Ideas and Inventions

Investigation 1: Rubbings

Rubbings•How can rubbings help you

learn more about an object’s surface?

Investigation 1: Rubbings• What is texture?

• Texture is caused by the surface features on an object- how far parts of the surface extend up or down from the surface, and how the features are organized

Investigation 1: Rubbings

• You Try! Use a pencil or a crayon and a coin-- Try it both ways!

• The technique that you used to reveal features on coins is called rubbing. Rubbing often shows textures on an object that are hard or impossible to see in any other way. What you see is a pattern, or design, from the object being rubbed. A pattern is not a texture but a representation, or a picture, of a texture

• Technique is a way of doing something, a method or procedure.

• Texture is the surface features of a material or object. Texture can often be felt, but fine texture is revealed visually

• A pattern is a design, how something is arranged

Investigation 1: Rubbings

• What features of the penny can you see by rubbing?• Which tool, the crayon or the pencil, do you think is

better for making the rubbing of the coin and why?• How did you rub the coin? What technique did you

use?• How does your rubbing style make a difference in

the pattern that you made?• What happened to the pattern if the coin moved as

you were rubbing?

Investigation 1: Rubbings

• Make MORE Rubbings!!!

• Use objects in the bag and around the room to fill your sheet with rubbing samples

• Which materials made the most interesting rubbings?

• What can you see now that was hard to see when you looked at the material directly?

Investigation 1: Rubbings

• How can rubbings help you learn more about an object’s surface?

Rubbings enhance textures and patterns that are not readily visible.

Investigation 1: Rubbings

INVESTIGATION 2What might be revealed if we made rubbings of leaves?

• In your groups share each bag of leaves and carefully make a rubbing of each leaf.

• Remember we practiced rubbings last week

Can the leaf rubbings be grouped by similar venation patterns?

• Parallel leaves have veins that look like many straight lines running in the same direction.

• Palmate leaves have several main veins that all start from one point near the base.

• Pinnate leaves have one main vein with many large veins that branch off sideways.

Can you name the venation patterns on these leaves?

WORD BANK• The flat part of the leave is called the

leaf blade• The raised lines on the leaf are the

veins• The design of the leaf blades is the

venation pattern

How can the rubbing technique help us learn more about leaves?

• Rubbings make leaf characteristics such as venation easy to see. These characteristics can be used to group leaves

INVESTIGATION 2

CARBON PRINTING• Run your finger over your hand• How does it feels?• Today we are going to use a new technique

called carbon printing to look for patterns on finely textured objects

• Carbon printing lets us see otherwise invisible patterns

Fingerprints

• Turn to your partner and describe your finger print

• What do you see?• Are any of your prints and your partners prints

the same?• Scientists have discovered there are three

patterns of fingerprints: whorl, arch and loop

Finger print patterns

• Whorl fingerprints are lines that go in circles and all lines come back to the place where they started

• Arch fingerprints are lines that start on one side of the print and rise, fall and exit on the other side of the print

• Loop fingerprints are lines that start on one side of the print, rise and then turn around and exit on the same side of the print

Can you name these fingerprints?

HOW CAN THE CARBON PRINTING TEACHNIQUE HELP US LEARN MORE ABOUT FINGERPRINTS?

HOW CAN THE CARBON PRINTING TEACHNIQUE HELP US LEARN MORE ABOUT FINGERPRINTS?

• The carbon printing technique reveals the textured pattern of our fingerprints

Investigation 3: Color writing

Students will demonstrate how to use chromatography to revel pigments in water color inks

Part one

• In your group use a purple pen to write a word on your strip of paper

• Use a paperclip and allow the tip of the paper strip to touch the water

• Leave this for three minutes• Discuss with your group what happened!

Chromatography

• The color in the ink is called pigment• The process by which pigments

are made to move using paper and water is chromatography

CHROMATOGRAPHY

• Chromatography is a technique that allows us to see things that we normally cannot see.

• What can you see that you couldn’t see before?

• What color worked the best and why?• Chromatography reveals the hidden pigments

in watercolor pens

Investigation 4: REFLECTINGStudents will use mirrors to see things in and about the common environment that are not easily seen

Mirrors

• Where do you find mirrors and what are they used for?

• What type of materials act like mirrors?

Mirror Images

• Light reflects or bounces of a mirror• What you see in the mirror is a mirror image

and is a representation of a real object• Mirror images look real but are not• Mirrors can change the appearance of objects

and pictures

Mirrors and symmetry

• Mirrors are excellent at helping find lines of symmetry

• If a mirror is place on an object and the object looks exactly the same, the mirror is on a line of symmetry

REFLECTING

• An Image is a representation or likeness of an object; It looks real but is not

• A mirror image is an image produced by a mirror

• Mirror images are the result of reflection of light, light bounces of a smooth surface to form a mirror image

• Light travels in a straight line