ICT

and Pedagogy

ICT and PedagogyICT and Pedagogy

Appropriate and inappropriate applications of ICT

ICT

and Pedagogy

Why do we teach ICT?

• Enhances learning and teaching;

• Key skill for future work / life-long learning;

• National Curriculum requirement.

ICT

and Pedagogy

ICT can help learning by

• Developing understanding

– speed and automatic functions of ICT can enable teachers to demonstrate, explore or explain aspects of their teaching, and pupils' learning, more effectively e.g. use of a spread sheet to perform calculations in order that patterns can be concentrated on rather than the calculating.

– explore prepared or constructed models and simulations

ICT

and Pedagogy

ICT can help learning by

• Extending access to sources

– the capacity and range of ICT can enable teachers and pupils to gain access to historical, recent or immediate information, through, for example, accessing information on CD-ROM or the Internet

• Enhancing enquiry skills– search for and compare information from

different sources

ICT

and Pedagogy

ICT can help learning by

• Enhancing the development of ideas

– the provisional nature of information stored, processed and presented using ICT allows work to be changed easily - in using a word processor to edit and refine writing

• Enhancing the communication of ideas– communicate with other people, locally and over

distances, easily and effectively– present information in ways which are accessible

in different forms for different audiences.

ICT

and Pedagogy

Note some examples which you have seen.

“There are indeed many examples of complex technology being used to achieve low-level educational goals”

Underwood and Underwood (1995)

ICT

and Pedagogy

Why does this happen?

Unreliable hardware Inappropriate software - high

percentage of ‘educational’ software is practice and drill

Generic, open-ended software requires greater investment of time

ICT

and Pedagogy

Why does this happen?

Comparative lack of IT training for teachers to learn how to use IT more effectively - teachers unfamiliar with programs and their potential

Non IT confident teachers feel more secure using computers for holding activities

• Packed curriculum

ICT

and Pedagogy

“if computers are used to service the teacher’s needs for organisation and control, they will make little impact on children’s learning”

Somekh and Davis (1997)

Share an example of computers making an impact on children’s learning.

ICT

and Pedagogy

Three modes of using ICT:

• to support teaching and learning;(Supporting ongoing activities in teaching and learning, e.g. drill and practice spelling exercises.)

• to enhance teaching and learning;(Activities enhance subject work and make a tangible impact on teaching strategies and styles e.g. editing written work to improve content, appearance and accessibility for a particular audience.)

• to extend teaching and learning.(The ICT-based work is central to the classroom activities, some of which would not be possible without its use e.g. branching multimedia story.)

ICT

and Pedagogy

Does ICT

support,

enhance,

or extend

children’s learning?

If not, why is it being used?

ICT

and Pedagogy

• clear identification of how ICT will be used to meet specific subject objectives to improve pupils’ attainment;

• ensuring that pupils have adequate ICT skills to achieve those objectives;

• planned match of pedagogy with the identified purpose of ICT activities and learning outcomes.

Factors which teachers need to take into account:

ICT

and Pedagogy

The Four Es

Teachers should make sure that ICT:

•Ensures that the learning outcomes can be achieved;

•Enables the learner;

•Eases and supports the task;

•Enhances the task’s quality and value.Barker and Franklin (1998)

ICT

and Pedagogy

ICT without the computer

• Developing keyboard skills with ‘dummy’ keyboards

• Annotating and revising printouts

• Prepared questionnaire to support information handling activity

• Planning LOGO or Roamer sequences or procedures on paper

ICT

and Pedagogy

Peer support

• liberates the teacher

• gives children the opportunity to teach their peers

• having to explain helps demonstrate understanding or misunderstanding

ICT

and Pedagogy

Annotated screen dump to support graphics activity and file for record keeping

ICT

and Pedagogy

Organising children with hot seat and shadow, head-phones, computer file and screen prompts to support activity.

ICT

and Pedagogy

Computer notice-board

Children encouraged to display computer work from home

Clearly visible rota

ICT in the classroom - high profile

ICT

and Pedagogy

Screen prompts for LOGO, help cards, rota, tick sheet and wall display.