CONFERENCE RECORD

1976

IEEE

INTERNATIONAL

CONFERENCEon Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing

April 12-14,1976 * Philadelphia, Pa.

IEEE Cat. No. 76CH1067-8 ASSP

CONTENTS

SESSION 1 GENERAL SEGMENTATION § PHONEME RECOGNITION

(Monday 12 April 1976, 8:45 A. M. Salon L Raj Reddy, Chairman)

1.1 ACOUSTIC-PHONETIC EXPERIMENT FACILITY FOR THE STUDY OFCONTINUOUS SPEECH. Richard M. Schwartz 1

1.2 A DYNAMIC PROCESSING APPROACH TO EXTRACTION ANDCATEGORIZATION OF PHONEMIC INFORMATION. Kazuyo Tanaka S

1.3 THE 1976 MODULAR ACOUSTIC PROCESSOR (MAP): SIGNAL ANALYSIS

AND PHONEMIC SEGMENTATION, N. R. Dixon, H. F. Silverman 9

1.4 THE 1976 MODULAR ACOUSTIC PROCESSOR (MAP): DIADIC SEGMENTCLASSIFICATION AND FINAL PHONEMIC STRING ESTIMATION. H. F. Silverman,N. R. Dixon 15

1.5 ACOUSTIC-PHONETIC RECOGNITION IN BBN SPEECHLIS. Richard M.

Schwartz, Victor W. Zue 21

1.6 A MARKOV MODEL ACOUSTIC PHONETIC COMPONENT FOR AUTOMATICSPEECH RECOGNITION. C. C. Tappert 25

1.7 SPEECH SEGMENTATION AND FEATURE NORMALIZATION BASED ON AREAFUNCTIONS. Hideki Kasuya, Hisashi Wakita 29

1.8 THE SYNTAX OF ACOUSTIC SEGMENTS. Paul Mermelstein 33

1.9 AN ALGORITHM USING LINGUISTIC INFORMATION AND ITS APPLICATIONTO THE ANALYSIS OF SPEECH IN THE SPECTRAL DOMAIN. Philip Dimitrov

Christov 37

1.10 A CHANNEL ADAPTED VOCODER AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO CONTINUOUS

SPEECH RECOGNITION. L, Miclet 38

SESSION 2 PITCH 5 VOCAL TRACT MODELING

(Monday 12 April 1976, 8:45 A. M. Salon K Thomas Crystal, Chairman)

2.1 FORMANT EXCITATION BEFORE AND AFTER GLOTTAL CLOSURE. John N.Holmes 39

2.2 A STUDY ON LARYNGEAL CONTROL FOR PITCH CHANGE BY USE OF

ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE MODEL. Yuki Kakita, Shizuo Hiki 43

2.3 A VOICE SOURCE TAKING ACCOUNT OF COUPLING WITH THE

SUPRAGLOTTAL CAVITIES. B. Guerin, M. xMrayati, R. Carre 47

v

2.4 A HARDWARE VOCAL SOURCE SIMULATOR. M. Carcaud, J. L. Courbon,J. Genin, J. P. Lucas 51

2.5 A TECHNIQUE FOR THE AUTOMATIC LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION OF

PITCH CONTOURS. Dean R. Kloker 5S

2.6 COMPUTER MODELING AND ESTIt>lATION OF LINGUISTIC STRESS PATTERNS.

Alistair D. C. Holden, Jonn Y. Cheung 59

2.7 AUTOMATION OF THE MEASUREMENT OF LARYNGEAL VIBRATION PATTERNS

FROM HIGH SPEED FILM. D. G. Cuilders, A. Paige, G. P. Moore, M. NadalSuris 63

2.8 AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE OPTIMAL FILTER AS AN AREA.

FUNCTION PREDICTOR. James F. McGill 67

2.9 A TECHNIQUE FOR CONVERTING THE LINEAR PREDICTION AREAS MODELOF SPEECH TO A SIMPLE ARTICULATORY MODEL. S. Brooks, F. Fallside 71

2.10 VOCAL TRACT AREA FUNCTION MEASUREMENTS: TWO TIME-DOMAINMETHODS. Raymond Descout, Bernard Tousignant, Michel Lecours 75

2.11 DETECTION OF THE CLOSED GLOTTIS INTERVAL. Ismail I. El-Mallawany 79

2.12 ANALYSIS AND AREAS MODELLING OF NASALISED SPEECH BY A

MULTIVARIABLE IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUE. F. Fallside, S. Brooks 80

2.13 RESEARCH OF THE PITCH CONTOUR RULES FOR AN ITALLAN LANGUAGE

SPEECH UNDERSTANDING SYSTEM. Silvano Rivoira, Angelo Serra 81

2.14 AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF PITCH CONTOUR FOR SPEECH SYNTHESIS.

M. Mezzalama, E. Rusconi, P. Torasso 82

2.15 A COMPREHENSIVE MODEL FOR FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY GENERATION.Jolinathan Allen, Douglas O'Shaughnessy 83

SESSION 3 NARROW BAND SPEECH COMMUNICATIONS

(Monday 12 April 1976, 8:45 A.M. Salon H Caldwell Smith, Chairman)

3.1 AN ADAPTIVE INVERSE DIGITAL FILTER FOR FORMANT ANALYSIS OFSPEECH. Leland B. Jackson, John Bertrand 84

3.2 METHODS FOR NONLINEAR SPECTRAL DISTORTION OF SPEECH SIGNALS.John Makhoul 87

3.3 600 BPS VOICE DIGITIZER. G. S. Kang and D. C. Coulter 91

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3.4 SPEECH DIGITALIZATION WITH CHANNEL VOCODERS. Jean-Frederic

Zurcher, Patrick Graillot, Michael Cartier, Guy David, Pierre

Breant, Jean-Pierre Van Uffelen 95

3.5 OUTPUT SPECTRUM CONTOUR SCALING FOR AH ALL DIGITAL CHANNELVOCODER. D. P. Fulgnum 99

3.6 A FRAMEWORK FOR THE OBJECTIVE EVALUATION OF VOCODER SPEECH

QUALITY. John Makhoul, R. Viswanathan, William Russell 103

3.7 QUALITY COMPARISON MEASURE FOR LINEAR PREDICTIVE SYSTEMS.Steven Meister, Richard H. Wiggins 107

SESSION 4 GENERAL DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING CONCEPTS

(Monday 12 April 1976, 8:45 A.M. Salon J Charles Rader, Chairman)

4.1 DISCRETE HILRERT TRANSFORM FILTERING. M. Shaker Sabri, Willem

Steenaart •^__ - 116^

4.2 NEW RESULTS IN FIXED-POINT FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM ERROR

ANALYSIS. V. U. Reddy, M. Sundaramurthy 120

4.3 A NEW ALGORITHM FOR DOING THE FINITE DISCRETE FOURIER

TRANSFORMATION IN THE FREQUENCY DOMAIN IMPOSING UNIFORM AND GAUSSIAN

BOUNDARY CONDITIONS. John A. Spicer 126

4.4 THE ODD DISCRETE FOURIER TRANSFORM. Richard 0. Rowlands 130

4.5 DISCRETE CONVOLUTION OF COMPLEX INTEGER SEQUENCES. E. Vegh,L. M, Leibowitz 134

4.6 ORTHOGONAL TRANSFORMS FOR DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING. K. R,

Rao, N. Aimed 136

4.7 DISCRETE FOURIER TRANSFORM BASED ON A DOUBLE SAMPLING AND ITS

APPLICATIONS. Masuzo Yanagida, Osamu Kakusho 141

4.8 DESIGN TECHNIQUE FOR A CLASS OF STABLE TWO-DIMENSIONAL

RECURSIVE DIGITAL FILTERS. M. Ahmadi, A. G. Constantinides, R. A.

King ' 145

4.9 HARMONIC DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS AND FILTERING IN GALOIS FIELDS.

S. Cohn-Sfetcu, J. E. Gibb's 148

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SESSION 5 SPECIAL PHONEME RECOGNITION

(Monday 12 April 1976, 1:30 P.M. Salon L Robert Houde, Chairman)

5.1 A NOVEL PATTERN LEARNING § CLASSIFICATION PROCEDURE APPLIED TO

THE LEARNING OF VOWELS. John Burge, Frederick Hayes-Roth 154

5.2 ANALYSIS, RECOGNITION AND PERCEPTION OF VOICELESS FRICATIVE

CONSONANTS IN JAPANESE. Hiroya Fujisaki, Osamu Kunisaki 158

5.3 ACOUSTIC DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN (f) and (9) IN A SINGLE SPEAKER.

David J. Broad 162

5.4 AUTOMATIC ACOUSTIC-PHONETIC ANALYSIS OF VOWELS AND SONORANTS.

Iris Kameny 166

5.5 A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE USE OF ZERO-CROSSING ANALYSIS

METHODS FOR VOWEL RECOGNITION. Patrick F. Castelaz, Russell J.

Niederjohn 170

5.6 RECOGNITION OF VOWELS IN CONNECTED SPEECH BY USE OF THE

CHARACTERISTICS ON PERCEPTION OF VOWEL. Yoshinari Kanomori, Ken'iti

Kido 174

5.7 BENGALI SPEECH: FORMANT STRUCTURES OF SINGLE VOWELS AND INITIAL

VOWELS OF WORDS. M. Abdul Kader Pramanik, Ken'iti Kido 178

5.8 AUTOMATIC ACOUSTIC PHONETIC ANALYSIS OF FRICATIVES AMD PLOSIVES.Lee Molho 182

5.9 FUSION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SYNTHETIC VOWELS IN DICHOTIC

LISTENING. Hisao Kuwahara, Hisao Sakai 186

SESSION 6 AUTOMATIC WORD RECOGNITION

(Monday 12 April 1976, 1:30 P. M. Salon H Bruno Beek, Chairman)

6.1 SOURCE DATA ENTRY USING VOICE INPUT. M. B. Herscher, 11. B. Cox 190

6.2 STUDY OF AN ON-LINE, ADAPTIVE SPEAKER-INDEPENDENT WORD

RECOGNITION SYSTEM BASED ON ACOUSTIC-PHONETIC ANALYSIS AND

STATISTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION TECHNIQUES. Wen C. Lin, K. Ganesan 194

6.3 RECOGNITION OF CODED SPEECH (PHONOCODES). J. Dreyfus-Graf 198

6.4 SPEAKER INDEPENDENT RECOGNITION OF CONNECTED DIGITS. L. R.

Rabiner, M. R. Sambur 202

6.5 AM IMPROVED ISOLATION WORD RECOGNITION SYSTEM BASED UPON THE

LINEAR PREDICTION RESIDUAL. Michael J. Coker, Steven F. Boll 206

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6.6 VICI - A SPEAKER INDEPENDENT WORD RECOGNITION SYSTEM. PnillipsB. Scott

210

6.7 SPOKEN WORD RECOGNITION SYSTEM FOR UNLIMITED ADULT MALESPEAKERS. Ken'iti Kido, Takahide Matsuoka, Joji Miwa, Shozo Makino,Yoshinari Kanamori 214

6.8 COMPUTERS APPLIED FOR TIE RECOGNITION OF HINDI SYLLABLES. MoonisAli

218

6.9 APPLICATION OF DISCRETE WORD RECOGNITION AND RESPONSE TOMULTIUSER TACTICAL COMMUNICATIONS: WRS. Joseph J. Kalinowski, JosephC. Brown, Shiraz G. Bhanji, Merle G.. Hooten, John W. Preusse 222

6.10 AN ATTEMPT OF AUTOMATIC RECOGNITION OF SOME RUSSIAN WORDS.M. Derkach, R. Gumetsky, B. Gura 226

6.11 SPOKEN WORD RECOGNITION USING THE RESTRICTED NUMBERS OFLEARNING SAMPLES. Shuzo Saito, Masaki Kohda 229

SESSION 7 WIDEBAND SPEECH COMMUNICATIONS

(Monday 12 April 1976, 1:30 P.M. Salon J Thomas Tremain, Chairman)

7.1 DIGITAL CODING OF SPEECH IN SUB-BANDS. R. E. Crochiere, S. A.

Webber, J. L. Flanagan 233

7.2 LPC SYNTHESIS STARTING FROM WHITE NOISE CORRUPTED ORDIFFERENTIALLY QUANTIZED SPEECH. M. R. Sambur, N, S. Jayant 237

7.3 A SPLIT-BAND PREDICTIVE CODING SYSTEM AT 16 KB/S. John R.

Welch, Charles F. Teacher 241

7.4 HIGH QUALITY 16 KB/S VOICE TRANSMISSION. Aaron J. Goldberg,Richard L. Freudberg, Ronald S. Cheung 244

7.5 SINGLE-INTEGRATION, ADAPTIVE DELTA MODULATION. P. Cummiskey 247

7.6 ENHANCEMENT OF SPEECH BY ADAPTIVE FILTERING. R. H. Frazier,S, Samsam, L. D, Braida, A. V. Oppenheim 251

7.7 DIGITAL ENCODING OF VARIABLE-LENGTH VECTORS WITH APPLICATIONTO PITCH EXTRACTION AND PITCH-SYNCHRONOUS SPEECH ANALYSIS ANDSYNTHESIS. Dieter Langle 254

7.8 A PITCH COMPENSATING QUANTIZER. David L. Conn, James L. Melsa 258

7.9 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF DPCM SPEECH-TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS USINGKALMAN PREDICTORS. G. Pirani, C. Scagliola 262

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7.10 SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION OF PGM CODED SPEECH. D. J. Goodman,B. J, McDermott, L. H. Nakatani 266

7.11 ADVAMCED VOICE MODEMS FOR AERO COMMUNICATIONS. Josepn S.

Golab, Robert G. Bland 271

7.12 A METHOD FOR FILLING GAPS IN A SPEECH SIGNAL LEFT BY THE

EXCISION OF IMPULSIVE NOISE. L. S. Moye 275

SESSION 8 DIGITAL FILTER THEORY

(Monday 12 April 1976, 1:30 P. M. Salon K J, Kaiser, Cnairman)

8.1 DIGITAL LATTICE FILTERS WITH REDUCED NUMBER OF MULTIPLIERS.

Y. Neuvo, 0. Simula 276.

8.2 FILTERING FOR CODE CONVERSION IN DIGITAL TELEPHONE EXCHANGES.

M. J. Carey, G. D. Tattersall, D. Goodman, A. R. Potter 280

8.3 DESIGM OF NONRECURSIVE DIGITAL FILTERS TO MEET MAXIMUM AND

MINIMUM FREQUENCY RESPONSE CONSTRAINTS. B. J. Leon, M. T. McCallig 284

8.4 AN ALGORITHM FOR DESIGNING CONSTRAINED LEAST-SQUARES FILTERS.B. P. Agrawal 288

8.5 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF DIGITAL

DECIMATORS, INTERPOLATORS, AMD NARROWBAND FILTERS. R. E, Crocuiere,L. R. Rabiner 292

8.6 THE AUTO-CORRELATION FUNCTION AND SPECTRA OF A SIGNAL THAT HASBEEN RANDOMLY SAMPLED. P. F. Scott 296

8.7 CONVARIANCE INVARIANT SIGNAL PROCESSING. L. L. Scharf, J. Perl 300

8.8 GRAPHICAL DETERMINATION OF THE GROUP DELAY CHARACTERISTICS OFDIGITAL FILTERS. M. S. Sabri, A. E. Mostafa 305

SESSION 9 SPEECH ANALYSIS

(Tuesday 13 April 1976, 8:45 A. M. Salon H Ronald Schafer, Chairman)

9.1 ANALYSIS-SYNTHESIS USING POLE-ZERO APPROXIMATIONS TO SPEECHSPECTRA. Norman Green 306

9.2 AUTOMATIC FORMANT EXTRACTION UTILIZING MEL SCALE AMD EQUALLOUDNESS CONTOUR. S. Itahashi, S. Yokoyama 310

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9.3 MEASURING PITCH AMD FORMANT FREQUENCIES FOR A SPEECHUNDERSTANDING SYSTEM. D. W. Tufts, S. E. Levinson, R. Rao 314

9.4 DIRECT LINEAR PREDICTION FOR FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY ANALYSIS.Kazuhiro Fuchi, S. Itahashi 318

9.5 AN ALGORITHM FOR DIGITAL TIME-DOMAIN PITCH PERIOD DETERMINATIONOF SPEECH SIGNALS AND ITS APPLICATION TO DETECT Fn DYNAMICS IN VCVUTTERANCES. Wolfgang J. Hess 322

9.6 A PATTERN CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHM FOR THE VOICED/UNVOICEDDECISION. L. J. Siegel, K. Steiglitz 326

9.7 DYNAMIC ENERGY TRACKING FOR RESPONSIVE VOICING. Gilbert M.Kaufman 330

9.8 SOME COMPARISONS AMONG SEVERAL PITCH DETECTION ALGORITHMS.M. J, Cheng, L. R. Rabiner, A. E. Rosenberg, C. A. McGonegal 332

9.9 EFFECT OF NOISE AND DISTORTION IN SPEECH ON PARAMETRICEXTRACTION. B, Yegnanarayana 336

9.10 COMPUTER ANALYSIS OF TIME JITTER IN VOWEL SOUNDS. D. J.

Anderson, J. R. Deller, Jr., R. E. Stone, Jr. 340

9.11 REAL-TIME INFORMATION REDUCTION IN DIGITAL SOUND SPECTROGRAMSOF SPEECH. Gunther Ruske 343

9.12 PERCEPTUAL AND ACOUSTIC CUES OF FEMALE VOICE. Hirokazu Sato 347

9.13 AN ADAPTIVE SPEECH ANALYSIS SYSTEM. H. Morikawa, H. Fujisaki 348

9.14 NON-PROSODIC PITCH VARIATIONS IN CONTINUOUS SPEECH. W. J. Hess 349

SESSION 10 SPECTRAL ANALYSIS § DECONVOLUTION

(Tuesday 13 April 1976, 8:45 A. M. Salon J Harvey Silverman, Chairman)

10.1 DECONVOLUTION OF POISSON TRANSFORMATION. L. T. Quick, L. P.

Bolgiano, Jr. 350

10.2 SECTIONED DIGITAL FILTERING FOR NONLINEAR BAYESIAN SIGNAL

DECONVOLUTION. B. R. Hunt, H. J. Trussell 354

10.3 TIME DELAY ESTIMATION. G. C. Carter, C. H. Knapp 357

10.4 SIGNAL PROCESSING BY FUNCTIONAL ELIMINATION FILTERS. E. Plotkin 361

10.5 SECTIONED SPECTRUM PROCESSING FOR WIDEBAND SIGNALS. T. E. Eger 365

10.6 CROSSFREQUENCY ESTIMATION FOR DECONVOLUTION. B. A. Eisenstein,L. R. Cerrato 369

xi

10.7 A MONTE CARLO APPROACH TO NUMERICAL DECONVOLUTION. M. P.

Ekstrom 372

10.8 QUADRATIC RESIDUES: APPLICATION TO*CHIRP FILTERS AND DISCRETE

FOURIER TRANSFORMS. M. J. Narasimha, K. Shenoi, A. M. Peterson 376

SESSION 11 UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS-ALGORITHMS AND HARDWARE

(Tuesday 13 April 1976, 8:45 A. M. Salon L Victor Anderson, Chairman)

11.1 COMPARISON OF TRANSIT DETECTORS IN OCEAN-LIKE ENVIRONMENTS.Thomas J. Curry, Donald W. Tufts 379

11.2 LOCALIZED VARIATION IN THE OCEAN'S TRANSMISSION PROPERTIES:

ITS DRASTIC EFFECT ON A SONAR DISPLAY. William Barry 383

11.3 A NOVEL METHOD FOR MEASURING PHASE AND SENSITIVITY OF LONG

FOCUSED ACOUSTIC ARRAY. Lyles C. Adair 386

11.4 A FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM (FFT) BASED SONAR SIGNAL PROCESSOR.

R. C. Trider 389

11.5 AN ADAPTIVE THRESHOLDING SYSTEM FOR FUNCTIONING IN

N0NSTATIONARY NOISE BACKGROUNDS. D. V. Gupta, J. F. Vetelino,T. J. Curry, J. T. Francis 394

11.6 MODELING HYDROPHONE ARRAY DIRECTIVITY EFFECTS FOR SONAR SYSTEM

PERFORMANCE PREDICTION. Dwight 0. Monteith, Jr. 398

SESSION 12 LOUDSPEAKER SYSTEMS

(Tuesday 13 April 1976, 8:45 A. M, Salon K James Novak, Chairman)

12.1 APPLICATIONS OF NETWORK SYNTHESIS TO LOUDSPEAKER SYSTEM

THEORY, A. N. Thiele 402

12.2 SYNTHESIS OF LOUDSPEAKER DRIVER PARAMETERS. R. H. Small 406

12.3 NON-LINEAR EFFECTS IN DIRECT RADIATOR LOUDSPEAKER SYSTEMS.J. R. Ashley 409

12.4 APPLICATION OF RECENT AUSTRALIAN LOUDSPEAKER RESEARCH TO

PRODUCIBLE LOUDSPEAKER SYSTEMS. D. B. Keele, R. Newman 410

12.5 THEORY AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICALLY TAPERED ELECTRO-

ACOUSTIC ARRAYS. J. E. Benson 413

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SESSION 13 AUTOMATIC RECOGNITION/UNDERSTANDING OF CONTINUOUS SPEECH

(Tuesday 13 April 1976, 1:30 P. M. Salon H Rex Dixon, Chairman)

13.1 FOCUS OF ATTENTION IN A DISTRIBUTED-LOGIC SPEECH UNDERSTANDINGSYSTEM. Frederick Hayes-Roth, Victor R. Lesser 416

13.2 SYNTAX AND SEMANTICS IN A DISTRIBUTED SPEECH UNDERSTANDINGSYSTEM. Frederick Hayes-Roth, David J. Mostow 421

13.3 PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF A SYSTEM FOR THEAUTOMATIC RECOGNITION OF CONTINUOUS SPEECH. li. R. Bahl, J. K. Baker,P. S, Cohens N. R. Dixon, F. Jelinek, R. L. Mercer, H. F. Silverman 425

13.4 ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF A CONNECTED SPEECH UNDERSTANDINGSYSTEM AT LEXICAL, SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC LEVELS. Jean-Paul Haton,Jean Marie Pierrel 430

13.5 A SPEECH RECOGNITION SYSTEM FOR CONNECTED WORD SEQUENCES. TobyE. Skinner, Dean R. Kloker, Mark F. Medress 434

13.6 USES OF HIGHER LEVEL KNOWLEDGE IN A SPEECH UNDERSTANDINGSYSTEM: A PROGRESS REPORT. W. A. Woods, M. Bates, G. Brown, B.

Bruce, J. W. Klovstad, B. Nash-Webber 438

13.7 SPEECH RECOGNITION IN THE QUESTION-ANSWERING SYSTEM OPERATEDBY CONVERSATIONAL SPEECH. Masaki Kohda, Ryohei Nakatsu, KiyohiroShikano 442

13.8 GENERATIVE GRAMMARS AND DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING IN SPEECH

RECOGNITION WITH LEARNING. T. K. Vintsiuk 446

13.9 PHONEMB-BY-PHONEME OF SPEECH COMPOSED OF THE WORDS OF GIVEN

VOCABULARY. T. K. Vintsiuk, 0. N. Gavrilyuk, A. G. Shinkazh 450

13.10 A SYNTACTIC ANALYZER ADAPTED TO SPEECH RECOGNITION. P. Quinton 453

13.11 A MULTI-PURPOSE SPEECH RECOGNITION SYSTEM. L. Buisson, G.

Mercier, P. Quinton, R. Vives 457

SESSION 14 APPLICATION OF LINEAR PREDICTIVE CODING TO SPEECH COMMUNICATIONS

(Tuesday 13 April 1976, 1:30 P. M. Salon J Bishnu Atal, Chairman)

14.1 A NEW METHOD FOR ACCURATE ANALYSIS OF VOICED SPEECH, A. D. C.

Holden, Y. K. Gulut 458

14.2 NEW LATTICE METHODS FOR LINEAR PREDICTION. John Makhoul 462

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14.3 LPCW: AN LPC VOCODER WITH LINEAR PREDICTIVE SPECTRAL WARPING.John Makhoul, Lynn Cosell 466

14.4 PIECEWISE LINEAR PREDICTIVE CODING (PLPC). J. E. Roberts,R. H. Wiggins 470

14.5 LINEAR PREDICTIVE CODING SYSTEMS. Thomas Tremain 474

14.6 A DIRECT METHOD FOR SEQUENTIALLY UPDATING LINEAR PREDICTOR

COEFFICIENTS FOR THE CONVARIANCE METHOD. Charles Schmid 479

14.7 A COMPARISON OF THREE MBTHODS FOR COEFFICIENT QUANTIZATIONAND BIT ALLOCATION. J. D. Markel, A. H. Gray, Jr. 481

14.8 TOWARDS PERCEPTUALLY CONSISTENT MEASURES OF SPECTRAL DISTANCE.R. Viswanathan, J. Makhoul, W. Russell 485

14.9 THE FACTORIAL LINEAR MODELLING: A KARHUMEN-LOEVE APPROACH TOSPEECH ANALYSIS. G. Carayannis, C. Gueguen 489

14.10 LINEAR ESTIMATION FILTERS IN SPECTRAL ANALYSIS. D. L. Helsey,L. J. Griffiths 493

14.11 EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF PIECEWISE-LINEAR-PREDICTIONCODING (PLPC) OF SPEECH SIGNALS. Caldwell P. Smith 497

SESSION 15 STRUCTURE AND QUANTIZATION

(Tuesday 13 April 1976, 1:30 P. M. Salon L L. Jackson, Chairman)

15.1 ROUNDOFF NOISE MINIMIZATION IN STATE-SPACE DIGITAL FILTERING.S. Y. Hwang 498

15.2 RANDOM ROUNDING: SOME PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS. A. C.Callahan 501

15.3 FILTER STRUCTURES WHICH MINIMIZE ROUNDOFF NOISE IN FIXEDPOINT DIGITAL FILTERS. C. T. Mullis, R. A. Roberts 505

15.4 AN EQUIVALENT NETWORK THEORY FOR A CLASS OF DISCRETE-TIMENETWORKS. D. J. Schmidlin 509

15.5 OPTIMIZATION OF RECURSIVE CASCADE FILTERS. K. Hirano, H.Sakaguchi, B. Liu 513

15.6 AN ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMALLY ORDERING TIE SECTIONS OF A CASCADEDIGITAL FILTER. T. R, Lapp, R. A. Gabel 517

xiv

15.7 A GENERAL REALIZATION METHOD FOR WAVE DIGITAL FILTERS. C, L.Qiao, B. C. Chi 521

15.8 AM EFFICIENT PARALLEL ALGORITHM FOR DIGITAL IIR FILTERS. A.L. Moyer 525

15.9 DIGITAL FIXED-POINT MULTIPLICATION ERROR STRUCTURE AMD SOME

CONSEQUENCES. L. P. Mulcahy 529

15.10 ERROR ESTIMATION OF DIGITAL FILTERS WITH ARBITRARY STRUCTUREAND ARITHMETIC BY SIMULATION. A. Lacroix 533

SESSION 16 DISTORTION IN MUSIC ENTERTAINMENT SYSTEMS

(Tuesday 13 April 1976, 1:30 P. M. Salon K Richard Small, Chairman)

16.1 DISTORTION IN MICROPHONES. Svetislav V. Djuric 537

16.2 DISTORTION IN TAPE RECORDING SYSTEMS. Marvin Camras 540

16.3 DISTORTION IN DISC RECORDING SYSTEMS. James White 541

16.4 DISTORTION IN AUDIO AMPLIFIERS. Matti Otala 542

16.5 LOUDSPEAKER DISTORTION. Paul W. Klipsch 543

16.7 ON THE AUDIBILITY OF DISTORTION. J. Robert Ashley 547

SESSION 17 AUTOMATIC WORD SPOTTING

(Wednesday 14 April 1976, 8:30 A. M. Salon H Paul Mermelstein, Chairman)

17.1 SPEECH TIMING OF COREFERENCE. William E. Cooper 548

17.2 WORD HYPOTHESIZATION IN THE HEARSAY II SPEECH SYSTEM. A,Richard Smith 549

17.3 WORD VERIFICATION IN A SPEECH UNDERSTANDING SYSTEM. CraigCook t SS3

17.4 WORD SPOTTING IN CONTINUOUS SPEECH USING LINEAR PREDICTIVE

CODING. R. W. Christiansen, C K. Rushforth 557

17.5 DICTIONARY EXPANSION VIA PHONOLOGICAL RULES FOR A SPEECH

UNDERSTANDING SYSTEM. William A. Woods, Victor W. Zue 561

17.6 LEXICAL CLASSIFICATION IN A SPEECH UNDERSTANDING SYSTEM USING

FUZZY RELATIONS. R. DeMori, P. Torasso 565

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17.7 DURATION AS A SYNTACTIC BOUNDARY CUE IN AMBIGUOUS SENTENCES.Nina Macdonald 569

17.8 A DIGITAL FILTER BANK FOR SPECTRAL MATCHING. Dennis Klatt 573

17.9 PHONOLOGICAL RULE TESTING OF CONVERSATIONAL SPEECH. BeatriceT. Oshika 577

17.10 PROBABILISTIC LEXICAL RETRIEVAL COMPONENT WITH EMBEDDEDPHONOLOGICAL WORD BOUNDARY RULES. John W. Klovstad 578

SESSION 18 AIDS FOR HANDICAPPED

(Wednesday 14 April 1976, 8:30 A. M. Salon K John Heinz, Chairman)

18.1 INTERMODULATION DISTORTION IN HEARING AIDS: THE NEED FOR

MEASUREMENT STANDARDS AND INHERENT COMPLICATIONS. Howard C. Schweitzer,G. Donald Causey 579

18.2 PROTOCOL FOR PRESCRIPTIVE FITTING OF A WEARABLE MASTER HEARINGAID. H. Levitt, R.E. C. White, S. B. Resnick 583

18.3 REALTIME RECOGNITION OF UNVOICED FRICATIVES IN CONTINUOUSSPEECH TO AID THE DEAF. D. A. MacKinnon, H. C. Lee 586

18.4 A REALTIME SOUND SPECTROGRAPH WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR SPEECHTRAINING FOR THE DEAF. L. C. Stewart, Wilbur D. Larkin, Rooert A.Houde 590

18.5 SPEECH PERCEPTION VIA THE TACTILE MODE: PROGRESS REPORT.Frank A. Saunders, William A. Hill, Carol A, Simpson 594

18.6 TACTILE STIMULATION AS AN AID FOR THE DEAF IN PRODUCTION AWRECEPTION OF SPEECH: PRELIMINARY STUDIES, Moise H. Goldstein, Jr.,Rachel E, Stark, Grace H. Yeni-Komshian, D. G. Grant 598-

18.7 ANALYSIS OF CONSONANT RECOGNITION SCORES OF COGENITALSENSORINEURAL HEARING IMPAIRED. Barbara Franklin 602

18.8 TOO SENSORY AIDS HAVING PROFOUND EFFECTS ON THE BLIND.William De l'Aune, Chester Lewis, Mary Dolan, Thomas Grimmelsman,Walter Needham 606

18.9 AM INSTRUMENTATION FOR FACILITATING EASY ONSET PATTERNS FOR

STUTTERERS. Joseph G. Agnello, E. M. Weiler, Max F. Farley 611

18.10 ACOUSTICAL AMALYSIS FOR VOICE DISORDERS. Siiizuo Hiki, SatosuiImaizumi 613

xvi

18.11 SOME PROPERTIES OF FORMANT FREQUENCIES OF VOWELS UTTEREDBY DEAF AND HARD OF HEARING CHILDREN. Shizuo Hiki 617

SESSION 19 HARDWARE AND ARCHITECTURE FOR SIGNAL PROCESSORS

(Wednesday 14 April 1976, 8:30 A. M. Salon J J. Fisher, Chairman)

19.1 HARDWARE CONSIDERATIONS IN FFT PROCESSORS. J. P. Agrawal,J. Ninan e>18

19.2 AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF TIME EFFICIENT DIGITAL SIGNALPROCESSING SOFTWARE. L. R. Morris 622

19.3 PROGRAMMABLE COMMUNICATIONS TERMINAL OPTIMIZATION USINGSYSTEMATIC DIGITAL SIGNAL COMPRESSION PROCEDURES. C, M. Walter 626

19.4 SIMPLE HYBRID SYSTEMS FOR ACCURATE SYNTHESIS AND ANALYSISOF HARMONIC SPECTRA. S. T. Scott, Howard A. Stromberg 630

19.5 A DIGITAL LOOP COMMUNICATION SYSTEM APPLIED TO SIGNAL

PROCESSING AND SPEECH RESEARCH. F. C. Pirz 633

19.6 A DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEM. A. Peled 636

19.7 THE PROGRAMMABLE ARRAY PROCESSOR. J. Robinson, J. Welch,C. Teacher 640

19.8 A NEW PORTABLE STAND ALONE DIGITAL PROCESSOR, E. Hanson 644

19.9 A TWO'S-COMPLEMENT PIPELINE MULTIPLIER. E. K. Cheng 647

19.10 GASP A PROGRAMMABLE SIGNAL PROCESSOR. J. A, V. Rogers 651

SESSION 20 UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS-PERFORMANCE MEASURES AMD PREDICTION

(Wednesday 14 April 1976, 8:30 A. M. Salon L William Von Winkle, Chairman)

20.1 SONAR DESIGN IN THE REAL OCEAN: MULTIPATH LIMITATIONS ON

SONAR PERFORMANCE. R. J. Urick 652

20.2 STATISTICAL PROPERTIES OF UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC AMBIENT NOISE

FIELDS. Stanley L. Adams, W. J. Jobst 656

20.3 MOTION INDUCED COHERENCE DEGRADATION IN PASSIVE SYSTEMS.Albert A. Gerlach 660

20.4 DISPERSIVE PROPERTIES OF TIE UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC CHANNEL.

S. L. Adams, J. Doubek 664

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20.5 NORMAL MODE THEORY OF UNDERWATER SOUND PROPAGATION IN A RA^GE

DEPENDENT ENVIRONMENT. R. D. Graves, A. Nagl, II. Uberall, G. L.

Zarur 668

20.6 SONAR DESIGN IN THE REAL OCEAN - TARGET, BACKGROUND, AND OWN

SHIP LIMITATIONS ON SONAR PERFORMANCE. T. C. Slotwinski 671

20.7 THE PASSIVE SONAR EQUATION - EFFECTS OF ADDITIVE INTERFERENCE,

R. F. Tiel 675

20.8 WIDEBAND TARGET STRENGTH MEASUREMENTS. M. A. Cosgrove o79

20.9 AN AUTOMATED SOLUflON FOR THE WIDE BAND SONAR EQUATION. D. E.

Nelson 682

SESSION 21 SPEECH SYNTHESIS

(Wednesday 14 April 1976, 2:00 P. M. Salon J Dennis Klatt, Chairman)

21.1 A TEXT-TO-SPEECH SYSTEM BASED ENTIRELY ON RULES. Rolf Carlson,Bjorn Granstrom 686

21.2 SPEECH SYNTHESIS FROM ENGLISH TEXT: A PROGRESS REPORT, C. H.

Coker, S. A. Webber 689

21.3 AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF CONTROL SIGNALS FOR A PARALLEL FORMANT

SPEECH SYNTHESIZER. Peter M. Seeviour, John N. Holmes, Michael W.

Judd 690

'21.4 SPEECH SYNTHESIS BY DYADS AND AUTOMATIC INTONATION PROCESSING.

Danielle Larreur et Francoise Emerard 694

21.5 COMPUTER SYNTHESIS OF MANDARIN. C. Y. Suen 698

21.6 A COMPREHENSIVE MODEL FOR FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY GENERATION.

J. Allen, D. Q'Shaugnnessy 701

21.7 IMPROVING SYNTHETIC SPEECH QUALITY USING BINAURAL REVERBERATION.

Steven F. Boll, E. Ferretti, T, Petersen 705

21.8 MULTIPLEX VOCODER FOR VOICE RESPONSE. Uwe Dibbern 709

21.9 SPEECH PROCESSING BY SPLICING OF AUTOCORRELATION FUNCTION.

Jouji Suzuki 713

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21.10 A MULTI-CHANNEL DIGITAL AUDIO LABORATORY FACILITY. JamesF. McGill 717

21.11 SPEECH RESYNTHESIS WITH A HARDWARE SYNTliESIZER. Lei F.Willems 721

21.12 AN APPLICATION OF THE LINEAR PREDICTION TECHNIQUE TO

EFFICIENT CODING OF SPEECH SEGMENTS. G. A. Mian, F. Morgantini, C.Offelli 722

SESSION 22 SPEAKER RECOGNITION

(Wednesday 14 April 1976, 2:00 P. M. Salon H Aaron Rosenberg, Chairman)

22.1 CASCADE REALIZATION OF DIGITAL INVERSE FILTER FOR EXTRACTINGSPEAKER DEPENDENT FEATURES. V. V. S. Sarma, B. Yegnanarayana 723

22.2 TEXT INDEPENDENT SPEAKER RECOGNITION USING ORTHOGONAL LINEAR

PREDICTION. M. R. Sarabur 727

22.3 ON THE CONNECTION OF SOME TIME CHARACTERISTICS OF SPEECHSIGNAL WITH THE INDIVIDUALITY OF VOICE, G. S. Ramishvili, M. A,Tushishvili 730

22.4 FEATURE EVALUATION AND SELECTION FOR AN ON-LINE, ADAPTIVE

SPEAKER VERIFICATION SYSTEM. Wen C. Lin, Sasi K. Pillay 734

22.5 AUTOMATIC SPEAKER RECOGNITION BY COMPUTERS. Ernst Bunge 738

22.6 SPEAKER IDENTIFICATION BY MULTIVARIABLE LINEAR PREDICTION

ANALYSIS. F. Fallside 739

22.7 SPEECH - A POSSIBLE INDICATOR OF PHYSICAL STRESS. Dr. H. S.

Hayre 740

SESSION 23 APPLICATIONS OF SIGNAL PROCESSING

(Wednesday 14 April 1976, 2:00 P. M. Salon L .Ronald Houts, Chairman)

23.1 ANALYSIS OF TECHNIQUES FOR PROCESSING PARALLEL SIGNAL OUTPUTS.

T. C. Cantwell, R. D. Wilmot 741

23.2 DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR IMPROVING THE USABLE BANDWIDTH OF AN MTI RADAR

SIGNAL PROCESSOR. R. C. Houts, D. W. Burlage 745

23.3 SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR FEATURE EXTRACTION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION.

B, A. Eisenstein, J. Fehlauer 749

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23.4 FREQUENCY-VARIANT OPTICAL SYSTEMS FOR SIGNAL ANALYSIS AMD

PROCESSING. W. T. Rhodes, J. M. Florence 753

23.5 PERFORMANCE OF A RANGE-AMBIGUOUS MTI AND DOPPLER FILTER

SYSTEM. J. K. Hsiao 75b

23.6 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES IN TRUCK TIRE VIBRATION

AND SOUND ANALYSIS. A. C. Eberhardt, W. F. Reiter, Jr. 760

23.7 'THE APPLICATION OF CEPSTRUM TECHNIQUE IN POWER CABLE FAULT

DETECTION. C. S. Chen, L. E.- Roemer 764

23.8 PLANE AVERAGING SIGNAL PROCESSING ON RADAR USING DFT TECHNOLOGY.T. Irabu, Y. Tomita, T. Hagisawa, Eiichi Kiuchi 768

SESSION 24 ELECTROACOUSTICS POTPOURRI

(Wednesday 14 April 1976, 2:00 P. M. Salon K James West, Chairman)

24.1 IS FOUR CHANNEL A QUADRI-FIZZLE. J. R. Ashley 772

24.2 NOISE MEASUREMENT TO ENSURE COMPATIBLE LAND USE. C. E. Wilson 777

24.3 THEORETICAL ASPECT OF ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS. H. H.

Ernyei 779

24.4 A METEOR INFRASOUND RECORDING SYSTEM. M, D. Watson, B. A.

Mcintosh, D. 0. ReVelle 786

24.5 THE VISUAL COMPONENT OF SPEECH RECEPTION IN CONFERENCE CENTERS.Lester L. Boyer 790

24.6 VIBRATION PICK-UP TYPE EAR MICROPHONE. H. Ono, S. Saito, S.Mori 794

Author List 795

Technical Committee 800

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