Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight ProceduresInternational Flight Inspection SymposiumOklahoma City, OK USA June 2008Ivan Ferencz CAA Slovakia

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures* of 19IFIS 2008, OKCOverviewIntroductionProcedure LifecycleDesign as a processFactors affecting the designKnown issuesConclusions

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures* of 19IFIS 2008, OKCIntroductionConventional Proceduresnavigation systems are periodically flight-tested and eventual defect of the procedure is discovered as a part of such tests RNAV ProceduresNo direct link to particular navigation systemData relatedRisk mitigation effect of physical presence of signal in space is inhibited

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures* of 19IFIS 2008, OKCProcedure Lifecycle (1)Airspace re-designNew NAVAIDsDecommission of NAVAIDsNew operationsCommunication between Originator and DesignerCommunication between Designer and Regulator

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures* of 19IFIS 2008, OKCProcedure Lifecycle (2)Procedure publication

No responsibility of State beyond this pointProcedure distributionProcedure execution

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures* of 19IFIS 2008, OKCProcedure Lifecycle (3)When to perform Flight inspection:

After DesignFlight Inspection Report is used as one of inputs of Validation

During ValidationFlight Inspection is used as one of validation tools

Before PublicationFlight inspection is used to obtain approval of AIP Amendment

At the user levelFlight inspection is used to confirm usability of procedurestandard FMS Databasecustomized FMS Database

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures* of 19IFIS 2008, OKCDesign as a Process (1)

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures* of 19IFIS 2008, OKCDesign as a Process (2)

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures* of 19IFIS 2008, OKCDesign as a Process (3)

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures* of 19IFIS 2008, OKCFactors affecting the Design

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures* of 19IFIS 2008, OKCKnown Issues (1)Height above THR15.0m versus RDHLength of SegmentsMinimum Stabilisation DistanceOptimum length T-Bar (Y-Bar)Descent and Climb GradientsBoundaries of the designApplication of the Earth curvatureFAF location

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures* of 19IFIS 2008, OKCKnown Issues (2)Segments OverlapInterfaces between segmentsFAF in precision procedureFAP versus FAFGP verification pointMissing dataDistinction from the Stepdown Fix

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures* of 19IFIS 2008, OKCKnown Issues (3)FAF(Final Approach Fix)Intermediate altitudeOCA15.0mMAPtSDF(Stepdown Fix)FAF(Final Approach Fix)Intermediate altitudeOCA15.0mMAPtSDF(Stepdown Fix)Stepdown Fix Altitude

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures* of 19IFIS 2008, OKCKnown Issues (4)NAVAIDs PerformanceILS Coverage17/25NM versus 10/18NM, GP coverageEarly phases of DeparturesMinimum Equipment ListIntersectionsNumber of waypointsSlow AircraftTrack discontinuity after turns

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures* of 19IFIS 2008, OKCKnown Issues (5)Missed Approach TextMore than one missed approach in procedureSpeed restrictionsSpeed limitations below PANS-Ops MarginsLower speed / higher bank combinationARINC 424 CodingCoding Advice versus Real Database

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures* of 19IFIS 2008, OKCKnown Issues (6)Departure End of RunwayEnd of Runway used instead of End of ClearwayEnvironmental AspectsProcedure might generates noise problemMagnetic VariationMagnetic Variation is not accommodatedRounding to the nearest whole degree

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures* of 19IFIS 2008, OKCConclusions (1)Huge amount of safety sensitive work lies on shoulders of sole person - instrument procedure designer flight inspection of procedures represents a barrier, which mitigates risks associated with the instrument procedures designEffectiveness of such risk mitigation strongly depends on skills of flight inspectors

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures* of 19IFIS 2008, OKCConclusions (2)Having in mind continuous transformation of flight inspection from flight inspection of systems to flight inspection of procedures, flight inspectors should become experts in instrument procedures design

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures* of 19IFIS 2008, OKCThank you for your attention.

Identifying the Achilles Heels of Instrument Flight Procedures

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