ict officers one week induction / capacity building training workshop. egor, benin city 16 th to 20...

ICT OFFICERS ONE ICT OFFICERS ONE WEEK INDUCTION / WEEK INDUCTION / CAPACITY BUILDING CAPACITY BUILDING TRAINING TRAINING WORKSHOP.WORKSHOP.

EGOR, Benin CityEGOR, Benin City

16TH TO 20TH December 2013Wednesday, April 19, 2023

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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER NETWORKING

A PAPER PRESENTATION

BY

ODOH ABRAHAM17TH DECEMBER 2013

Wednesday, April 19, 2023

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TABLE OF CONTENT- What is a computer Network?What is a computer Network?- Types of Networks - Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)- LANs (Local Area Networks) - Network Interface Cards- Configuration of Internet Network

- WANs (Wide Area Networks) - Types of Servers- Internet - Device server - Intranet - Print servers - MANs (Metropolitan area Networks) - Setting Up printer Server - VPN (Virtual Private Network)

- Categories of Network- TCP/IP Networks

- Network Cables & Cabling- Thick Coaxial Cable- Thin Coaxial Cable- Fiber Optic Cable- Twisted Pair Cables- Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)

Wednesday, April 19, 2023 3

What is a computer Network?What is a computer Network?A computer network is a collection of two or more connected computers. When these computers are joined in a network, people can share files and peripherals such as modems, printers, tape backup drives, or CD-ROM drives. When networks at multiple locations are connected using services available from phone companies, people can send e-mail, share links to the global Internet, or conduct video conferences in real time with other remote users. As companies rely on applications like electronic mail and database management for core business operations, computer networking becomes increasingly more important.

Computer Network includes• At least two computers Server or Client workstation.• Networking Interface Card's (NIC)• A connection medium, usually a wire or cable,

although wireless communication between networked computers and peripherals is also possible.

• Network Operating system software, such as Microsoft Windows NT or 2000, Novell NetWare, Unix and Linux.


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Types of Networks• Computer Networking involves:

- Local Area Networks (LANs)- Wide Area Networks (WANs)- Internet- Intranet- Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs)- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)

• LANs (Local Area Networks)• A network is any collection of independent computers that communicate

with one another over a shared network medium. LANs are networks usually confined to a geographic area, such as a single building or a college campus. LANs can be small, linking as few as three computers, but often link hundreds of computers used by thousands of people. The development of standard networking protocols and media has resulted in worldwide proliferation of LANs throughout business and educational organizations.


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WANs (Wide Area Networks)• Wide Area Networking (WANs)combines multiple

LANs that are geographically separate. This is accomplished by connecting the different LANs using services such as dedicated leased phone lines, dial-up phone lines, satellite links, and data packet carrier services. Wide area networking can be as simple as a modem and remote access server for employees to dial into, or it can be as complex as hundreds of branch offices globally linked using special routing protocols.


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Internet• The Internet is a system of linked networks that are

worldwide in scope and facilitate data communication services such as remote login, file transfer, electronic mail, the World Wide Web and newsgroups.With the rise in demand for connectivity, the Internet has become a communications highway for millions of users. The Internet was initially restricted to military and academic institutions, but now it is a full-fledged conduit for any and all forms of information and commerce. Internet websites now provide personal, educational, political and economic resources to every corner of the planet.


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Intranet• With the advancements made in browser-based

software for the Internet, many private organizations are implementing intranets. An intranet is a private network utilizing Internet-type tools, but available only within that organization. For large organizations, an intranet provides an easy access mode to corporate information for employees.


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MANs (Metropolitan Area Networks)• This refers to a network of computers within a

City.


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VPN (Virtual Private Network)• VPN uses a technique known as tunneling to

transfer data securely on the Internet to a remote access server on your workplace network. Using a VPN helps you save money by using the public Internet instead of making long–distance phone calls to connect securely with your private network. There are two ways to create a VPN connection, by dialing an Internet service provider (ISP), or connecting directly to Internet.


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Categories of NetworkNetwork can be divided in to two main categories:• Peer-to-peer.• Server – Client based.In peer-to-peer networking there are no dedicated servers or

hierarchy among the computers. All of the computers are equal and therefore known as peers. Normally each computer serves as Client/Server and there is no one assigned to be an administrator responsible for the entire network.

Peer-to-peer networks are good choices for needs of small organizations where the users are allocated in the same general area, security is not an issue and the organization and the network will have limited growth within the foreseeable future.

Server/Client refers to the concept of sharing the work involved in processing data between the client computer and the most powerful server computer. In this category, the server acts as the administrator.


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TCP/IP Networks• TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol and

IP stands for Internet Protocol. The term TCP/IP is not limited just to these two protocols, however. Frequently, the term TCP/IP is used to refer to a group of protocols related to the TCP and IP protocols such as the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Terminal Emulation Protocol (TELNET), and so on.

TCP/IP-based networks play an increasingly important role in computer networks. Perhaps one reason for their appeal is that they are based on an open specification that is not controlled by any vendor.


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Network Cables & CablingIn network there are three types of cables, these are the coaxial cable, fiber optic and twisted pair.

• Thick Coaxial CableThis type cable is usually yellow in color and used in what is called thicknets, and has two conductors. This coax can be used in 500-meter lengths. The cable itself is made up of a solid center wire with a braided metal shield and plastic sheathing protecting the rest of the wire.

• Thin Coaxial CableAs with the thick coaxial cable is used in thicknets the thin version is used in thinnets. This type cable is also called or referred to as RG-58. The cable is really just a cheaper version of the thick cable.

• Fiber Optic CableAs we all know fiber optics are pretty darn cool and not cheap. This cable is smaller and can carry a vast amount of information fast and over long distances.


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Network Cables & Cabling Cont.• Twisted Pair Cables• These come in two flavors of unshielded and shielded.• Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)

Is more common in high-speed networks. The biggest difference you will see in the UTP and STP is that the STP use's metallic shield wrapping to protect the wire from interference.

-Something else to note about these cables is that they are defined in numbers also. The bigger the number the better the protection from interference. Most networks should go with no less than a CAT 3 and CAT 5.


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Network Cables & Cabling Cont.• Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)• This is the most popular form of cables in the

network and the cheapest form that you can go with. The UTP has four pairs of wires and all inside plastic sheathing. The biggest reason that we call it Twisted Pair is to protect the wires from interference from themselves. Each wire is only protected with a thin plastic sheath.


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Network Cables & Cabling Cont.


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Network Cables & Cabling Cont.• Now you know about cables we need to know

about connectors. This is pretty important and you will most likely need the Registered Jack 45 (RJ-45) connector. This is the cousin of the phone jack connector and looks real similar with the exception that the RJ-45 is bigger. Most common connectors are in two flavors and this is BNC (Bayonet Naur Connector) used in thicknets and the RJ-45 used in smaller networks using UTP/STP.


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STRAIGHT & CROSS CABLING

STRAIGHT CABLING

Network Interface Cards• Network interface cards, commonly referred to as

NICs, and are used to connect a PC to a network. The NIC provides a physical connection between the networking cable and the computer's motherboard. Many NIC adapters comply with Plug-n-Play specifications. On these systems, NICs are automatically configured without user intervention, while on non-Plug-n-Play systems, configuration is done manually through a setup program.Cards are available to support almost all networking standards, including the latest Fast Ethernet environment. Fast Ethernet NICs are often 10/100 capable, and will automatically set to the appropriate speed.


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• Network and Sharing Center allows you the options to Setup a new connection or network, Connect to a network and share the resources.

With a home or small office network, you can share an Internet connection or a printer, view and work with shared files, and play multiple-player computer games.


How to setup a Network Connection using How to setup a Network Connection using Network and Sharing Center in Windows 7Network and Sharing Center in Windows 7

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Configuration of Internet Connection network


1. Click the Start button to view the Start Menu and then choose the Control Panel option.

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http://img.techtalkz.com/Firewall_win7_1_thumb.jpg

2. The Control Panel window opens up. Click All Control Panel Items.


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Window shows All Control Panel Items.

http://img.techtalkz.com/Default_Program_Win7_0.jpg


Click Network and Sharing Center, window opens up with the basic network information and showing your active networks.

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3. Setup a new connection or network: 3. Setup a new connection or network: allows you to setup a wireless, broadband, allows you to setup a wireless, broadband, dial-up, ad hoc, or VPN connection; or set dial-up, ad hoc, or VPN connection; or set up a router or access point.up a router or access point.


4. Choose the connection option eg. Connect to the Internet and click Next.

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5. Choose the option How you want 5. Choose the option How you want to connect? eg. Broadband(PPPoE) to connect? eg. Broadband(PPPoE) or Dial up.or Dial up.


You will be prompted to enter User name and Password You will be prompted to enter User name and Password provided by your Internet Service Provider (ISP). Provide the provided by your Internet Service Provider (ISP). Provide the info as indicated. To view your password, check Show info as indicated. To view your password, check Show characters checkbox. characters checkbox. Select Remember this password checkbox if you want this Select Remember this password checkbox if you want this computer to remember your password.computer to remember your password.Type connection name. To share this connection with others Type connection name. To share this connection with others who use this computer you can click Allow other people to who use this computer you can click Allow other people to use this connection. click Connect.use this connection. click Connect.

5. Choose the option How you want to connect? eg. Broadband(PPPoE) 5. Choose the option How you want to connect? eg. Broadband(PPPoE) or Dial up cont.or Dial up cont.


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If connection is unsuccessful, click on “try again” as shown below

Establishing connection


If connected successfully, the window looks If connected successfully, the window looks as below screen shot.as below screen shot.

6. Connect to a Network: allow you to connect to an 6. Connect to a Network: allow you to connect to an existing network. Click Connect to a Network. The existing network. Click Connect to a Network. The available networks are shown as below.available networks are shown as below.

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Choose the connection eg. Broadband Connection Choose the connection eg. Broadband Connection and click Connect.and click Connect.Provide the User name and password and click Connect.

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Establishing connection

Connecting PC to Internet via LAN (Using Windows 7)


a) Select “ ” (start) - “Control Panel” - “Network and Internet” to enter the “Network and Sharing Center”. Then, click “Manage network connections” (If you’re in “Category View”).

b) Right-click on “Local Area Connection”, and select “Properties”.


c) In the “General” tab, select “Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)”, and select“Properties”.

d) In the “General” tab, select “Use the following IP address”, and set the IPaddress as described above.


e) Click “OK” to close the “Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties” dialog box. Then, click “Close” to close the “Local Area Connection Properties” dialog box.

Types of Servers• Device Servers• A device server is defined as a specialized, network-based

hardware device designed to perform a single or specialized set of server functions. It is characterized by a minimal operating architecture that requires no per seat network operating system license, and client access that is independent of any operating system. In addition the device server is a "closed box," delivering extreme ease of installation, minimal maintenance, and can be managed by the client remotely via a Web browser.

Print servers, terminal servers, remote access servers and network time servers are examples of device servers which are specialized for particular functions. Each of these types of servers has unique configuration attributes in hardware or software that help them to perform best in their particular arena.


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Types of Servers Cont.• Print Servers• Print servers allow printers to be shared by other users

on the network. Supporting either parallel and/or serial interfaces as well as USB port/s, a print server accepts print jobs from any person on the network using supported protocols and manages those jobs on each appropriate printer.Print servers generally do not contain a large amount of memory; printers simply store information in a queue. When the desired printer becomes available, they allow the host to transmit the data to the appropriate printer port on the server. The print server can then simply queue and print each job in the order in which print requests are received, regardless of protocol used or the size of the job.


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Setting Up printer Server


Click on “Add Printer”

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Click on “Add Printer” for a printer server

or “Network Printer” to print from another computer

Setting Up printer Server Cont.


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Select the printer type eg. HP or if you have the setup disk, click on ‘Have disk’

Type the printer name at the space provided



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Click on “share the printer”. This is to allow other computer/s to connect to the printer server



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Once the printer is installed successfully, click on “finish”

• For detail information on Computer Networking, search websites using Yahoo or Google search engines.

• Or contact me on: 0813-657- 0932 or [email protected]/

• [email protected]


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mailto:[email protected]/[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]/[email protected]

Thanks&

God bless you


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