ict and society - kgmwalazhar.sch.lkkgmwalazhar.sch.lk/docs/notes/unit7_ict and society.pdf ·...

M.T.M Aslam Sajah (BSc, PG. Dip in Edu.)

Comupter Learning Center - Al-Azhar Navodya School, Hemmathagama

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ICT and Society

� 7.1 ICT for National Development � 7.2 Issues in the use of ICT

Njrpa mgptNjrpa mgptNjrpa mgptNjrpa mgptppppUj;jpf;fhfUj;jpf;fhfUj;jpf;fhfUj;jpf;fhf jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gjfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gjfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gjfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gk;k;k;k;

jw;nghOJ ICT ehl;bd; mgptpUj;jpf;F ,d;wpaikahj xd;whff; fhzg;gLtij mtjhdpf;fyhk;.

ICT iag; gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; ehl;L kf;fSf;F toq;fg;gLfpd;w Nritapd;juj;ij

mjpfupf;f Kbfpd;wJ. ICT ahdJ r%f nghUshjhu khw;wq;fis tpiuthfTk;> gaDlDk;> jpwikAlDk;> tpidj;jpwDlDk; Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;Ytjw;F kpfr;rpwe;j fUtpahFk;. jpl;lkply;> mstply;> gFg;gha;T nra;jy;> Muha;r;rp nra;jy;> xg;gply;> xOq;FgLj;jy;> njhlHghly; Nghd;w ehl;bd; mgptpUj;jpw;F mj;jpatrpkhd

nra;wghLfis kpfj;jpUj;jkhfr; nra;tjw;F ICT gad;gLfpwJ. jdpkdpj Kaw;rpfs; my;yJ $l;LKaw;rpfs; vJthapDk; mtw;wpd; ntw;wpf;F ICT mj;jpatrpakhFk;;.

cyfkakhjy;cyfkakhjy;cyfkakhjy;cyfkakhjy; ---- Globalization: cyfkakhjy; vd;gJ KO cyfKk; xU fpuhkk; Nghy; RUq;Ftijf; Fwpf;fpwJ. mjhtJ cyfkakhjypdhy; etPd njhopEl;gf; fUtpfspDhlhf jfty;fis my;yJ nra;jpfis cyfpd; vg;gFjpy; ,Ue;Jk; FWfpa Neuj;jpy; mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; gupkhw;wpf;nfhs;tjw;Fk; KbfpwJ.

,jid “jftypDhlhf KOcyfKk; ,izf;fg;gLfpwJ” vdyhk;.

e - Sri Lanka epfo;r;rp epfo;r;rp epfo;r;rp epfo;r;rp ---- e - Sri Lanka Program :::: e - Sri Lanka epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lkhdJ ehl;L kf;fsJ tWikia ePf;fp tho;f;ifj;juj;ij Nkk;gLj;jp ehl;il mgptpUj;jp

nra;tjw;fhf ICT iag; gad;gLj;JkhW kf;fis miof;fpwJ.

,yq;if murhq;fkhdJ ICT ia gpd;tUk; Jiwfspy; gad;gLj;JfpwJ

� ,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhuj;ij mgptpUj;jp nra;jy.; � tWikiaf; Fiwj;J kf;fspd; tho;f;ifj; juj;ij Nkk;gLj;jy;. � jfty; fl;likg;G KiwikAk; tha;g;ghd rpwe;j #oiy mikj;jy;. � jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;g kdpj tsj;ij mgptUj;jp nra;jy;. � mur KiwikiaAk; gpuirfSf;fhd NritfisAk; etPd kag;gLj;jy;

� r%f Nkk;gLj;jy;/ mgptpUj;jpfs;. � ehl;L kf;fSf;F tha;g;Gf;fisAk; mwpitAk; toq;Ftij epr;rag;gLj;jy;.

� ,j;jpl;lj;jpid muR rhHghf ICTA (Information and Communication Agence of Sri

Lanka - www.icta.lk) vDk; epWtdk; eilKiwg;gLj;jp tUfpwJ. � fle;j 50 tUl fhyj;ij Nehf;Fk; NghJ ICT apd; gpd;tUk; Gjpa

fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fspdhy; kf;fs; gadilfpd;wdH. o Personal computers o Mobile phones o The Internet o Medical Scanners o Satellites

o CD/ DVD o Television o Automobile electronics o ATM facilities o Credit cards

7.1 ICT fro National Development



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e - Governance & e - Government ,yj;jpudpay; Ml;rpAk; ,yj;jpudpay; ,yj;jpudpay; Ml;rpAk; ,yj;jpudpay; ,yj;jpudpay; Ml;rpAk; ,yj;jpudpay; ,yj;jpudpay; Ml;rpAk; ,yj;jpudpay; murhq;murhq;murhq;murhq;fKk;fKk;fKk;fKk; e - Governance & e - Government %yk; xU ehl;by; murhq;fj;ijAk; Ml;rpiaAk; rpwe;jKiwapy; topg;gLj;j KbAkhjyhy;> jw;nghOJ ,jd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; czug;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jd; %yk; Coy;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jp rpwe;j xU Ml;rpia Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F toptFf;fpwJ. ,yj;jpudpay; Ml;rpia je;jpNuhghakhf mKy;elj;Jk; NghJ tpizj;jpwd; khj;jpukd;wp cj;juthjKk; murhl;rpapy; njspTk; fpilf;fg;ngWfpwJ. NkYk; jPHkhdnkLj;jy;> murhq;fj;jpd; nrad;KiwfSf;F ehl;Lg;gpuirfis gq;Fnfhs;sr;nra;tjw;fhd rf;jpia toq;Fk; xU rpwe;j fUtpahfTk; e - Governance gad;gLfpwJ. e - Government MdJ ICT I Fwpg;ghf tiyg;gpd;dy; kw;Wk; ,izak; %yk; murhq;f Nritfia kpfTk; trjpahd Kiwapy; kf;fs; ngwf;$bajhfTk; Fiwe;j nrytpy; rpwe;j Nritfis toq;ff;$bajhfTk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. cjhzkhf gpd;tUk; murhq;f Nritfisf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. � ,izaj;jsk; %yk; murhq;fg;guPl;ir ngWNgWfis mwpe;Jnfhs;s Kbjy;.

(www.donets.lk) � tprh tpz;zg;gjhuHfs; ,izaj;jsk; %yk; jfty;fis mwpe;Jnfhs;sy;. � fld; ml;il itj;jpUg;NghH ,izaj;jsk; %yk; kpd;rhuf; fl;ldk;>

njhiyNgrpf;fl;lzk; Nghd;w fl;lzq;fis nrYj;jf;$bajhf ,Uj;jy;. � murhq;f Circular fisAk; rpy tpz;zg;gg;gbtq;fisAk; ,izaj;jsj;jpDlhf

ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$bajhf ,Uj;jy;. (www.gov.lk , www.nie.lk) e -Government %yk; ngwf;$ba rpy mE$yq;fs;%yk; ngwf;$ba rpy mE$yq;fs;%yk; ngwf;$ba rpy mE$yq;fs;%yk; ngwf;$ba rpy mE$yq;fs; � jpdKk; 24 kzpNeuKk; ,izaj;jsj;jpDhlhf Nritfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Kbjy;. � murhq;fj; jfty;fisAk; NritfisAk; tpiuthfTk; rupahfTk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s

Kbjy;. � ,yQ;rk; kw;Wk; Coy; vd;gdtw;iwj; jLj;jy;.

ICT ahdJ gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; Kf;fpa gq;Ftfpf;fpd;wJ.ahdJ gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; Kf;fpa gq;Ftfpf;fpd;wJ.ahdJ gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; Kf;fpa gq;Ftfpf;fpd;wJ.ahdJ gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; Kf;fpa gq;Ftfpf;fpd;wJ.

� Social - r%fk; � Cultural - fyhr;rhuk; � Economic - nghUshjhuk; � Administrative - epWthfk; � Health - Rfhjhuk; � Education - fy;tp � Agriculture - tptrhak; � Industries - ifj;njhopy; � And almost all other sectors in Sri Lanka - mNdfkhf Vida rfy JiwfspYk;

RfhRfhRfhRfhjhuj;jpy; jhuj;jpy; jhuj;jpy; jhuj;jpy; jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gk; jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gk; jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gk; jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gk; ---- ICT in Health

jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gk; kUj;Jtj;Jiwapy; ghupa tsHr;rp fz;Ls;sJ.

cz;ikapy; ICT ,d;wp ve;j kUj;Jtr; nrad;KiwfisAK; eilKiwg;gLj;JtJ rhj;jpakpy;iy. ,tw;wpy; gpujhdkhf gpd;tUtdtw;iwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

� kUj;Jt Muha;r;rpfSk; mjpypUe;J Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fSk;. Medical research and innovation

� kUj;Jtg; gupNrhjidfSk; mwpf;iffSk;. Medical testing and reports � rj;jpurpfpr;irAk; mjw;Fg;gad;gLj;jg;gLk; etPd fUtpfSk; � NehahsHfs jfty;fiy juTj;jsj;jpy; Nrkpj;Jitf;ff;$ba trjpfs;.



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� tPl;by; ,Ue;jgb tiyg;gpd;dypDhlhf itj;jpaHfsplk; ,Ue;J MNyhridfisAk; mwpTUj;jy;fisAk; ngwf;$ba trjp. e - channeling

� ,izaj;jpDhlhf Gjpa Neha;fs;> Neha;fSf;fhd mwpFwpfs;> Kw;fhg;G eltbf;iffs;> Neha;fSf;fhd fhuzq;fs; vd;gdtw;iwg; ngw;wf;nfhs;s Kbjy;.

fy;tpj;Jiwafy;tpj;Jiwafy;tpj;Jiwafy;tpj;Jiwapy; jfty; njhlHghpy; jfty; njhlHghpy; jfty; njhlHghpy; jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gk; ly; njhopEl;gk; ly; njhopEl;gk; ly; njhopEl;gk; ---- ICT in Education

� Learning - fw;wy; � Teaching - fw;gpj;jy; � Management - fy;tprhH Kfhikj;Jtk; Mfpa %d;W jiwfspYk; ICT

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

fw;wYf;fhf jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gk; fw;wYf;fhf jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gk; fw;wYf;fhf jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gk; fw;wYf;fhf jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gk; ---- ICT for Learning fy;tpj;Jiwapy; ICT ghupa tsHr;rp fz;Ls;sJ. ICT ia fy;tpj;Jiwapy; gad;gLj;JtjDhlhf $ba tpizj;jpwDk; rpwe;j milTfSk; ngwg;gLtNJ ,jw;Ff; fhuzkhFk;. fy;tpj;Jiwapy; ICT gpd;tUk; gq;fspg;Gf;fisr; nra;fpwJ.

� fzdp tiyg;gpd;dypDhlhd fw;wYk; guPl;irfSk;. (ICDL/ MSSE/ BCS..) � ghlq;fs; njhlHghd ,yj;jpudpay; nghUl;fs;. (CD/ DVD/ e - books/ Interactive

lessons) � fw;wYf;fhf nkd;nghUl;fisg; gad;gLj;jy;. (MS-Power point, moodle) � TV, VCD/DVD player, multimedia projector , computer Nghd;w fUtpfisg;

gad;gLj;jy;

� ghlk; njhlHghd Audio, video, animation, photos, video conference Nghd;wtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jy;.

� fzdpiag; gad;gLj;jp fw;Fk; Kiwik - Computer Assisted Learning system � tiyg;gpd;dy; kw;Wk; ,izaj;ijg; gad;gLj;jy;. School net (www.sch.lk)

fw;gpj;jYfw;gpj;jYfw;gpj;jYfw;gpj;jYf;fhf jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gk; f;fhf jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gk; f;fhf jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gk; f;fhf jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gk; ---- ICT for Teaching

� fw;gpf;Fk; NghJ Audio, video, photos, animation vd;gdtw;iwg; gad;gj;jp; fw;gpj;jy;. � Multimedia projector Ig; gad;gLj;jp fw;gpj;jy;. � MrpupaHfs; ,izaj;jsj;jpd; %yk; Njitahd jfty;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy;.

� Presentation, software fisj; jahupj;J fzdpapDhlhff; fw;gpj;jy;

� Gjpa njhopEl;gq;fisAk; fUtpfisg; gad;gLj;jp fw;gpj;jy;. � ghlq;fs; njhlHghd ,yj;jpudpay; nghUl;fisg; gad;gLj;jy;.

(CD/ DVD/ e - books/ Interactive lessons)

fy;tp; Kfhikj;Jtj;jpy; jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gk; fy;tp; Kfhikj;Jtj;jpy; jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gk; fy;tp; Kfhikj;Jtj;jpy; jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gk; fy;tp; Kfhikj;Jtj;jpy; jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gk; ---- ICT for Management � fw;wy; Kfhikj;Jt Kiwikfisg; gad;gLj;jy;. (Learning Management system) � ghlrhiy Kfhikj;Jt Kiwik Nghd;w nkd;nghUl;fis ghlrhiyapy;

epHthf eltbf;iffSf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jy;. (School Management System) � ,izak; rhHe;j fy;tp Kfhikj;jtf; fllikg;Gf;fisg; gad;gLj;jy;.

tptrhaj;Jiwapy; jfty; njhlHgtptrhaj;Jiwapy; jfty; njhlHgtptrhaj;Jiwapy; jfty; njhlHgtptrhaj;Jiwapy; jfty; njhlHghly; nhopEl;gk;hly; nhopEl;gk;hly; nhopEl;gk;hly; nhopEl;gk; - ICT in Agriculture

tptrhapfs; ICT iag; gad;gLj;Jtd; %yk; $ljyhd tpisr;riyg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sKbAk;. tptrhapfs; gpd;tUtdtw;wpDhlhf ICT apd; ed;ikfis milfpd;wdH.

� Gjpa tptrha ,ae;jpuq;fisAk; fUtpfisAk; mwpKfk; nra;jy;. � $ba tpisr;riyj; juf;$ba tpijfisAk;> Gjpa ,dq;fisAk;



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mwpKfggLj;jy;.

� etPd tptrha KiwfisAk; cj;jpfisAk; mwpe;Jnfhs;sy;. (latest techniques) � Gjpa cutiffisg; gad;gLj;jy;. (New fertilizers) � fpWkpehrpfisg; gad;gLj;jy;. � $ba gad; juf;$ba gjpa ,dq;fis fz;Lgpbj;jy;.

� tptrha cw;gj;jpfSf;fhd re;ij epytuq;fis clDf;Fld; mwpe;Jnfhs;sy;.

� fhyepiy tpguq;fis clDf;Fld; mwpe;Jnfhs;sy;. � tptrhapfs; ,yFthf njhlHghly; trjpfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy;.

ifj;njhopw;Jiwapy; jfty; njhlHghly; nhopEl;gk; ifj;njhopw;Jiwapy; jfty; njhlHghly; nhopEl;gk; ifj;njhopw;Jiwapy; jfty; njhlHghly; nhopEl;gk; ifj;njhopw;Jiwapy; jfty; njhlHghly; nhopEl;gk; ---- ICT in Industry

ifj;njhopw;Jiwapy; ICT gpd;tUk; 3 Jiwfspy; gpjhd gq;Ftfpf;fpwJ 1. fzdp cjtpAld; tbtikg;G. - Computer Aide Design (CAD)

• nkd;nghUl;fisg; gad;gLj;jp tbtikj;jYk; kpf ,yFthf khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; Gjpa tbtq;fisg; ngwYk;.

• fzdp khjpupaikg;Gf;fs; (Models) %yk; tbtikg;Gf;fisg; guPl;rpj;jy;. • tbtikj;jtw;iwr; Nrkpj;J itj;J gpd;dH gad;gLj;jy;.

2. fzdp cjtpAld; cw;gj;jp. - Computer Aide Manufacturing (CAM)

• cw;gj;jpia mjpfupj;jy;.

• kpfj;jpUj;jkhf cw;gj;jp nra;jy;.

• cw;gj;jpg;nghUl;fspd; ek;gfj; jd;ik mjpfupj;jy;.

3. Robots � ifj;njhopw;Jiwapd; gy;NtW eltbf;iffSf;fhfTk; Robot fisg;

gad;gLj;jy;.

tq;fpfspy;tq;fpfspy;tq;fpfspy;tq;fpfspy; jfty; njhlHghly; njfty; njhlHghly; njfty; njhlHghly; njfty; njhlHghly; njjjjhopEl;gkk; hopEl;gkk; hopEl;gkk; hopEl;gkk; ---- ICT in Banking

tq;fpfspy; mjd; epUthf eltbf;iffSf;fhfTk;> mjd; Nritia ,yFgLj;jTk; tpupTgLj;jTk; gpd;tUtdtw;iwg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wd.

� ATM - Automatic Teller Machine � Credit Card � Master Card � Online Banking/ e - Banking � Image processing cheque clearing System (MICR)

nghOJNghf;Ff;fhf nghOJNghf;Ff;fhf nghOJNghf;Ff;fhf nghOJNghf;Ff;fhf jfty; njhlHghly; nhopEl;gkjfty; njhlHghly; nhopEl;gkjfty; njhlHghly; nhopEl;gkjfty; njhlHghly; nhopEl;gk; ; ; ; ---- ICT for entertainment

� Audio/ Music

� Video/ Films

� Video games

� chat (text and audio chat)



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jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jtjdhyjfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jtjdhyjfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jtjdhyjfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jtjdhy;;;; Vw;gLk;Vw;gLk;Vw;gLk;Vw;gLk; tpisTfs;tpisTfs;tpisTfs;tpisTfs;

நா� கணன�கைள பய ப�� ேபா� தகவ� சிைதவ�லி�� தகவ� களவாட�ப�வதிலி�� பா�கா�பள��ப�ட இைட�ர ற கணன��பாவைன"# தகவ�பா�கா�$ அவசியமா#�. தகவ�பா�கா�ப� ("கிய��வ�ைத அறிவத # கீ*+ள உதாரண�ைத ேநா"#ேவா�.

வ-கிஅைம�ைப ேநா"#ேவாமாய� ப�லாய�ர"கண"கான வா."ைகயாள/கள� கண"கிய� வ�பர-க+ வ-கிக0கிைடய�� ப1மா ற�ப�வ�ட ஒ3ேவ4 ெச"க6� அைவ மா ற�ப�கி ற�. அதனா� தகவ� சிைதவ�லி�� தகவ� களவாட�ப�வதிலி�� பா�கா�பள��ப� அவசியமா#�. இத # உ1ய பா�கா�$ (ைறக+ ைகயாள�ப�த� அவசிய�

ICT iag; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ gpd;tUk; fhuzpfspy; ftdQ;nrTYj;JtJ iag; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ gpd;tUk; fhuzpfspy; ftdQ;nrTYj;JtJ iag; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ gpd;tUk; fhuzpfspy; ftdQ;nrTYj;JtJ iag; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ gpd;tUk; fhuzpfspy; ftdQ;nrTYj;JtJ mtrpakhFk;.mtrpakhFk;.mtrpakhFk;.mtrpakhFk;.

1. Social Issues - r%ff; fhuzp 2. Ethical Issues - xOf;ftpay; fhuzp 3. Legal Issues - rl;lk; njhlHghd fhuzpfs; 4. Security Issues - ghJfhg;Gf; fhuzp 5. Health & safety Issues - RfhjuKk; ghJfhg;Gk;

1111.... Social Issues ---- r%ff; fhuzpr%ff; fhuzpr%ff; fhuzpr%ff; fhuzp

Digital Divide

jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;g tsq;fis kf;fs; midtUk; gad;gLj;jf;$ba tha;g;G fpilg;gjpy;iy. mj;jifa tha;g;G cs;stHfSf;Fk;k; ,y;yhjtHfSf;Fk; ,ila xU gue;j ,ilntsp fhzg;gLtij mtjhdpf;fyhk;. ,jidNa Digital Divide vd;fpNwhk;.

gad;gLj;Jk; fzdpapd; nraw;jpwd;> gad;gLj;Jk; ICT tools> ,izaj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp mjpypUe;J toq;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba tha;g;Gf;fs;> ICT ia fy;tpf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jf;$ba tha;g;Gf;fs; vd;gdtw;wpy; ,ilntspfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

cjhuzkhf Pentium I fzdpiag; gad;gLj;JgtUf;Fk; Pentium IV fzdpiag; gad;gLj;JgtUf;Fk; ,ilapy; fhzg;gLk; ,ilntspiaf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

2. Ethical Issues - xOf;ftpay; fhuzpxOf;ftpay; fhuzpxOf;ftpay; fhuzpxOf;ftpay; fhuzp fzdp njhlHghd xOf;ftpay; vd;gJ fzdp nkd;nghUs;> td;nghUs; kw;Wk; fzdp tiyaikg;Gld; njhlHGilaJ. fzdpahdJ tpN\l Gjpa njhopEl;gq;fisg; gad;gLj;JtJld; Gjpa xOf;ftpy; gpur;rpidfisAk; cUthf;fpAs;sJ.

7.2 Issues in the use of ICT



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xUtUila fzdpapYs;s jdpg;gl;;l ,ufrpaq;fis mtH mwpahky; ghHitapLjy;

my;yJ gad;gLj;Jy;> ,d;ndhUtH cUthf;fpa jfty;fis/ nkd;nghUis jhd; cUthf;fpaJ Nghd;W gad;gLj;jy; my;yJ tpepNahfpj;jy;> rpy rkaq;fspy; xU ehl;by; khj;jpuk; rl;lG+Htkhf cs;s xU nkd;nghUis NtW ehLfspy; gad;gLj;jy; Nghd;w nraw;ghLfs; fzdp xOf;ftpaiy kPWtjhFk;. nghJthf ehlyhtpa uPjpapy; tiygpd;dy;fs; $Ljyhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLtjdhy; ,j;jifa gpur;rpidfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;JtJ murhq;fj;jpw;F xU ghupa gpur;rpidahf cs;sJ.

கணன��பாவைனய�� க��தி�ெகா+ள�படேவ7ண.யைவ.

1. ச0ட8தியான ெம ெபா�+ பாவைன. 2. கணன�கைள ெபா��தமான (ைறய�� பாவ��த�. 3. ச0ட8திய ற கலா9சார�தி # ெபா��தம றவ ைற பாவ�யாதி��த�. 4. வைல�ப� னைல:� கணன�கைள:� பாதி"காதி��த�. 5. அ��தவ1 தன��ப0ட தகவ�கைள களவாடாதி��த�.

ேம;� epWtdj;jpw;F epWtdk; த�தம"#1ய ethics ஐ ெகா7.�"#�.

உ.�.:- பாடசாைல கணன� அைறகள�� computer games tpisahLjy;> rpdpkhg; ghly;fis

play nra;jy;> mwptpw;Fj; njhlHgw;w Vida tplaq;isg; ghHitapLjy; vd;gd

தைடெச?ய�ப0�+ள�.

fzfzfzfzdp xOf;ftpaypy; gpd;tUk; gpujhd %d;W tiffs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.dp xOf;ftpaypy; gpd;tUk; gpujhd %d;W tiffs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.dp xOf;ftpaypy; gpd;tUk; gpujhd %d;W tiffs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.dp xOf;ftpaypy; gpd;tUk; gpujhd %d;W tiffs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

1. jdpegH ,ufrpak; - Personal privacy fle;j 15 tUlq;fshf kf;fspilNa fzdpg;ghtid gy;NtW topfspy; kpf mjpfstpy; mjpfupj;Js;sJ. NkYk; nghJthf fzdpfs; tiyg;gpd;dypy; ,izf;fg;LtJ jtpHf;fKbahj xd;whf mike;Js;sJ. rpy rkaq;fspy; fld; ml;il tpguq;fs; kw;Wk; jdpegH xUtuJ jdpg;gl;l tplaq;fis toq;fNtz;b Vw;gLfpwJ. vdNt ,t;thuhd jfty;fs; tiyg;gpd;dypy; cs;s Vida fzdpfspy; ,Ue;J ngwf;$bajhf cs;sjhy; xUtuJ jdpg;gl;l tho;if ,ufrpaj;jd;ik ghjpg;gilfpwJ.

2. ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; / gad;gLj;Jk; cupik - Access rights fzdp KiwikahdJ mjpfhuk; mspf;fg;glhjth;fss;/ mDkjpaspf;fg;glhjtHFs; gad;gLj;Jtjpy; ,Ue;J jtpHf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; mDkjpapd;wp nkd;nghUl;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtjpy; ,Ue;Jk; jtpHf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

Unauthorized Access ,Utiffspy; eilngwyhk;. 1. Hacking 2. Cracking

Hacking அ@மதிய ற நபரா� கணன�வைலயைம�ப�6+ உ0$க(ய சி�த� அ�ல�

பா�கா�ைப உைட��"ெகா7� உ0$#த� hacking என�ப��.

அ��தவ1 கண"#இல"க�, கடன0ைட எ பவ ைற களவாட�, தவறான

(ைறய�� பய ப��த� ம 4� வைலயைம�ப�� நைடெப4� தகவ�



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ப1மா ற�ைத திைசதி��$த�, #ள�$த� எ பனC� இதி� அட-#�.

இவ ைற9 ெச?பவ/ hacker என�ப�வா/.

Cracking அ6மதிய ற programmerஆ� ெம ெபா�ள� உ+ளட"க�ைத மா ற�,

அ6மதி இல"க�ைத மா ற� ம 4� பா�கா�$ வழி(ைறகைள மா ற�

ஆகியன cracking ஆ#�.

,t;thW ntw;wpfukhf nkd;nghUs; xd;wpd; ghJfhg;G rl;ltpNuhjkhf

ePf;fg;gl;lhy; mt;thuhd nkd;nghUs; “Cracked” software vd miof;fg;gLk;

3. nfLjp tistpf;ff;$ba nraw;ghLfs; - Harmful actions

,J Ntz;Lk; vd;Nw juTfis juTfis Nrjg;gLj;Jtijf; Fwpf;Fk;.

mjhtJ Fwpj;j juTfisNah Programe fisNah mopg;gjd; %yk; my;yJ khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; tsq;fspy;> gzj;jpy; my;yJ Neuj;jpy; ghupa el;lj;ij Vw;gLj;JtjhFk;. ,it nghJthf Ntz;Lk;

vd;Nw fzzpd virus fisg; guttpLtjd; %yk; Vw;glyhk;.

3. rl;lk; njhlHghdrl;lk; njhlHghdrl;lk; njhlHghdrl;lk; njhlHghd fhuzpfs;fhuzpfs;fhuzpfs;fhuzpfs; - Legal Issues rl;lk; njhlHfhd fhuzpfis ,Utifg;gLj;jyhk;.

1111.... gjpg;Gupik gjpg;Gupik gjpg;Gupik gjpg;Gupik – Copyright VNjDk; xd;iw (nkd;nghUis) cUthf;fpatUf;fhd (jdpegH my;yJ epWtdk;) rl;luPjpahd cupik gjpg;Gupik vd miof;fg;gLk;.

1989 Mk; Mz;bd; “Copyright, Design and patent Act” vDk; rl;lj;jpd; %yk; mDkjpapd;wp nkd;nghUl;fis gad;gLj;jy;> gpujpnra;jy;> tpepNahfpj;jy; vd;gd rl;lg;gb Fw;wr;nray;fshFk;.

2. Patent VNjDk; xU Gjpa njhopEl;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp Gjpa xU rhjdj;ijj; jahupj;jtUf;Ff; Fwpj;j fhyj;jpw;Ff; fpilf;Fk; cupikahFk;. ,t;thuhd cupikiag; ngWtjw;F Gjpa xU fz;Lgpbg;ghf ,Uf;fNtz;baJld; mjd;%yk; rpwe;j gaidg;ngwf;$bajhfTk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thud cupikiag; ngWk;NghJ mf;Fwpj;j fhyj;jpw;F mg;Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;ig mtuJ mDkjpapd;wp jahupj;jy;> gad;gLj;jy;> tpepNahfpj;jy;> Vw;Wkjpnra;jy; vd;gd rl;lg;gb Fw;wkhFk;.

4. ghJfhg;Gf; ghJfhg;Gf; ghJfhg;Gf; ghJfhg;Gf; fhuzpfs;fhuzpfs;fhuzpfs;fhuzpfs; ---- Security Issues -

gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; ,Ue;J fzdpia ghJfhj;jy; Ntz;Lk;

1. nghsjPfuPjpahfg; ghJfhj;jy; -Physical Security 2. newpKiwg; ghJfhg;G - Logical Security 3. fzdpiag; ghjpf;Fk; nkw;nghUl;fs; - Security from virus programs



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nghsjPfuPjpahfg; ghJfhj;nghsjPfuPjpahfg; ghJfhj;nghsjPfuPjpahfg; ghJfhj;nghsjPfuPjpahfg; ghJfhj;jy; jy; jy; jy; ----Physical Security • fzdpia Jhrp Jzpf;iffspy; ,Ue;J ghJfhj;jy; Ntz;Lk;

• Kiwaw;w ghtizfspy; ,Ue;J ghJfhj;jy; Ntz;Lk;

• fzdpia G+r;rpfspy; ,Ue;J ghJfhj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. (fug;gj;jhd;> gy;yp> vWk;G..)

• Gif my;yJ thAf;fspy; ,Ue;j ghJfhj;jy.; • mjpf ntg;gk; my;yJ gdpapUe;J ghJfhj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

• fzdpapw;F UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) ,d; %yk; kpd;idg; ngWtjpDhlhf jpBnud kpd; Jz;bf;fg;Ltjdhy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gf;fspy; ,Ue;J ghJfhj;jy;.

• fzdpia ,bkpd;dypy; ,Ue;J ghJfhj;jy;. (Surge protection) • kpd;mOj;j NtWghl;ilf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; fUtpia ,izg;gjd; %yk; ghJfhj;jy;.

(Stabilizer to control voltage)

newpKiwg; ghJfhg;G newpKiwg; ghJfhg;G newpKiwg; ghJfhg;G newpKiwg; ghJfhg;G ---- Logical Security fzdpaYs;s nkd;nghUl;fisAk; Vida juTfiSk; gpd;tUk; ,U Kiwfspy; ghJfhf;fyhk;

1. ,ufrpa FwpaPLfis tsq;Fjy;. (Password) 2. gpujpnra;J itj;jy;. (Backup)

fzfzfzfzdpiag; ghjpf;Fdpiag; ghjpf;Fdpiag; ghjpf;Fdpiag; ghjpf;Fk; nkd;k; nkd;k; nkd;k; nkd;nghUl;fs; nghUl;fs; nghUl;fs; nghUl;fs; ---- Security from virus programs

vkJ fzdpapYs;s jfty;fis ghJfhg;gJ kpfTk; rpwkkhd xU tplakhFk;. ,jpy; kpfg;gpujhdkhf Malicious Software ,y; ,Ue;J ghJfhg;gJ kpf Kf;fpakhd xU tplakhFk;

Malicious software அ�ல� Malware என�ப�வ� உ1ைமயாள1 அ6மதி இ றி கணன�"# பாதி�ைப ஏ ப�� ெம ெபா�ளா#�. கணன�வ�;னரா� அைன�� வ��ப�தகா ெம ெபா�+கைள:� #றி"க Malicious software என�ப�� ெசா பத� பய ப��த�ப�கி ற�.

இதி� Virus, Worm, Trojan, Adware, Rootkit, Spyware ேபா ற பல அட-#�.

Computer Virus Computer Virus vd;gJ vk;ik mwpahky; vkJ fzdpapDs; cw;GFe;J ehk; tpUk;ghj nray;fisr; nra;af;$ba program my;yJ program code MFk;. Vida Program fisg;Nghd;W Computer Virus MdJ fzdp vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;w mwpTUj;jy;fis toq;Fk;.

fzdp fzdp fzdp fzdp virus ,d; gd;Gfs;,d; gd;Gfs;,d; gd;Gfs;,d; gd;Gfs;

• midj;J fdzp virus fSk; kdpjdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;ljhFk;.

• ,it jd;idj;jhNd ngUf;fpf;nfhs;Sk; ,ay;GilaJ.

• ,it Rakhf gpujpnra;Jnfhs;sf;$baJ.

• ,it ehrfhu Ntiyfisr; nra;aty;yJ. mjhtJ> hard disk ,Ys;s juTfis mopj;jy; my;yJ hard disk I format nra;jy;> milahsk; njwpahj file fis copy nra;jy; Nghd;w ehk; tpUk;ghj Ntiyfis nra;Ak;.

• NkYk; rpy mghafukhd virus fs; memory ,Ys;s midj;J ,lj;ijAk; epug;gpf;nfhs;tjdhy; fzdp nray;gl Kbahj epiyaia Vw;gLj;Jk;.

• NkYk; rpy virus fs; computer network ,Ys;s ghJfhg;ig (password) I



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ePf;FtJld; jfty;fis gpujpnra;J NtW fzdpfSf;F mDg;gty;yJ.

gy;NtW tifahd computer virus fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

1. Boot sector virus

,t;tifahd virus fs; fzdpia ON nra;Ak;NghNj fzdpapd; hard disk ,Ys;s boot sector I ghjpf;fpd;wd. vdNt ,t;tifahd virus fs; fzdp hard disk ,d; %yk; boot Mtijj; jLf;fpwJ.

boot sector : hard disk ,y; fzdp boot Mtjw;Fj; Njitahd mwpTUj;jy;fs; cs;s xU gFjp.

boot : fzdp On MFk; nrad;Kiw

2. File virus

,t;tifahd virus fs; Application nkd;nghUl;fisg; ghjpf;fpd;wd. ,t;thuhd Application I nraw;gLj;Jk; NghJ my;yJ jpwf;fFk; NghJ mjNdhL ,ize;Js;s Vida Application fisAk; file fisAk; ghjpf;Fk;.

3. Macro virus

,t;tifahd virus Microsoft Office package I kpf ,yFthfg; ghjpf;Fk;. ,t;tifahd virus fs; Macro programming language vDk; kpf ,yFtd xU nkhopiag; gad;gLj;jp vOjg;gLk;.

4. Multipartite virus

,it File> boot sector Mfpa ,uz;ilAk; ghjpf;ff$bait.,t;tifahd virus If; fz;Lgpbf;Fk; NghNj gy file fisg; ghjpj;jpUf;Fk;.

5. Polymorphic virus

,t;tifahd virus fs; xU fzdpapy; ,Ue;J ,d;NdhH fzdpf;Fr; nry;Yk; NghJ jdJ code I khw;wpf;nfhs;Sk;. vdNt antivirus program ,d; %yk; ,t;tif virus fis fz;Lgpbg;gJ fbdkhFk;. ,Ue;j NghjpYk; ,t;tifahd virus fs; kpff;FiwthfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

6. Stealth virus

,t;tifahd virus fs; jd;id fhl;bf;nfhs;shky; kiwj;J itj;Jf;nfhs;Sk;. NkYk; ghjpg;gile;j file fis ghjpg;gilahjJ Nghd;W fhl;Lk;. vdNt ,t;tifahd virus fis antivirus %yk; fz;Lgpg;gJ kpff; fbdkhFk;.

Worm



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Worm Gயமாக த ைன ெப�"#� computer program ஆ#�. அ� கணன��பாவைனயாள1 தைலயH. றி கணன�வைலயைம�ப�Iடாக த ைன�ெப�"கி" ெகா+கி ற�. Virus ஐ� ேபால�லா� ேவ4 ெம ெபா�Jட இைனயா� ெசய படவ�ல�. Worms எ�ேபா�� கணன�வைலயைம�ைப� பாதி"கி ற�. ஆனா� virus கணன�ய�;+ள fileகைள� பாதி"கி ற�.

worm virus fs; Ehw;Wf;fzf;fhd my;yJ Mapuf;fzf;fhd gpujpfisr; nra;J fdzp tiyaikg;gpDhlhf mDg;gf;$ba ty;yikAilaJ. ,jdhy; xNu rkaj;jpy; Mapuf;

fzf;fhd fzdpfs; ghjpg;gilAk;. vdNt ,t;tif virus fs;; kpfTk; Mgj;jhdit.

Trojan horse

இ� program த ைன ேவ4 பய6+ள ெம ெபா�ளாக" கா0."ெகா+J�. ,itVirus ஐ ேபா 4 ஆனா� மைற�தி�� கணன�ைய� பாதி"#�. vdpDk; Vida virus ஐ�ேபா 4 த ைன� ெப�"கி"ெகா+வதி�ைல. பய6+ள ெம ெபா�ளாக" கா0."ெகா7� hacker உ+Kைளய வழியைம��"ெகா�"கி ற�. அத ப� அ6மதிய ற நப/ கணன�ய�6+ Kைள�� தகவைல அழி"கலா�.

,it worm virus Ig; Nghd;W gpujpfis cUthf;fhjNghjpYk; fzdpapy; ,UfFk;; jfty;fspy; kpf ,yFthf njhw;wpf;nfhs;Sk;. NkYk; ,it jFe;j Neuk; tUk; tiu fhj;jpUe;J jhf;ff;$ba jd;ikAilaJ.

Trojan horse பாதி�ப� அறி#றிக+பாதி�ப� அறி#றிக+பாதி�ப� அறி#றிக+பாதி�ப� அறி#றிக+.... (nghJthf (nghJthf (nghJthf (nghJthf virus ghjpg;gpd; mwpFwpfs;)ghjpg;gpd; mwpFwpfs;)ghjpg;gpd; mwpFwpfs;)ghjpg;gpd; mwpFwpfs;)

1. fzdpg; ghtidahsupd; Kf;fpa jfty;fis NtW egHfSf;F mDg;Gjy;

Send the user’s important details to others.

2. fzdpapYs;s juTfis mopj;jy; my;yJ khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;jy;

Change or delete data of the computer.

3. mDkjpaw;w topfspy; juTfis gjpNtw;wk; nra;jy; my;yJ gjptpwf;fk; nra;jy;.

Uploading and downloading data in an unauthorized way.

4. virus Nghd;w ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jf;$ba nkd;nghUl;fis gug;Gjy;.

Spreading malware such as viruses.

5. vjpHghuhj tpjkhf fzdpia Off/ Restart nra;jy;

Shutdown or restart the computer unexpectedly.

6. mDkjpapd;wp nkd;nghUl;fis install nra;jy;

Unauthorized Software installation.

7. fzdpaYs;s file ,d; msit (nfhs;syit) khw;Wjy;

Chang file size 8. fzdp Kiwikapd; jpfjpiaAk; Neuj;ijAk; khw;Wjy;.

Change system date and time 9. fzdp Kiwikapd nraw;jpwid Fiwj;jy;.

Slow down the system performance

10. fzdp On (boot) Mtjw;F kpf ePz;l Neuk; vLj;jy;



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Take more time to boot computer

Blended Program

virus, worm, Trojan horse Mfpa midj;jpdJ gz;GfisAk; nfhz;l program blended program vdg;gLk;.

Time Bomb

இ� கணன�ய�6+ Kைழ�த�� பாதி�ைப ஏ ப��தா�. ஆனா� #றி�ப�0ட

ேநர�ைத அைட�த�� ெதாழி பட ஆர�ப�"#�.

உ.�. :- ஏ�ர� 1� திகதி “நM ஒ� (0டா+” எ 4 ெச?தி அ6�ப�.

Logic Bomb

#றி"க�ப0ட நிப�தைன N/�தியான�� இ� ெதாழி பட ஆர�ப�"#�. இ� த ைன�

ெப�"கி"ெகா+வதி�ைல.

உ.�. :- ஒ� programmer ஆ� எ*த�ப�� Virus program, ஒ� #றி�ப�0ட ெம ெபா�+ install

ஆன�� ெதாழி பட ஆர�ப��த�.

Spyware

,J fzdpia ghtidahsUf;Fj; njupahky; ,ufrpakhf fz;fhdpf;Fk; xUtif

nkd;nghUshFk;. nghJthf ,t;tifahd nkd;nghUis JUtpfs; (Hakers) jPq;Ftpistpf;Fk; Nehf;fj;Jld; gad;gLj;JthHfs;. rpy rkaq;gspy; nkd;nghUs; mgptpUj;jp nra;Ak; epWtdq;fs; ghtidahsH gw;wpa jfty;fisj; jpul;Ltjw;fhf

Spyware Ig; gad;gLj;JthHfs;.

fzdpiag; ghJfhg;gjw;F vLf;f Ntz;ba Kw;fhg;Gf;fsfzdpiag; ghJfhg;gjw;F vLf;f Ntz;ba Kw;fhg;Gf;fsfzdpiag; ghJfhg;gjw;F vLf;f Ntz;ba Kw;fhg;Gf;fsfzdpiag; ghJfhg;gjw;F vLf;f Ntz;ba Kw;fhg;Gf;fs;;;;

Precautions to protect the computer systems

• virus ghjpf;fg;gl;l disk (floppy disk, CD, DVD, flash, Hard disk) fisg; gad;gLj;Jtjpy; ,Ue;J jtpH;e;J nfhs;sy;

• ghjpf;fg;gl;l/ njwpahj exe file (Executable file) fis gjptpwf;Ftjpy; (download) ,Ue;J jtpHe;J nfhs;sy;

• mwpKfkpy;yhj e-mail fis jpwg;gjpypUe;J jtpHe;Jnfhs;sy;.

• Gjpa er;R epuy; vjpHg;G nkd;nghUl;fis (antivirus software) gad;gLj;JtNjhL njhlHr;rpahf update nra;jy;.

• Fwpj;j ehl;fSf;F xUKiw njhlHr;rpahf fzdpia scan nra;jy;.

• Intenet ,y; ,Ue;J e-mail my;yJ file fis download nra;Ak; NghJ mtw;iw scan nra;j gpd;dH download nra;jy;.

• Kiwahf firewall I install nra;J update nra;jy;.

Antivirus Software ---- er;R epuy; vjpHg;G nkd;nghUl;fer;R epuy; vjpHg;G nkd;nghUl;fer;R epuy; vjpHg;G nkd;nghUl;fer;R epuy; vjpHg;G nkd;nghUl;fssss;;;;



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• Antivirus software vd;gJ fzdpf;F virus ghjpf;fg;glhky; jtpHf;ff;$ba my;yJ virus ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shd fzdpfspy; ,Ue;J mtw;iw ePf;f;$ba nkd;nghUshFk;.

• ,J xU Utility software MFk;.

• Antivirs software MdJ mjw;Fj; njupe;j vy;yh virus fisAk; Njbf;

fz;Lgpbj;J mopj;JtpLk;. Mdhy; ,t;tifahd nkd;nghUis Kiwahf update nra;J gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

• Antivirus MdJ scan nra;Ak; NghJ gpd;tUk; ,U eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;Sk;.

1. antivirus programe mwpe;j xU virus fz;Lgpbf;fg;gLkhapd; mtw;iw fzdpapy; ,Ue;J Kw;whf mopf;Fk;.

2. antivirus programe mwpahj Gjpa virus Mapd; Nkyjpf tprhuidf;fhf

gpbj;J itf;fg;gLk;. (quarantine) Antivirus software ,w;fhd cjhuzq;fs;,w;fhd cjhuzq;fs;,w;fhd cjhuzq;fs;,w;fhd cjhuzq;fs;

Norton, MacAfee, Symantec, PC clinic, AVG, Dr. Solomon’s, KasperSky…

Firewall

mDkjpapd;wp my;yJ mjpfhukspf;fg;glhjtHfs; (Hackers) fzdpiag; ghtpg;gjpy;

,Ue;J jtpHg;gjw;fhf Firewall gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. Firewall MdJ xU nkd;nghUshf

my;yJ td;nghUshff; fhdg;glyhk;. nghJthf nkd;nghUs; Firewall kpf mjpfstpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

fzdpahdJ network cld; my;yJ Internet cld; ,izf;fg;gLkhapd; fl;lhakhf

Firewall gad;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

5. Health & safety Issues - RfhjuKk; ghJfhg;Gk;RfhjuKk; ghJfhg;Gk;RfhjuKk; ghJfhg;Gk;RfhjuKk; ghJfhg;Gk; fzdpiag; ghtpg;gjdhy; vkJ clypd; rpy ghfq;fs; ghjpGf;Fs;shtNjhL rpy Neha;fs; tUtjw;fhd tha;g;Gf;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. nghJthf fzdpiag; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ tpuy;> if> fhs;> kdpf;fl;L> Gak;> KJF kw;Wk; fz; vd;gd ghjpg;gilayhk;. NkYk; njhlHr;rpahff; fzdpiag; gad;gLj;JtjdhYk; Kiwahfg; gad;gLj;jhjjdhYk; gpd;tUk; Neha;fs; Vw;glyhk;.

1. KJtyp - Back ache 2. fz;Neha;fs; - Eyestrain 3. rypg;Gj;jd;ik - Uneasiness 4. %iyf;fl;b - Tumor in the brain

,tw;wpy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gf;fs; rpy rkaq;fspy; ghuJhukhd tpisTgis Vw;gLj;jyhk;. vdNt ehk; fzdpiag; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ ,ad;wsT vkJ cly; MNuhf;fpaj;ijf; fUj;jpw;nfhs;tJ mj;jpa mtrpakhFk;.

fdzpiag; gad;gLj;Jk;NghJ nghUj;jkhd fjpiuiag; gad;gLj;jp Rfkhf cl;fhUjy; Ntz;Lk;. KJF epkph;e;j epiyapYk; ,U G[q;fSk; Neuhf itf;ff;$bajhfTk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. fzdpiag; gad;gj;Jk; NghJ vkJ cly; mjpfk; mirahjtW ,Ufhy;fisAk; epyj;jpy; itj;jtd;dk; Rfkhf cl;fhhHe;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld;



ICT

Un

it 7

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type nra;Ak; NghJ KJif tiyj;jtd;dk; type nra;ahJ fjpiuapy; rha;jtd;dk; type nra;a Ntyz;Lk;. mj;Jld; fjpiapy; rhAk; NghJ KJF tiyahJ epiyf;Fj;jhf; fhzg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,y;iynadpd; KJFtyp Vw;gLtjw;fhd tha;g;Gz;L.

Keyboard ,Ys;s key fs; ,Uf;fkpy;yhky; ,Uf;fNtz;baJld; ,U iffspd; mUfpy;

Keyboard I itj;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. tpuy;fis ePl;b jl;lr;R nra;ahky;

keyboard kPJ ,yFthf iffis itj;J jl;lr;R nra;af;$ba epiyapy;

itj;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; keyboard I vkJ tapW kl;lj;jpw;F Neuhg itj;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mijtpl $ba

my;yJ Fiwe;j cauj;py; keyboard I itj;J gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ vkJ ifkdpf;fl;L> G[k;> fYj;J Mfpa gFjpfspy; typ cz;lhFk;.

Mouse ifalf;fkhdjhTk; ,yFthf mirj;J ,yFthf click nra;af; $bajhfTk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; mouse I mirg;gjw;F ifapYs;s 5 tpuy;fisAk;

gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; Mouse [ keyboard ,d; kl;lj;jpy; itj;Jf;nfhs;StJld; ifapd; mUfpy; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

Monitor ,d; Nky;gFjpadJ vkJ fz;kl;lj;jpw;F rw;W fPNo ,Uf;fj;jf;fthWk; vkf;F rupahf NeuhfTk; itj;jpUj;jy;; Ntz;Lk;.

Monitor fz;kl;lj;jw;F NkNyNah my;yJ fPNoNah ,Uf;Fkhapd; fOj;Jtyp kw;Wk jiytyp Vw;gl

tha;g;Gz;L. NkYk; Monitor cz;ikahd color I cilajhfTk;

jpiu Mlhky; mjd; refresh rate I mjpfupj;J itj;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

Monitor ,d; bright IAk; mjpfk; mjpfupj;J itf;fhky; miwapYs;s

bright ,w;F nghUe;Jk; tifapy; khw;wpf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld;

monitor ,w;Fk; fz;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd Jhuk; 18 mq;Fyk; Kjy; 30/ (10 mq;Fyk; Kjy; 24) mq;Fyk; ,ilapy; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. njhlHr;rpahf monitor Ig; ghHj;j tz;zk; ,Uf;ff$lhJ. fz;fis mbf;fb %bj;jpwf;f Ntz;Lk;. Fiwe;jJ 10



ICT

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eplj;jpw;F xU KiwahtJ fz;fis Monitor ,y; ,Ue;J jpirjpUg;gp Jhu ,lj;jpYs;s nghUs; xd;iwg; ghHf;f Ntz;Lk;. fzdpiaj; njhlHr;rpahfg; gzd;gLjh;jf;$lhJ. Fiwe;jJ 30 epkplj;jpw;F xU Kiw rpwpJ Xa;ntLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,ilapilaNa Kd; gf;fKk; gpd; gf;fKk; fOj;ij mirj;J Njhs; %l;Lf;fis ,yFgLj;j Ntz;Lk;.NkYk; ,ilapila if tpuy;fis tpupj;J ,yFgLj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

Note:

• jfty; njhlHghly; njhopEl;g tsq;fis kf;fs; midtUk; gad;gLj;jf;$ba tha;g;G fpilg;gjpy;iy. mj;jifa tha;g;G cs;stHfSf;Fk;k; ,y;yhjtHfSf;Fk; ,ila xU gue;j ,ilntsp fhzg;gLtij mtjhdpf;fyhk;.

,jidNa Digital Divide vd;fpNwhk;.

• ,g;gpur;rpidia ePf;Ftjw;F ehk; xd;whf NrHe;J Kaw;rp vLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ehk; ngw;Ws;s fzdp mwpit kw;wtHfSf;F nrhy;ypf;nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

• ehk; ghtpj;j fzdpfis tPd; tpuak; nra;ahJ fzdp ,y;yhjtHfSf;F my;yJ ghlrhiy Nghd;w epWtdq;fSf;F toq;f Ntz;Lk;.

• vkJ r%f fyhr;rhu tpOkpaq;fis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lk; tifapy; ,izaj;jsq;fis cUthf;fp gpuRf;f Ntz;Lk;.

• ehk; fw;gpf;Fk; NghJ Gjpa njhopEl;gq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp mjhtJ ICT iag; gad;gLj;jp fw;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

• ICT ,d; %yk; jw;NghJ Gjpa njhopy;tha;g;Gf;fs; cUthfpAs;sd. mtw;wpy; rpy

1. Data entry operator 2. Computer operator 3. Programmer 4. Software developer 5. System analyst 6. Software engineer 7. Hardware engineer 8. Network administrator 9. IT manager 10. Web developer 11. Desktop publisher 12. Computer application assistant

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