id communication in sambahsa
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Id communication in Sambahsa
The aim of this draft is to provide the English speaker a fair amount of basicsambahsa vocabulary. It was inspired by “Basic Global English” by Pr. J.Grzega.Thanks to Dave McLeod (www.pageF30.com ) for reviewing this document
The sambahsa phonetic transcription:
The orthography of Sambahsa has been already explained in the Grammar document. Here, we only explain how the transcripted letters have to be pronounced.
[a] = like “a” in “car”[ä] = like “e” in “bed”, but often a bit longer [b] = as in English[c] = as “sh” in “shoe”[d] = as in English
[e] = as in Italian or Spanish. Listen to it: http://tts.imtranslator.net/4Fxa[ë] = as “e” in “the”[f] = as in English[g] = as “g” in “give”[h] = as “h” in “hope”[i] = as “i” in “bit”[j] = as “si” in “vision”[k] = as in English[l] = as in English[m] = as in English[n] = as in English[o] = as in English[ö] = as “u” in “burn”, but slightly longer [p] = as in English[q] = it is the “ach-laut” of German or the “jota” of Spanish. Listen to “khaco” (I’m notable to”: [qAko] : http://tts.imtranslator.net/4Fxf [r] = its pronounciation varies from region to region. Nevertheless, “rr” and “rh” haveto be pronounced rolled, as in Spanish.[s] = as “s” in “say”[t] = as in English[u] = as “oo” in “book”
[ü] = it is the “u” of French or the “ü” of German. Listen to “styr” (steering wheel) :http://tts.imtranslator.net/4Fxk[v] = as in English[w] = as in English[x] = it is the “ich-laut” of German. Listen to “ghianshiek” (rock, stone) :http://tts.imtranslator.net/4Fxt[y] = as “y” in “you”[z] = as “z” in “zero”[§] = as “th” in “thin”
Stressed vowels are written in capital letters, and a [:] following a vowel indicates that
this one has to be lengthened. Letters in italics can be left unpronounced.
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In the following wordlists, in order to help new learners of sambahsa, we’ll try toindicate some derived forms of nouns and verbs, though there are almost noirregularities in Sambahsa. In general, most substantives and adjectives areinterchangeable in Sambahsa.
Plu : plural Pp : past (passive) participles
1) Id alphabet [alfAbd]
a, b [be], c [tse], d [de], e, f, g [dje], h [hatc], i, j [jye], k [ka], l, m, n, o, p [pe], q [ku], r,s, t [te], u, v [v], w [we], x, y [ü], z [dzed]
2) Ego (“I”)
Birth : gnahsa [nyA:sa]To be born : gnah [nya:] (Present: gnahm, gnahs, gnaht, gnahm(o)s, gnahte, gnaht;Past: gnahsim, gnahst(a), gnahsit, gnahsam, gnahsat, gnahr; Pp: gnaht/gnahn)(to) change : change [tcAnd jë]Country: land [land]Foreign : gospoti [gospOti]To have : habe [hab]. This verb is irregular. See the grammar.Language : bahsa [bA:sa], lingua [lIngwa]Life : gwitTo live : gwivMother tongue : materbahsa [matërbA:sa](to) name : nam (past: niem)nation : nation [natyOn]old : veut [vöt]own (adjective) : wipassport : passport [paspOrt](to) plan : plan (past : plien)religion : religion [rëlidjyOn]single (unmarried) : baclar [baklAr]smoke : dum
to smoke : deum [deum]. (Infinitive: dumes [düms]; Past: dum; with endings: dumim,dumst(a), dumit, dumam, dumat, dumeer [dümEër]; Pp: dumt/dumen [dÜmen])to want : volto wish : vansch [vanc]. (Past: viensch)year : yar
Some sentences:Mien nam est [myen nam est] = my name isQuod est vies nam ? [kwod est vyes nam] = what is your name ?Kam yarat ste yu ? [kam yarAt ste yu ?] = how old are you ?Som = I am
Gwivo in [gwIvo in] = I live in...
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3) Urgence [urdjEnt së] = emergency
Accident : accident [akt sIdënt]
To accuse : accuse [akk üzë] Allergic : allergic [all Erdjik](to) attack : attaque [att Ak]bomb : bombeCold (adjective) : srig(law) court : tribunal [tribunAl](to) crash : crasch [krac] (Past: criesch)Danger : danger [dAnd jër]To defend : defend [dëfEnd] (Past: defens [dëfEns], Pp: defens/defenden)To destroy : destrug [dëstrUg] (Infinitive: destruge [dëstrÜdj]; Present: destrugo,destrucs, destruct, destrugmos, destructe, destruge(nt); Recommended past:
destruxim, destrucst(a), destruxit, destruxam, destruxat, destruxeer [dëstrüksEër];Pp: destruct/destrugen [dëstrÜdjën])To do: kwehr [kwe:r] (Past: kwohr)Embassy : ambassade [ambasAd]Enemy : peind [peynd]To fall : fall [fall ]; (Past: fiell)To feel : kheiss [qeys] (Infinitive: khisses [qIsës]; Past: khiss [qis]Fight : katu [kAtu]To fight : katue [katÜ]Fire (untamed): piurnTo fix, to repair : repare [rëpAr]Gun : gvond(to) help : hehlp [he:lp], (past: hohlp, Pp: hohlpt/hohlpen)hospital : hospital [hospitAl]to injure : veurn [vörn] (Infinitive: vurnes [vUrns], Past: vurn [vurn])(to) judge : judce [jUdt së]lawyer : advocat [advokAt]to mean : mayn (Past: mieyn [myeyn])medicine (healing substance): pharmac [farmAk](to) need : naudh [nAod] (past: nieudh [nyöd] )pain : gvol
pharmacy : pharmacia [farmAtsya], apotheque [apo§Ek]police : police [polItsë]problem : probleme [problEm]protect from : proteg [protEg] ud; (Infinitive: protege [protEdjë]; Present: protego,protecs, protect, protegmos, protecte, protege(nt) [protEdj(ënt )]; Recommended past:protexim, protecst(a), protexit, protexam, protexat, protexeer [protëxEër]; Pp:protect/protegen [protEdjën]).Right (a right to do) : rect(to) rule : reul [röl]; (Infinitive: rules [rüls], Past: rul [rul]; Pp: rult/rulen [rÜlën]).To steal : klehpt [kle:pt]. (Past: klohpt)Toilet : tualette [twalEt]
Weapon : arme [Armë]
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Me gvolt mien hand [më gvolt myen hand] = My hand hurtsMe gvole(nt) mien peds [më gvOl(ënt) myen pedz] = My feet hurt
4) Werds os general utilitat (General useful words).
To act: ag (Past: ieg; Pp: act/agen [Adjën]) Aim : ziel [dzyEl]To be : ses (This verb is irregular; look at the Grammar )To become: bih [bi:] (Past: bihsim [bI:sim], bihst(a), bihsit, bihsam, bihsat, bihr)To bind : behnd (Past: bohnd)To bring : brinegh [brInëg] (Infinitive : bringhes [brIngz], Present: bringho, bringhs,bringht, bringhmos, bringhte, bringhe(nt); Past: brigh)To carry : behr (Past: bohr)Case (situation) : fall(to) cause : cause [kAozë]
chance : chance [tcAnt së]condition : condition [kondityOn]To dare: deurs [dörs] (Infinitive: durses [dUrsës] ; Past : durs)To depend on : depend ud [dëpend] (Past: depens).To develop : (transitive) : antplehc [antplE :k] (Infinitive : antplehce [antplE :ts] ;Present : antplehco, antplehcs, antplehct, antplehcmos, antplehcte, antplehce(nt)[antplE :ts(ënt)] ; Past : antplohc ; Pp : antplohct, antplohcen [antplO :tsën])(intransitive) : antslehnk [antslE :nk] (Past : antslohnk)different : different [difErënt]dot : nuktaeffect : effect [efEkt]Element: element [Elëmënt](to) end : end (Past: ens); (definitive): substantive: fin; verb: fineih [finE:y] (Infinitive:finihes [finI:s] Past: finih)enough : sat, kafieven (adverb): hattaTo fill : pleh [ple :] (Past : plehsim [plE :sim], plehst(a), plehsit, plehsam, plehsat,plehr)To force : force [fortsë]To forget: myehrs (Past: myohrs)General : general [djënërAl]
To get (to receive) : dak (Past : diek)Great : grand, megil [mEdjil] (comparative: meger [mEdjër], superlative: megst]To happen: wakye [wAkyë]Heavy : gwaur To hold: dehrj [de:rj] (Past: dohrj)How : kamImportant : important [importAnt]To keep : gweup [gwöp] (Infinitive: gwupes [gwüps]; Past: gwup; Pp: gwupt/gwupen[gwüpen])To let : lass (Past: liess)Light : legv
Mainly : khaliban [qalibAn]Origin: origin [oridjIn]
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Possible : possible [posIblë]Private : privat [privAt]Probable : probable [probAblë]To pull: trag (Infinitive: trage [trAdjë], Past: trieg or traxim, traxist, traxit, traxam,traxat, traxeer; Pp: tract/tragen [trAdjën])
Public : public [pUblik]To push: pusc [pusk] (Infinitive: pusce [pus])To put : deh [de:] (Past: dehsim [dE:sim], dehst(a), dehsit, dehsam [de:sAm], dehsat,dehr).Quite : destull [dëstUll ]Rather : anter [Antër]Real : real [rëAl], druvTo remember : mehm (Past : mohm)Same : samSecret : secret [sëkrEt]To seem : kwehk (Past: kwohk)
To sever : separe [sëpAr]To set : posen [pOzën] (Infinitive: pones [pons], Present: pono, pons, pont, ponmos,ponte, pone(nt); Past: pos; Pp: post/posen)Similar : similar So much : temSpecial : special [spëtsyAl]Spot, place : stetSuch a: un talg, un solgSure, certain : sure [sür], yakin [yakIn]System : systeme [süstEm]Thing : jectThis way, thus: katha [kA§a]Too much : pior Usual : adic [Adik]Very : megTo wait for : skehpt + accusative. (Past: skohpt)What : quodWhere : quer [ker]Which ? : qualgWho ? : quis [kis], qua, quel [kel]Why : ma
Wonderful : daumost [daomOst]
5) Famila ed prients [famIlya ed pryents] : family and friends
Alive: gwivBrother: brater [brAtër]To care: kaur Child: (descendant): purt ; (young): magvDaughter : dugter [dUgtër]To die: mehr (Past: mohr); daunet (Infinitive: dauntes [dAonts]; Past: daut; Pp:
daut(en))Familiar: familiar [familyAr]
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Father : pater [pAtër]To give: dah (Past: dahsim, dahst(a), dahsit, dahsam, dahsat, dahr)Guest: gostHusband: mannTo invite: invite
To kiss: kussen [kUsën] (Infinitive: kunes [küns], Present: kuno, kuns, kunt, kunmos,kunte, kune(nt) [kün(ënt)], Past: kuss; Pp: kusst/kussen)To marry: gham (Past: ghiem [gyem])Match (partner): taraf [tarAf]Mother: mater [mAtër]Package: packPartner: partner [pArtnër] A present: hadia [hAdya], maton [matOn]To rely on: antreus [antrÖs] (Infinitive: antruses [antrÜsës]; Past: antrus; Pp:antrust/antrusen [antrÜzën]Sister: swes(ter) [swEstër]
Son: sonSurprise: surprise [surprIz]True: druv, ver Truth: druve [drüv], vertat [vërtAt]Wife : gvibh, esor [esOr]
6) Anghens ed ir kweitus [Angëns ed ir kwEytus] : People and their features.
Able (to): kabil [kAbil] kayBad: (failing): khak [qak]Beautiful: bellBoy: pwarnClever: clever Error: error [errOr]Fair: prabhFine: faynGirl: pieg [pyeg], bint, kweilGood: (suceeded): gohd [go:d]Group: gruppHabit: adet [Adët]
Healthy: saun [sAon]Honest: honeste [honEstë]Human: mensc [mensk] (plural: mensci [mEnsi])Man (male): wir To mean: mayn (Past: mieyn [myeyn])Nice (gentle): latif [lAtif]Old: veut [vöt]People (group of persons): leuds [lödz] (Plural noun)Person : anghenPoor: ormPopular: popular [populAr]
Quality: qualitat [kwalitAt]Rich: riche
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Simple: simple [sImplë]Small: smulkSociety: societat [sotsyetAt]Soft: mliakStrange: stragn
Strong: nertTall: buland [bulAnd]Terrible: terrible [terrIblë]Thin: teun [tön]Weak: slabWoman: gwen(a)Young: yun (comparative: yuner [yÜnër])
7) Tolke ed scribe : Talking and Writing
To accept: accepte [akt sEptë]To admit: admitt (Past: admiss)To advice: radh + dative of the person (Past: riedh)To agree: samstehm [samstE:m] (Past: samstohm [samstO:m])To allow: permitt (Past: permiss)To answer: antwehrd [antwE:rd] (Past: antwohrd)To ask (someone) : sprehg [spre:g]; (Infinitive : sprehge [spre:dj]; Present : sprehgo,sprehcs, sprehct, sprehgmos, yu sprehcte, sprehgent; Past basic form : sprohg). +acc. of the person asked.To attach: attacheTo believe: credeih [krëdEy:] (Infinitive: credihes [krëdI:s]; Past: credih [krëdi:])Best regards: con sellsto namos [kon sElsto nAmos]To call: kal (Past: kiel)Card: carteCause: cause [kAozë]Clear: clar To concern: concern [kontsErn]To consider: considere [considEr]To deal with: deil con (Infinitive: diles [dils]; Past: dil)To excuse: excuse [ekskÜzë]Fact: fact
Joke: scherz [cerdz]To laugh: gleih (Infinitive: glihes [gli:s]; Past: glih [gli:])Letter (something sent): brevLetter (written sign): buksteiv [bukstEyv]To lie: leugh (infinitive: lughes [lugz]; Past: lugh)List: liste, daftar [daftAr]To listen to: kleu [klö] + accusative (Infinitive: klues [klü:s]; Past: klu)Luck: nassib [nAsib]To mean: mayn (Past: mieyn [myeyn])To meet : ghat [gat] (Past: ghiet [gyet])Misunderstanding: mispreten [misprEtën]
News: khabar [qabAr]No: no
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Perhaps: maghses [mAgsës]Please: plais [pläs]Point: pointTo print: druckTo promise: promitt (Past: promiss)
To pronounce: pronunce [pronUnt së], swehr (Past: swohr)Question: question [këstyOn]Reason: raison [räzOn]To refer: se refer [rëfEr]To regard as: ay (Past: iey) + double accusativeReport: rapport [rapOrt]To say: sayg (Infinitive: sayge [saydjë]; Past: sieyg [syeyg])Sense: senseTo speak: bahTo spell: buksteiv (Past: bukstiv [bUkstiv])State (situation): stand
Story: storiaTo suggest: suggest [sugd jEst]To tell (a story): narre, lehg (Infinitive: lehge [le:djë]; Past: lohg)To thank: dank (Past: dienk)To think: mehn (Past: mohn)Topic: topic [tOpik]To translate: tarjem [tArjëm] (Infinitive: tarjmes [tArjmës]; Past: tarj)To treat: traite [trät]To understand: preteView: vidTo warn: warn (Past: wiern)Welcome: sellgumt [selgUmt]Word: werdTo write: scrib (Recommended past: scripsim [scrIpsim], scripst(a), scripsit, scripsam,scripsat, scripseer [scripsEër])Yes: ya
8) Numers ed quantitats (nÜmërs ed kwantitAts): numbers and quantities
Zero: zero [dzEro]
One: oinTwo : dwoThree : triFour : quar Five: penk(we)Six: sixSeven: spet(a)Eight: oct(o)Nine: nevTen : dec
“-teens” are made by suffixing “-dem” while “-ties” are with “-gim”
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hundred: cent [tsent]thousand: mil
first: preter (of 2) [prEtër]; prestsecond: dwoter (of 2) [dwOtër]; second [sëkOnd]
Other ordinals are formed by adding –t, or –im, if the former is incompatible.
The other: alter [Altër] Another: alyo [Alyo] (is often declined, see the grammar)Else: alsLast: senter [sEntër] (of 2); senst
The amount of occurences can be indicated with “ker(s)” = “time(s)”, or by suffixing –(en)s. “dwis” = “twice” is irregular.
To add: addeih (Infinitive: addihes [adI:s]; Past: addih [adI:]) All: quant Almost: quasi [kwAzi] Any: can be rendered with “cada” [kAda]Both: boEach: ielg; (of é): ieter [yEtër]Empty: tuichFew: paukFull: plenTo increase: aug (Infintive: auge [Aodjë]; Present: augo, aucs, auct, augmos, aucte,auge(nt); Past: ieug [yög])Little: pauMany, much: maungMathematics: mathematique [ma§matIk] (singular)More ... than: meis... quem [kem]Nothing: neid (is declined, see the grammar)Only: tikPair: pair [pär]Part: part, deilPer cent: percent [përtsEnt]; procent [protsEnt]Piece: schtuk
Several: plur Size: mege [mEdjë]Some: semTogether: com(samen)Whole: hol
9) Tarikhe, wakt, calendar (tarIq, wakt, kalëndAr): Date, time, calendar
Afternoon: posmiddien [posmidyEn]Day: dien
Evening: vesper [vEspër]Hour: (as a duration): hor; (as a time limit): saat
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Minute: minute [minÜt]Month: muntMorning: aghyern [Agyërn]Night: noctWeek: hevd
Year: yar Sunday: mingoMonday: mundie [mundI]Thursday: ardie [ardI]Wednesday: credie [krëdI]Tuesday: khamsi [qAmsi]Friday: juma [jUma]Saturday: sabd
January: januar [januAr]February: februar [fëbruAr]
March: mart April: aprile [aprIl]May: mai [mä]June: junJuly: jul August: august [aogUst]September: september October: october November: november December: december [dëtsEmbër]
Spring: wer Summer: lientFall: osyern [Osyërn]Winter: winter, ghim
Again: iter [Itër] Already: ja Always: semper [sEmpër]To begin: inkap [inkAp] (Past: inkiep [inkyEp])
Early: ausEver: aiw(o) [Äw(o)]Future: (adjective): futur [futUr]; (substantive): future [futÜr]To last: dure [dür]Late: (not early) sertMoment: moment [mOmënt]Never: naiw(o) [nÄw(o)]Now: nunOften: opsPast: prevPresent: present [prëzEnt]
Soon: moxThen: tun
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Today: hoydTomorrow: crasYesterday: ghes [ges]
Dates are given this way: January 1, 2006 = Dien 1 januar 2006 = Dien oin januar
dwomil six.
10)Pieut [pyöt] : Food
Apple: apel [Apël]To bake: bauk [bAok] (Past: bieuk [byök])Bitter: bitter Bread: dvanBottle: botel [botEl]Bowl: bol
Cake: torteCereal: arwrn [Arurn], cereal [tsërëAl]Cheese: caise [käz]Chop: cotlett [kotlEt]Coffee: cofie [kofI:]Cold: srig (Comparative: sriger [srIdjër])To cook: coc [kok] (infinitive: coce [kots])Cream: smantan [smantAn]Cup: tasseDish: pliatTo drink: poh (Recommended past: pohsim, pohst(a), pohsit, pohsam, pohsat, pohr)To eat: edd (Past: ess)Egg: oivFresh: freschFruit: fruit [frwIt]Glass glasHealthy: saun [sAon]Honey: mieltHot: chaldHungry: hungric [hUngrik]Juice: juce [jütsë]
Knife : knivMaize: maysMeal: chifan [tcifAn]Meat: miemsMilk: melgPlate: taler [tAlër]Pot: potPotato: kartoffel [kartOfël], patat [patAt]Rice: risSalad: salat [salAt]Salt: sald
Sausage: vurstSoup: soup
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Sugar: suker [sÜkër]Sweet: swadhTea: chay [tcay]Thirsty: teurstic [tÖrstik]Vegetable: opst
Water: wed; (as a mineral element): aqua [Akwa]Yogurt: yogurt [yogUrt]
11)Vesters [vEstërs] : Clothes
Belt : yeusmen [yÖsmën]Big: mier [myer]To cut : seg (Infinitive: sege [sEdjë]Dress (for ladies): rogvTo dress: du (Infinitive: due [dü])
Hat : hatJacket: jaquet [jAkët]Large: largeLong: longMedium : medio [mEdyo]Pocket : gep [djep]Shirt: camiss [kamIs] (plural: camissa [kamIsa])Shoe : schou [cu :]Short : cortSize : mege [mEdjë]Small: smulkTrousers : brugs (plural) ; pantalon [pantalOn] (singular)To wear : vehs (Past : vohs )
12)Gwive in dom : Living in the house
Address : adresse [adrEs] Apartment : apartmentBed : crovat [krovAt], lictBox : scatule [skAtül]
To build : (con)strug (Infinitive: struge [strÜdjë]; recommended past: struxim,strucst(a), struxit, struxam, struxat, struxeer [strüksEër]; PP: struct/strugen [strÜdjën])Chair : stol, stulClean : kiestClock: horloge [horlOdj]Cupboard : dulap [dulAp]Dirty : murdar [murdAr]Door : dwer Floor (level): etage [etAdj]Home : hemKey : cleich (plu: cleicha)
Lift : liftTo live : gwiv (PP: gwiwt/gwiven)
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Mirror : specule [spEkül](electric) power : srovto rent : stajer [stAjër] (Past: stiejer)Room : kyalTo sit : sedd (Past: sess; PP: sess/sedden)
To Sleep: swehp (Past: swohp)Stairs : drab (singular)Table : table [tAblë]Trash : zibel [dzIbël]To wake up : (oi)sbeud [(oy)sböd] (Infinitive: (oi)sbudes [(oy)sbüdz]; Past: (oi)sbud );(only intr:) : gehr [dje:r]; past : gohr [go:r]Wall : mur To wash: lav (PP: lawt/laven)Window : fenster
13)Colors [kolOrs]
Black: swordBlue : blou [blu:]Brown : brunGreen : glendGrey/gray : greisRed : rudhWhite : albhYellow : gehlb [dje:lb]
14) In scol ed universitat : At school and university
To add : addeih [adEy:] (Infinitive: addihes [adI:s]; Past: addih)Board (on the wall): tabule [tAbül]To break: brehg (Infinitive: brehge [bre:djë]; Present: brehgo, brehcs, brehct,brehgmos, brehcte, brehge(nt); Past: brohg).Circle : circule [tsIrkül]Class : classeComplete : complet(e) [komplEt]
To count : conte, lehg (Past: lohg)To Correspond : correspond (Past: correspons)Course : cursDictionary : dictionar [diktyonAr]Difference : difference [difërEnt së]Difficult : difficil [difItsil]To divide : divid [divId] (Past: divis; PP: divis/dividen)Easy : facil [fAtsil]Education : education [edukatyOn]Error : error [errOr]Exact : exact
Example : exempelExercise : exercice [eksërtsIts]
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False : falsForm : formeHard : kaurd [kAord]History : historia [histOrya]Idea : idee [idEë]
Language : bahsa [bA:sa], lingua [lIngwa]To learn : euc [ök] (Infinitive: uces [Ütsës]; Past: ucim [Utsim], ucst(a), ucit [Utsit],ucam, ucat, uceer [ütsEër]; PP: uct/ucen [Ütsën])Line : ligne [lInyë]Mathematics : mathematique [ma§ëmatIk]Minus : minusPaper : papier [papyEr]Pen : kalem [kAlëm]Plus : plusPractice : praxisProblem : probleme [problEm]
To read : leis (Infinitive : lises [lIzës]To Recognize: recogneih [rëkonyEy:] (Infinitive: recognihes [rëkonyI:s] )Result : resultat [rëzultAt]Round : rundScience : science [syent së]Scissors : nojitSquare : quadrat [kwadrAt]Student : studyent [stUdyënt]To study : studye [stUdyë]To solve : solvTable : table [tAblë]Task : taskTo teach : doc (Infinitive : doce [dots])Test : testTo write : scrib (recommended past: scripsim, scripst(a), scripsit, scripsam, scripsat,scripseer; PP: script/scriben)Wrong : ghaw
15) In orbat [in orbAt] : At work
To apply (for) : candidat [kandidAt] (Past: candidiet) proTo attach : attache [atAtc]To check: chehx (Past: chohx)Company : compagnie [kompanyI:]Copy : copie [kopI:]To decide : decid [dëtsId] (Past : decis)Experience : experience [expëryEnt s]Farm : farmJob : jobLead : duc (Infinitive: duce [düts]; Past: duxim, ducst(a), duxit, duxam, duxat, duxeer [düksEër])
Letter (sent): brevList : liste, daftar
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Machine : machine [matcI:n]Position : position [pozityOn]Practical : practicProgram : programmeReport : rapport [rapOrt]
Responsible : massoul [masU:l]To retire : rentire [rëntIr]To Save (a copy): salvguarde [salvgwArd]To send : yeis (Infinitive: yises [yIzës]; Past: yis)Skill : ilmTeam: swoinTool : alat [alAt]To use : neud [nöd] (Infinitive: nudes [nüdz]); use [üz]
16)Hobbys, farakhat [hObis, faraqAt] : Hobbies, free time
Ball : ballBeach : plajBook : bukCamp : waunCard : carteTo celebrate : celebre [tsëlEbrë]Concert : concert [kont sErt]To dance : dans (Past: diens)Fun : glewos, gleus [glös]Game : leikGoal (football): golHolidays : feriasInstrument : instrument [instrÜmënt]Interest : interesse [intërEs]To jump : skand (Past: skiend or skans)Key : cleichTo like : kam (Past : kiem)Music : music [mUzik]To paint : pineg [pInëg] (Infintive: pinges [pInd jës]; Present: pingo, pincs, pinct,pingmos, yu pincte, pinge(nt); Past: pig; PP: pict/pigen)
Picture : kwiter [kwItër]To play : leik (Infinitive : likes [liks]; Past : lik)To please : plais [pläs] (Infinitive : plaise [pläz]) A show : skau, tamsil [tAmsil]To sing : sehngv (Past: sohngv)Song : songvSound : swonSport : sportTo swim : snah (Past: snahsim, snahst(a), snahsit, snahsam, snahsat, snahr)Theater : theatre [§ëAtr ë]Toy : leuyk
To visit : visite [vizIt]
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17)Khisses [qIsës] / Feeling
Alone : saul [sAol] Angry : irat [irAt]To concern : concern [kontsErn]To dream : drehm (Past: drohm)To feel : kheiss [qeis] (Infinitive : khisses [qIsës]; Past : khiss [qis])Fear : paur [pAor]To fear : bay (Past: biey [byey])Happy : noroct [norOkt]To hate : haissen [hÄsën] (Infinitive : haines [hÄns]; Past : haiss)To hope : speh [spe:] (Past : spehsim, spehst(a), spehsit, spehsam, spehsat, spehr)To like : kam (Past: kiem)
To love : lieubh [lyöb] (Infinitive : liubhes [liubz]; Past : liubh)Sad : yuiSatisfied : satisfact/satisfacen [satisfAtsën]To smile : smeih (Infinitive : smihes [smI:s]; Past : smih )State (a situation) : standTired : strakTo worry : sweurgh [swörg] (Infinitive : swurghes [swurgz]; Past: swurgh)
18) Ep id strad : On the road
Arrive : arrive [arrIv]Back(side) : caud [kAod]Bag : sackBike : cip(ed) [tsIp(ëd)]Block : blockBoat : boot [boot]Bottom : budmen [bUdmën]Bus : bus [bus]Car : wogh, carr To come : gwehm (Past: gwohm)
Corner : wangwl [wAngul]To cross : tehr (Past : tohr)To drive : wehgh (Past : wohgh)East : eust [öst]Far from : dalg udFast : oku (can work as an adverb too), kshiuu [kxyUu], rapidTo find : trehv (Past : trohv)To follow : sehkw (Past: sohkw)Front : frontGas (vehicle-fuel) : naftTo go : gwah + accusative of the destination (recommended past : gwahsim,
gwahst(a), gwahsit, gwahsam, gwahsat, gwahr ) ; eih (Infinitive : ihes [i:s]; Past : ih ).Guide : guide [gwid]
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Here : her High : hogTo leave : linekw (Infinitive : linkwes [lInkwës], Present: linkwo, linkws, linkwt,linkwmos, linkwte, linkwnt [lInkunt]; Past: likw )Left : lev(ter)
Low : ghemMap : mapTo move : mov (PP: mot/moven)Next : niebstNorth : nordPlace : place [plats]Plane : plavTo reach : nak (Past : niek)To ride : reid (Infinitive : rides [ridz]; Past : rid )Right : dex(ter)To run : curr (Past : curs; PP: curs/curren); drah
Side : gonSlow : lentSouth : sudSquare : quadrat [kwadrAt]Station : station [statyOn]Step : stieup [styöp]Straight ahead : seid perodh [seyd përOd]There : ter Top : topTraffic : kwehlenTrain : train [trän]Trip : safer [sAfër], dyuvTo turn : touren [tU:rën] (Infinitive : tournes [tU:rns]; Past : tour)Way : weghWest : west
19) Id ambient [ambyEnt] / the environment
Air : air Buisson : busk (plu: buska)
Clear : clar Cold : srigDark: deuskDry : siuk, xer Earth : ardhField : poldFlower : flor Forest : forest [forEst]Garden : gardenGold : goldGras : gras
To grow: crehsc [kre:sk] (Infinitive: crehsce [kre:s]; Past : crohsc [kro:sk])Hot : chald
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Ice : glehdjLake : lak (lac)Light (sun) : luce [lüts]Moon : meunMountain : ghyor(a)
Natural : naturalPark : parkRain : seuy [söy]River : sreumen [srömën]Sea : mar Silver : argwrnt [Argurnt]Snow : sneigvStar : star Stone : (small / substance): petraSun : solTree : dru
Warm : warmWeather : weter Wet : smeuWind : windWood : (substance): dreuWorld : mund
20) Memsa : Body-parts
Arm : brakh [braq]Back : regvBlood : sehrgBody : corp(o)s (plural : corpsa)Breast : xiongbu [ksyOngbu]Breathe : annem [Anëm] (Infinitive: annmes [Anmës]; Present: annmo, annems,annemt, annmmos, yu annemt, annment; Past: ann; PP: annt/annen)Ear : aur Eye : ok (possible plural : okwi)Face : lige [lidj] (plural: liges [lIdjës])Finger : fingher
Foot : pedGlasses : bril (singular)Hair : kaysHand : handHead : capHeart : kerdTo hear : aur (Past : ieur [yÖr])Knee : genu [djEnu]To know : gnoh [nyo:] (Present: gnohm, gnohs, gnoht, gnohm(o)s, gnohte, gnohnt;Past : gnohsim, gnohst(a), gnohsit, gnohsam, gnohsat, gnohr); woid (irregular, seethe grammar)
Knowledge : gnohsa [nyo:sa]Leg : jamb
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To listen to : kleu [klö] (Infinitive: klues [klü:s]; Past : klu)Look (of eyes): spectMind : mentMouth : stohm [sto:m]Neck : coll
Nose : nasTo reach : nak (Past : niek)To say : sayg (Infinitive: sayge [sAydj]; Present: saygo, saycs, sayct, saygmos, yusaycte, sayge(nt); Past: sieyg)To see : vid (Past: vis; PP: vis/viden)To shake : scutt (Past: scuss; PP: scuss/scutten)Smell : odor [odOr]To speak : bah (Past: bahsim, bahst(a), bahsit, bahsam, bahsat, bahr)To stand : stahStomach : stomak [stomAk]To take (physically): ghend (Past: ghens, PP: ghens/ghenden)
Taste : gustThroat : gurgule [gUrgül]Tongue : dingvTooth : dentTo touch: touche [tu:tcë]To watch : spehc (Infinitive: spehce [spe:ts]; Past : spohc; PP: spohct/spohcen[spo:tsën])
My arm is hurting : mien brakh gvolt My arms are hurting : mien brakhs gvole(nt)
21)Verslyn [vërslÜn], ambhkaup : business, shopping
Bargain : manafiBill : facture [faktÜr], quitance [kitAnt së]To borrow : laun (Past: lieun)To buy : kaup (Past: kieup)To close : clud (Infinitive: clude [klüd]; Past : clus)Company : compagnie [kompanyI:]Cost : cost
Expensive : dorgvTo gain : gaissen [gÄsën] (Infinitive: gaines [gänes]; Present: gaino, gains, gaint,gainmos, gainte, gaine(nt); Past: gaiss)To interest : interesseTo lose : leusMarket : mercat [mërkAt]Money : denars [dënArs] (plural)To offer : behd (Past : bohd)To open : ghyan (Past: ghyien [gyen])To pay : paygh (Past : pieygh [pyeyg])Post office : postamt
Price : prisTo sell : pehrn (Past: pohrn)
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Shop : magasin [magazIn]To sign : signe [sinyë]Signature : signature [sinyatÜr]Valuable : kamatih [kamatI:]
22)Gouvernement [guvErnëmënt] : government
Control : controlTo elect : eleg [elEg] (Infinitive: elege [elEdj]; PP: elect/elegen)Freedom : lure [lür]To govern : gouverne [guvErn]Law : loyMilitary (adjective) : militar Politics : politique [politIk]Power : magh
Rule : reulState : statViolence : violence [vyolEnt së]
23)Animals
Bird : avCat : catChicken : kierkDog : kwaunHorse: ekw (plural : ekwi)Hunt : saydInsect : insectFish : pisk
For the rest, we recommend people to build their own lists of vocabulary pertaining totheir favorite topics with the help of the resources available onhttp://sambahsa.pbworks.com/ Ideas of lists of basic vocabulary can be obtained at: http://ogden.basic-
english.org/intlword.html
C. Dr.Olivier Simon