ICT and medicineICT and medicine

ObjectivesObjectives

The uses of ICT in medicine The uses of ICT in medicine • in patient records, medical equipments, internet in patient records, medical equipments, internet

devices…etcdevices…etc Advantages and disadvantages of using ICT in Advantages and disadvantages of using ICT in

medicine medicine Computers and the disabledComputers and the disabled Examples of computer systems used by the disabledExamples of computer systems used by the disabled

The uses of ICT in medicineThe uses of ICT in medicine

communications

Research

Web-based diagnosis

Expert systems

Medical equipments

Patient records

ICT in medicine

Patient recordsPatient records

Medical records used to be stored on Medical records used to be stored on paper but now it is transferred to a paper but now it is transferred to a computer data basecomputer data base

It keeps a track of patients’ medical It keeps a track of patients’ medical history e.g. the prescribed drugs and history e.g. the prescribed drugs and what illness the patient has suffered what illness the patient has suffered fromfrom

Data bases of patients have been used to Data bases of patients have been used to track trends in illnesses such as heart track trends in illnesses such as heart diseasedisease

Data bases of organ donors and patients needing Data bases of organ donors and patients needing transplanttransplant

Patient records Patient records

Advantages Advantages

Access will be quicker.

Access will be quicker.

Takes up less spaceTakes up less spaceWriting will be easy

to readWriting will be easy

to read

Transfer of records will be quicker

between GPs and hospitals

Transfer of records will be quicker

between GPs and hospitals

Patient records Patient records

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

Inputting enormous amounts of data from

paper-based records canTake much time

Inputting enormous amounts of data from

paper-based records canTake much time

Patient records may be lost or hacked

Patient records may be lost or hacked

Some doctors may find it difficult to

enter electronic records

Some doctors may find it difficult to

enter electronic records

Medical equipmentsMedical equipments

Scanners Scanners • Are used to process their data into a Are used to process their data into a

readable formatreadable format

MicroprocessorsMicroprocessors• Are used to control a variety of medical Are used to control a variety of medical

devices such as pacemakersdevices such as pacemakers

Computer guided lasers Computer guided lasers • Are used in operations. For example the Are used in operations. For example the

removal of brain tumorsremoval of brain tumors

Medical equipments Medical equipments

Advantages Advantages

New types of surgeries possible

New types of surgeries possible

Reduce waiting times in the

hospital

Reduce waiting times in the

hospital

Surgeons can perform operations remotely

Surgeons can perform operations remotely

Medical equipments Medical equipments

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

Computers have defects and

can break down

Computers have defects and

can break down

Doctors have to retrain to use the

new equipments

Doctors have to retrain to use the

new equipments

ResearchResearch ICT has changed the way in which medical research is conductedICT has changed the way in which medical research is conducted

• Modelling the effects of new drugsModelling the effects of new drugs

• ICT is used to conduct clinical trialsICT is used to conduct clinical trials

• Collaboration between international teams e.g. Human Genome ProjectCollaboration between international teams e.g. Human Genome Project

ResearchResearch

AdvantagesAdvantagesAdvantagesAdvantages

Management of clinical trials online

Management of clinical trials online

Better quality of life for

the disabled

Better quality of life for

the disabled

Collaboration between

healthcareprofessionals

Collaboration between

healthcareprofessionals

ResearchResearch

DisadvantagesDisadvantagesDisadvantagesDisadvantages

Can neverCan never replace clinical trialsreplace clinical trials

Can neverCan never replace clinical trialsreplace clinical trials

Web-based diagnosis (Internet services)Web-based diagnosis (Internet services)

You can find a wide variety of medical You can find a wide variety of medical information such as :information such as :• Symptom diagnosis, for people who wish to identify Symptom diagnosis, for people who wish to identify

their problem without consulting a GP (General their problem without consulting a GP (General practitioner)practitioner)

• Access to medical research/journalsAccess to medical research/journals

• Information about side effectsInformation about side effects

• Information about available treatmentsInformation about available treatments

Web-based diagnosisWeb-based diagnosis

AdvantagesAdvantages

24/724/7 accessaccess to informationto information

24/724/7 accessaccess to informationto information

Support for Support for

patients frompatients from

other sufferersother sufferers

Support for Support for

patients frompatients from

other sufferersother sufferers

Access to research Access to research

for professionalsfor professionalsAccess to research Access to research

for professionalsfor professionals

Web-based diagnosisWeb-based diagnosis

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

can lead tocan lead to incorrectincorrect

diagnosisdiagnosis

can lead tocan lead to incorrectincorrect

diagnosisdiagnosis

Incorrect Incorrect

prescribed drugsprescribed drugsIncorrect Incorrect

prescribed drugsprescribed drugs

Expert systemsExpert systems

Also called knowledge-based systems Also called knowledge-based systems They are computer programs that attempt They are computer programs that attempt

to replicate the performance of a human to replicate the performance of a human expert on some specialized reasoning expert on some specialized reasoning tasks tasks

Store and manipulate knowledge so that Store and manipulate knowledge so that they can help the user to solve a problem they can help the user to solve a problem or make a decisionor make a decision

Expert systems are being used for disease Expert systems are being used for disease diagnosisdiagnosis

Example of expert systemsExample of expert systems

Robots Robots • They have been used to perform They have been used to perform

very accurate operation such as very accurate operation such as those on the brainthose on the brain

Expert systemsExpert systems

AdvantagesAdvantages

It can store more It can store more

knowledge knowledge

than a personthan a person

It can store more It can store more

knowledge knowledge

than a personthan a person

A large data baseA large data base of knowledgeof knowledge

can be added andcan be added and kept up-to-datekept up-to-date

A large data baseA large data base of knowledgeof knowledge

can be added andcan be added and kept up-to-datekept up-to-date

AcquireAcquire

knowledgeknowledge

faster thanfaster than

a human doctor a human doctor

AcquireAcquire

knowledgeknowledge

faster thanfaster than

a human doctor a human doctor

the system cannot the system cannot

forget or get forget or get

facts wrong. facts wrong.

the system cannot the system cannot

forget or get forget or get

facts wrong. facts wrong.

Expert systemsExpert systems

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

Some people Some people

prefer a human touchprefer a human touchSome people Some people

prefer a human touchprefer a human touch

CommunicationsCommunications

Teleconferencing has been used to share Teleconferencing has been used to share expertiseexpertise• Surgeons in one country can help those in Surgeons in one country can help those in

the otherthe other

Wireless transmission provides a link Wireless transmission provides a link between hospitals and doctorsbetween hospitals and doctors

Telecommunications Telecommunications • Remote diagnosis can be used to diagnose Remote diagnosis can be used to diagnose

and treat patients remotelyand treat patients remotely

• Patients can monitor their own conditions at Patients can monitor their own conditions at home without need for a visit in a hospital home without need for a visit in a hospital

Computers and the disabledComputers and the disabled

About 10% of people in Britain has some kind of disabilityAbout 10% of people in Britain has some kind of disability Computer systems :Computer systems :

• Improve the ability to communicateImprove the ability to communicate

• Provide opportunities for independence and employmentProvide opportunities for independence and employment

Examples:Examples:• Scanners to convert printed text to verbal out put for visually impairedScanners to convert printed text to verbal out put for visually impaired

• Voice recognition equipment to convert speech to printed output for Voice recognition equipment to convert speech to printed output for hearing impairedhearing impaired

• Special pointing devices to allow interaction with computer for Special pointing devices to allow interaction with computer for physically impairedphysically impaired

• Vision systems with sensors built into special glassesVision systems with sensors built into special glasses

• Computerized devices implanted to improve mobility for physically Computerized devices implanted to improve mobility for physically impairedimpaired

ExamplesExamples

Scanners to convert printed text to verbal out put for visually Scanners to convert printed text to verbal out put for visually impairedimpaired

Voice recognition equipment to convert speech to printed Voice recognition equipment to convert speech to printed output for hearing impairedoutput for hearing impaired

Special pointing devices to allow interaction with computer Special pointing devices to allow interaction with computer for physically impairedfor physically impaired

Vision systems with sensors built into special glassesVision systems with sensors built into special glasses Computerized devices implanted to improve mobility for Computerized devices implanted to improve mobility for

physically impairedphysically impaired

Done byDone by::

HADEEL HADEEL ALLAMALLAM