1. By mid-2013 more Africans willhave a mobile phonesubscription than access to animproved water source(Foster et al., 2012a)

2. In Zambia, Tanzania and KenyaAfter installing digital monitoringsystems coverage rates in urban areaswere significantly revised. Before: coverage rates were being reported ataround 90% (across these three countries). After: rates were reported at solely 47%(GIZ 2009) 3. Cape-Town basedFocus: ICT & WASH services1. Advice2. Training3. Software very interested not just in the technology, buthow and why it gets used 4. 2 day workshop@ 40 peopleco-hosted by SeeSaw and theUniversity of Cape Town explored ICT-related trends and challenges inboth the WASH & health sectors. 5. 11/2 day training course@ 20 peopleICT-related trends andchallengesDiscussed potential use ofICT in delegated regulation 6. linear and closed flow of information 7. new ICT tools allow radical changes 8. Simplified servicetriangleProvidersGovernmentalauthoritiesHouseholdsNGOsDonorsFinanciersStakeholders directly involved in service provision Indirect stakeholders(Sattler & Schaub-Jones, 2012) 9. SimplifiedservicetriangleProvidersGovernmentalauthoritiesHouseholdsStakeholdersdirectlyinvolvedinserviceprovisionIndirec 10. SimplifiedservicetriangleProvidersGovernmentalauthoritiesHouseholdsStakeholdersdirectlyinvolvedinserviceprovisionIndirecRegulatorsCustomers Providers 11. . what information to collect? from whom and how often ?.... rather than no data availableA new issue? too much information, lack of relevant information 12. Too often the tools & the ability to collectdata in a different way is the focusNot sufficient attention to:1. what the data gets used for2. how the provision of data can actually changethe dynamics of the situation3. how reliable the data is4. who will continue to provide it oncenovelty value has worn off. 13. 1998 Google founded2004 Facebook launched2007 M-Pesa created2008 More people accessinternet on cellphones than PCs2008 First android phone ships2010 iPad launched 14. Before askingWhat system?come a range of other questions thatpeople making decisions about using ICTneed to ask 15. Whatsystem isappropriatHierarchy ofquestions to ask indeveloping a newICT system(SeeSaw, 2013)What system isappropriate to localconditions?Will ICT change underlyingbehaviours? Is it expected to?Why will users provide reliableinformation to the system? Arethere incentives?What is the full cost ofthe system (time,effort, $$$) and wheredo these resourcescome from?When is theinfo needed?How often is itsent?What systemis appropriateto localconditions? 16. Key lessons 17. Can pay for itself quite quickly efficiency gains costs savedYet design system to local context just transplanting a system from onecontext to a new environment is generallytroublesome. 18. 1) Understanding the system2) Asking direct stakeholders what- information they currently get &- what information they need 19. Only then see whether ICT systemscan generate- additional- better or- faster information(and get it to where it is needed)+ suit existing working patterns 20. Must integrate with existing governmentsystems.There is a great risk of fragmentation(Too many organisations piloting new ICT systems put inplace technologies or processes that cannot easily beabsorbed into existing government systems - or worsestill, undermine these). 21. More data (on its own)=Better Results 22. Technology itself is rarely the issueWidely available or easily developedCrucial to make technology demand-oriented and fit-for-purpose.Make data entry as simple as possibleDo not overburden participantsin any system 23. Above all pay close attention tothe incentives of key stakeholders those that need to adopt the system, those whose inaction can block it & those who will resist change altogether.