ielts unit13 - conditionals including should and shortened conditionals
TRANSCRIPT
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Conditionals I, II, and III
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IF and THEN Clauses• Conditional sentences have at least two
clauses: IF clauses and THEN clauses.• Examples:
If I go into town tomorrow, then I will see a movie.
If he spoke Chinese, then he would work as a guide in China.
If they had been faster, then they would have won the race.
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IF Clauses (the condition)
• IF clauses present the condition.
• Examples:If I go into town tomorrow…
If he spoke Chinese…
If they had been faster…
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THEN Clauses (the results)
• THEN clauses present the results.
• Examples:
… then I will see a movie.
…. then he would work as a guide in China.
… then they would have won the race.
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IF and THEN Clauses
• The word “then” is optional, but the clause is still the result of the condition. So it is a “THEN” clause, without the word “then.”
• There are special rules for leaving out the word “if”. We will learn them later.
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Conditional I (present / future)
• When something is possible now or in the future
• Form: If (present) then will +V.
• Example: If she studies, she will
pass the geography test. (It is possible !!)
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Unless
• Unless = if not
• Example:
If we don’t finish soon, we will miss the train.
Unless we finish soon, we will miss the train.
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Temporals• Temporals are time expressions.
(Examples: before, until, after, by the time, etc.)
• When they refer to the future, they are like Conditional I: Temporal (present), will V.
• Examples:
Until he arrives, I will read a book.
They will make a cake before they go.
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Conditional II
• Form:
If (past) then would V.
• Example:
If he spoke Chinese, he would work as a guide in China. (Fact: He doesn’t speak Chinese, so it’s impossible.)
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Special Rules for Conditional II
• You can drop the “if” by moving the “were” to the front.
Example: Were he here, he would do it.
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Conditional III(past)
• Form: If had V + 3rd, then would have V + 3rd.
• Example: If we had studied, we would have passed the
exam. (Fact: We didn’t study and we didn’t pass the exam.)
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Where does the “not” go?
• If the girl had not looked both ways when she crossed the street, a car would have hit her. (Fact: She did look both ways, so a car did not hit her.)
• If the boys had practiced more, they would not have lost the game. (Fact: They did not practice enough, so they lost the game.)
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Shortened Conditional Sentences
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• If I should see him, I'll give him the message.
Should I see him, I'll give him the message.
• If you should need anything, please call me.
Should you need anything, please call me.
• If he should call you, I also want to speak to
him. --->
Should he call you, I also want to speak to him.
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Special Rules for Conditional III
• You can drop the “if” by moving the “had” to the front.
• Example:
If he had been there, we would have done it.
Had he been there, we would have done it.
• Be careful !! Although you are starting with a “little verb”, this is not a question !!
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• If we had known about the meeting, we would have attended.
Had we known about the meeting, we would have attended.
• If he had been here, he could have helped us.
Had he been here, he could have helped us.
• If she hadn't applied early, she wouldn't have been accepted.
Had she not applied early, she wouldn't have been accepted.
• If you hadn't left an hour early, you would have been late for
the meeting.
Had you not left an hour early, you would have been late for the meeting.
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Practice Time
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• 1. I only told you because I thought you would be interested. TOLD I ... you if I thought you weren't interested.
• 2. I won't organise the party unless you arrange the food. LONG I'll organise the party ... arrange the food.
• 3. I think it would be a good idea to speak to the manager first. WERE If ... speak to the manager first.
• 4. If you do the washing up I'll make the coffee. PROVIDED I'll make the coffee ... the washing up.
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• 5. Your tired because you keep staying up late.
WERE
If ... to bed earlier, you wouldn't be so tired.
• 6. You never enter competitions so you'll never win anything.
MIGHT
If you entered competions ... something.
• 7. The reason I haven't got much money is because they didn't
give me promotion.
POOR
If they had given me promotion I ... now.
• 8. I've been so happy since I met you.
MIGHT
I ... happy if I hadn't met you.
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• 1. would not/wouldn't have told
• 2. as/so long as you
• 3. I was/were you I would/I‘d
• 4. provided you do
• 5. you were to go
• 6. you might win
• 7. would not/wouldn't be so poor
• 8. might not have been