietnamese manufacturing facilities consumed 28,000,990 kWh during 2011/12, , g

This electricity was bought from the grid (non-specific source)

We need to report tCO2e for this consumption

To do this, we apply 1 emissions factors according to type / d b f h bl d d b hgeneration / distribution source from the tables provided by the WRI

(Cross Sector Tools)


Electricity

( )

Standard Equation:

tCO2e = kWh consumed x emissions factor / 1000

WhWhere

Emissions Factor = the most relevant electricity source (i.e. if the electricity source is non-specific then use Table D Total) electricity source is non specific then use Table D Total)


Electricity

( )


Electricity

( )

(d) Total

Country Type of fuel 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009Albania Total 0.0506795 0.064389 0.057271 0.028212 0.028095 0.03246 0.03314 0.045035 0.013846 0.011175Algeria Total 0.6198826 0.620993 0.631514 0.63187 0.631606 0.60584 0.621434 0.597206 0.596457 0.575967Angola Total 0.3824699 0.3814 0.353956 0.372808 0.212781 0.200756 0.19092 0.221474 0.200389 0.23745Argentina Total 0.3384653 0.267145 0.258104 0.274652 0.30753 0.31338 0.310544 0.351972 0.365999 0.355311Armenia Total 0.2358542 0.243022 0.153361 0.148025 0.119708 0.138329 0.138291 0.163467 0.16461 0.108001Australia Total 0.85303 0.859623 0.928748 0.917825 0.898801 0.909708 0.92562 0.876308 0.855599 0.852931Continues…. Vietnam Total 0.4270077 0.398613 0.429822 0.381037 0.41279 0.411603 0.44803 0.429992 0.413028 0.384103Yemen Total 0.9296299 0.930098 0.918915 0.884191 0.874403 0.840572 0.781404 0.678919 0.636163 0.630454Zambia Total 0.0069578 0.006831 0.006656 0.006806 0.00584 0.006328 0.00464 0.002766 0.003128 0.003247Zimbabwe Total 0.739766 0.848275 0.716994 0.515328 0.571859 0.572324 0.658132 0.61842 0.618732 0.618951


Electricity example

( )

Data:

Bill b ’ Vi t f t i f iliti d Billabong’s Vietnamese manufacturing facilities consumed 28,000,990 kWh during 2011/12

Electricity source is non specific Electricity source is non-specific

Standard Equation:

tCO2e = kWh consumed x emissions factor / 1000

tCO2e = 28 000 990 x emissions factor / 1000 tCO2e = 28,000,990 x emissions factor / 1000

tCO2e = 28,000,990 x 0.3841 / 1000

tCO2e = 10,755


Fugitive emissions

( )

Billabong’s Vietnamese manufacturing facilities have a 3 big commercial air conditioning unitsg

Each unit is filled (‘charged’) with 150kg of HFC-134a gas.

The leakage rate for commercial A/C units is 9% per annum.

To calculate the emissions, we determine the amount (kg) of gas l k h h d l l h b h lleaking into the atmosphere and multiply this by the GWP value

(Cross Sector Tools)


Fugitive emissions

( )

Standard Equation:

tCO2e = unit charge (kg) x annual leakage rate x GWP / 1000

WhWhere

Annual leakage rate = the % of gas that is estimated to be leaked each yeareach year

GWP= the Global Warming Potential of the gas versus CO2 (the standard unit of measure) e.g. 1 tonne of CH4 is equal to 21 tCO2e.standard unit of measure) e.g. 1 tonne of CH4 is equal to 21 tCO2e.


Fugitive emissions

( )


Fugitive emissions

( )

Data:

Billabong’s Vietnamese manufacturing facilities have a 3 big commercial air conditioning units - Each unit is filled (‘charged’) with 150kg of HFC-134a gas.

Equation:

h (k ) l l k /tCO2e = unit charge (kg) x annual leakage rate x GWP / 1000

tCO2e = 450 x .09 x 1430 /1000

tCO2e = 57.9


Liquid fuel

( )

Billabong’s vehicles (2004 models) consumed 40,000 litres of unleaded fuel operating in Viet Nam during 2011/12 p g g

We need to report CO2, CH4 and N20 emission from any fuel consumption

To do this, we apply 3 different emissions factors from 3 different tables provided by the WRI (Cross Sector Tools)


Liquid fuel

( )

Standard Equation:

tCO2e = Litres of fuel consumed x emissions factor / 1000

WhWhere

Emissions Factor = combined kg CO2e (CO2 + CH4 + N20)*

*See WRI tables


Liquid fuel

( )


Liquid fuel

( )

Table 10. CO2 Emission Factors by FuelFuel Region CO2 CO2 - Biomass Fuel CO2 Unit - Numerator CO2 Unit - DenominatorJet Fuel Other 9.428 Kilogram US GallonAviation Gasoline Other 8.333 Kilogram US GallonGasoline/Petrol Other 8.59873 Kilogram US GallonO d l l O h 0 3 l S G llOn-Road Diesel Fuel Other 10.131 Kilogram US GallonResidual Fuel Oil (3s 5 and 6) Other 11.125 Kilogram US GallonLPG Other 6.1 Kilogram US GallonCNG Other 0.053 Kilogram Standard Cubic FootLNG Other 4.46 Kilogram US GallonEthanol Other 5.56Kilogram US Gallon100% Biodiesel Other 9.46Kilogram US GallonE85 E h l/G li O h 1 28981 4 726Kil US G llE85 Ethanol/Gasoline Other 1.28981 4.726Kilogram US GallonB20 Biodiesel/Diesel Other 8.10442 1.892Kilogram US GallonJet Fuel UK 9.54605 Kilogram US GallonAviation Gasoline UK 8.37295 Kilogram US GallonGasoline/Petrol UK 8.71326 Kilogram US GallonOn-Road Diesel Fuel UK 9.99841 Kilogram US GallonResidual Fuel Oil (3s 5 and 6) UK 9.57671 Kilogram US GallonLPG UK 5 64102 Kil US G llLPG UK 5.64102 Kilogram US GallonCNG UK 0.05728 Kilogram Standard Cubic FootLNG UK 4.64546 Kilogram US GallonEthanol UK 5.56Kilogram US Gallon100% Biodiesel UK 9.46Kilogram US GallonE85 Ethanol/Gasoline UK 1.30699 4.726Kilogram US GallonB20 Biodiesel/Diesel UK 7.99873 1.892Kilogram US GallonJ F l US 9 57 Kil US G llJet Fuel US 9.57 Kilogram US GallonAviation Gasoline US 8.32 Kilogram US GallonGasoline/Petrol US 8.81 Kilogram US GallonOn-Road Diesel Fuel US 10.15 Kilogram US GallonResidual Fuel Oil (3s 5 and 6) US 11.8 Kilogram US GallonLPG US 5.79 Kilogram US GallonCNG US 0.054 Kilogram Standard Cubic FootLNG US 4 46 Kil US G llLNG US 4.46 Kilogram US GallonEthanol US 5.56Kilogram US Gallon100% Biodiesel US 9.46Kilogram US GallonE85 Ethanol/Gasoline US 1.3215 4.726Kilogram US GallonB20 Biodiesel/Diesel US 8.12 1.892Kilogram US Gallon


Liquid fuel

( )

Table 11. CH4 and N2O Emission Factors by Fuel

Transport and Fuel Region CH4CH4 Unit -Numerator CH4 Unit - Denominator N2O

N2O Unit -Numerator

N2O Unit -Denominator

Train - Diesel Fuel UK 0.8Gram US Gallon 0.26Gram US GallonOther UK 0Gram US Gallon 0Gram US GallonA i lt l E i t G li UK 1 26G US G ll 0 22G US G llAgricultural Equipment - Gasoline UK 1.26Gram US Gallon 0.22Gram US GallonAgricultural Equipment - Diesel Fuel UK 1.44Gram US Gallon 0.26Gram US GallonConstruction Equipment - Gasoline UK 0.5Gram US Gallon 0.22Gram US GallonConstruction Equipment - Diesel Fuel UK 0.58Gram US Gallon 0.26Gram US GallonOther UK 0Gram US Gallon 0Gram US GallonShip and Boat - Residual Fuel Oil UK 0.86Gram US Gallon 0.3Gram US GallonShip and Boat - Diesel Fuel UK 0.74Gram US Gallon 0.26Gram US GallonShip and Boat Gasoline UK 0 64Gram US Gallon 0 22Gram US GallonShip and Boat - Gasoline UK 0.64Gram US Gallon 0.22Gram US GallonOther UK 0Gram US Gallon 0Gram US GallonOther UK 0Gram US Gallon 0Gram US GallonTrain - Diesel Fuel US 0.8Gram US Gallon 0.26Gram US GallonAgricultural Equipment - Gasoline US 1.26Gram US Gallon 0.22Gram US GallonAgricultural Equipment - Diesel Fuel US 1.44Gram US Gallon 0.26Gram US GallonConstruction Equipment - Gasoline US 0.5Gram US Gallon 0.22Gram US GallonConstruction Equipment - Diesel Fuel US 0 58Gram US Gallon 0 26Gram US GallonConstruction Equipment - Diesel Fuel US 0.58Gram US Gallon 0.26Gram US GallonBus - CNG US 4.7184Gram US Gallon 0.42Gram US GallonBus - Ethanol US 0.985Gram US Gallon 0.875Gram US GallonBus - Diesel US 0.01887Gram US Gallon 0.01776Gram US GallonBus - Gasoline US 0.105Gram US Gallon 0.085Gram US GallonPassenger Car - Gasoline - Year 1984-1993 US 1.584Gram US Gallon 1.45575Gram US GallonPassenger Car - Gasoline - Year 1994 US 1.19475Gram US Gallon 1.26Gram US GallonPassenger Car - Gasoline - Year 1995 US 0 8055Gram US Gallon 1 06425Gram US GallonPassenger Car Gasoline Year 1995 US 0.8055Gram US Gallon 1.06425Gram US GallonPassenger Car - Gasoline - Year 1996 US 0.612Gram US Gallon 0.9585Gram US GallonPassenger Car - Gasoline - Year 1997 US 0.603Gram US Gallon 0.9495Gram US GallonPassenger Car - Gasoline - Year 1998 US 0.56025Gram US Gallon 0.88425Gram US GallonPassenger Car - Gasoline - Year 1999 US 0.486Gram US Gallon 0.75825Gram US GallonPassenger Car - Gasoline - Year 2000 US 0.4005Gram US Gallon 0.61425Gram US GallonPassenger Car - Gasoline - Year 2001 US 0.2475Gram US Gallon 0.3555Gram US GallonPassenger Car - Gasoline - Year 2002 US 0.24075Gram US Gallon 0.34425Gram US Gallonasse ge Ca Gaso e ea 00 US 0 0 5G a US Ga o 0 3 5G a US Ga oPassenger Car - Gasoline - Year 2003 US 0.2565Gram US Gallon 0.30375Gram US GallonPassenger Car - Gasoline - Year 2004 US 0.32625Gram US Gallon 0.18675Gram US GallonContinues…


Liquid fuel example

( )

Data:

Billabong’s vehicles (2004 models) consumed 40,000 litres of unleaded fuel operating in Vietnam during 2011/12

Standard Equation:

tCO2e = Litres of fuel consumed x emissions factor / 1000

tCO2e = 40,000 x emissions factor / 1000


Liquid fuel example

( )

Emissions factor:

kgCO2e per litre = CO2 + (CH4*21) + (N2O*310)

Where:Emissions factor from WRI table

CO2 = 8.7133/3.7854

Emissions factor from WRI table

Used to convert US Gallons to Litres

CH4 (0 3263*21/1000)/3 7854

Convert grams to kg

CH4 = (0.3263*21/1000)/3.7854

GWP to convert to CO2e

N2O = (0.18675*310/1000)/3.7854


Liquid fuel example

( )

Emissions factor:

kgCO2e per litre = (8.7133/3.7854) + ((0.3263*21/1000)/3.7854) + ((0.18675*310/1000)/3.7854)

kgCO2e per litre = 2.3

d d iStandard Equation:

tCO2e = 40,000 x emissions factor / 1000

tCO2e = 40,000 x 2.3 /1000

tCO2e = 92 tCO2e = 92


Liquid fuel

( )

Blended Fuels:

E 10 (10% th l 90% li ) B20 (20% bi di l 80% e.g. E-10 (10% ethanol, 90% gasoline), B20 (20% biodiesel, 80% diesel oil) etc.

Same methodology as for liquid fuels Same methodology as for liquid fuels.

Check the ratios (i.e. 90% versus 10%)

Two emissions factors will be relevant (1 for the ‘non-renewable fuel’ component and 1 for the ‘renewable’ component)

Apply the correct emissions factor according to the ratio


Solid & gaseous fuels

( )

e.g. coal, natural gas etc.

S th d l f li id f l Same methodology as for liquid fuels.

Ensure you check the relevant unit in the emissions factor.

Carbon FootprintCarbon FootprintPractical Exercise

CARBON FOOTPRINT EXERCISE


Important notes!


Answer the following QuestionsAnswer the following Questions

1. What are your company’s Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions in t/CO2e

2. Have any activities been excluded?

3. What is your company’s ‘carbon intensity’ in tCo2-e/$000?


PRESENTATIONS

Viện Khoa học năng lượng (Việt Nam)Viện Khoa học năng lượng (Việt Nam)UQ SMART UQ SMART –– The University of Queensland (Australia)The University of Queensland (Australia)

ies carbon footprint

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