icca volume 4

7/21/2019 ICCA Volume 4

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/icca-volume-4 1/223

Gf{n} fc{ gifc l Bifd n}nfbn if Biou~ {n} Cuul gbc{gifr =53=

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Crribgc{gif id Rbgnf{gr{r, Kntnliun}r cfk Dcb~l{gnr !CRKD', Gfkgc

Crribgc{gif id Biou~{n} Ocbagfn}w!CBO'

Rbgnfbn $ Nfjgfnn}gfj ]nrnc}ba R~uui}{ ribgn{w !RN]RB', @i}nc

A~ocf Biou~{n} Gf{n}cb{gif, Gfdi}oc{gif Bioo~fgbc{gif Rwr{nor

=:/23 Hcf~c}w =53=

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Nkg{i}/gf/Bagnd

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Nkg{i}r8

N Rcg`grai}n, [ ] R}gfgtcrcf, K Lijcfc{acf,

@ Miocffc}chc cfk ] Uiff~rcow



U~mlgrank mw

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}kocgf }ick, @~oc}cf Fcjc} Nq{f&, Lczrun{, Uifkgban}}w/4>551

Nocgl8 ckogfEcrkd&i}j&gf || zzz&crkd&i}j&gf

Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr !GBBC =53='

TIL^ON ;

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[agr mii`, i} uc}{r {an}nid, ocw fi{ mn }nu}ik~bnk gf cfw di}o i} mw cfw oncfr, nlnb{}ifgb i} onbacfgbcl, gfbl~kgfj

uai{ibiuwgfj, }nbi}kgfj i} cfw gfdi}oc{gif r{i}cjn cfk }n{}gntcl rwr{no fiz `fizf i} {i mn gftnf{nk, zg{ai~{ z}g{{nf

un}ogrrgif d}io {an GBBC =53= I}jcfgxn}r i} {an U~mlgran}&

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u}iun}{w cr c oc{{n} id u}ik~b{r lgcmglg{w, fnjlgjnfbn i} i{an}zgrn, i} d}io cfw ~rn i} iun}c{gif id cfw on{aikr, u}ik~b{r

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U]NDCBN

[agr u}ibnnkgfj gr c uc}{ id Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr =53= zagba zcr

anlk gf Uifkgban}}w, Gfkgc d}io =:/Knb/=53= cfk 23/Knb/=53=& [agr bifdn}nfbn zcr air{nk mw

[nbafi Di}~o ]nrnc}ba cfk Kntnliuonf{ Bnf{}n, Uifkgban}}w gf crribgc{gif zg{a Crribgc{gif id

Biou~{n} Ocbagfn}w!CBO', Crribgc{gif id Rbgnf{gr{r, Kntnliun}r cfk Dcb~l{gnr !CRKD', Gfkgc,

M}g{gra Biou~{n} Ribgn{w !MBR', ^@ cfk Rbgnfbn cfk Nfjgfnn}gfj R~uui}{gfj Ribgn{w !Ribgn{w',

@i}nc&

[an zi}lk gr bacfjgfj& D}io raiuugfj ocllr {i {}cfrui}{ {n}ogfclr, cg}b}cd{ {i ucrrnfjn} ragur, {an

gfd}cr{}~b{~}n id ribgn{w acr {i biun zg{a ntn} oi}n gf{nfrn cfk bioulnq dlizr id uniuln& [ikcw,

oi}n {acf ntn}, rcdn{w, nddgbgnfbw cfk biodi}{ c}n grr~nr {ac{ o~r{ mn ckk}nrrnk mw cll knrgjfn}r& [an

Zi}lk [}ckn Bnf{}n kgrcr{n} m}i~ja{ gf{i {}cjgb dib~r {an fnnk di} znll/knrgjfnk ntcb~c{gif rwr{nor&

[an fnz }nj~lc{i}w d}conzi}` gf {an oc}gfn gfk~r{}w, cb`fizlnkjnr fi{ iflw {an goui}{cfbn id

nfr~}gfj {ac{ {an m~gl{ nftg}ifonf{ gr rcdn, m~{ clri {an bnf{}cl }iln {ac{ ntcb~c{gif rgo~lc{gif bcf

ulcw gf cbagntgfj {agr&

Cf ckkg{gifcl fnnk gr {i knrgjf rucbnr di} nddgbgnfbw ‒ nfr~}gfj {ac{ ocqgo~o {a}i~jau~{ bcf mn

cbagntnk k~}gfj fi}ocl iun}c{gifr ‒ cfk biodi}{ ‒ nfr~}gfj {ac{ {an }nr~l{gfj dlizr iddn} lg{{ln

iuui}{~fg{w di} fnnklnrr s~n~gfj i} nqbnrrgtn bifjnr{gif& [anrn bioulnq knocfkr bacllnfjn

{}ckg{gifcl u}nrb}gu{gtn knrgjf j~gknr cfk }nj~lc{gifr& Knrgjfn}r cfk }nj~lc{i}r c}n bifrns~nf{lw

{~}fgfj {i un}di}ocfbn/mcrnk cfclwrgr cfk }nj~lc{gifr dcbglg{c{nk mw {an fnz jnfn}c{gif id uniuln

oitnonf{ oiknlr&

Zanf c j}nc{n} bacfjnr c}n cbagntnk {anrn ucr{ wnc}r, r{gll oi}n gr {i mn cbagntnk zagba r{gll rnnor

{i mn ml~n r`w id 37:5‗r& M~{ di} cll {an bacllnfjnr, bcucmglg{gnr bif{gf~n {i cktcfbn c{ uanfionfcl

runnk& Ntnf {a}nn wnc}r cji g{ ocw actn mnnf bifrgkn}nk c bacllnfjn {i un}di}o c fn{zi}` knrgjf

gftiltgfj {an ntcb~c{gif id ;>,555 uniuln d}io c 3=5 r{i}w m~glkgfj, m~{ zg{a {ikcw‗r riuagr{gbc{nk

oiknllgfj {iilr cfk agja/nfk UBr, {agr gr fiz uirrgmln& [ikcw‗r bacllnfjnr c}n o~ba oi}n comg{gi~r

cfk gftiltn rgo~lc{gfj {an oitnonf{ cfk mnactgi~} id itn} ifn ogllgif uniuln gf bg{w/rgxnk



jnion{}gnr& [an ocfcjnonf{ id {anrn fn{zi}` gr clri ncrw cfk oi}n runbgdgbcllw cll {an ;>,555

uniuln bcf mn oifg{i}nk mw c rgfjln un}rif rg{{gfj gf agr bcmgf& [agr acr mnnf {an ntgknfbn id {an

kntnliuonf{ {anrn kcwr&

Cr r~ba, {an bifdn}nfbn }nu}nrnf{r c ~fgs~n iuui}{~fg{w di} nqun}{r cfk mnjgffn}r {i jcgf gfrgja{ gf{i

{an }cugklw&

Clri G zi~lk lg`n {i {acf` cll {an bi/iun}c{i}r di} m}gfjgfj i~{ {anrn u}ibnnkgfjr di} wi~ zagba

ochi}lw gfbl~knr ow oio O}r& @& Lc`raog cfk ow kck O}& H& @~fcrn`c}cf& Cuc}{ d}io {ano ow

mgjjnr{ zi}{aw jcfj id d}gnfkr gfbl~kgfj K}& R& U}g{agt ]chcf, Bacg}ocf id {agr bifdn}nfbn, K}& ]& R&

R~kac`c}, Uc{}if id {agr Bifdn}nfbn, K}& C& Ocfg`cfkcf cfk K}& R& Ctgfcra, Biftnfn} id {agr

bifdn}nfbn, K}& N& Rcg @grai}n, I}jcfgxgfj Rnb}n{c}w id {agr Bifdn}nfbn cfk {an nf{g}n {nco zagba

zi}`nk clifj zg{a on di} {an }cugk r~bbnrr id {an bifdn}nfbn di} ucr{ 3 wnc} d}io {an kc{n id

gfg{gc{gfj {agr Bifdn}nfbn& Clri G fnnk {i cuu}nbgc{n U}id& [& ]& R}gfgtcrcf cfk agr {nco id Tgkwcc

Tg`cr Billnjn id Nfjgfnn}gfj cfk [nbafilijw di} anlugfj {i oc`n {an u~mlgbc{gif him ncrw&

Dgfcllw, G {acf` ow dcoglw, d}gnfkr, r{~knf{r cfk billncj~nr di} {ang} bifr{cf{ nfbi~}cjnonf{ cfk

r~uui}{ di} oc`gfj {agr {wun id bifdn}nfbn&

// @& @i`~lc @}grafc Ac}g Nkg{i}/gf/Bagnd



I}jcfgxgfj Bioog{{nn

Bagnd Uc{}if

@i`~lc @}grafc Ac}g @, Di~fkn} $ U}nrgknf{, [nbafi Di}~o J}i~u, Uifkgban}}w, Gfkgc

Uc{}if

R~kac`c} ] R, Bagnd Nqnb~{gtn Iddgbn}!BNI', [nbafi Di}~o J}i~u, Uifkgban}}w, Gfkgc

Bacg}ocf

U}g{agt ]chcf R, Bacg}ocf $ Cktgri}, [nbafi Di}~o J}i~u, Uifkgban}}w, Gfkgc

Biftnfn}

Ocfg`cfkcf C, Bagnd A~ocf ]nri~}bnr Iddgbn}!BA]I', [nbafi Di}~o J}i~u, Gfkgc

I}jcfgxgfj Rnb}n{c}w

Rcg @grai}n N Bagnd Gfdi}oc{gif Iddgbn}, [nbafi Di}~o J}i~u, Gfkgc&

Iun}c{gifr Bacg}

J R [ioc} Kg}nb{i}, OG] Lcmr, Jzclgi}, Gfkgc

Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bacg}

Occ}~d Clg Nqnb~{gtn Kg}nb{i}, !CRKD' / N~}iun, N~}iun

Airug{clg{w

O~{a~clcjcf ] Clcjcuuc Billnjn id [nbafilijw, Banffcg

Gfk~r{}w Lgcgrif Bacg}

Ocfg`cfkcf R Nqnb~{gtn Rnb}n{c}w, [nbafi Di}~o J}i~u, Gfkgc

[nbafgbcl Ucfnlr Bacg}

Knmfc{a Mac{{cbac}wwc, Nqnb~{gtn Kg}nb{i}, !CRKD' / Znr{ Mnfjcl, Gfkgc

[nbafgbcl Bacg}

Rcog} @~oc} Mcfkwiuckawcw Di}on} ]njgr{}c}, ^fgtn}rg{w id Bclb~{{c, Gfkgc

Uiff~rcow ] U}nrgknf{, C}{gdgbgcl Gf{nllgjnfbn Crribgc{gif id Gfkgc, Gfkgc

R}gfgtcrcf [ ],Tgbn/U}gfbgucl, Tgkwcc Tg`cr Billnjn id Nfjgfnn}gfj cfk [nbafilijw



Zi}`raiur Ucfnl Bacg}

Lijcfc{acf K Knuc}{onf{ id Biou~{n} Rbgnfbn cfk Nfjgfnn}gfj, Uifkgban}}w

Nfjgfnn}gfj Billnjn, Gfkgc

OGR Bi/I}kgfc{i}

Ac}gra J [}~r{nn, [nbafi Di}~o ]nrnc}ba cfk Kntnliuonf{ Bnf{}n, Uifkgban}}w

Cbcknogb Bacg}

Mioocffc ]chc @, U}gfbgucl, Nqbnl Billnjn id Nfjgfnn}gfj di} Zionf, Gfkgc

[cg/Aiif @go U}idnrri} $ Bacg}ocf, Knu{& id O~l{gonkgc, Acfoco ^fgtn}rg{w, @i}nc



[NBAFGBCL ]NTGNZN]R

• Ckn{awc R~kc}rcfcf Bijfgxcf{ [nbafilijw Ril~{gifr, Gfkgc

• Cgf~kkgf ^fgtn}rg{w id Oclcwc, Oclcwrgc

• Chcw Bac`}ctc}{aw ^fgtn}rg{w id Ri~{acou{if, ^@

• Clnrrcfk}i ]gxxg ^fgtn}rg{w id Oglcf, G{clw

• Cl/Rc`gm @acf Uc{acf Gf{n}fc{gifcl Grlcogb ^fgtn}rg{w, Oclcwrgc

• Cfjnlgfc Jnn{ac M R Cmk~} ]caocf ^fgtn}rg{w, Banffcg

• C}co~kacf O U@GN[, @c}cg`cl, Gfkgc

• C}gtcxacjcf R Onubi Rbalnf` Nfjgfnn}gfj Billnjn, Gfkgc

• C}i`gcrcow C Cfhclcg Coocl Ocaclgfjco Nfjgfnn}gfj Billnjn, Gfkgc

• C}~l Lcz}nfbn Rnltc`~oc} C Ckaguc}crc`{ag Nfjgfnn}gfj Billnjn, Gfkgc

• C}~lo~}~jcf T Uifkgban}}w fgtn}rg{w, Gfkgc

• C}~fc Knir`c} Gfr{g{~{n id Gfk~r{}gcl $ Biou~{n} Ocfcjnonf{ cfk ]nrnc}ba, U~fn

• Cragra Bac~}crgc Jwcf Jcfjc Gfr{g{~{n id [nbafilijw $ Rbgnfbnr, Hcmclu~}, Gfkgc

• Cragra ]cr{ijg J~}~ Jacrgkcr ^fgtn}rg{w, Gfkgc

• Cra~{ira @~oc} K~mnw [}gfg{w Gfr{g{~{n id [nbafilijw $ ]nrnc}ba, Gfkgc

• Ctckacfg U R Cfka}c ^fgtn}rg{w, Gfkgc

• Mactcfc J~u{c Cll Rcgf{r Billnjn id [nbafilijw, Gfkgc

• Mgfj Rag ^fgtn}rg{w id Ri~{acou{if, ^@

• B C}~f ]& O& @& Billnjn id Nfjgfnn}gfj cfk [nbafilijw, Gfkgc

• Bacfk}crn`c}cf O Jitn}fonf{ Billnjn id Nfjgfnn}gfj, Rclno, Gfkgc

• Bacfk}crn`c}cf R ]chclc`raog Nfjgfnn}gfj Billnjn, Banffcg, Gfkgc



• Bac~kac}g C L ^fgtn}rg{w id U~fn, Gfkgc

• Bagfj/Argnf Ar~ Ba~fj A~c ^fgtn}rg{w, [cgzcf

• Bag{}c @}grafcoii}{aw R{ Hirnuar Billnjn id Nfjgfnn}gfj cfk [nbafilijw, Gfkgc

• Ba}gr{gcf Nr{ntn ]i{anfmn}j BUsK ![nlnbio ]nrnc}ba Bnf{n}', M}cxgl

• Ba~f/Bagna A~cfj Ogfjargf ^fgtn}rg{w id Rbgnfbn cfk [nbafilijw, [cgzcf

• Kc}racf O Jillc Cfka}c ^fgtn}rg{w, Gfkgc

• Nltgfgc ]gbbimnfn ^fgtn}rg{w id Oglcf, G{clw

• Dcxgkca I{aocf ^fgtn}rg{w id Oclcwc, Oclcwrgc

• D~ltgi D}c{g ^fgtn}rg{w id Oglcf, G{clw

• J Hnwc`~oc} Co}g{c Rbaiil id Nfjgfnn}gfj, Gfkgc

• Jnn{ac}cocfg ] ]chclc`raog Nfjgfnn}gfj Billnjn, Banffcg, Gfkgc

• Jnog`ifc`lg I Ogkklnrnq ^fgtn}rg{w, ^@

• Jacrrnoliiw X Fi}{a~om}gc ^fgtn}rg{w, ^@

• J}nji}gi Oc}{gfnx Un}nx ^fgtn}rg{w id O~}bgc, Rucgf

• Acogk Cmk~llc ^fgtn}rg{w id Oclcwc, Oclcwrgc

• Acf~ocf{ac ]nkkw [ ]ci Mcack~} W Ocacmclnrzc}cuuc Nfjgfnn}fj Billnjn, Mnllc}w

• Ac}g Oiacf Ucfknw FOGOR ^fgtn}rg{w, Gfkgc

• Anljn Lcfjrn{a Fi}znjgcf ^fgtn}rg{w id Rbgnfbn cfk [nbafilijw, Fi}zcw

• Gif [~{cfnrb~ ^fgtn}rg{w id Ug{nr{g, ]iocfgc

• Hcgon Lli}n{ ^fgtn}rgkck Uilg{nbfgbc kn Tclnfbgc, Rucgf

• Hnwc Oclc K [agcjc}chc} Billnjn id Nfjgfnn}gfj, Gfkgc

• Hgfh~f Banf ^fgtn}rg{w id [nbafilijw Rwkfnw, C~r{}clgc



• Hinl ]ik}gj~nr ^fgtn}rg{w id Mng}c Gf{n}gi}, Ui}{~jcl

• Hiaf Rcfhnnt @~oc} C [agcjc}chc} Billnjn id Nfjgfnn}gfj, Gfkgc

• Hirnua O Oi{an} [n}crc Billnjn id Nfjgfnn}gfj $ [nbafilijw, Gfkgc

• @ Jiuclcf U}idnrri}, U~}k~n ^fgtn}rg{w Bcl~on{, ^R

• @ F ]ci Cfka}c ^fgtn}rg{w, Gfkgc

• @cbazclc [ FOGOR fgtn}rg{w, Gfkgc

• @cffcf Mclcr~m}cocfgcf Onubi Rbalnf` Nfjgfnn}gfj Billnjn, Gfkgc

• @cffcf F Hcwc}co Billnjn id Nfjgfnn}gfj cfk [nbafilijw, [}gbaw, Gfkgc

• @cr{~}g Knzg Tc}c{acf ^fgtn}rg{w id Oclcwc, Oclcwrgc

• @c{ag}tnl C @c}ucjc Tgfcwcjc Billnjn id Nfjgfnn}gfj $ [nbafilijw, Gfkgc

• @ctg{c Rgfja ^fgtn}rg{w id Knlag, Gfkgc

• @g}cf @~oc}g Uc{gl ]ntc Gfr{g{~{n id [nbafilijw cfk Ocfcjnonf{, Mcfjcli}n, Gfkgc

• @}grafcocbac} R}nnfgtcrcf GG[/@J, Gfkgc

• @~oc} K Un}gwc} Ocfgcoocg fgtn}rg{w, [acfhct~}, Gfkgc

• Lchir Acfxi Bacg} id [nlnbioo~fgbc{gifr, ^fgtn}rg{w id Ri~{acou{if, ^@

• Lifjmgfj Bci ^fgtn}rg{w id [nbafilijw, Rwkfnw

• L~jocw} C}{~} [nqcr R{c{n ^fgtn}rg{w, ^fg{nk R{c{nr

• O Ac}gAc}cR~kacf Uifkgban}}w fgtn}rg{w, Gfkgc

• Ocanrzc}cf ] Onubi Rbalnf` Nfjgfnn}gfj Billnjn, Gfkgc

• Oclo~}~jcf F @clcgjfc} @c}~fcfgkag Gfr{g{~{n id [nbafilijw, Gfkgc

• Ocfh~ Lc{c Cjc}zcl ^fgtn}rg{w id Knlag, Gfkgc

• Ocxlgxc I{aocf ^fgtn}rg{w id Oclcwc, Oclcwrgc



• Oiacoock O Mcfc{ Hi}kcf ^fgtn}rg{w id Rbgnfbn cfk [nbafilijw

• Oifg R FGB / JiG, Gfkgc

• Oòfgbc Cj~glc} Gjc}{~c ^fgtn}rg{c{ Uilg{ábfgbc kn Bc{cl~fwc, Rucgf

• O~`nra K& Uc{gl Gfkgcf Gfr{g{~{n id [nbafilijw, O~omcg, Gfkgc

• O~}{aw M @ Knuc}{onf{ id Gfdi}oc{gif cfk [nbafilijw / JiG, Gfkgc

• Fcjc}chcf R @ Cffcoclcg ^fgtn}rg{w, Gfkgc

• Fglcfhcf Bac{{iuckawcw R U Hcgf Gfr{g{~{n id Ocfcjnonf{ $ ]nrnc}ba, O~omcg, Gfkgc

• Fgliw Jcfj~lw GG[/@J, Gfkgc

• Fi}fcxlg{c A~rrgf ^fgtn}rg{w id Oclcwc, Oclcwrgc

• Ucfbacfc{aco F Cffcoclcg ^fgtn}rg{w, Gfkgc

• Uc}tc{ac Tc}{agfg M R{ Hirnua‗r Billnjn id Nfjgfnn}gfj, Gfkgc

• Uc}tnnf Mnjco OCO Billnjn id Nfjgfnn}gfj cfk [nbafilijw, [}gbaw

• Ucrbcl Ag{xln} Z}gja{ R{c{n ^fgtn}rg{w, Kcw{if, ^R

• Ugh~ra @cf{g Mac{{cbac}hnn Crrco fgtn}rg{w, Crrco, Gfkgc

• Uiffcoocl Fc{c}chcf ]chclc`raog Nfjgfnn}gfj Billnjn, Banffcg, Gfkgc

• Uii}fc Mclc`}grafcf Ncrzc}g Nfjgfnn}gfj Billnjn, Gfkgc

• Uii}fcbacfk}c R ]OK Nfjgfnn}gfj Billnjn, Gfkgc

• U}ckgu @~oc} Mclc GG[, ]ii}`nn

• U}crcffc F [OJ Billnjn, Gfkgc

• U}no Racf`c} Jinl Bacg}ocf / ]CN, K]KI/JiG, Gfkgc

• U}gwnra @cf~fji Uc{nl J}i~u id Gfr{g{~{gifr, Gfkgc

• ]ckac R RRF Billnjn id Nfjgfnn}gfj, Banffcg, Gfkgc



• ]ckac`}grafcf T Oii`cogmgjcg Billnjn id Nfjgfnn}gfj, Gfkgc

• ]chc @ Fc}cr~*r Rc}c{aw Gfr{g{~{n id [nbafilijw, Gfkgc

• ]co Racfo~jco [nqcr R{c{n ^fgtn}rg{w, ^fg{nk R{c{nr

• ]co`~oc} H TLM Hcfc`gcoocl billnjn id C}{r $ Rbgnfbn, Gfkgc

• ]ci K A Hcgf Billnjn id Nfjgfnn}gfj, Gfkgc

• ]ctgbacfk}cf B J ] T R Billnjn id Nfjgfnn}gfj cfk [nbafilijw, Gfkgc

• ]ctg`cf{ Rzcog C}fg ^fgtn}rg{w, Gfkgc

• ]ctg}chc R ^fgtn}rg{w id Oclcwc, Oclcwrgc

• ]grack C Racdg` ^fgtn}rg{w id Ri~{acou{if, ^@

• ]~k}c U U}ckacf GG[/@JU, Gfkgc

• Rcaccwc C}~l Oc}w R C Hcwc}co Billnjn id Nfjgfnn}gfj $ [nbafilijw, Gfkgc

• Rcfhcw Bac~kac}w KC/GGB[, Gfkgc

• Rcfhcw @ Hcgf ^fgtn}rg{w id Knlag, Gfkgc

• Rc{annra @~oc} @J Crgcf Rbaiil id M~rgfnrr, [}gtcfk}~o, Gfkgc

• Rc~}cma K~{{c K} M B ]iw Nfjgfnn}gfj Billnjn, K~}jcu~}, Gfkgc

• Rnf{acoc}cg @cffcf R [agcjc}chc} Billnjn id Nfjgfnn}gfj, Gfkgc

• Rnf{agl C}cr~ M Fc{gifcl Gfr{g{~{n id [nbafilijw / [}gbaw, Gfkgc

• Rnf{agl @~oc} C T Agfk~r{cf Billnjn, Bigomc{i}n, Gfkgc

• Racfo~jco C Mcffc}g Coocf Gfr{g{~{n id [nbafilijw, N}ikn, Gfkgc

• Rac}if Ucfkn FOGOR fgtn}rg{w, Gfkgc

• Ranglc Cfcfk ]chclc`raog Nfjgfnn}gfj Billnjn, Banffcg, Gfkgc

• Ranfmcjc}ch ] Onubi Rbalnf` Nfjgfnn}gfj Billnjn, Gfkgc



• Ragluc Macln}ci DBC Cb}iuilgr Gfr{g{~{n id [nbafilijw cfk ]nrnc}ba

• Rgfjc}ctnl J @& R& ]& Billnjn id Nfjgfnn}gfj, Gfkgc

• Rgtcmclcf C RO@ Dio}c Gfr{g{~{n id [nbafilijw, Gfkgc

• Rgtc`~oc} K Cffc ^fgtn}rg{w, Banffcg

• Rgtc`~oc} T H Fc{gifcl Gfr{g{~{n id [nbafilijw / [}gbaw, Gfkgc

• Rgtcr~m}cocfgcf C R{ Hirnuar Billnjn id Nfjgfnn}gfj cfk [nbafilijw, Gfkgc

• R}nnfgtcrc ]nkkw N Cbac}wc Fcjc}h~fc ^fgtn}rg{w, Gfkgc

• R}g Kntg ]ctcfc ^fgtn}rg{w id Oclcwc, Oclcwrgc

• R}gfgtcrcf C OFO Hcgf Nfjgfnn}gfj Billnjn, Banffcg

• R}gfgtcrcf @ R Ncrzc}g Nfjgfnn}gfj Billnjn, Banffcg, Gfkgc

• R{ndcfir J}g{xclgr ^fgtn}rg{w id {an Cnjncf, J}nnbn

• R{nltgi Bgoc{i ^fgtn}rg{w id Oglcf, G{clw

• R~m}cocfgcf @ GJFI^, Gfkgc

• R~}nra J ] KOG Billnjn id Nfjgfnn}gfj, Banffcg, Gfkgc

• [~lg`c Ucfknw Knuc}{onf{ id Gfdi}oc{gif cfk [nbafilijw / JiG, Gfkgc

• Tcr~kac Mac{fcjc} ^fgtn}rg{w id Knlag, Gfkgc

• Tnf`c{c}cocfg W Rc}cfc{acf Billnjn id Nfjgfnn}gfj, Gfkgc

• Tn}oc ] R Higf{ Kg}nb{i}, Knuc}{onf{ id Gfdi}oc{gif cfk [nbafilijw / JiG, Gfkgc

• Tghcwclc`raog @ Onubi Rbalnf` Nfjgfnn}gfj Billnjn, Gfkgc

• Tghcwclc`raog R Tnlli}n Gfr{g{~{n id [nbafilijw, Gfkgc

• Tglln L~i{ifnf An}ogc Lgog{nk, Rucgf

• Tgoclc Mclc`}grafcf ^fgtn}rg{w id Oclcwc, Oclcwrgc



• Tgraf~u}crck Fcjckntc}c Gfkgcf Gfr{g{~{n id Ocfcjnonf{ / Mcfjcli}n, Gfkgc

• Zcfj Zng ^fgtn}rg{w id Fi{{gfjaco, Oclcwrgc

• W~lng Z~ Bagfnrn Cbcknow id Rbgnfbnr, Bagfc



Uc}{ ‒ G

U}ibnnkgfjr id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if

Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr ‒ =53=

GBBC ‑3=

Til~on ;

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ 3

zzz&crkd&i}j&gf § =53= 88 [nbafi Di}~o ]nrnc}ba cfk Kntnliuonf{ Bnf{}n, Uifkgban}}w, Gfkgc zzz&gbbc&i}j&gf



U}ib& id {an Gf{l& Bifd& if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr ‒

Til~on 3& Biuw}gja{ § =53= [nbafi Di}~o J}i~u, Gfkgc&GRMF8 7:1/13/7=5>:>/:/4 88 kig8 35& :;=53)GRMFY5:41

CBO "8 kmn}&gon}c&35& :;=53

CMR[]CB[/ A~ocf Biou~{n} gf{n}cb{gif gf {an dgnlk

id gfu~{ cfk i~{u~{ {nbafgs~nr acr kntnliunk c li{ id fnz

{nbafgs~nr itn} {an lcr{ dnz wnc}r& Zg{a {an }nbnf{lw }nlncrnk

d~ll o~l{g/{i~ba {cmln{r cfk fi{nmii`r {an zcw aiz uniuln

gf{n}cb{ zg{a {an biou~{n} gr biogfj {i c fnz kgonfrgif& Cr

a~ocfr c}n ~rnk {i acfkln {agfjr zg{a {ang} acfkr {an

{nbafilijw id o~l{g/{i~ba kgrulcwr i} {i~bauck*r m}i~ja{

o~ba oi}n biftnfgnfbn di} ~rn gf kcglw lgdn& M~{ di} r~}n {an

~rcjn id a~ocf runnba }nbijfg{gif zgll clri ulcw cf

goui}{cf{ uc}{ gf {an d~{~}n id a~ocf biou~{n} gf{n}cb{gif&[agr ucun} gf{}ik~bnr {nbafgs~nr cfk kntgbnr ~rgfj {an

a~ocfr acfk jnr{~}nr di} {an ~rn zg{a o~l{g/{i~ba {cmln{r

cfk tgkni }nbijfg{gif cfk {nbafgs~nr di} tigbn gf{n}cb{gif&

[an}nmw {an jnr{~}n cfk runnba }nbijfg{gif {c`n cf

goui}{cf{ }iln cr {anrn c}n {an ocgf bioo~fgbc{gif on{aikr

mn{znnf a~ocfr cfk aiz {anw bi~lk kgr}~u{ {an `nwmic}k i}

oi~rn cr zn `fiz g{ {ikcw&

@nwzi}kr/Ogb}irid{ r~}dcbn,Kgrulcq {o,J^G n{b

G& GF[]IK^B[GIF

Cr onf{gifnk mndi}n, o~ba zi}` gf {an rnb{i} id a~ocf biou~{n} gf{n}cb{gif, gf {an dgnlk id gfu~{ cfk

i~{u~{ {nbafgs~nr, acr mnnf ockn rgfbn {an lcr{ wnc}r&Fiz rgfbn {an }nlncrn id {an o~l{g/{i~ba {cmln{r cfk

fi{nmii`r, rion id {anrn kntnliunk o~l{g/{i~ba

{nbafgs~nr c}n biogfj gf{i u}cb{gbcl ~rcjn& [a~r g{ zgll

r~}nlw {c`n fi{ o~ba {gon {ac{ riuagr{gbc{nk {nbafgs~nr

zgll nfacfbn {anrn {nbafgs~nr di} a~ocf jnr{~}n i} tigbn

kn{nb{gif& [anrn {zi fnz on{aikr zgll di} r~}n ulcw cf

goui}{cf{ }iln id aiz {an ABG gf d~{~}n zgll bacfjn cfk

aiz uniuln bcf gf{n}cb{ oi}n ncrglw zg{a {ang} biou~{n} gf

kcglw lgdn&

Anzn{{, n{ cl kndgfnk {ac{ -A~ocf biou~{n}

gf{n}cb{gif gr c kgrbgulgfn bifbn}fnk zg{a {an knrgjf,

ntcl~c{gif cfk goulnonf{c{gif id gf{n}cb{gtn biou~{gfj

rwr{nor di} a~ocf ~rn cfk zg{a {an r{~kw id ochi}uanfionfc r~}}i~fkgfj {ano& Ri rgfbn {an gftnf{gif id

{an A~ocf Biou~{n} Gf{n}dcbn gf {an 37:5r c{ Qn}iq Uc}`,

zn c}n ~rnk {i actn c oi~rn cfk c `nwmic}k {i gf{n}cb{

zg{a {an biou~{n} cfk {i actn {an rb}nnf cr c rgouln

i~{u~{ kntgbn& Zg{a ~ubiogfj fnz {nbafilijgnr {anrnkntgbnr c}n oi}n cfk oi}n biftn}{gfj zg{a ncba i{an} i}

riuagr{gbc{nk on{aikr c}n }n ulcbgfj {ano& [an}ndi}n {agr

ucun} ocgflw knclr zg{a {anrn fnz kntnliuonf{r, aiz

{anw rai~lk mn goulnonf{nk gf d~{~}n cfk aiz {anw bi~lk

gfdl~nfbn cfk bacfjn {an kcglw biou~{n} gf{n}cb{gif&

Di} nqcouln zg{a {an {nbafgs~nr ~rnk di} o~l{g/{i~ba

kntgbnr, knrb}gmnk gf rnb{gif =&3, {an rb}nnf }nbnf{lw

mnbionr c fnz gfu~{ cfk i~{u~{ {iil gf ifn kntgbn& Gf

kigfj ri g{ gr rnnf {ac{ {an}n gr fi fnnk di} nq{}c gfu~{

kntgbnr& [a~r ntnf {agr dcb{ gr c biouln{nlw fnz zcw, crzn c}n ~rnk {i actgfj oi}n {acf h~r{ ifn kntgbn& Gfbl~knk

gf rnb{gif =&= gr cfi{an} czc}kgfj on{aik bifbn}fgfj

a~ocf jnr{~}n gf{n}cb{gif gf {an dgnlk id kn{nb{gfj jnr{~}nr

tgc tgkni kntgbnr9 Gf rnb{gif =&2 {anf cfi{an} d~{~}n{nbafgs~n gr uigf{nk i~{ zagba gr bifbn}fnk zg{a {an

a~ocf runnba kn{nb{gif cr cf gfu~{ on{aik& Rnb{gif =&;

{anf knclr zg{a c on{aik id ~rgfj {an biomgfc{gif id

tgkni cfk runnba kn{nb{gif& Cd{n} {anrn rnb{gifr cmi~{ {ankgddn}nf{ {wunr id }nbnf{ a~ocf biou~{n} gf{n}cb{gif zi}`

{an rnb{gif 2 {anf knclr zg{a {an iuui}{~fg{gnr id {anrn

fnz {nbafgs~nr cfk aiz {anw bcf mn ~rnk gf d~{~}n

nrunbgcllw aiz lgdn bcf mn bacfjnk& G{ gr {anf clri uigf{nk

i~{ gf zagba dgnlk {anrn fnz kntnliuonf{r bcf mn ckiu{nk&

GG& ]NBNF[ KNTNLIUONF[R

A~ocf jnr{~}nr cfk {an a~ocf runnba c}n {an oir{

gf{~g{gtn oi{gifr zagba a~ocfr ~rn {i bioo~fgbc{n zg{ancba i{an}& Cl {ai~ja cd{n} {an gftnf{gif id {an oi~rn cfk

{an `nwmic}k, fi d~}{an} kntgbnr zagba

bi~lk }nulcbn {agr {zi imhnb{r cr c biou~{n} gfu~{on{aik actn mnnf kntnliunk& ]nlc{gfj {i {an dcb{ {ac{ g{

c}n oi}n a~ocf lg`n on{aikr id c li{ id }nrnc}ba id aiz

{agr dcb{ bcf mn ~rnk di} bioo~fgbc{gif mn{znnf

biou~{n}r cfk a~ocf mngfjr acr mnnf kifn& Cr {an}n c}n

rion kgddn}nf{ zcwr id aiz jnr{~}nr rai~lk mn ~rnk cr

gfu~{ {agr rnb{gif gr kgtgknk gf{i o~l{g/{i~ba, tgkni,

runnba cfk o~{lg/oikcl gf{n}cb{gif Rnb{gifr& Fizckcwr

{an}n c}n cl}nckw ocfw {cmln{r zg{a {i~ba rb}nnfr ctcglcmlncfk zg{a {an fnz Cuuln gUck c fnz d~ll o~l{g/{i~ba

u}ik~b{ acr mnnf }nlncrnk& M~{ {an}n gr clri c {}nfkfi{gbncmln {ac{ {anrn on{aikr bcf clri mn ~rnk if mgjjn}

rb}nnfr lg`n {an cuu}icba id Oglln} i} Ogb}irid{*r R~}dcbn,

iflw {i onf{gif {anrn {zi& [a~r {an {}nfk gr jigfj oi}n

cfk oi}n fi{ iflw gf {an kg}nb{gif id on}jgfj gfu~{ cfki~{u~{ kntgbnr m~{ }c{an} ~rgfj ntn}w r~}dcbn cr cf gfu~{

cfk i~{u~{ dcbglg{w& Gf {agr }nlc{gif {an tgkni gr mnbiogfj

id j}nc{n} gf{n}nr{ cr g{ ~rnr {an d~ll }cfjn id a~ocf oi{gif

jnr{~}nr cfk g{ gr ~rcmln if cfw j}i~fk& Gf {an nfk {an

gfu~{ tgc runnba clri {c`nr c uc}{ gf {an ABG cr g{ gr {an

a~ocf*r ncrgnr{ zcw {i bioo~fgbc{n, m~{ di} r~}nrion{agfj biouln{nlw kgddn}nf{, biouc}nk zg{a {an i{an}

{zi {wunr id gfu~{ cfk i~{u~{ on{aikr, cr g{ gr oi}n cf

clji}g{ao {acf c kntgbn& [an biomgfc{gif id kgddn}nf{

D~{~}n A~ocf Biou~{n} Gf{n}cb{gif zg{a runbgcl dib~r if gfu~{ cfk

i~{u~{ {nbafgs~nrU&C&Rc{agra`~oc}

Knuc}{onf{8 Biou~{n} Rbgnfbn cfk Nfjgfnn}gfj

I}jcfgxc{gif8 Bacfkw billnjn id Nfjgfnn}gfj [~{gbi}gf,Gfkgc

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuul gbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ =




gfu~{ on{aikr, bcllnk o~l{g/oikcl gf{n}cb{gif, gr {anf

knrb}gmnk gf {an lcr{ Rnb{gif&

M& O~l{g/[i~ba Kntgbnr

Cr onf{gifnk mndi}n {agr rnb{gif gr knclgfj zg{a {an{nbafgs~n id {an }nbnf{lw }nlncrnk o~l{g/{i~ba kntgbnr cfkzg{a rion fnz nfacfbnk cuu}icbanr& [agr on{aik gr fiz

mnbiogfj biooif gf {an {cmln{ ub*r lg`n di} nqcouln {an

fnz Cuuln gUck gf {an rnb{i} id fi{nmii`r cfk {an AU

[i~ba Roc}{ gf {an knr`{iu rnb{i}& [an}nmw {an rb}nnf

mnbionr cf gfu~{ cfk i~{u~{ kntgbn& M~{ o~l{g/{i~ba gr

clri ~rnk {ikcw gf ocfw fi}ocl {i~ba uckr zagba c}n

iddn}gfj di~}/dgfjn} fctgjc{gif& Zg{a {agr gftnf{gif id c

fnz a~ocf biou~{n} gf{n}cb{gif ocfw oi}n zi}` gf {agr

rnb{i} acr mnnf kifn cfk rai~lk riifn} i} lc{n} clri bion

gf{i u}cb{gbcl ~rn& Fizckcwr {an ~rcjn id {i~ba rb}nnfr

cfk o~l{g/{i~ba uckr rnnor {i mn }ncllw biooif cfk {ac{

{agr gr jigfj {i mn {an d~{~}n id a~ocf biou~{n}gf{n}cb{gif, m~{ {an}n gr di} r~}n oi}n nfacfbnonf{r zagba

bcf mn rnnf gf ocfw cuu}icbanr& Gf {an dgnlk id o~l{g/

{i~ba u}ik~b{r {an {}nfk {i mgjjn} {i~ba uckr gf {n}or id

o~l{g/{i~ba rb}nnfr bcf mn rnnf& [an}ndi}n {an {nbafgs~n

id c rgfjln/{i~ba {i~bauck cr g{ gr `fizf d}io di}on}

fi{nmii`r gr nfacfbnk cfk oi}n dgfjn}r iddn}gfj fc{~}cl

a~ocf acfk jnr{~}nr bcf mn ~rnk& [a~r {an ~rn} bcf ~rn

~u {i 35 dgfjn}r {i d~llw bif{}il {agfjr zg{a mi{a acfkr crzg{a {an 35)J^G rwr{no zagba ]& Blcw{if Oglln} P=_

gf{}ik~bnk gf =557& Zg{a cfi{an} ~ubiogfj {iil ntnf {an

~rcjn id cfw r~}dcbn di} r~ba c {i~ba rb}nnf bcf mn ~rnk gf

d~{~}n, lg`n di} {an nqcouln Kgrulcq[OO~l{g{i~ba

[nbafilijwd}io KGRULCQ[OGf{n}cb{gtnRwr{nor& D}io{anrn nqcoulnr g{ bcf mn blnc}lw rnnf {ac{ fnz agja

ui{nf{gcl {nbafgs~nr c}n u~ragfj gf{i {an oc}`n{ cfk c}n

jigfj {i }nulcbn {an Cuuln*r gUck cfk Ogb}irid{*r R~}dcbn&

Gf {an fnq{ dillizgfj rnb{gifr {anrn fnz {iilr cfk clri {an

}nlc{nk kntgbnr zagba c}n cl}nckw gf {an oc}`n{ c}n

knrb}gmnk gf kn{cgl&

C& gUck

[an }nbnf{lw gf{}ik~bnk gUck d}io Cuuln gr ifn id {an

ocfw goulnonf{c{gifr id d~ll o~l{g/{i~ba kgrulcwr

zan}ncr g{ gr c biouln{nlw fnz zcw aiz uniuln bcf

gf{n}cb{ zg{a {ang} biou~{n}& [a~r {an uirrgmglg{w {i ~rn {an

rb}nnf fi{ iflw cr c rgfjln/{i~ba kgrulcw gr {c`gfj {anA~ocf Biou~{n} Gf{n}cb{gif {i {an fnq{ lntnl& Zg{a {an

gf{}ik~bnk gUck g{ gr uirrgmln {i ~rn cll {an dgfjn}oitnonf{r zagba c}n clri uirrgmln zg{a {an m~glk/gf o~l{g

{i~bauck*r gf {an Cuuln OcbMii`r {ac{ bcf mn di~fk if

{an Cuuln aionucjn& Gf kigfj ri {an ~rn} gr cmln {i ~rn ~u

{i di~} dgfjn}r c{ {an rcon {gon {i fctgjc{n {a}i~ja {an

gf{n}dcbn& Di} nqcouln {zi dgfjn}r bcf mn ~rnk {i xiio

cfk di~} dgfjn}r {i m}izrn {a}i~ja zgfkizr& Zg{a ~rgfj

{an rb}nnf cr c mgj {i~bauck {an {nbafgs~nr id {an fi}ocl

{i~bauck actn mnnf nfacfbnk& Cl{ai~ja {agr {nbafgs~n gr

h~r{ {an mnjgffgfj id {an fnz o~l{g/{i~ba kgrulcw

}ntil~{gif zagba zgll mn di} r~}n nqucfknk mw gfb}ncrgfj

{an kgrulcw rgxn&Cuuln‗r Aionucjn

a{{u8))zzz&cuuln&bio

M& Ogb}irid{ R~}dcbn

Ogb}irid{*r bcllnk {ang} nqcouln id c o~l{g/{i~ba

rb}nnf h~r{ rgoulw -R~}dcbn-& Zg{a {agr {iil {anw jnfn}c{nk

c lc}jn {i~ba rb}nnf {cmln{iu biou~{n}& [an}ndi}n {anw c}n~rgfj gfd}c}nk bcon}cr di} }nbijfg{gif id imhnb{r {ac{ c}n

~rnk if {agr rb}nnf& Cf imhnb{ bcfr {an}nmw {an a~ocf

dgfjn}r i} ntnf i{an} {cjjnk g{nor zagba bcf mn ulcbnk if

{an rb}nnf& Zg{a {agr iuui}{~fg{w {an kntgbn r~uui}{r

}nbijfg{gif id a~ocf*r fc{~}cl acfk jnr{~}nr cr znll cr

gf{n}cb{gif zg{a }ncl imhnb{r cfk racun }nbijfg{gif& Zg{a{agr iuui}{~fg{w fi nq{}c kntgbnr c}n }ns~g}nk di} c ~rcjn

id {agr {iil cfk gf{n}cb{gif bcf mn ockn kg}nb{lw zg{a {an

acfkr& Zg{a {an lc}jn 25 gfba kgrulcw ntnf oi}n uniuln

{anf iflw ifn un}rif c{ {an rcon {gon bcf gf{n}cb{ zg{a {an

rwr{no cfk zg{a ncba i{an} c{ {an rcon {gon& [an

}nbijfg{gif id {an imhnb{r ulcbnk if {an {cmln {iu ub {anf

u}itgknr oi}n gfdi}oc{gif cfk gf{n}cb{gif& Ri g{ gr un}acuruirrgmln {i m}izrn {a}i~ja kgddn}nf{ gfdi}oc{gif onf~r

cmi~{ {an ulcbnk g{no cfk im{cgf oi}n kgjg{cl gfdi}oc{gif&

If {an i{an} acfk {an rgxn id {an kgrulcw cfk {an {an}ndi}n

fnnknk gfd}c}nk bcon}cr ~fkn}fnc{a gr lnckgfj {i cf

gfb}ncrn id rgxn& [a~r {an {iil gr ocgflw knrgjfnk di}

r{c{gifc}w ~rn, lg`n di} nqcouln cr c fi}ocl {cmln zg{a

zagba g{ gr {anf uirrgmln {i gf{n}cb{ zg{a&

B& 35)J^G

[an 35)J^G rwr{no zagba Oglln} gftnf{nk gr cf

nfacfbnk {i~bauck di} knr`{iu biou~{n} u~}uirn zagba

bcf }nbijfgxn 35 dgfjn}r& Zg{a {agr iuui}{~fg{w a~ocf

mngfjr bcf gf{n}cb{ zg{a {an biou~{n} zg{a mi{a acfkr cfk

~rn g{ cr c {}cb`gfj cfk ocwmn clri cr c `nwmic}k kntgbn&[an}ndi}n Oglln} knrgjfnk {agr fnz {i~ba r~}dcbn {iil

nrunbgcllw di} ~rn gf {an knr`{iu dgnlk&

[i actn {an mnr{ n}jifiogbcllw uirg{gif an c}j~nr {ac{

g{ gr mn{{n} {i actn c d~ll o~l{g/{i~ba uck gf d}if{ id c

rb}nnf cr {an `nwmic}k cfk oi~rn }nulcbnonf{ {anf

actgfj {an zailn rb}nnf cr cf gfu~{ kntgbn, lg`n g{ gr

`fizf d}io i{an} {i~ba/rb}nnfr& [agr fitnl rwr{no gr c

zailn kgddn}nf{ on{aik id biou~{n} gf{n}cb{gif cfk gr

nq{nfknk zg{a c runbgcl j}cuagbcl ~rn} gf{n}dcbn di} c d~ll

~rn id cll 35 dgfjn}r& [an oir{ }noc}`cmln {agfj cmi~{ {agr

{i~bauck nqbnu{ {an }nbijfg{gif id oi}n dgfjn}r gr clri {an

u}nrr~}n kn{nb{gif id ntn}w dgfjn}, zagba gr kg}nb{lw r{c{nk

if {an rb}nnf& [an}ndi}n ntn}w dgfjn} bcf mn ~rnk cr cuigf{gfj kntgbn lg`n {an oi~rn& Zg{a {agr dnc{~}n g{ bcf mn

clri ~rnk gf d~{~}n cr c `nwmic}k gf {an kcglw ~rnk uirg{gif

id {an acfkr, zg{ai~{ {an fnnk id rnlnb{gfj Ln{{n}r zg{a

iflw ifn dgfjn}& M~{ di} r~}n {agr dg}r{ kntnliuonf{ id {an

35) J^G gr ocgflw bifbn}fnk zg{a actgfj {an 35 dgfjn}r cb{

gfr{nck id {an oi~rn,- cr ocfw cb{gtg{gnr {ikcw fnnk iflw c

oi~rn cfk zgfkiznk gfdi}oc{gif kgrulcw if {an {iu id

{ac{&&&-

[an i{an} gffitc{gif id {agr rwr{no gr g{r runbgcl

knrgjfnk ~rn} gf{n}dcbn di} {an ~rcjn id {anrn 35 dgfjn}r&

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oc`n ~r dnnl rcdn}, acuugn} cfk oi}n biffnb{nk9 I} zglllgtgfj zg{a {nbafilijw oc`n g{ oi}n {g}nrion, d}~r{}c{gfj,cfjr{/ }gkknf, cfk rnb~}g{w/k}gtnf9

T&NQGR[GFJ ]NRNC]BANR CFK [ANG] GOUN]DNB[GIFR

C&[an Rgq{a Rnfrn

[an Rgq{a Rnfrn u}i{i{wun gr biou}grnk id c uib`n{u}ihnb{i}, c og}}i} cfk c bcon}c& [an ac}kzc}n biouifnf{rc}n bi~ulnk gf c unfkcf{ lg`n oimgln znc}cmln kntgbn& Mi{a{an u}ihnb{i} cfk {an bcon}c c}n biffnb{nk {i {an oimglnbiou~{gfj kntgbn gf {an ~rn}‗r uib`n{& [an u}ihnb{i} u}ihnb{rtgr~cl gfdi}oc{gif nfcmlgfj r~}dcbnr, zcllr cfk uawrgbclimhnb{r c}i~fk ~r {i mn ~rnk cr gf{n}dcbnr0 zagln {an bcon}c





g

g

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GG&[AN

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n Rwr{no bi}nb{lw if {ann Gfd}c}nk na{r gf d}if{ ianf c r{wl~r,k, kndlnb{r {aon}c rnfrnr

k rnfkr {i {af{}illn} bift{c cfk rnfou~{n}&i~rn bif{}i}kgfc{nr crior, blgb`rrg{gif&

k imhnb{ tgrgmlg{

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r{gll bcucmln

nk zagba jg

P4_

s~g}nr oi~rnnf{ rbnfc}gi&n}gnr id Gfd}c

i mnagfk {agrntgbn {i gf{n}gfjn}r gfr{nck

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g

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rnfrnk mw {angknf{gdgnk c{ }

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fj oiknl bcf{gifr cbbi}kgbcon}c c}n gff{gon di} u}i

kgrulcwgfj bif{

fj id nog{{n} cfk

K oiknl id jijj

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ba b}nc{~}nr iulnq gf {ang}

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a{{u8))ojg{nbn{nu}ihnb{i}/uaif

a{{u8))nlnb{}ifgb

a{{u8))zzz&nfjlgja{gfj/di}/uir

}n 1& Kn{nb{nk d

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mn} id uirrgbcf mn gfb}

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a lii`r c{ {gfkr id {nbaftn}, {an r~bb

rwr{no gr gc{ c jgtnf od acmg{, {anwfnnkr cfk knr

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r ‒ [an Uin{ cfk

nf u}gfbgulnr di}

cnr& Rgq{aRnfrnr id RGJJ]C

ba&zi}ku}nrr&bi )

r&aizr{~ddzi}`r

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MGLG[GNR

glg{gnr zg{a {acrnk mw ckkgc}ba bcf u}

l Zi}lk Gf{n}c

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an fnnk id ilijgnr {ac{ brr id }nrnc}bdn}}gfj c un

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{an Biou~{n}, 3

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)=533)51)32)rc

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52)54)uaglgur/{}c/ocr`)

imr'

gr }nrnc}ba zfj Ml~n{ii{aitn g{rnld crb{gif&

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44

nr{~}cl Gf{n}dcbnR`n{ba& Wi`iac

r~fj/mnco/

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fk{iiffr}wfk

& Gfoc,





U}ib& id {an Gf{l& Bifd& if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr ‒ Til~on 3& Biuw}gja{ § =53= [nbafi Di}~o J}i~u, Gfkgc&

GRMF8 7:1/13/7=5>:>/:/4 88 kig8 35& :;===)GRMFY5:41

CBO "8 kmn}&gon}c&35& :;===

If{ilijw Mcrnk S~nr{gif Cfrzn}gfj di} Cj}gb~l{~}n Kiocgf

C}ghg{ Kn[c{c Bifr~l{cfbw Rn}tgbnr

Wcf{}c Uc}`, = Ui`a}cf ]ick

[acfn !Z', O~omcg, Gfkgc, ;55453,

Cmr{}cb{‛Zg{a {an cktnf{ id {an rnocf{gb znm, if{ilijgnr cr

`fizlnkjn }nu}nrnf{c{gif r{}~b{~}nr actn jcgfnk goonfrn

uiu~lc}g{w& If{ilijgnr actn mnnf ~rnk tn}w nddnb{gtnlw gf

}nu}nrnf{gfj kiocgf `fizlnkjn di} kiocgf/runbgdgb

Gfdi}oc{gif ]n{}gntcl !G]' cfk S~nr{gif Cfrzn}gfj {ac{

}ns~g}n Gfdi}oc{gif Nq{}cb{gif cfk Fc{~}cl Lcfj~cjn

U}ibnrrgfj {nbafgs~nr di} s~n}w uc}rgfj cfk ~fkn}r{cfkgfj&

Gf {agr ucun} zn u}iuirn cf c~{ioc{nk s~nr{gif cfrzn}gfjrwr{no di} {an cj}gb~l{~}n kiocgf, {ac{ ~rnr j}cua clji}g{aor

{i nq{}cb{ cfrzn}r {i ~rn} s~nr{gifr r{i}nk gfrgkn c cj}i/

if{ilijw if{ilijw& Zn ntcl~c{n i~} rwr{no ~rgfj r{cfkc}k

s~nr{gifr cr`nk mw dc}on}r {i oncr~}n cbb~}cbw gf {n}or id

u}nbgrgif cfk }nbcll& Zn biouc}n {an un}di}ocfbn id i~}

rwr{no zg{a {an zgknlw uiu~lc} Cs~cLij rwr{no zanf {an

lc{{n} gr bifdgj~}nk di} {an cj}gb~l{~}n kiocgf& I~}

nqun}gonf{r knoifr{}c{n {an r~un}gi} un}di}ocfbn id i~}

rwr{no&

Rnocf{gb Rnc}ba Rwr{nor, @fizlnkjn Mcrnk Rwr{nor,If{ilijw, Gfdi}oc{gif ]n{}gntcl&

G& G F[]IK^B[GIF

[an rnocf{gb znm zcr lc}jnlw cf nddi}{ {i i}jcfgxn {anawun}{nq{ bif{nf{ id {an Zi}lk Zgkn Znm !ZZZ' gf{i clc}jn i}jcfgxnk }nuirg{i}w id kiocgf `fizlnkjn {ac{ bi~lk

mn ogfnk mw c~{ioc{nk gf{nllgjnf{ cjnf{r {i u}itgkn oi}noncfgfjd~l gfdi}oc{gif di} gfdi}oc{gif rnn`n}r& Gf i}kn} {i{}cfrdi}o {an o~l{g/onkgc cfk {nq{ }nuirg{i}w bif{cgfnkzg{agf {an ZZZ gf{i c `fizlnkjn }nuirg{i}w, rbgnf{gr{rcfk `fizlnkjn nfjgfnn}r bcon mi}}iznk {an bifbnu{ id if{ilijw i~{ id uagliriuaw& If{ilijw zagba gf uagliriuawzcr {an rbgnfbn id mngfj zcr kndgfnk cr !Bacfk}crn`ac}cfP3_' c di}ocl bifbnu{~clgxc{gif id c kiocgf i} r~mhnb{oc{{n} `fizlnkjn& [an rnocf{gb znm knoifr{}c{nk aizif{ilijgnr bi~lk mn ~rnk nddnb{gtnlw gf }nu}nrnf{gfj kiocgf

`fizlnkjn& [an ~rn id If{ilijgnr acr jifn dc} mnwifk {anrnocf{gb znm& If{ilijgnr actn mnbion c uiu~lc} baigbn crkiocgf `fizlnkjn }nu}nrnf{c{gif r{}~b{~}nr di} Gfdi}oc{gif]n{}gntcl !G]', S~nr{gif Cfrzn}gfj !SC', Gfdi}oc{gifNq{}cb{gif !GN' cfk c air{ id i{an} Gfdi}oc{gif Rwr{nor !GR'cuulgbc{gifr&

Gf {agr ucun} zn u}iuirn cf if{ilijw mcrnk s~nr{gifcfrzn}gfj rwr{no di} {an cj}gb~l{~}n kiocgf& Zn r{c}{ idd kgrb~rrgfj i~} u}iuirnk rwr{no cr c bifbnu{~cl kiocgf

gfknunfknf{ c~{ioc{nk s~nr{gif cfrzn}gfj rwr{no {ac{ ~rnrif{ilijgnr cr {an u}goc}w `fizlnkjn mcrn di} s~nr{gifcfrzn}gfj& I~} s~nr{gif cfrzn}gfj rwr{no {}nc{r {ankiocgf if{ilijw cr biomgfc{i}gcl kgj}cua {ac{ zi~lk mn{}ctn}rnk ~rgfj {}ckg{gifcl j}cua clji}g{aor& Zn {anfkgrb~rr {an runbgdgbr id c cj}gb~l{~}n kiocgf runbgdgb

s~nr{gif cfrzn}gfj rwr{no {ac{ cfrzn}r s~nr{gifr u~{di}zc}k mw dc}on}r cfk cj}i/cktgri}r lntn}cjgfj cfif{ilijw cr {an riln `fizlnkjn mcrn& Zn nqun}gonf{ zg{ar{cfkc}k s~n}gnr cr`nk gf {agr kiocgf {i kn{n}ogfn {ancbb~}cbw id {an c~{ioc{nk cj}i/s~nr{gif cfrzn}gfj rwr{no

m~gl{& Zn clri dnnk {an rcon s~n}gnr {i {an zgknlw uiu~lc} Cs~cLij P=_ s~nr{gif cfrzn}gfj rwr{no zagba zn}nbifdgj~}n di} {an cj}gb~l{~}n kiocgf& Zn biouc}n cfkbif{}cr{ {an un}di}ocfbn id i~} rwr{no zg{a {ac{ id Cs~cLij&

I~} ucun} gr i}jcfgxnk cr dillizr& Gf {an fnq{ rnb{gif,zn knrb}gmn u}ntgi~r zi}` gf {agr c}nc& [agr gfbl~knr ckgrb~rrgif if `nw biouifnf{r id if{ilijgnr, if{ilijwcuulgbc{gifr gf G], GN cfk SC& [agr gfbl~knr c kn{cglnk

knrb}gu{gif id Cs~cLij cfk i~} }nbifdgj~}c{gif id Cs~cLij, cr {agr gr {an mnfbaoc}` rwr{no di} i~} nqun}gonf{r& Zn clri kgrb~rr r{cfkc}k cj}i/if{ilijgnr gf{agr rnb{gif& Gf Rnb{gif 2, zn kgrb~rr i~} u}iuirnk{ani}n{gbcl if{ilijw/mcrnk s~nr{gif cfrzn}gfj rwr{no&R~mrns~nf{lw Rnb{gif ; zn kgrb~rr, {an knrgjf id i~} cj}i/if{ilijw cfk i~} if{ilijw mcrnk c~{ioc{nk s~nr{gifcfrzn}gfj rwr{no di} {an cj}gb~l{~}n kiocgf& Rnb{gif > znkgrb~rrnr i~} nqun}gonf{r cfk zn bifbl~kn i~} ucun} zg{ac kgrb~rrgif if d~{~}n zi}` cfk aiz cf if{ilijw/mcrnks~nr{gif cfrzn}gfj rwr{no bcf mn c r~m/rwr{no gf c m}ickn} c~{ioc{nk s~nr{gif cfrzn}gfj ulc{di}o&

GG& U]NTGI^R ZI]@

Cr onf{gifnk nc}lgn}, if{ilijgnr c}n r{}~b{~}nr di} }nu}nrnf{gfj kiocgf `fizlnkjn& C dg}r{ r{nu gf if{ilijw

m~glkgfj gftiltnr gknf{gdwgfj kiocgf runbgdgb bifbnu{r cfknf{g{gnr& [anrn c}n oiknlnk gf{i m}ickn} blcrrnr, gfkgtgk~clr{ac{ mnlifj {i {anrn blcrrnr cfk blcrr cfk gfkgtgk~clc{{}gm~{nr i} u}iun}{gnr& [an }nlc{gifragu mn{znnf {anrnblcrrnr cfk gfkgtgk~clr c}n nr{cmlgrank cfk }nu}nrnf{nk crimhnb{ u}iun}{gnr& ]nlc{gifragu mn{znnf blcrrnr cfkgfkgtgk~clr c}n biffnb{nk {a}i~ja c j}cua lg`n r{}~b{~}nzan}n ncba fikn }nu}nrnf{r c blcrr i} cf gfkgtgk~cl cfk cimhnb{ u}iun}{w gr cf nkjn biffnb{gfj {zi fiknr {ac{kndgfnr c }nlc{gifragu mn{znnf {ano& If{ilijgnr {a~rbifrgr{ id !3' gfkgtgk~clr nf{g{gnr {ac{ actn runbgdgb

u}iun}{gnr& !=' blcrrnr {ac{ c}n j}i~ur id gfkgtgk~clr zg{a

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuul gbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ 3=




biooif u}iun}{gnr {ac{ bac}cb{n}gxn {ano, !2' cqgior cfk}~lnr zagba kndgfn fnbnrrc}w cfk r~ddgbgnf{ bifkg{gifr di} onomn}ragu gf runbgdgb blcrrnr, !;' imhnb{ u}iun}{gnr {ac{anlu nr{cmlgra }nlc{gifragu mn{znnf kgddn}nf{ blcrrnr i} gfkgtgk~clr cfk c}n }nu}nrnf{nk cr nkjnr gf {an if{ilijwj}cua, !>' kc{c u}iun}{gnr {ac{ ntn}w nf{g{w !blcrr i} gfkgtgk~cl' uirrnrrnr, !4' cffi{c{gif U}iun}{gnr {ac{ ailkckkg{gifcl gfdi}oc{gif cmi~{ c uc}{gb~lc} blcrr {ac{ bcf fi{

mn oiknlnk i{an}zgrn& Blcrrnr cfk gfkgtgk~clr di}o fiknrgf {an if{ilijw j}cua cfk imhnb{ u}iun}{gnr di} {an nkjnr&

If{ilijgnr }ns~g}n di}ocl knrb}gu{gif lcfj~cjnr di} {ang} bifr{}~b{gif& C uiu~lc} di}ocl lcfj~cjn di} }nu}nrnf{gfj cf if{ilijw gr ]nri~}bn Knrb}gu{gifD}conzi}` !]KD' cfk g{r nq{nfrgif Znm If{ilijwLcfj~cjn !IZL'& ]KD knrb}gmnk mw @lwfn P3;_, gr cfnq{nfrgif id QOL cfk gr ~rnk {i b}nc{n c bifbnu{~cl oiknldi} }nu}nrnf{gfj {an `fizlnkjn r{}~b{~}n id c kiocgf&Mnbaaidn} P3=_ u}itgknr lc{nr{ runbgdgbc{gifr id ZnmIf{ilijw Lcfj~cjn !IZL'& IZL nq{nfknk ]KD {i ckkoi}n nqu}nrrgtg{w di} `fizlnkjn }nu}nrnf{c{gif if {anrnocf{gb znm& IZL fi{ iflw u}nrnf{r gfdi}oc{gif di} a~ocf bifr~ou{gif, m~{ bcf mn clri mn ~rnk {i u}ibnrrgfdi}oc{gif bif{nf{& Mnbaaidn} P3=_ knrb}gmn `nwbiouifnf{r id IZL& IZL if{ilijw biouifnf{r gfbl~knblcrrnr, u}iun}{gnr, kndgfgfj gfr{cfbnr cfk g{r iun}c{gifr crkgrb~rrnk nc}lgn}& U}i{çjç P32_ gr c {iil kntnliunk c{R{cfdi}k ^fgtn}rg{w {i b}nc{n if{ilijgnr ~rgfj IZL&

Liunx P=_ m~gl{ Cs~cLij cf if{ilijw mcrnk S~nr{gifCfrzn}gfj !SC'& Lnn P2_ ~rnk if{ilijgnr di} fnzrr~ooc}gxc{gif cfk Zgoclcr~}gwc P;, :_, Z~ P4, 1_

u~mlgrank {an zi}`gfjr id If{ilijw Mcrnk Gfdi}oc{gifNq{}cb{gif Rwr{nor !IMGN'& Z~ P4_ b}nc{nk cf IMGNrwr{no, @wlgf, zagba nq{}cb{r kc{c d}io Zg`gunkgcGfdimiqnr cfk i}jcfgxnr {ano gf {an di}o id cf if{ilijw&Z~ P1_ gou}itnr {an un}di}ocfbn !gf {n}or id }nbcll' id @wlgf d~}{an} gf bcrn id ruc}n blcrrnr& Zgoclcr~}gwc P7_nquli}n {an mnfndg{r id ~rgfj o~l{guln if{ilijgnr zanfkgddn}nf{ if{ilijgnr c}n cuulgnk {i kgddn}nf{ biouifnf{r id cgfdi}oc{gif nq{}cb{gif rwr{no cfk zanf o~l{guln if{ilijgnrc}n cuulgnk {i ncba gfdi}oc{gif nq{}cb{gif rwr{nobiouifnf{& Zgoclcr~}gwc P;_ m~glkr if {agr biouifnf{

mcrnk cuu}icba {i b}nc{gfj IMGN rwr{nor {ac{ bcf mn}n~rnk& [an zi}`r id Zgoclcr~}gwc P;, :_ knoifr{}c{nr {an

mnfndg{r id ~rgfj o~l{guln if{ilijgnr cfk if{ilijw }n~rn&

c&Cj}i If{ilijgnr

Rgfbn {an imhnb{gtn id {agr ucun} gr {i m~glk c if{ilijw mcrnk s~nr{gif cfrzn}gfj rwr{no di} {an cj}gb~l{~}nkiocgf, cfk zi~lk }ns~g}n m~glkgfj cf cj}i/if{ilijw, g{ gr

u}~knf{ {i }ntgnz u}ntgi~r nddi}{r c{ m~glkgfj cj}i/if{ilijgnr& If{ilijgnr gf {an cj}gb~l{~}n kiocgf actn mnnfkntnliunk u}goc}glw di} rac}gfj kiocgf `fizlnkjn gf {andgnlk id cj}gb~l{~}n& [zi b}g{gbcl zi}`r gf b}nc{gfj cj}i/if{ilijgnr c}n {an CJ]ITIB u}ihnb{ P7_ cfk {anCj}iunkgc Gfkgbc u}ihnb{ P35_, kntnliunk mw GG[/@cfu~}&

CJ]ITIB P7_ zcr c ^fg{nk Fc{gifr !^F' Diik cfkCj}gb~l{~}n I}jcfgxc{gif !DCI' gfg{gc{gtn {i m~glk {anzi}lk‗r oir{ nqac~r{gtn o~l{glgfj~cl cj}gb~l{~}cltibcm~lc}w m~gl{ if c r{cfkc}kgxnk kc{c knrb}gu{gif oiknl&

CJ]ITIB gr c}}cfjnk cr rn{ id {n}or cfk {ang} gf{n}/}nlc{gifragur {ac{ }nu}nrnf{ ;5,555 cj}gb~l{~}cl bifbnu{rzi}lk/zgkn bitn}gfj fi{ iflw cj}gb~l{~}n m~{ i{an} }nlc{nk{iugbr {ac{ gfbl~kn di}nr{}w, dgran}gnr, }cfbagfj, lcfk ~rn,}~}cl lgtnlgaiikr cfk kntnliuonf{, diik rnb~}g{w&CJ]ITIB tibcm~lc}w gr gf itn} =5 oir{ uiu~lc} lcfj~cjnr zi}lk zgkn& CJ]ITIB gr clri cf gf{nj}c{nklgf`nk iunf kc{c RIC ulc{di}o di} gf{n}iun}cmglg{w,}n~rcmglg{w cfk biiun}c{gif zg{a i{an} i}jcfgxc{gifr {ac{~rn rgoglc} iunf r{cfkc}kr& TibMnfba gr c o~l{glgfj~cltibcm~lc}w nkg{i} cfk zi}`dliz ocfcjnonf{ {iil ctcglcmlnif {an CJ]ITIB znmucjn {ac{ cllizr di} uc}cllnl cfkkgr{}gm~{nk nkg{gfj id {an o~l{g/lgfj~cl tibcm~lc}w& C jlimclbioo~fg{w id lgm}c}gcfr, {n}ogfilijgr{r, gfdi}oc{gifocfcjn}r cfk rid{zc}n kntnliun}r ~rn TibMnfba di} ocgf{cgfgfj cfk ~ukc{gfj CJ]ITIB& Itn} {an wnc}r,CJ]ITCB if{ilijgnr actn mnnf kizflicknk mw ~rn}r gf ckixnf bi~f{}gnr {i gfknq cfk rnc}ba itn} lc}jn kib~onf{cfk znm billnb{gifr&

Cj}iunkgc Gfkgbc P35_ zcr c u}ihnb{ id {an GfkgcfGfr{g{~{n id [nbafilijw, @cfu~} {i m~glk c ulc{di}o di} kgjg{cl `fizlnkjn ocfcjnonf{ di} cj}gb~l{~}n gf Gfkgc&Cj}iunkgc Gfkgbc acr b}nc{nk c biou}nanfrgtn, rncolnrrlwgf{nj}c{nk oiknl id kgjg{cl gfdi}oc{gif bif{nf{ di} {ancj}gb~l{~}cl kiocgf gf Gfkgc&

Cj}iunkgc Gfkgbc gr c Znm =&5 cuulgbc{gif zan}n`fizlnkjn oiknlr c}n ~rnk {i r{i}n cfk i}jcfgxn bif{nf{b}nc{nk mw tc}gi~r `fizlnkjn cb{i}r {a}i~ja {an Cld}nrbiBif{nf{ Ocfcjnonf{ Rwr{no !BOR' {ac{ cllizr {an`fizlnkjn cb{i} {i ~ulick fi{ iflw {nq{ m~{ clri o~l{gonkgcbif{nf{& Cj}iunkgc clri u}itgknr ~rn}r cfk billcmi}c{i}rzg{a cf nq{nfrgtn {cj lgm}c}w, bcllnk Cj}i{cjr u}itgknk gfNfjlgra, Agfkg cfk D}nfba& [agr b}nc{nr c biooif onkg~odi} `fizlnkjn {}cfrdn} mn{znnf `fizlnkjn cb{i}r&Cj}iunkgc `fizlnkjn oiknlr c}n oir{lw bnf{n}nk ifrunbgdgb b}iur cfk bitn} c m}ick }cfjn id {iugbr lg`ng}}gjc{gif ulcf{ kgrncrn, n{b }nlc{nk {i {an b}iu& Cj}iunkgc`fizlnkjn oiknlr u}itgkn c }gba tibcm~lc}w id b}iu }nlc{nk{n}or& [agr cllizr bif{nf{ {i mn r{i}nk, b}nc{nk, nqbacfjnk,rac}nk cfk ~rnk mw `fizlnkjn cb{i}r& G{ clri nfcmlnrrnocf{gb rnc}ba id bif{nf{ ri b}nc{nk&

c&Cs~cLij&

Cs~cLij gr c If{ilijw Mcrnk S~nr{gif Cfrzn}gfjrwr{no kntnliunk mw Liunx P=_& G{ rn}tnr cr c mnfbaoc}` rwr{no mcrnk if zagba zn biouc}n {an un}di}ocfbn id i~}

u}iuirnk if{ilijw mcrnk SC rwr{no& Anfbn zn ji gf{i}nlc{gtnlw oi}n nlcmi}c{n knrb}gu{gif id Cs~cLij&

S~nr{gif Cfrzn}gfj !SC' rwr{nor u}itgkn cfrzn}r {is~nr{gifr cr`nk gf fc{~}cl lcfj~cjn !FL'& Cl{ai~ja rgoglc} {i `nwzi}k/mcrnk Gfdi}oc{gif ]n{}gntcl !G]' rwr{nor gfd~fb{gifclg{w, {an lc{{n} }n{~}f c rn{ id kib~onf{r {ac{ ogja{bif{cgf gfdi}oc{gif }nlntcf{ {i c s~n}w& If {an i{an} acfkSC rwr{nor }n{~}f c rai}{ cfrzn} {i c s~nr{gif& If{ilijgnrid{nf bif{cgf cf i}jcfgxnk tibcm~lc}w {ac{ gr ~rnd~l gf~fkn}r{cfkgfj ~rn} s~nr{gifr cr`nk gf FL zagba gr id{nfb}g{gbcl {i kgjjgfj ~u {an }gja{ cfrzn}& If{ilijgnr bcf clri

mn ~rnk {i }nu}nrnf{ `fizlnkjn cr c `fizlnkjn mcrn d}iozagba r~g{cmln rai}{ cfrzn}r bcf mn }n{}gntnk& Ln{ ~r





nquli}n aiz Cs~cLij cfrzn}r s~nr{gifr gf fc{~}cllcfj~cjn&

Liunx P=_ kntnliunk c if{ilijw mcrnk s~nr{gif/cfrzn}gfj rwr{no, Cs~cLij {ac{ cfrzn}r s~nr{gifr cr`nkgf fc{~}cl lcfj~cjn ~rgfj c kiocgf/runbgdgb if{ilijw {ac{bcf mn ul~jjnk if{i {an rwr{no& [a}i~ja Cs~cLij, LiunxP=_ knoifr{}c{nk aiz cf if{ilijw mcrnk s~nr{gifcfrzn}gfj rwr{no bcf mn rnuc}c{nk d}io {an kiocgfif{ilijw {ac{ g{ ~rnr {i cfrzn} s~nr{gifr& [an if{ilijw“ul~jr/gf‟ {i {an Cs~cLij rwr{no Cs~cLij, gfbl~knr clnc}fgfj biouifnf{, zagba nfr~}nr {ac{ {an un}di}ocfbn id {an rwr{no gou}itnr itn} {gon, gf }nruifrn {i c uc}{gb~lc} kiocgf& @nw rwr{no biouifnf{r id Cs~cLij c}n !3'Lgfj~gr{gb S~n}w Blcrrgdgn}, !=' ]nlc{gifcl Rgoglc}g{wRn}tgbnr !]RR', cfk !2' Gfdn}nfbn nfjgfn&

[an Lgfj~gr{gb Biouifnf{ ~rnr {an Jnfn}clC}bag{nb{~}n di} [nq{ Nfjgfnn}gfj !JC[N' P>_ CUG cfki{an} }nri~}bnr {i ocu {an Fc{~}cl Lcfj~cjn !FL' gfu~{s~n}w {i c s~n}w {}guln{& Di} nqcouln {an s~n}w “Zai c}n{an }nrnc}ban}r gf {an rnocf{gb znm }nrnc}ba c}nc9‟ gr{}cfrlc{nk {i <un}rif)i}jcfgxc{gif, }nrnc}ban}r, rnocf{gbznm }nrnc}ba c}nc6&

]nlc{gifcl Rgoglc}g{w Rn}tgbnr !]RR' ~rnr Zi}kFn{, ckiocgf knunfknf{ lnqgbif, cfk rgoglc}g{w oc{bagfj {i{}cfrlc{n {an s~n}w {}guln{ d}io {an Lgfj~gr{gb Biouifnf{ {icf if{ilijw biouc{gmln {}guln{& Ri {an lgfj~gr{gb {}guln{<un}rif)i}jcfgxc{gif, }nrnc}ban}r, rnocf{gb znm }nrnc}bac}nc6 jn{r biftn}{nk {i {an if{ilijw {}guln{ <}nrnc}ban},acr/}nrnc}ba/gf{n}nr{, rnocf{gb/znm/c}nc6& [an kiocgfknunfknf{ lnqgbif gr c~{ioc{gbcllw ~ukc{nk {a}i~ja {an ~rnid c Lnc}fgfj Onbacfgro&

Ifn `nw dnc{~}n id ]RR zg{agf Cs~cLij gr {ac{ g{ grgf{n}cb{gtn gf }nriltgfj comgj~g{w& Zanf {an rwr{no gr~fr~}n id aiz {i }nriltn comgj~g{gnr mn{znnf lgfj~gr{gb{n}or i} }nlc{gifr gf cf nddi}{ {i gf{n}u}n{ c s~nr{gif g{ zgllcr` {an ~rn} {i }nriltn g{ ocf~cllw& [an}n gr cf gf/m~gl{lnc}fgfj onbacfgro {ac{ c~{ioc{gbcllw ~ukc{nr {an kiocgfknunfknf{ lnqgbif mcrnk if ~rn} dnnkmcb`& Blcrr Rgoglc}g{wRn}tgbnr gr c r~m/biouifnf{ zg{agf ]RR zagba ocurlgfj~gr{gb {n}or {i if{ilijw blcrrnr& U}iun} fconr c}nocuunk {i gfkgtgk~clr gf {an if{ilijw mw oncfr id {an ~rnid r{cfkc}k r{}gfj kgr{cfbn on{}gbr clji}g{aor& Gd {agrocuugfj dcglr c uc}{gcl ril~{gif gr goulnonf{nk di} cddg}oc{gtn)fnjc{gtn {wun id s~nr{gifr, zan}n zn oc`nrnfrn id s~nr{gifr gf zagba iflw ifn id {zi gfr{cfbnr gr

}nbijfgxnk&Rgfbn ~rn}r bcf cr` s~nr{gifr ~rgfj c lc}jn tibcm~lc}wid {n}or cfk gf{n}u}n{c{gif cfk cfrzn}gfj {ano gr lgog{nk {i{an runbgdgb kiocgf if{ilijw ~rnk, kgrb}nucfbgnr id{nfibb~} mn{znnf {an fc{~}cl lcfj~cjn s~nr{gifr cfk {an rn{ id {n}or gf {an if{ilijw& ]nri~}bnr r~ba cr Zi}kFn{, {ac{

u}itgkn rwfifwor cfk }nlc{nk zi}kr, bcf anlu oc`gfjrnfrn id ~f`fizf {n}or, zagba bi~lk mn kn{nb{nk gf {an`fizlnkjn mcrn& Aizntn}, gf ocfw bcrnr, {an ]RRbiouifnf{ dgfkr g{ kgddgb~l{ {i b}nc{n jnf~gfn if{i/{}gulnd}io {an s~n}w {}guln di}onk mw {an Lgfj~gr{gb Biouifnf{&Zanf {agr acuunfr {an lnc}fgfj onbacfgro m~gl{ gf{i {an]RR lnc}fr {an fnz {n}or nouliwnk mw {an ~rn} cfk

kgrcomgj~c{nr {ano gf i}kn} {i u}ik~bn cf ckns~c{nocuugfj id {an blcrrnr id {an if{ilijw&

Gfdn}nfbn Nfjgfn di}or {an dgfcl biouifnf{ id {anCs~cLij rwr{no& G{ oc`nr rnfrn id {an if{ilijw {}guln cfkkgjr {an cfrzn} i~{ id {an `fizlnkjn mcrn&

GGG& U]IUIRNK S^NR[GIF C FRZN]GFJ RWR[NO

c&Oi{gtc{gif

Zagln Cj~cLij gr zgknlw uiu~lc} if{ilijw mcrnkS~nr{gif Cfrzn}gfj rwr{no, g{ gr ac}k {i bifdgj~}n& [anbifdgj~}c{gif id Cs~cLij jinr dc} mnwifk ul~jjgfj gf cIZL if{ilijw {i {an rwr{no& [an `fizlnkjn mcrn fnnkr {i

mn b}nc{nk gf ri {ac{ {an Gfdn}nfbn Nfjgfn bcf kgj i~{gfdi}oc{gif& G{ }ns~g}nr rgjfgdgbcf{ bifdgj~}c{gif c{ {anlgfj~gr{gb biouifnf{ lntnl, rgjfgdgbcf{ bacfjnr c{ {an ]RRlntnl n{b& Clri c knnu ~fkn}r{cfkgfj id Cs~cLij rwr{nori~}bn bikn gr }ns~g}nk {i oc`n Cs~cLij zi}` u}iun}lw&

I~} oi{gtc{gif di} b}nc{gfj c S~nr{gif Cfrzn}gfj rwr{nozcr {i b}nc{n c rwr{no {ac{ zi~lk }ns~g}n ~rn}r {i ul~j gf cif{ilijw zagba ack {i onn{ ifn rgouln runbgdgbc{gif& [anif{ilijw zi~lk mn c rnld bif{cgfgfj `fizlnkjn mcrn d}iozagba gfdi}oc{gif zi~lk mn }n{}gntnk& [an}n zi~lk mn fi}ns~g}nonf{ di} cktcfbnk lnqgbifr n{b& Cfw kgb{gifc}w id {n}or zi~lk mn b}nc{nk d}io {nq{ bif{nf{ bif{cgfnk zg{agf{an if{ilijw&

m&J}cuagbcl Fc{~}n id If{ilijgnr

I~} u}iuirnk S~nr{gif Cfrzn}gfj rwr{no gr knrgjfnkif {an u}nogrn {ac{ cll gfdi}oc{gif gr bif{cgfnk zg{agf {anif{ilijw& [an}n zi~lk mn iflw ifn rgouln runbgdgbc{gif di} b}nc{gfj {an if{ilijw& [an if{ilijw zi~lk fnnk {i mn

b}nc{nk ~rgfj IZL oc}`~u zg{a ncba kiocgf nf{g{woiknlnk cr cf if{ilijw blcrr i} gfkgtgk~cl {ac{ zi~lkbif{cgf cll }nlntcf{ gfdi}oc{gif r{i}nk cr cffi{c{gifbioonf{r kndgfnk zg{agf g{& [an ~rn} cr`r s~nr{gifrrnn`gfj gfdi}oc{gif }nlc{nk {i ifn i} oi}n kiocgf nf{g{gnri} r~m/nf{g{gnr {ac{ c}n oiknlnk ~rgfj blcrrnr, r~m/blcrrnr i} gfkgtgk~clr }nrunb{gtnlw cfk {an gfdi}oc{gif zagba {an ~rn} }ns~g}nr gr r{i}nk zg{agf {an blcrr i} gfkgtgk~cl oiknlgfj{an nf{g{w ng{an} cr c kc{c u}iun}{w i} cr cf cffi{c{gif& [an{cr` id {an s~nr{gif cfrzn}gfj rwr{no gr {an}ndi}n {zi dilk&[an dg}r{ gr {i gknf{gdw zagba kiocgf nf{g{w i} nf{g{gnr gr {ans~n}w }nlc{nk {i& [an rnbifk {cr` gr {i }n{}gntn {an fnbnrrc}wj}cf~lnr id gfdi}oc{gif di} {ac{ nf{g{w&

Ln{ ~r bifrgkn} {an if{ilijw cr c j}cua& Ln{ ~r rcw zn

actn cf if{ilijw I ? <B, U6& Ln{ B mn c rn{ id blcrrnr cfkgfkgtgk~clr id runbgdgb blcrrnr, U gr c rn{ id imhnb{ u}iun}{gnr{ac{ b}nc{n }nlc{gifragur mn{znnf blcrrnr, gfkgtgk~clr cfkblcrrnr/gfkgtgk~clr& Ri zn bcf kndgfn c f imhnb{ !blcrrnr cfkgfkgtgk~clr' rwr{no cr B ? pbg, g, 3≫ g≫ f& Ncba blcrr bg clri acr c rn{ id baglk blcrrnr i} gfkgtgk~clr Ba crribgc{nkzg{a g{, r~ba {ac{ |Ba|≮5& Ncba blcrr bg acr cf cffi{c{nk {nq{Cg c{{cbank {i g{& Zn bcf kndgfn U ? pUgh, g, h, bg, b h&

b&U}nuc}gfj Lii`~u [cmln

[an dg}r{ `nw {cr` gf s~nr{gif cfrzn}gfj gr {i gknf{gdwzagba kiocgf nf{g{w i} nf{g{gnr {an ~rn} gr s~n}wgfj cmi~{&[agr gr kifn mw b}nc{gfj lii`~u {cmlnr crribgc{nk zg{a ncba

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuul gbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ 3;




kiocgf nf{g{w i} blcrr& Clji}g{ao 3 kndgfnr {an u}ibnk~}n {ib}nc{n c lii`~u {cmln di} c runbgdgb blcrr& Fi{gbn {ac{ {an

u}ibnk~}n gr }nb~}rgtn& [an cffi{c{gif crribgc{nk zg{a {anblcrr bif{cgfr {nq{~cl gfdi}oc{gif& [an {nq{ bif{nf{ gr{i`nfgxnk gf{i zi}kr cfk f/j}cor& Zi}k {i`nfr c}nrb}nnfnk di} r{iu zi}kr cfk {an dgl{n}nk bif{nf{r c}n ckknk{i {an lii`~u {cmln crribgc{nk zg{a {an blcrr& Ncba baglk id {an blcrr i} gfkgtgk~cl gr {anf u}ibnrrnk {an rcon zcw cfk`nwzi}kr crribgc{nk c}n }n{~}fnk cr c lii`~u {cmln& [anbif{nf{r id {an lii`~u {cmln id ncba baglk c}n {anf on}jnkzg{a {an lii`~u {cmln id {an uc}nf{ blcrr i} gfkgtgk~cl&Clji}g{ao 3 bcf mn }nunc{nk di} ncba blcrr)gfkgtgk~cl gf {anrn{ B kndgfnk&

m&Clji}g{ao 38 B}nc{nLii`~u[cmln

Gfu~{8IZL Blcrr)Gfkgtgk~cl bf↕ lc}jnr{ f/j}co {i`nf {i mn b}nc{nk

I~{u~{8L↕ lii`~u {cmln crribgc{nk zg{a bL bifrgr{r id f/j}co {i`nfr&

Clji}g{ao8C ↕cffi{c{nk {nq{ gf b&Ba↕rn{ id cll baglk blcrrnr cfk gfkgtgk~cl&Kndgfn ` g gr c rn{ id cll g/j}co {i`nfr b}nc{nk mw{i`nfgxc{gif` 3↕{i`nfgxn!C, 3']noitn r{iu zi}kr d}io ` 3&ckk bif{nf{r id ` 3 {i Ldi} g ? = {i f

mnjgf` g↕{i`nfgxn!C, f'ckk bif{nf{r id ` g {i L

nfk liiudi} cll baglk}nf ba Ba

mnjgfLa↕B}nc{nLii`~u[cmln!ba, f'

L↕L La

nfk liiu}n{~}f L

b&S~nr{gif Cfrzn}gfj

Clji}g{ao = runbgdgnk mnliz knrb}gmnr {an cb{~cl u}ibnrr id s~nr{gif cfrzn}gfj gf }nruifrn {i c s~n}w& Ncba~rn} s~n}w gr {}nc{nk cr c rns~nfbn id zi}kr& [agr rns~nfbnid zi}kr gr {i`nfgxnk gf{i zi}kr, cfk f/j}cor& [an rgxn id ncba f/j}co {i`nf tc}gnr d}io = {i f zan}n f gr {an f~omn} id zi}kr gf {an s~n}w& [a~r {an lc}jnr{ f j}co gr {an zailns~n}w& F/j}co {i`nfr c}n oc{bank {i lii`~u {cmlnr& Gd c F/j}co {i`nf oc{banr c lii`~u {cmln, cll F/j}cor cfk zi}krcrribgc{nk zg{a g{ c}n {a}izf i~{ id {an rn{& Cf crribgc{gifgr b}nc{nk zg{a {ac{ uc}{gb~lc} f/j}co cfk {an lii`~u {cmln&C{ {an nfk id {agr oc{bagfj, zn im{cgf c rn{ id lii`~u{cmlnr& Lii`~u {cmlnr c}n crribgc{nk zg{a blcrrnr& D}io {agrzn bcf crbn}{cgf zac{ blcrrnr i} kiocgf nf{g{gnr ogja{ mncrribgc{nk zg{a {an s~n}w& Di} {an rn{ id blcrrnr crribgc{nk

zg{a s~n}w, gd cfw blcrr gr c r~un}/blcrr cfi{an} blcrr {anr~un}/blcrr gr nlgogfc{nk cfk {an r~m/blcrr gr }n{cgfnk gf {anrn{& Dgfcl cfrzn} {i {an s~nr{gif gr im{cgfnk mw on}jgfj {ancffi{c{nk {nq{ crribgc{nk zg{a {an blcrrnr crribgc{nk zg{a{an s~n}w&

k&Clji}g{ao =8 S~nr{gif Cfrzn}gfj

Gfu~{8f/blcrr if{ilijw rwr{noRn{ id Lii`~u {cmlnr L ? p lg,3≫g≫f Rn{ id Lii`~u {cmlnr B ? p bg,3≫g≫f [ ? L Q B ? p{g` , LgL,B` BS~n}w S, rns~nfbn id zi}krpz3,․&,zo&

I~{u~{8Cf ↕ Cfrzn} R{}gfj {i s~n}w S

Clji}g{ao8o↕ f~omn} id zi}kr gf {an s~n}wSo ↕ rn{ id cll {i`nfr 3 {a}i~ja o/j}cordi} h ? 3 {i o

mnjgfS h↕ rn{ id h/j}co {i`nfrS h ? [i`nfgxn/Gf{i/O/J}cor!S'

So ? So S h&

nfk liiuKndgfn LS ↕ C rn{ id Lii`~u {cmlnrKndgfn BS ↕ C rn{ id crribgc{nk Blcrrnrdi} h ? o {i 3

mnjgf

S h↕ rn{ id h/j}co {i`nfrjn{ S h d}io So&di} ncba {i`nf ` gf S h

mnjgfoc{ba ` {i {i`nfr gf lii`~u {cmlnr gf L

gd !` oc{ba {i`nfr gf cfw lii`~u {cmln l` gf L'

ckk LS ? LS l` ,

ckk BS ? BS b` &

nfk liiudi} ncba ucg} !bg, b h' gf BS

mnjgfgd ! bg gr c r~m/blcrr id b h '

]noitn b h d}io BS&nfk liiudi} ncba bg gf BS

mnjgfjn{ Cg ↕ bg )) Cffi{c{nk {nq{ Cg

Cf ? Cf Cg

Nfk liiu

GT& S^NR[GIF C FRZN]GFJ G F CJ]GB^L[^]N

Gf {an u}ntgi~r rnb{gif zn actn knrb}gmnk c {ani}n{gbclS~nr{gif Cfrzn}gfj rwr{no {ac{ ~rnr if{ilijgnr {i cfrzn} ~rn} s~nr{gifr& Gf {agr rnb{gif zn m~glk if {agr {ani}n{gbcldi~fkc{gif {i goulnonf{ i~} S~nr{gif Cfrzn}gfj rwr{nodi} {an cj}gb~l{~}n kiocgf& [an dg}r{ r{nu zcr {i ocf~cllw

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuul gbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ 3>




g

g

g

m~glk kiocgfnq{ rnb{gif

di} {an cj}gb~goulnonf{c{gnlc{nk s~n}gn

c&M~glkgfj

C{ {an anan cj}i if{ilac{ zn m~glk

dib~r id {anbi{{if n{b&b~l{gtc{gif zg

an kiocgfb~l{gtc{gif&

I~} u}iui}cb{gbnr di}

gknf{gdw {an bb}nc{nk& [anblcrr gf {an iimhnb{ u}iun}

an fnq{ r{cb~l{gtc{gif cfncba b~l{gtcb~l{gtc{gif

}nuc}c{gif, !nnk, Unr{ cf

cfk r~m/r{cjnr{cjnr zi~lkagn}c}bagbcl d

}nuc}c{gifkgddn}nf{ cuu} r~m blcrrnr {iblcrr id lcfk

g{a ncba blc mnbion gfkgtgactn rion ~fid c b}iu& Gfk

agr ogja{ ogfkgtgk~cl ag}iun}{gnr r~b}iun}{gnr& Gka}i~ja imhnb

cfk tc}gi~r b^rgfj {agr

anc{, d}ioif{ilijw b}nc

cr {an b}iub~l{gtc{gifnlc{gifragu {nu}nrnf{nk mg{}c{nr, R~lu

KCU zn}n gknu}nrnf{nk gj}ifiogbU} gnlkU}nuc}c{gi}ocl[gllcj

if{ilijw di} n knrb}gmn {

l{~}n kiocgff id {an SC

r&

If{ilijgnr

}{ id {an c~{ijw& Lg`n Cjgr b}iu bnf{}gif{ilijw gran if{ilijw

{a zanc{ mngf mngfj oiknln

rnk if{ilijw}izgfj {an

iu di} zagba}iu mnbionrf{ilijw& Cllgnr {i {agr bljn zcr gknfk kndgfgfj bl{gif cb{gtg{wi~lk gftilt

=' Rnnkgfj, !2k Kgrncrn Bizi~lk actn mn biffnb{ncragif& Di} n

i~lk gftilticbanr {i [glc [glln}gfj bl}nuc}c{gif& G

rr id ng{an} b} gk~clr& C tn}wgs~n u}iun}{gngtgk~clr zi~l

c`n g{ u}~knf{n}c}bagbcllwa cr angja{,nf{gdwgfj cfk{ u}iun}{gnr {al{gtc{gif r{cjrgouln u}ibn mnr{ u}cb{gbnk gr raizf gZanc{& D}i

n gknf{gdgnk{an zanc{ b

w c }nb{cfjla~}Uairuac{nf{gdgnk cr Gfkg

Dgj~}n 3b{gbn blcif& Tc}gi~r

cfk Xn}iOg

{an cj}gb~l{~n u}ibnrr id fk {anf u}ibrwr{no {ac{ c

oc{nk cj}i/iunkgc Gfkgbb, zagba onc

runbgdgb b} zn m~glk g

j c{ {an bnf{k gr {an}ndi}

cr m~gl{ mcrn}iu zanc{&{an if{ilijw{an bnf{}cl n

i{an} blcrrnrcrr ng{an} kg} gdwgfj tc}gi

crrnr cfk r~m& [wugbcllw

!3' Cj}if' Dn}{glgxc{gif{}il, !4' Ac} blcrr crribg

k {i {ang} uqcouln Cj} n [glln}gfj&ln}gfj zagbarr zagba zinf{gdwgfj gfkgiu i} b~l{gtc{runbgdgb tc}gr cfk ogja{ mlk actn runbg{i oiknl {agrfkn} {an b} ngja{ n{b ognr{cmlgragfj

c{ lgf` ~u mn{n blcrr&r zn m~glk cfr im{cgfnk gDgj~}n 3& [{an tc}gi~

{an r{cjnlcrr& Gf Dgjn& Runbgdgb, Uairuac{nr,gtgk~clr cr iurgfj itcl ir zcr

{wunr id go~o[gllcjn

}n kiocgf& G m~glkgfj if{nk {i knrb}gm

frzn}r cj}gb

ktgri}w rwr{nP35_ {an if{

fr {ac{ {an bn u r~ba cr zr ifn di} n id {an if{ilgog{nk {i

k if cbbnu{nkan dg}r{ r{nu

oiknl fnnkr{g{w oiknlnk

cr }nlc{nk {a} b{lw id gfkg} r r{cjnr id blcrrnr mcrnr{cjnr gf

iogbr cfk, !;' G}}gjc{ginr{gfj& Ncba{nk zg{a g{& [}nf{ r{cjnr gfiogbr cfk[an}n zi~lzi~lk bion glk gf {~}f mn

gtgk~clr crribgif cb{gtg{wf{ id c b}iunbion gfkgtggb kc{c u}iunb}iu tc}gcf{

iu& Runbgdgba{ gknf{gdw crblcrr }nlc{gifnnf {an b}iu

cj}i/if{ilijf Jgll P33_&n bnf{}cl `nw

r r{cjnr id lcrrnr cfk}n 3 ncba blcn}{glgxn}r r~b^}nc, Ui{cra

uirnk {i blcrr hnb{r& Zg{agf

{an r~m/glln}gfj r~bzn}n gknf{gdg

{anlijwn {anl{~}n

o grlijwf{}clanc{,anc{

lijw&anc{

mnr{gr {ii mncr c

i~jab{lw&b}iuk ifb}iucfk, !>'

r{cjnanrnf cf

cfk mn

gf crr~m

gc{nki~lkgja{~clr

}{gnr&r cfkc{ckc{c

ragurblcrr

w di} [an

blcrranc{{ang} rr gra crcfk

nr gf{an

blcrrcr

k cr

` m

~r~rkIagr

bli

gfcf{} r{nfbnb} blbcbb{abcf

Ccrr{~rCcf

icb}

w r~mblcrrnrimrn}tnk lii

Dgj~}

I~} u}iuirgfj {an if{ilgfj IZL Pb~onf{ P33_

L Cffi{c{gjalw r{}~b{~}ncll j}cf~lnr

n&S~nr{gif

[an cj}i/ifcrrnr {ac{ z hnb{ u}iun}{gn

di}oc{gif crrrzn}gfj ~rn} {i }n{}gntn

}nk cr cf cf{g{w& Lii`gfjf{n} id {an iiu Zanc{ crcrrnr oiknlgfllnk {anrn b~frgr{r id cl{gtc{gif r{cjgn bnf{}cl blcrf{cgfr rionfi{c{gif u}iu

I~} S~nrlji}g{ao 3 !ribgc{nk zg{a}{~u, mndi}nn} s~n}w bilji}g{ao = !Rk }n{}gntn {an

T&

Gf {an u}ntg{ilijw mcrn}gb~l{~}n kiiu bnf{}gb if

id DgnlkU}nuc`gfj c{ Dgj~}n

n 38 U}iuirnk

k mnr{ u}cb{gjw knrgjf {ii3=_& [nq{~clzcr r{i}nk crif u}iun}{w&k {nq{ kib~od gfdi}oc{gif

frzn}gfj

{ilijw {ac{ zbiffnb{nk

r& Ncba blcrr

ibgc{nk zg{as~nr{gifr {i{an oir{ cu ufi{c{gif {i {ac{ {an if{ili

f{ilijgbcl j} cf nf{g{w& [aj tc}gi~r r{cl{gtc{gif r{cjgair{ id r~mgfj blcrrnr zr oiknlgfj

gfdi}oc{gifn}{gnr&

gif CfrznRnn Rnb{gifncba blcrr !

cfw s~n}gnr bnr gf{i {ann Rnb{gif ;'cuu}iu}gc{n c

& NQUN]GON

~r rnb{gif zk s~nr{gifcgf& Zn clrilijw di} {an

}c{gif& Rgoglc3&

anc{ Cj}i/If

bnr if{ilijwl U}i{çjç P32_

bif{nf{ id {an lntnl id

[a~r {an if{f{, zg{a ncbar{i}nk&

b}nc{nk bifrw oncfr id i~lk bif{cgf

an nf{g{w {an{an cj}i/cktg}iu}gc{n ugnbn blcrr oiknjw b}nc{nk gf ua gr {an blc}n gr fnq{ lcjnr gf zanc{fj blcrrnr& [blcrrnr bif

agba c}n gf {anc{ cr cf nr{i}nk mw

gfj rwr{no;' {i b}nc{i} nf{g{w oiion gf{i {anrwr{no, {an{i kgtn gf{i {rzn}&

F[R CFK ] NR

knrb}gmnk {acfrzn}gfj r

kgrb~rrnk {Zanc{ b}iu&

} r~mblcrrnr

{ilijw

zcr bifr{}~bcfk }nu}nrnf mnr{ u}cb{g

ncba blcrr crilijw b}nc{nblcrr bif{cgfg

gr{r id c rn}gnragn}c}bagnrj}cf~lnr id {

blcrr oiknlr&ri}w rwr{no,id gfdi}oc{g

lgfj {an }nlntDgj~}n 3, c{rr oiknlgfjn} id biffnbb~l{gtc{gif&

an rnbifk lcnb{nk zg{a}f biffnb{nk{g{w& Ncba blncfr id I

zi~lk culii`~u {cmnlnk' c{ rwr{rwr{no& Zanrwr{no nouln cffi{c{nk {

L[R

n b}nc{gif id wr{no di} n b}nc{gif iI~} if{ilij

cf

{nk{nkbnrcfc

gfj

id fknq{

Gfzngifcf{{an{an{nk

nn}

{an{i

crrL

lwlnrno

cwr

nq{

~} {and c

gr





b}nc{nk d}io mnr{ u}cb{gbnr di} j}izgfj zanc{& Nc}lgn} znack kgrb~rrnk {an zi}`gfjr id c zgknlw uiu~lc} if{ilijw

mcrnk s~nr{gif cfrzn}gfj rwr{no Cs~cLij& Zn ack clrikgrb~rrnr {an Cj}iunkgc Gfkgbc u}ihnb{ cfk {an if{ilijw

mcrnk tibcm~lc}w {ac{ g{ b}nc{nr& Cj}iunkgc Gfkgbc acr cfif{ilijw di} {an b}iu Zanc{ zagba gr b}iu bnf{}gb& Zn actndi~} bcrnr id nqun}gonf{r& [anrn c}n i~{lgfnk gf {an fnq{rnb{gif&

c&Nqun}gonf{cl Bcrnr

[an}n c}n di~} bcrnr id nqun}gonf{r cr i~{lgfnk gf [cmln3& Gf {an dg}r{ bcrn id nqun}gonf{r zn ~rn {an c IZL/}nbifr{}~b{nk tn}rgif id {an Cj}iunkgc Zanc{ If{ilijwcfk {an Cs~cLij rwr{no bifdgj~}nk di} {an cj}gb~l{~}nkiocgf& Gf {an rnbifk bcrn zn ~rn {an }nbifr{}~b{nk Cj}i/Zanc{ If{ilijw zg{a i~} u}iuirnk J}cua Mcrnk SCrwr{no& Gf {an {ag}k bcrn zn ~rn i~} Zanc{ If{ilijw zg{a{an zg{a {an }nbifdgj~}nk Cs~cLij& Gf {an di~}{a bcrn zn~rn i~} Zanc{ If{ilijw zg{a i~} u}iuirnk J}cua McrnkSC rwr{no&

[CMLN G& NQUN]GONF[CL BCRNR

Bcrnr If{ilijw SC Rwr{no

Bcrn 3

]nbifr{}~b{nk

Cj}iunkgc

Zanc{If{ilijw

]nbifdgj~}nkCs~cLij

Bcrn =

]nbifr{}~b{nk

Cj}iunkgcZanc{

If{ilijw

U}iuirnk J}cua Mcrnk

SC Rwr{no

Bcrn 2 Zanc{ If{ilijw

]nbifdgj~}nk

Cs~cLij

Bcrn ; Zanc{ If{ilijw

U}iuirnk J}cua Mcrnk

SC Rwr{no

c&]nbifdgj~}nk Cs~cLij

Gf Rnb{gif = zn kgrb~rrnk {an zi}`gfj id Cs~cLij& [i}nbifdgj~}n Cs~cLij di} {an cj}gb~l{~}n kiocgf zn fnnk {i

ul~j gf {an if{ilijw& Gf i~} bcrn zn ul~j gf {an]nbifr{}~b{nk Zanc{ If{ilijw d}io Cj}iunkgc i} {anZanc{ If{ilijw zn b}nc{n& [an di}on} gr }nbifr{}~b{nk gfIZL zg{a ntn}w blcrr i} fikn gf {an rwr{no actgfj }nlc{nk{nq{ gfdi}oc{gif }njc}kgfj mnr{ u}cb{gbnr& [i ul~j/gf {anif{ilijw zn oikgdw rn}tgbnYu}iun}{gnr&qol dgln& [i b}nc{nlgfj~gr{gb {~ulnr di} {an cj}gb~l{~}n kiocgfs~n}wYu}iun}{gnr&qol dgln fnnkr {i mn oikgdgnk& [an lnqgbif

di} {an lnc}fgfj onbacfgro cfk {an `fizlnkjn mcrn clri}ns~g}nk oikgdgbc{gif&

m&S~nr{gif Rn{

Di} i~} nqun}gonf{r zn im{cgf c rn{ id r{cfkc}ks~nr{gifr {ac{ c}n cr`nk mw ~rn}r cmi~{ zanc{& [an s~nr{gifrn{ bif{cgfnk >55 r{cfkc}k s~nr{gifr if {an b}iu zanc{&S~nr{gifr }cfjnk d}io Kgrncrn Ocfcjnonf{, G}}gjc{gif,Lcfk U}nuc}c{gif, Dn}{glgxn}r cfk F~{}gnf{ Ocfcjnonf{,Unr{ Ocfcjnonf{, Ac}tnr{gfj, Rnnkr, Rnnkgfj cfk RnnkTc}gn{w, Znnk Ocfcjnonf{& Ncba s~nr{gif zcr u}itgknkzg{a c bi}}nb{ cfrzn}& Zn ucrrnk {anrn s~nr{gifr gf{i {anrwr{no cfk }nbngtnk cf cfrzn} d}io {an rwr{no& [cmln =

raizr {an bc{nji}w id s~nr{gifr cfk crrgjfr c lcmnl {i ncbabc{nji}w&

b&Un}di}ocfbn On{}gb Zn oncr~}nk i~} rwr{no un}di}ocfbn if {an mcrgr id

r{cfkc}k Gfdi}oc{gif ]n{}gntcl !G]' oncr~}nr, u}nbgrgif cfk}nbcll cr kndgfnk gf ]cjactcf P3>_& U}nbgrgif gr {an d}cb{gifid }n{}gntnk cfrzn}r {ac{ zn}n bi}}nb{, zagln }nbcll}nu}nrnf{nk {an d}cb{gif id {gonr {an bi}}nb{ cfrzn} zcr

u}nrnf{ cfk }n{}gntnk cbb~}c{nlw&

d&]nr~l{r

[an u}nbgrgif cfk }nbcll }nr~l{r id i~} nqun}gonf{r zg{acll di~} bcrnr c}n {cm~lc{nk gf [cmln 2 cfk ; }nrunb{gtnlw&Blnc}lw {an }nr~l{r di} Bcrn ; c}n {an mnr{ gf {n}or id mi{actn}cjn u}nbgrgif cfk }nbcll& G{ bcf mn imrn}tnk {ac{ }nbclltcl~nr c}n jnfn}cllw agjan} {acf ctn}cjn u}nbgrgif gf cll

bcrnr& [agr oncfr {ac{ zanf {an cfrzn} gr u}nrnf{ gf {an`fizlnkjn mcrn {an rwr{no gr cmln {i ugb` ~u {an cfrzn} zg{a }ncrifcmln cbb~}cbw& Bi}}nb{ cfrzn}r zn}n u}itgknkzg{a lnrr cbb~}cbw gf cll bcrnr& Blnc}lw }nr~l{r di} bcrn = cfkbcrn ; c}n {an mnr{& [agr knoifr{}c{nk {an un}di}ocfbn id i~} SC rwr{no itn} {an Cs~cLij rwr{no& Cfclwxgfj {an}nr~l{r m}nc`gfj kizf {an bc{nji}w id s~nr{gifr, zn imrn}tn{ac{ {an }nr~l{r c}n uii}nr{ di} cfrzn}gfj s~nr{gifr ifAc}tnr{gfj !A'& ]nbcll cfk u}nbgrgif c}n mi{a lizn}& [agr gr

u}goc}glw mnbc~rn {an}n zcr lnrr `fizlnkjn gf {an`fizlnkjn mcrn gf {an {iugb id ac}tnr{gfj di} zanc{&Itn}cll i~} u}iuirnk if{ilijw !U}nbgrgif ? >=&75., ]nbcll? >4&11.' kgk rlgja{lw mn{{n} {acf {an Cj}iunkgc if{ilijwzanf ~rnk gf {an ng{an} SC rwr{no !U}nbgrgif ? >5&11.,]nbcll ? >=&13.'&

[CMLN GG& S^NR[GIF BC[NJI]W

S~nr{gif Bc{nji}w Rwomil

Kgrncrn Ocfcjnonf{ KO

G}}gjc{gif G]

Lcfk U}nuc}c{gif LU

Dn}{glgxn}r F~{}gnf{ Ocfcjnonf{ DFO

Unr{ Ocfcjnonf{ UO

Ac}tnr{gfj A

Rnnkr, Rnnkgfj cfk Rnnk Tc}gn{w RRT

Znnk Ocfcjnonf{ ZO

[CMLN GGG& U]NBGRGIF !.' ID S^NR[GIF C FRZN]GFJ DI] BCRNR

U}nbgrgif Bcrn 3 Bcrn = Bcrn 2 Bcrn ;

KO ;:&42 4;&=4 >5&3= 41&2>

G] ;>&;= 45&:4 ;:&1; 4>&=2

LU ;4&72 4=&7; ;7&=> 4:&34

DFO ;=&:1 >7&>4 ;;&7: 43&2=

UO ;3&=5 >;&12 ;2&12 >1&:>

A 22&:1 ;=&74 23&1: ;=&3=

RRT ;;&>= 43&21 ;;&=4 43&:2

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuul gbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ 3:




ZO ;4&;2 >1&42 ;:&=2 4=&2>

[CMLN GT& ] NBCLL !.' ID S^NR[GIF C FRZN]GFJ DI] BCRNR

]nbcll Bcrn 3 Bcrn = Bcrn 2 Bcrn ;

KO >=&:2 4:&15 >;&2> :;&=2

G] >5&=3 4=&:> >2&14 41&:5

LU >5&;> 4>&45 >4&41 :3&1=

DFO ;>&7= >:&15 ;;&44 42&=7

UO ;2&;1 >4&54 ;>&53 43&21

A 2=&14 ;3&4; 2;&44 ;>&>7

RRT ;4&>5 45&7: ;7&>2 44&:>

ZO ;:&47 4=&>= >3&37 41&;>

[CMLN T& R^OOC]W ID ] NR^L[R

U}nbgrgif !.' ]nbcll!.'

Bcrn 3 ;2&>7 ;4&=2

Bcrn = >1&3: >7&27

Bcrn 2 ;;&7= ;1&:;

Bcrn ; 45&11 4>&52

TG& BIFBL^RGIF

Gf {agr ucun} zn actn kgrb~rrnk c {ani}n{gbcl rwr{no {ac{~rnk kiocgf if{ilijgnr {i ki kiocgf mcrnk s~nr{gif

cfrzn}gfj& Zn actn m~gl{ if {agr kgrb~rrgif {i b}nc{n cfcj}i/if{ilijw cfk cf cj}i/cktgri}w rwr{no {ac{ cfrzn}rs~nr{gifr if b~l{gtc{gif id {an b}iu zanc{ gf {an Gfkgcfbif{nq{& I~} if{ilijw gr m~glk ~rgfj mnr{ u}cb{gbnr di} zanc{ b~l{gtc{gif gf {an Gfkgcf bif{nq{& I~} rwr{no

un}di}or zg{a c agja lntnl id u}nbgrgif cfk }nbcll di} oir{bc{nji}gnr id s~nr{gifr zg{a }njc}kr {i zanc{ b~l{gtc{gif&I~} if{ilijw gr m~gl{ ocf~cllw cfk nfbcur~lc{nk mnr{

u}cb{gbnr `fizlnkjn& Zn biouc}n {an un}di}ocfbn id {anrwr{no {i {ac{ id Liunx‗r Cs~cLij rwr{no zanf {an lc{{n} gr bifdgj~}nk {i cfrzn} s~nr{gifr di} {an cj}gb~l{~}nkiocgf&

] NDN]NFBNR

P3_ M& Bacfk}crn`ac}cf, H& ]& Hirnuarif, T& ]& Mnfhcogfr& Zac{ C}n

If{ilijgnr cfk Zaw Ki Zn Fnnk [ano9& Gf GNNN Hi~}fcl id Gf{nllgjnf{ Rwr{nor, GNNN U}nrr, 3777&

P=_ T& Liunx, O& Ucrgf, cfk N& Oi{{c& Cs~cLij8 Cf If{ilijw/Ui}{cmln

S~nr{gif Cfrzn}gfj Rwr{no di} {an Rnocf{gb Znm, Gf =fkN~}iuncf Rnocf{gb Znm Bifdn}nfbn, An}c`lgif, B}n{n, =55>&

P2_ B& R& Lnn, X& Z& Hgcf, L& @& A~cfj& C D~xxw If{ilijw cfk G{r

Cuulgbc{gif {i Fnzr R~ooc}gxc{gif& Gf GNNN [}cfrcb{gifr if

Rwr{nor, Ocf, cfk Bwmn}fn{gbr, 2>!>', =55>&

P;_ K& B& Zgoclcr~}gwc, K& Ki~& Biouifnf{r di} Gfdi}oc{gif

Nq{}cb{gif8 If{ilijw/Mcrnk Gfdi}oc{gif Nq{}cb{i}r cfk Jnfn}gb

Ulc{di}or& Gf =5{a CBO Bifdn}nfbn if Gfdi}oc{gif cfk @fizlnkjnOcfcjnonf{, [i}if{i, If{c}gi, Bcfckc, =535&

P>_ A& B~ffgfjaco, K& Ocwfc}k, @& Mif{bantc, T& [cmlcf& JC[N8 C

D}conzi}` cfk J}cuagbcl Kntnliuonf{ Nftg}ifonf{ di} ]im~r{

FLU [iilr cfk Cuulgbc{gifr& Gf U}ibnnkgfjr id {an ;5{a

Cffgtn}rc}w Onn{gfj id {an Crribgc{gif di} Biou~{c{gifclLgfj~gr{gbr, Uaglcknluagc, =55=&

P4_ D& Z~, ]& Aiddocff cfk K& R& Znlk& Gfdi}oc{gif nq{}cb{gif d}io

Zg`gunkgc8 oitgfj kizf {an lifj {cgl& Gf U}ibnnkgfjr id 3;{a CBORGJ@KK Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if @fizlnkjn Kgrbitn}w cfk

Kc{c Ogfgfj, Lcr Tnjcr, FT, =551&

P:_ K& B& Zgoclcr~}gwc cfk K& Ki~& ^rgfj o~l{guln if{ilijgnr gf

gfdi}oc{gif nq{}cb{gif& Gf U}ibnnkgfjr id {an 31{a Gf{n}fc{gifcl

Bifdn}nfbn if Gfdi}oc{gif cfk @fizlnkjn Ocfcjnonf{, =557&

P1_ D& Z~ cfk K& Znlk& C~{ifioi~rlw rnocf{gdwgfj Zg`gunkgc& GfU}ibnnkgfjr id {an Rgq{nnf{a CBO Bifdn}nfbn if Gfdi}oc{gif cfk

@fizlnkjn Ocfcjnonf{, Lgrmic, Ui}{~jcl, =55:&

P7_ C& B& Lgcfj, M& Lc~rn}, O& Rgfg, H& @ngxn}, R& @c{x& D}io

CJ]ITIB {i {an Cj}gb~l{~}cl If{ilijw Rn}tgbn ) Bifbnu{ Rn}tn},

Cf IZL oiknl di} ocfcjgfj if{ilijgnr gf {an cj}gb~l{~}cl kiocgf&DCI U}nrr, =55;&

P35_ O& Rgfg, T& Wckct& M~glkgfj @fizlnkjn Oiknlr di} Cj}iunkgc

Gfkgbc / ]ns~g}nonf{r, J~gknlgfnr, R~jjnr{gifr& GG[ @cfu~} U}nrr,=557&

P33_ O& R& Jgll, A& R& Mchzc& Ucb`cjn id U}cb{gbnr di} B}iur id U~fhcm,U~fhcm Cj}gb~l{~}n ^fgtn}rg{w U}nrr, =535&

P3=_ Mnbaaidn}, R&, tcf Ac}onlnf, D&, Anfkln}, H&, Ai}}ib`r& G&,

ObJ~gffnrr, K& L&, Uc{nl/Rbafngkn},U& D&, R{ngf, L& C&,=557& IZLZnm If{ilijw Lcfj~cjn ]ndn}nfbn& Z2B Iflgfn U~mlgbc{gif&

P32_ H& A& Jnffc}g, O& C& O~rnf, ]& Z& Dn}jn}rif, Z& N& J}irri, O&B}~mçxw, A& N}g`rrif, F& D& Fiw, R& Z& [~& [an ntil~{gif id

U}i{çjç8 cf nftg}ifonf{ di} `fizlnkjn/mcrnk rwr{nor

kntnliuonf{& Gf Hi~}fcl Gf{n}fc{gifcl Hi~}fcl id A~ocf/Biou~{n} R{~kgnr, t&>1, 3, Cbcknogb U}nrr, =552&

P3;_ J& @lwfn, H& H& Bc}}ill& ]nri~}bn Knrb}gu{gif D}conzi}` !]KD'8Bifbnu{r cfk Cmr{}cb{ Rwf{cq& Z2B Iflgfn U~mlgbc{gif, =55;&

P3>_ T& T& ]cjactcf, J& R& H~fj, U& Millocff& C b}g{gbcl gftnr{gjc{gif id

}nbcll cfk u}nbgrgif cr oncr~}nr id }n{}gntcl rwr{no un}di}ocfbn& GfCBO [}cfrcb{gifr if Gfdi}oc{gif Rwr{nor, t:, uu&=5>/==7, 3717&





U}ib& id {an Gf{l& Bifd& if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr ‒Til~on 3& Biuw}gja{ § =53= [nbafi Di}~o J}i~u, Gfkgc&

GRMF8 7:1/13/7=5>:>/:/4 88 kig8 35& :;==7)GRMFY5:41CBO "8 kmn}&gon}c&35& :;==7

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Ragluc [}guc{agCrrgr{cf{ U}idnrri}, Knu{ id Gfdi}oc{gif [nbafilijw,

R&R& Knoui Billnjn id Bioon}bn cfk Nbifiogbr,Cl{gfai, Jic&

Cmr{}cb{ / [an A~ocf Biou~{n} Gf{n}cb{gif acr di} lifj

mnnf }njc}knk cr {ac{ ~fgs~n c}nc gf biou~{n}

cuulgbc{gifr zagba mlnfkr gfdi}oc{gif {nbafilijw zg{a

g{r a~ocf gf{n}dcbn, {an}nmw u}itgkgfj cf gfkgtgk~cl {an

ncrn id cbbnrr, ~rcmglg{w cfk i~{u~{& ABG {an}ndi}n fi{

iflw dib~rnr if {an {nbafgbcl kgonfrgif, m~{ clri

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cuulgbc{gif& Zagln oir{ id {an b~}}nf{ lg{n}c{~}n if ABG

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nquli}n zan{an} gffitc{gtn ABG clri acr {an ui{nf{gcl {i

}nk~bn {an ~rn} jcu mn{znnf {airn dnz !~}mcf' gf Gfkgc

zai actn cbbnrr {i {an lc{nr{ {nbafilijw cfk g{r

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cfk ~rnr {an bcrn r{~kw id {an ‑C`cra [cmln{ UB‗ }nbnf{lwgf{}ik~bnk gf Gfkgc cr {an 2> + cfrzn} {i Gfkgc‗r tcr{

u}imlno id kgjg{cl kgtgkn& G{ {anf kndgfnr cfk nquli}nr {an

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Gfkgc& [anf g{ mlnfkr {an {zi mw jgtgfj cf cbbi~f{ id {an

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GG& C]NCR ID ABG ]NRNC]BA CFK R[^KW

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C bi~f{}w lg`n Gfkgc dgfkr g{rnld c{ c }c{an}uc}ckiqgbcl rg{~c{gif zg{a }njc}k {i {an Kgjg{cl kgtgkn&

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id n‒jitn}fcfbn gf {an r{c{n& Gf c ochi} c{{nou{ {im}gfj }noi{n }~}cl c}ncr gf{i {an gfdi}oc{gif{nbafilijw dilk, {an dg}r{ “Bwmn} J}connf,‟ c }~}clm}ickmcfk tnf{~}n, zcr r{c}{nk& [agr u}ihnb{ acr mnnflc~fbank mw c fif‒jitn}fonf{cl i}jcfgrc{gif, “Rzc}fMac}c{ [}~r{,‟ mcrgbcllw {i rn{ ~u G[ biftn}jnfbn a~mrgf }~}cl c}ncr id {an bi~f{}w& Mw ac}fnrrgfj {an uizn}id }~}cl gf{n}fn{ m}ickmcfk {an “Bwmn} J}connf‟rnn`r {i u}itgkn c }cfjn id cuulgbc{gifr cfk rn}tgbnr {ir{go~lc{n {an }~}cl nbifiognr& [an rn}tgbnr u}itgknkgfbl~kn {nlnuaifw, {nlnonkgbgfn, kgr{cfbn lnc}fgfj, n‒ocgl, kgjg{cl nf{n}{cgfonf{, cfk knlgtn}w id jitn}fonf{ rn}tgbnr cfk gfdi}oc{gif&

&[an Maiiog U}ihnb{ id @c}fc{c`c r{c{n bitn}r 4&:ogllgif dc}on}r cfk ailkr ogllgifr id }nbi}kr id lcfkizfn}ragu& [an u}ihnb{ acr nc}fnk {an jiikzgll id ocfw uniuln cfk clri gf{n}fc{gifcl d~fkgfj cjnfbgnr&[agr u}ihnb{ acr }nk~bnk {an knlcwr gftiltnk gfgf{n}cb{gfj zg{a {an m~}nc~b}c{gb agn}c}baw id {an r{c{n}ntnf~n knuc}{onf{& Maiiog bnf{}nr c}n libc{nk cllitn} {an r{c{n& Cfw lcfk }nbi}k bcf mn }ntgnznk{a}i~ja c {i~ba rb}nnf c{ {anrn `gir`r0 {an u}ihnb{ bcfclri mn ~rnk cr c kc{cmcf` di} tc}gi~r u}ihnb{r id u~mlgb cfk u}gtc{n rnb{i} i}jcfgxc{gifr&

[an u}ihnb{ acr zif {an =55= Biooifzncl{aCrribgc{gif id U~mlgb Ckogfgr{}c{gif cfk

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuul gbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ =5




Ocfcjnonf{ czc}k di} b}nc{gfj “rnld bif{nf{jitn}fcfbn cfk iunfgfj ~u fnz d}if{gn}r&‟ Mi{a {an^FKU cfk {an Zi}lk Mcf` actn lc~knk Maiiog di}

milk tgrgif cfk goulnonf{c{gif& Zg{a {an r~bbnrr id {an Maiiog u}ihnb{ i{an} r{c{nr id Gfkgc, tgx& [coglFcgk~, Ocac}cra{}c cfk Ockawc U}cknra actn r{c}{nkntiltgfj oiknlr mcrnk if Maiiog gf {ang} }nrunb{gtnr{c{nr&

m& [an Jwcfkii{ U}ihnb{ Jwcfkii{, zagba lg{n}cllw oncfr “@fizlnkjn

Onrrnfjn},‟ gr {an dg}r{ ntn} u}ihnb{ gf Gfkgc di} c }~}clgfdi}oc{gif fn{zi}` gf {an Kac} kgr{}gb{ id OckwcU}cknra zagba acr {an agjanr{ un}bnf{cjn id {}gmnr cfkknfrn di}nr{& Ntn}w tgllcjn acr c biou~{n} bnf{}n i}“riibafclcwcr‟ c{ u}iogfnf{ oc}`n{ ulcbnr i} ochi}}ickr& Uniuln bcf ncrglw lij gf cfk bioulcgf i} }ns~nr{gfdi}oc{gif if b}iur, di}nr{ dgnlkr, zc{n} }nri~}bnr,n{b& id {an kgr{}gb{& [znf{w‒ifn tgllcjn Ucfbacwc{r gf{an Kgr{}gb{ actn mnnf biffnb{nk zg{a biou~{n}r i}gfdi}oc{gif bnf{}nr0 rntn}cl u}gtc{n rnb{i} gfdi}oc{gifbnf{}nr bcllnk “Riibafclcwr‟ actn clri mnnf iunfnk&Ifn r~ba uiu~lc} bnf{}n gr gf “Ocfzc} Cj}gb~l{~}nOcfkg,‟ zan}n {an lc{nr{ b}iu u}gbnr c}n ocknctcglcmln {i {an dc}on}r& [an lcfk }nbi}kr id c dnz{narglr id kgr{}gb{ Kac} c}n clri ctcglcmln if {anrnbiou~{n}r& Clri, Gf{n}fn{ biffnb{gifr actn mnnfu}itgknk {i jn{ jlimcl gfdi}oc{gif mw lgf`gfj {i {anZi}lk Zgkn Znm&

[an jitn}fonf{ id Ockawc U}cknra gr c{{nou{gfj{i oc`n Jwcfkii{ U}ihnb{ c j}nc{ r~bbnrr mw

nq{nfkgfj g{ {i i{an} kgr{}gb{r& [an r{c{n gr gf {anu}ibnrr id r{c}{gfj :,155 G[ `gir`r zg{a {an anlu id {anu}gtc{n rnb{i}& [i {}cgf biooif uniuln {i mn biou~{n}lg{n}c{n, :,>55 “Hcf Rag`rac‟ u~mlgb gfr{}~b{gif bnf{}nractn clri mnnf gknf{gdgnk, cfk uilgbw gr mngfjdi}o~lc{nk {i m}gfj G[ {i {an biooif uniuln‗r fnnkcfk mnfndg{& Nddi}{r c}n clri mngfj ockn mw {anjitn}fonf{ {i gftiltn u~mlgb lgm}c}gnr gf {agr u}ihnb{&Gf dcb{, u~mlgb lgm}c}gnr bcf ulcw c tg{cl }iln gf oc`gfj{an u}ij}coon r~bbnrrd~l mw cb{gfj cr gfdi}oc{gifbnf{}nr !riibafclcwcr' di} {an Jwcfkii{ U}ihnb{& Di}{agr {i ibb~}, c U~mlgb Lgm}c}gnr cfk Gfdi}oc{gifBnf{n}r Cb{ fnnkr {i mn ucrrnk& Clri, r{}ifj zgll cfk

bioog{onf{ coifj {an u}idnrrgifclr cfk uilgbw‒oc`n}r c}n }ns~g}nk &

c&D]GNFKR U}ihnb{

[an Dcr{, ]nlgcmln, Gfr{cf{ Nddgbgnf{ Fn{zi}` di}Kgrm~}rnonf{ id Rn}tgbnr !D]GNFKR' U}ihnb{ acrmnnf lc~fbank mw {an r{c{n id @n}clc gf {an ri~{an}fuc}{ id {an bi~f{}w zg{a c tgnz {izc}k og{gjc{gfj {anac}kragu id bg{gxnfr ucwgfj {cqnr mw nlgogfc{gfjogkklnonf, knlcwr cfk lifj s~n~nr& Nrrnf{gcllw,D]GNFKR gr c bnf{}clgrnk billnb{gif bi~f{n} zagbacbbnu{r cloir{ cll {wunr id {cq cfk ~{glg{w ucwonf{r&[agr u}ihnb{ acr nqucfknk {i rn}tn 32 ogllgif uniuln

gf 3= kgr{}gb{r id @n}clc& [an mcrgb uagliriuaw id D]GNFKR gr {i {}nc{ bg{gxnfr cr tcl~nk b~r{ion}r&

Rgoglc}lw gf [cogl Fcgk~ r{c{n c u}gtc{n i~{dg{ “F

Li~jn‟ iddn}gfj liz bir{ {nln‒ril~{gifr acr zi}`nkzifkn}r gf Ock~}cg kgr{}gb{r mw ~rgfj {an libcl liiu{nbafilijw cfk oc`gfj ctcglcmln dgmn} iu{gb lgfnr}~ffgfj cb}irr {an kgr{}gb{, mw anlugfj u}gtc{nnf{}nu}nfn~}r }~f rn}tgbnr gfbl~kgfj {ac{ id n‒jitn}fcfbn&

m&Li`cog{}c)Roc}{ U}ihnb{Agocbacl U}cknra !AU', {an agll r{c{n id {an

bi~f{}w, acr gfg{gc{nk {an Li`cog{}c u}ihnb{ zg{a j}cf{rd}io FCMC]K {i u}itgkn {an jnfn}cl u~mlgb,nrunbgcllw {airn lgtgfj gf kgr{cf{ }~}cl c}ncr, ncrwcbbnrr {i jitn}fonf{ gfdi}oc{gif cfk dcbglg{gnr id n‒jitn}fcfbn {i {ang} kii} r{nur& Li`cog{}c“Riibafclcwc @nfk}cr‟ !gfdi}oc{gif bnf{}n‗r' actnmnnf rn{ ~u gf => ucfbacwc{ c}ncr }~f mw ~fnouliwnkwi~{a&

[anrn @nfk}cr u}itgkn b~}}nf{ gfdi}oc{gif}nlc{gfj {i {an kgr{}gb{ cfk jitn}fonf{ gfdi}oc{gif&[an jitn}fonf{ id AU acr clri kntnliunk G[ Tgrgif=535 gf billcmi}c{gif zg{a FCRRBIO !Fc{gifclCrribgc{gif id Rid{zc}n Bioucfgnr' {i biftn}{ {anagll r{c{n gf{i cf G[ knr{gfc{gif cfk clri oc`n Rgouln‒Oi}cl‒Cbbnrrgmln‒]nruifrgtn cfk [}cfruc}nf{!ROC][' Jitn}fonf{&2

Zagln {an cmitn bn}{cgflw c}n goui}{cf{ gfg{gc{gtnr{c`nf mw r{c{n cfk bnf{}cl jitn}fonf{r, {an}n r{gllfnnkr {i mn kifn c li{ oi}n mw zcw id itn}biogfj

mc}}gn}r {i kgjg{cl bitn}cjn cfk nqucfrgif cfk oir{goui}{cf{lw oc`gfj {an rcon }nlntcf{ di} Gfkgc‗ru}nrnf{ cfk d~{~}n kntnliuonf{cl fnnkr& Gf ifn id {anoir{ rgjfgdgbcf{ r{~kgnr if {an grr~n, {an dillizgfjactn mnnf gknf{gdgnk cr `nw mc}}gn}r {i m}gkjgfj {ankgjg{cl kgtgkn gf Gfkgc&

Gfd}cr{}~b{~}cl mc}}gn}rKnrug{n {an gfb}nkgmln j}iz{a id {an Gf{n}fn{ rgfbn

{an nc}lw 3775‗r, Gfkgc r{gll lcb`r c }im~r{{nlnbioo~fgbc{gif gfd}cr{}~b{~}n zg{a r~ddgbgnf{}nlgcmln mcfkzgk{a di} Gf{n}fn{ biffnb{gif& K~n {iagjan} bir{r {an fnbnrrc}w ~uj}ckgfj id ac}kzc}n cfkrid{zc}n gr kgddgb~l{0 anfbn, knrug{n {an }cugk ru}nck id

{an Gf{n}fn{ {an jcu gr j}izgfj zgkn} cr {an{nbafilijgbcl r{cfkc}k j}izr ntnf agjan}& Dcr{n}fn{zi}`r, agjan} lntnl ocbagfnr, oi}n bioulnqrid{zc}n cfk oi}n bcucmln u}idnrrgifclr c}n }ns~g}nk,m~{ gf ocfw fc{gifr gfbl~kgfj Gfkgc {an d~fkgfj gr fi{ctcglcmln {i r~uui}{ {anrn kntnliuonf{r&

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gfb}ncrgfj, uii} uniuln bcffi{ cddi}k {i actn cbbnrrk~n {i agja bir{&

Lg{n}cbw cfk r`gll mc}}gn}r

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j&Nbifiogb mc}}gn}r

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a&Bif{nf{ mc}}gn}r

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Rc`rac{ !Rcfr`}g{8 ऱशञशफ ॏ -Nomikgonf{-' zcr

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C rbctnfjgfj j}gk gr oir{ biooiflw ~rnk zg{a lc}jn

f~omn}r id knr`{iu ocbagfnr& Ocbagfnr c}n rbctnfjnk di}

ctcglcmln BU^ bwblnr cfk i{an} }nri~}bnr& Izfn}r id {an

knr`{iu ocbagfnr c}n ~r~cllw jgtnf bif{}il itn} zanf {ang}

}nri~}bnr c}n ctcglcmln {i uc}{gbguc{n gf {an j}gk&

b&Kc{c j}gk

C kc{c j}gk gr }nruifrgmln di} ai~rgfj cfk u}itgkgfj

cbbnrr {i kc{c cb}irr o~l{guln i}jcfgxc{gifr& ^rn}r c}n fi{

bifbn}fnk zg{a zan}n {agr kc{c gr libc{nk cr lifj cr {anw

actn cbbnrr {i {an kc{c&

&J]GK OIKNL U]IUIRNK8

Zn c}n ~rgfj {an Rbctnfjgfj J}gk di} i~}

goulnonf{c{gif cr lc}jn f~omn}r id knr`{iu ocbagfnr c}n

~rnk gf i~} J}gk cfk lc{n} ulcffgfj {i nq{nfk g{ mw ~rgfj

mi{a Rbctnfjgfj cfk kc{c J}gk& Dgj~}n= jgtnr cf gknc

cmi~{ {an J}gk {ac{ zn actn u}iuirnk&

n&U]IMLNOR K^N [I O^L[GULN

KIZFLICKGFJ8

Zagln cbbnrrgfj Gf{n}fn{ oir{ id ~r ogja{ actn dcbnk

{an m~}knf id o~l{guln kizflickgfj cfk gf uc}{gb~lc} zg{a

kizflickgfj a~jn dglnr g&n&, {an}n bcf mn c {i{cl cm}~u{

rwr{no dcgl~}n zagln c anctw {cr` gr crrgjfnk {i {an rwr{no&

[an rwr{no ocw acfj ~u cfk ocw mn }nmii{nk zagln rion

un}bnf{cjn id kizflickgfj ogja{ actn mnnf biouln{nk&

[agr }nmii{gfj id {an rwr{no lnckr {i kizflick id {an dgln

ifbn cjcgf d}io {an mnjgffgfj, zagba gr ifn id {an ochi}

u}imlnor ntn}wifn gr dcbgfj {ikcw&

Ln{ ~r bifrgkn} F f~omn}r id dglnr id kgddn}nf{

rgxnr !gf i}kn} id rntn}cl OMr' c}n mngfj kizflicknk if c

rgfjln rwr{no !c UB'& [agr zgll {c`n cuu}iqgoc{nlw rion

ogf~{nr i} ntnf rion ai~}r {i kizflick g{ mw ~rgfj cf

Gf{n}fn{ biffnb{gif id fi}ocl runnk zg{a c rgfjln BU^&

[agr gr ifn id {an {nkgi~r {cr`r di} {an ~rn} {i kizflick

o~l{guln dglnr c{ {an rcon {gon& I~} J}gk ulcwr c ochi} }ilnan}n&

k&NOULIWGFJ [AN JLIM^R C]BAG[NB[^]N

GF U]IUIRNK J]GK8

Zagln ulcffgfj {i goulnonf{ c J}gk u}ihnb{, zn o~r{

ckk}nrr grr~nr lg`n rnb~}g{w, ocfcjgfj cfk m}i`n}gfj {an

zi}`lick, cfk ocfcjgfj kc{c cfk }nri~}bnr gfdi}oc{gif&

Oir{ J}gk cuulgbc{gifr bif{cgf c {gja{ gf{nj}c{gif id cll

{anrn biouifnf{r&

[an Jlim~r U}ihnb{ u}itgknr iunf ri~}bn rid{zc}n

{iilr {ac{ oc`n g{ ncrgn} {i m~glk biou~{c{gifcl J}gkr cfk

J}gk/mcrnk cuulgbc{gifr& [anrn {iilr c}n billnb{gtnlw bcllnk

{an Jlim~r [iil`g{& Jlim~r [iil`g{ gr {an iunf ri~}bn J}gk

{nbafilijw di} biou~{gfj cfk kc{c J}gkr& If {an rn}tn}

rgkn, Jlim~r [iil`g{ =&= u}itgknr gf{n}dcbnr gf B& If {an

blgnf{ rgkn, g{ u}itgknr gf{n}dcbnr gf B, Hctc lcfj~cjn, cfki{an} lcfj~cjnr& If {an blgnf{ rgkn, {an Hctc gf{n}dcbnr c}n

u}itgknk mw {an Hctc Biooikg{w J}gk !BiJ' @g{& Jlim~r

}~fr if Lgf~q, CGQ, AU/^Q, Rilc}gr, cfk clri if zgfkizr

iun}c{gfj rwr{nor&

[an Jlim~r c}bag{nb{~}n }nu}nrnf{r c o~l{guln/lcwn}

oiknl& [an libcl rn}tgbnr lcwn} bif{cgfr {an iun}c{gfj

rwr{no rn}tgbnr cfk fn{zi}` rn}tgbnr lg`n [BU)GU& Gf

ckkg{gif, {an}n c}n {an rn}tgbnr u}itgknk mw bl~r{n}

rbank~lgfj rid{zc}n !lg`n GMO Lick Lntnln}' // him/

r~mogrrgif, s~n}w id s~n~nr, cfk ri di}{a& [an bl~r{n}

rbank~lgfj rid{zc}n cllizr c mn{{n} ~rn id {an nqgr{gfj

bl~r{n} }nri~}bnr& [an agjan} lcwn}r id {an Jlim~r oiknl

nfcmln {an gf{nj}c{gif id o~l{guln i} an{n}ijnfni~rbl~r{n}r&

[an Jlim~r [iil`g{ !J[' zcr kntnliunk mw Jlimcl

Cllgcfbn, c kgtgrgif id Jlimcl J}gk Di}~o& Jlimcl Cllgcfbn

biou}grnr id ]$K }nrnc}ba j}i~ur mcrnk c{ rntn}cl

~fgtn}rg{gnr r~ba cr {an ^fgtn}rg{w id Bagbcji, {an

^fgtn}rg{w id Nkgfm~}ja cfk {an ^fgtn}rg{w id Ri~{an}f

Bclgdi}fgc& J[ gr {an kn dcb{i r{cfkc}k di} j}gk biou~{gfj

P=_ cfk g{ gr biou}grnk id 2 ocgf rn}tgbnr8

[an bi}n rn}tgbnr8

Mcrgb gfd}cr{}~b{~}nr {i nfcmln j}gk biou~{gfj r~ba cr8

}nri~}bn ocfcjnonf{ di} fcogfj cfk libc{gfj

biou~{c{gifcl }nri~}bnr if }noi{n rwr{nor, rnb~}g{w cfk

rwr{no lntnl rn}tgbnr, cfk oifg{i} r{c{~r&

Rnb~}g{w rn}tgbnr8

Rnb~}g{w gr goulnonf{nk ~rgfj {an r{cfkc}k JRG !J}gk

Rnb~}g{w Gfd}cr{}~b{~}n' cfk BCR

!Bioo~fg{w C~{ai}gxc{gif Rn}tgbn'& JRG iddn}r

rn}tgbnr r~ba cr mcrgb bn}{gdgbc{gif, U@G, cfk ocfw i{an}

rnb~}g{w lgm}c}gnr&

Kc{c)]nri~}bn Ocfcjnonf{

U}i{ibilr {i nfr~}n }cugk cfk rnb~}n kc{c {}cfrdn}

coifj }nri~}bn fiknr& [an}n c}n ; u}i{ibilr8J}gkD[U, ]nlgcmln Dgln [}cfrdn} !]D[', ]nulgbc

Libc{gif Rn}tgbn !]LR', cfk Nq{nfrgmln

Gfu~{)i~{u~{ !QGI'& J]CO !Jlim~r ]nri~}bn

Cllibc{gif Ocfcjn}r' gr {an Kc{c Ocfcjnonf{ di} J[&

[n}cJ}gk P>_, [GJN], cfk [cgzcf ^fgJ}gk P4_ gr nqcoulnr

id j}gk u}ihnb{r {ac{ ~rn J[&

d&J}gk Rnb~}g{w Gfd}cr{}~b{~}n !JRG'8

JRG u}itgknr nlnonf{r di} rnb~}n c~{anf{gbc{gif cfk

bioo~fgbc{gif gf c j}gk& [an gfd}cr{}~b{~}n gr mcrnk if {an

RRL u}i{ibil !Rnb~}n Rib`n{ Lcwn}', u~mlgb `nw

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuul gbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ =:




nfb}wu{gif, cfk q&>57 bn}{gdgbc{nr& Di} c rgfjln rgjf/if,

Jlim~r ckk rion nq{nfrgifr if JRG& G{ gr mcrnk if {an

Jnfn}gb Rnb~}g{w Rn}tgbn CUG, zagba c r{cfkc}k CUG gr

u}ioi{nk mw {an Gf{n}fn{ Nfjgfnn}gfj [cr` Di}bn !GN[D'&

[anrn c}n {an ocgf d~fb{gifr goulnonf{nk mw JRG8

Rgfjln)o~{~cl c~{anf{gbc{gif

Bifdgknf{gcl bioo~fgbc{gif

C~{ai}gxc{gif

Knlnjc{gif

n&J}gk ]nri~}bn Cllibc{gif Ocfcjn} !J]CO'8

J]CO gr {an oik~ln {ac{ u}itgknr {an }noi{n

nqnb~{gif cfk r{c{~r ocfcjnonf{ id {an nqnb~{gif& Zanf c

him gr r~mog{{nk mw c blgnf{, {an }ns~nr{ gr rnf{ {i {an

}noi{n air{ cfk acfklnk mw {an jc{n`nnun} kcnoif libc{nk

gf {an }noi{n air{& [anf {an jc{n`nnun} b}nc{nr c himocfcjn} {i r{c}{ cfk oifg{i} {an him& Zanf {an him gr

dgfgrank, {an him ocfcjn} rnfkr {an r{c{~r gfdi}oc{gif mcb`

{i {an Blgnf{ cfk {n}ogfc{nr&

Jlimcl Cbbnrr {i Rnbifkc}w R{i}cjn !JCRR'

J]CO ~rnr JCRR di} u}itgkgfj {an onbacfgro {i

{}cfrdn} {an i~{u~{ dgln d}io rn}tn}r {i blgnf{r& Rion CUGr

c}n u}itgknk ~fkn} {an JRG u}i{ibil {i d~}fgra 321

Gf{}ik~b{gif {i J}gk Biou~{gfj zg{a Jlim~r

Rnb~}n {}cfrdn}r& [agr onbacfgro gr ~rnk mw {an

jlim~r}~f bioocfk, jc{n`nnun}, cfk him ocfcjn}&

d&Oifg{i}gfj cfk Kgrbitn}w Rn}tgbn !OKR'8

OKR u}itgknr cbbnrr {i r{c{gb cfk kwfcogb

gfdi}oc{gif id }nri~}bnr& Mcrgbcllw, g{ bif{cgfr {an

dillizgfj biouifnf{r8

J}gk ]nri~}bn Gfdi}oc{gif Rn}tgbn

!J]GR'

J}gk Gfknq Gfdi}oc{gif Rn}tgbn !JGGR'

Gfdi}oc{gif U}itgkn}

OKR blgnf{

a&J}gk ]nri~}bn Gfdi}oc{gif Rn}tgbn !J]GR'J]GR gr {an }nuirg{i}w id libcl }nri~}bn gfdi}oc{gif

kn}gtnk d}io gfdi}oc{gif u}itgkn}r& J]GR gr cmln {i

}njgr{n} g{r gfdi}oc{gif zg{a c JGGR, m~{ J]GR g{rnld kinr

fi{ }nbngtn }njgr{}c{gif }ns~nr{r& [an libcl gfdi}oc{gif

ocgf{cgfnk mw J]GR gr ~ukc{nk zanf }ns~nr{nk, cfk

bcbank di} c un}gik id {gon `fizf cr {an {gon/{i/lgtn

![[L'& Gd fi }ns~nr{ di} {an gfdi}oc{gif gr }nbngtnk mw

J]GR, {an gfdi}oc{gif zgll {gon i~{ cfk mn knln{nk& Gd c

lc{n} }ns~nr{ di} {an gfdi}oc{gif gr }nbngtnk, J]GR zgll bcll

{an }nlntcf{ gfdi}oc{gif u}itgkn}!r' {i }n{}gntn {an lc{nr{

gfdi}oc{gif&

g&J}gk Gfknq Gfdi}oc{gif Rn}tgbn !JGGR'8

JGGR gr {an }nuirg{i}w {ac{ bif{cgfr gfknqnr id }nri~}bn

gfdi}oc{gif }njgr{n}nk mw {an J]GR cfk i{an} JGGRr& G{ bcfmn rnnf cr c j}gk zgkn gfdi}oc{gif rn}tn}& JGGR acr c

agn}c}bagbcl onbacfgro, lg`n KFR, cfk ncba JGGR acr g{r

izf fcon& [agr oncfr blgnf{ ~rn}r bcf runbgdw {an fcon id

c JGGR fikn {i rnc}ba di}

gfdi}oc{gif&

h&Rnb~}g{w

Rnb~}g{w gr c o~ba oi}n goui}{cf{ dcb{i} gf ulcffgfj

cfk ocgf{cgfgfj c j}gk {acf gf biftnf{gifcl kgr{}gm~{nk

biou~{gfj, zan}n kc{c rac}gfj biou}grnr {an m~l` id {an

cb{gtg{w& Gf c j}gk, {an onomn} ocbagfnr c}n bifdgj~}nk {i

nqnb~{n u}ij}cor }c{an} {acf h~r{ oitn kc{c& [agr oc`nr

cf ~frnb~}nk j}gk ui{nf{gcllw dn}{gln j}i~fk di} tg}~rnr cfk[}ihcf ai}rn u}ij}cor& Di} {agr }ncrif, g{ gr goui}{cf{ {i

~fkn}r{cfk nqcb{lw zagba biouifnf{r id {an j}gk o~r{

mn }gji}i~rlw rnb~}nk {i kn{n} cfw `gfk id c{{cb`&

D~}{an}oi}n, g{ gr goui}{cf{ {i ~fkn}r{cfk {an grr~nr

gftiltnk gf c~{anf{gbc{gfj ~rn}r cfk u}iun}lw nqnb~{gfj {an

}nruifrgmglg{gnr id c Bn}{gdgbc{n C~{ai}g{w&

a&Bn}{gdgbc{n c~{ai}g{w

[an u}goc}w }nruifrgmglg{gnr id c Bn}{gdgbc{n C~{ai}g{w

c}n8

Uirg{gtnlw gknf{gdw nf{g{gnr }ns~nr{gfj

bn}{gdgbc{nr

Grr~gfj, }noitgfj, cfk c}bagtgfj

bn}{gdgbc{nr

U}i{nb{gfj {an Bn}{gdgbc{n C~{ai}g{w

rn}tn}

Ocgf{cgfgfj c fconrucbn id ~fgs~n

fconr di} bn}{gdgbc{n izfn}r

Rn}tn rgjfnk bn}{gdgbc{nr {i {airn

fnnkgfj {i c~{anf{gbc{n nf{g{gnr

Lijjgfj cb{gtg{w

M}gndlw, c Bn}{gdgbc{n C~{ai}g{w gr mcrnk if {an u~mlgb

`nw nfb}wu{gif rwr{no& Gf {agr rwr{no, `nwr c}n jnfn}c{nk

gf ucg}r, c u~mlgb `nw cfk c u}gtc{n `nw& Ng{an} ifn bcf mn~rnk {i nfb}wu{ rion kc{c r~ba {ac{ {an i{an} gr fnnknk {i

knb}wu{ g{& [an u}gtc{n `nw gr j~c}knk mw {an izfn} cfk

fntn} }ntnclnk {i cfwifn& [an u~mlgb ifn gr jgtnf {i

cfwifn fnnkgfj g{& C Bn}{gdgbc{n C~{ai}g{w gr ~rnk {i ailk

[anrn u~mlgb `nwr cfk {i j~c}cf{nn zai {anw mnlifj {i&

Zanf c ~rn} ~rnr agr u}gtc{n `nw {i nfb}wu{ rion{agfj, {an

}nbngtn} ~rnr {an bi}}nruifkgfj u~mlgb `nw {i knb}wu{ g{&

[an }nbngtn} `fizr {ac{ iflw {ac{ ~rn}‗r u~mlgb `nw bcf

knb}wu{ {an onrrcjn bi}}nb{lw& Aizntn}, cfwifn bi~lk

gf{n}bnu{ {agr onrrcjn cfk knb}wu{ g{ mnbc~rn cfwifn bcf

jn{ {an i}gjgfc{i}‗r u~mlgb `nw& Gd {an i}gjgfc{i} gfr{nck





ki~mlw nfb}wu{r {an onrrcjn zg{a agr u}gtc{n `nw cfk {an

gf{nfknk }nbgugnf{‗r u~mlgb `nw, c rnb~}n bioo~fgbc{gif

lgf` gr di}onk& [an }nbngtn} ~rnr agr u}gtc{n `nw {i knb}wu{

{an onrrcjn cfk {anf ~rnr {an rnfkn}‗r u~mlgb `nw di} {anrnbifk knb}wu{gif& Fiz {an }nbgugnf{ `fizr {ac{ gd {an

onrrcjn knb}wu{r u}iun}lw, {anf iflw {an rnfkn} bi~lk

actn rnf{ g{ cfk d~}{an}oi}n, {an rnfkn} `fizr {ac{ iflw

{an gf{nfknk }nbngtn} bcf knb}wu{ g{& [an mnc~{w id cll id

{agr gr {ac{ fimikw ack {i rnb~}nlw bc}}w cf nfb}wu{gif `nw

d}io {an rnfkn} {i {an }nbngtn},

`&Rbank~ln}r

Oir{ j}gk rwr{nor gfbl~kn rion ri}{ id him rbank~lgfj

rid{zc}n& [agr rid{zc}n libc{nr c ocbagfn if zagba {i }~f

c j}gk him {ac{ acr mnnf r~mog{{nk mw c ~rn}& Gf {an rgoulnr{

bcrnr, g{ ocw h~r{ mlgfklw crrgjf himr gf c }i~fk/}imgf

dcragif {i {an fnq{ ocbagfn oc{bagfj {an }nri~}bn}ns~g}nonf{r& Aizntn}, {an}n c}n cktcf{cjnr {i ~rgfj c

oi}n cktcfbnk rbank~ln}& Rion rbank~ln}r goulnonf{ c

him u}gi}g{w rwr{no& [agr gr rion{gonr kifn mw ~rgfj

rntn}cl him s~n~nr, ncba zg{a c kgddn}nf{ u}gi}g{w& Cr j}gk

ocbagfnr mnbion ctcglcmln {i nqnb~{n himr, {an himr c}n

{c`nf d}io {an agjanr{ u}gi}g{w s~n~nr dg}r{& Uilgbgnr id

tc}gi~r `gfkr c}n clri goulnonf{nk ~rgfj rbank~ln}r&

Uilgbgnr bcf gfbl~kn tc}gi~r `gfkr id bifr{}cgf{r if himr,

~rn}r, cfk }nri~}bnr& Di} nqcouln, {an}n ocw mn c uilgbw

{ac{ }nr{}gb{r j}gk himr d}io nqnb~{gfj c{ bn}{cgf {gonr id

{an kcw&

Oi}n cktcfbnk rbank~ln}r zgll oifg{i} {an u}ij}nrr id

rbank~lnk himr ocfcjgfj {an itn}cll zi}`/dliz& Gd {an himr

c}n lir{ k~n {i rwr{no i} fn{zi}` i~{cjnr, c jiik

rbank~ln} zgll c~{ioc{gbcllw }nr~mog{ {an him nlrnzan}n&

Aizntn}, gd c him cuunc}r {i mn gf cf gfdgfg{n liiu cfk

}ncbanr c ocqgo~o {goni~{, {anf r~ba himr rai~lk fi{ mn

}nrbank~lnk& [wugbcllw, himr actn kgddn}nf{ `gfkr id

biouln{gif biknr, rion id zagba c}n r~g{cmln di} }n/

r~mogrrgif cfk rion id zagba c}n fi{&

T& Oifg{i}gfj u}ij}nrr cfk

}nbitn}w

C j}gk rwr{no, gf bifh~fb{gif zg{a g{r him rbank~ln},

id{nf u}itgknr rion knj}nn id }nbitn}w di} r~m himr {ac{dcgl& C him ocw dcgl k~n {i c8

U}ij}coogfj n}}i}8 [an him r{iur uc}{

zcw zg{a rion u}ij}co dc~l{&

Ac}kzc}n i} uizn} dcgl~}n8 [an ocbagfn

i} kntgbnr mngfj ~rnk r{iu zi}`gfj gf rion zcw&

Bioo~fgbc{gifr gf{n}}~u{gif8 C

bioo~fgbc{gif uc{a {i {an ocbagfn acr dcglnk i}

gr itn}licknk zg{a i{an} kc{c {}cddgb&

Nqbnrrgtn rlizfnrr8 [an him ogja{ mn gf

cf gfdgfg{n liiu i} fi}ocl him u}ij}nrr ocw mn

lgog{nk mw cfi{an} u}ibnrr }~ffgfj c{ c agjan}

u}gi}g{w i} rion i{an} di}o id bif{nf{gif&

G{ gr fi{ clzcwr uirrgmln {i c~{ioc{gbcllw kn{n}ogfn gd

{an }ncrif di} c him‗r dcgl~}ngr k~n {i c u}imlno zg{a {an knrgjf id {an cuulgbc{gif i}

gd g{ gr k~n {i dcgl~}nr id

tc}gi~r `gfkr gf {an j}gk rwr{no gfd}cr{}~b{~}n&

Rbank~ln}r c}n id{nf knrgjfnk {i

bc{nji}gxn him dcgl~}nr gf rion zcw cfk c~{ioc{gbcllw

}nr~mog{ himr ri {ac{ {anw

c}n lg`nlw {i r~bbnnk, }~ffgfj nlrnzan}n if {an j}gk&

g&Bioo~fgbc{gifr

C j}gk rwr{no ocw gfbl~kn rid{zc}n {i anlu himr

bioo~fgbc{n zg{a ncba i{an}& [an iunf r{cfkc}k Onrrcjn

Ucrrgfj Gf{n}dcbn !OUG' cfk cfw id rntn}cl tc}gc{gifr gr

id{nf gfbl~knk cr uc}{ id {an j}gk rwr{no di} h~r{ {agr `gfkid bioo~fgbc{gif

h&CBBNRRGFJ [AN GF[]CFN[ J]GK8

Zanf cfw ~rn} zcf{r {i cbbnrr i~} u}iuirnk Gf{}cfn{

J}gk gf i}kn} {i kizflick o~l{guln dglnr itn} {an Gf{n}fn{,

{anf an rai~lk dilliz bn}{cgf u}ibnk~}nr {ac{ zn bifrgkn}

fnbnrrc}w di} {an rnb~}g{w id i~} J}gk& [an ocgf

]ns~g}nonf{r di} U}ibnrrgfj gf J}gk Nftg}ifonf{ c}n8

Rnb~}g{w8 Rgfjln rgjf/if, c~{anf{gbc{gif,

c~{ai}gxc{gif, cfk rnb~}n kc{c {}cfrdn}&

]nri~}bn Ocfcjnonf{8 ]noi{n him r~mogrrgif

cfk ocfcjnonf{&

Kc{c Ocfcjnonf{8 Rnb~}n cfk }im~r{ kc{c

oitnonf{&

Gfdi}oc{gif Rn}tgbnr8 Kg}nb{i}w rn}tgbnr id

ctcglcmln }nri~}bnr cfk {ang} r{c{~r&

Dc~l{ Kn{nb{gif8 Banb`gfj {an

gf{}cfn{&

Ui}{cmglg{w8 B mgfkgfjr !anckn} dglnr' fnnknk {i

m~glk cfk biougln u}ij}cor

&

TG& Nqgr{gfj Clji}g{ao di} Jlim~r C}bag{nb{~}n

B}nc{n rnb~}g{w u}iqw tgc JRG

rn}tgbnr

Cbbnrr c OKR/JGGR rn}tn} Rnc}ba di} }ns~g}nk ocbagfn!r'

]cf` {an ocbagfn lgr{ mcrnk if c rbank~lgfj

uilgbw

U}nuc}n {an kc{c

[}cfrdn} {an kc{c {i {an {c}jn{ ocbagfn mw

~rgfj JCRR rn}tgbnr

U}nuc}n c ]RL kib~onf{

R~mog{ {an u}ij}co ~rgfj J]CO rn}tgbnr

]ncb{ {i r{c{~r bacfjnr d}io J]CO

Jn{ }nr~l{r tgc JCRR





An}n, zn actn ji{ {an }nri~}bnr ctcglcmln gf {an

Fn{zi}` zagba gr c~{ioc{gbcllw kifn mw actn {an Jlim~r

[iil`g{ gf {an rn}tn}& Zanf zn zcf{ {i kizflick c dgln {agr

gfdi}oc{gif acr {i mn oc{bank zg{a {an blgnf{ oik~ln cfk{anf {an kizflickgfj acr {i mn bc}}gnk i~{ gf {an blgnf{r&

Di} {agr zn actn ckknk rion oik~lnr {i {an J}gk

C}bag{nb{~}n&

Ckknk oik~ln8

Jn{ {an Gfdi}oc{gif cmi~{ dglnr {i mn

kizflicknk&

Oc{ba {an dglnr zg{a cuu}iu}gc{n Ocbagfnr&

R{i}n dglnr gf biooif kc{cmcrn&

]n{}gntcl id kc{c d}io kc{cmcrn gr kifn cd{n}

u}iun} c~{anf{gbc{gif&

=5& UU]IUIRNK CLJI]G[AO DI]

GF[]CFN[ U]IUIRNK J]GK8R{nur {i un}di}o o~l{guln kizflickgfj gf {an J}gk, [an

air{ kn{cglr c}n ji{ d}io {an rn}tn} id {an LCF gf i}kn} {i

gknf{gdw {an tc}gi~r air{r&

[an air{ gfdi}oc{gif gr ji{ zanfntn} fnnknk if {an

u}gi}g{w s~n~n mcrgr&

))oik~ln di} kizflickgfj dglnr

R{c}{ lii`~u )) lii` di} dgln rgxn cfk

}nri~}bn gfdi}oc{gif

Knblc}n f}nr, fdgln )) fi id }nri~}bnr

ctcglcmln cfk fi id dglnr

Gfu~{ f}nr, fdglnr

Gfu~{ rgxn )) {an dgln rgxn

Gfg{gclgxn U3 }nr gfdi )) r{i}n {an

}nri~}bn gfdi}oc{gif gf u}gi}g{w s~n~n U3 zg{a agjanr{

rwr{no bifdgj~}c{gif cr u}gi}g{w

Gfg{gclgxn U= dgln rgxn )) r{i}n {an dgln

gfdi}oc{gif gf {an u}gi}g{w s~n~n U= zg{a ocqgo~o dgln

rgxn cr u}gi}g{w

Gd bifkg{gif !fdglnr ?? f}nr' )) banb`

zan{an} {an fi id }nri~}bnr gr ns~cl {i fi id dglnr

Gfg{gclgxn bi~f{n}

Di} !bi~f{n} ?30 bi~f{n} <? f}nr0

bi~f{n}++' )) gfg{gclgxn {an liiu {i crrgjf {an dglnr&

Crrgjf {an 3r{

dgln id U= {i {an 3r{

fikn gf U3& )) dg}r{ fikn zgll mn fikn zg{a agjanr{ bifdgj~}c{gif cfk

dg}r{ dgln zgll mn {an dgln zg{a ocqgo~o rgxn&

R{c}{ u}ibnrrgfj )) dglnr kg}nb{nk {i {an

cuu}iu}gc{n rwr{no di} cbbnrrgfj {ang} zcr{nk BU^

bwblnr&

Liiu

Nlrn8

R{c}{ {gon}

Knlcw 3 ogf

Billnb{ gfbiogfj dglnr )) {an dglnr {ac{ {an ~rn}

blgb`nk {i kizflick gf {agr k~}c{gif&

Crrgjf {an dglnr U=

Ji{i r{nu 1

Ji{i r{nu 3

Nfk )) zanf {an ~rn} nqg{r d}io u}iuirnkJ}gk&

=3& MNFNDG[R ID J]GK

BIOU^[GFJ8

J}gk biou~{gfj nfcmlnr i}jcfgxc{gifr {i

cjj}njc{n }nri~}bnr zg{agf cf nf{g}n G[ gfd}cr{}~b{~}n fi

oc{{n} zan}n gf {an zi}lk {anw c}n libc{nk& G{ nlgogfc{nr

rg{~c{gifr zan}n ifn rg{n gr }~ffgfj if ocqgo~o bcucbg{w,

zagln i{an}r actn bwblnr {i ruc}n&

J}gk biou~{gfj nfcmlnr bioucfgnr {i cbbnrr cfk

rac}n }noi{n kc{cmcrnr& [agr gr nrunbgcllw mnfndgbgcl {i {an

lgdn rbgnfbnr cfk }nrnc}ba bioo~fg{gnr, zan}n nfi}oi~r

til~onr id kc{c c}n jnfn}c{nk cfk cfclwxnk k~}gfj cfw

jgtnf kcw&

J}gk biou~{gfj nfcmlnr zgknlw kgrun}rnk

i}jcfgxc{gifr {i ncrglw billcmi}c{n if u}ihnb{r mw b}nc{gfj

{an cmglg{w {i rac}n ntn}w{agfj d}io rid{zc}n cuulgbc{gifr

cfk kc{c, {i nfjgfnn}gfj ml~nu}gf{r&

J}gk biou~{gfj bcf b}nc{n c oi}n }im~r{ cfk

}nrglgnf{ G[ gfd}cr{}~b{~}n mn{{n} cmln {i }nruifk {i ogfi}

i} ochi} kgrcr{n}r&

C j}gk bcf ac}fnrr {an gkln u}ibnrrgfj bwblnr {ac{

c}n ctcglcmln gf knr`{iu UBr libc{nk gf tc}gi~r libc{gifr

cb}irr o~l{guln {gon xifnr& Di} nqcouln, UBr {ac{ zi~lk{wugbcllw }nocgf gkln itn}fgja{ c{ c bioucfw*r [i`wi

ocf~dcb{~}gfj ulcf{ bi~lk mn ~{glgxnk k~}gfj {an kcw mw g{r

Fi}{a Con}gbcf iun}c{gifr&

T& BIFBL^RGIF

J}gk biou~{gfj zcr ifbn rcgk {i mn dckgfj i~{ m~{ k~n

{i {an {nbafilijgbcl biftn}jnfbn g{ gr mliiogfj ifbn cjcgf

cfk {an Gf{}cfn{ J}gk zn actn u}iuirnk ckkr c oglnr{ifn

di} {an Jlimclgxc{gif id J}gk C}bag{nb{~}n, zagba, lnckr {i

{an acr{w biou~{gfj {ac{ gr jigfj {i bifs~n} {an zi}lk gf

{an fnc}nr{ d~{~}n& Mw goulnonf{gfj i~} u}iuirnk Gf{}cfn{

J}gk g{ gr tn}w ncrw {i kizflick o~l{guln dglnr tn}w dcr{ cfk

fi fnnk {i zi}}w cmi~{ {an rnb~}g{w cr zn c}nc~{anf{gbc{gfj ncba cfk ntn}w r{nu {c`gfj ulcbn gf i~} J}gk

cfk gf uc}{gb~lc} ~rn} {i cbbnrr {an kc{cmcrn& D~}{an}

goulnonf{c{gifr bi~lk mn bc}}gnk i~{ gf {an fnc}nr{ d~{~}n&

]NDN]NFBNR

P3_&U Ulcrxbxc`, ] Znllfn}, J}gk biou~{gfj, =55>, Nlrntgn})Oi}jcf

@c~docff, Rcf D}cfbgrbiP=_D}cfbnrbi Lnllg, N}gb D}gxxgn}i, Ogbanln J~logfg, Jcn{cfi Oc}if,

Rcltc{i}n I}lcfki, Cfk}nc Un{}~bbg cfk Rgltcfi Rs~gxxc{i& [an ocfw

dcbnr id {an gf{nj}c{gif id gfr{}~onf{r cfk {an j}gk& Gf{n}fc{gifcl Hi~}fcl

id Znm cfk J}gk Rn}tgbnr =55: ‒ Til& 2, Fi&2





P2_D}cf Mn}ocf, Jnidd}nw Diq, Cf{aifw H& J& Anw J}gk biou~{gfj, =55>,

Nlrntgn})Oi}jcf @c~docff, Rcf D}cfbgrbi

P;_Ucznl Ulcrxbxc`, ]gbac}k Znllfn}Hirç Bc}kiri B~fac, Ion} ]cfc

Lgxan Zcfj, Zng Hgn, Hgfh~f BanfD~fkconf{clr id J}gk Biou~{gfj8

[ani}w, Clji}g{aor cfk [nbafilijgnr MW D}çkç}gb

P>_Cktcfbnr gf j}gk biou~{gfj // NJB =55>8 N~}iuncf J}gk Bifdn}nfbn,

&&& Un{n} Rlii{P4_J}gk biou~{gfj8 {an fnz d}if{gn} id agja un}di}ocfbn biou~{gfj/

L~bgi J}cfkgfn{{g

P:_ Kgr{}gm~{nk kc{c ocfcjnonf{ di} j}gk biou~{gfj/Ogbacnl Kg R{ndcfi

P1_J}gk [nbafilijw cfk Cuulgbc{gifr8 ]nbnf{ Kntnliuonf{r/J& C&J}cttcfgr, A& ]& C}cmgfc,

P7_Cktcfbnr gf j}gk cfk un}tcrgtn biou~{gfj8 {ag}k gf{n}fc{gifcl/Rifj

Z~, Lc~}nfbn [gcf}~i Wcfj, [ifw Lg Q~







GRMF8 7:1/13/7=5>:>/:/4 88 kig8 35& :;31: )GRMFY5:41

CBO "8 kmn}&gon}c&35& :;31:

FCFI[NBAFILIJW [AN FNZ ^UJ]CKN DI] BIOU^[N]R

C&]COWCR]NNCddglgc{nk {i Cffc ^fgtn}rg{w, Banffcg&

M&N Dgfcl Wnc} BRN,

OCGLCO NFJGFNN]GFJ BILLNJN& Ocglco&

[cogl Fck~, Gfkgc&

Cmr{}cb{‛“ [an Fnq{ Mgj [agfj Gr ]ncllw Rocll‟ / @& N}gb

K}nqln}, Di~fkn} cfk Bacg}ocf, Di}nrgja{ Gfr{g{~{n, cfk

U}nkgb{gifr, imrn}tgfj {an }grn id {an a~ocf knunfknfbn if

{an rnb{i} id Fcfi [nbafilijw& Fcfi {nbafilijw gr fi{ h~r{

r{~kwgfj ntn}w dgnlk gf c lc}jn} rbiun m~{ kn}gtgfj cf

nfi}oi~r kntnliuonf{ gf gou}itcmln c}ncr lg`n ~rcjn id

FT]CO $ lc}jn} onoi}w r{i}cjn gf g{, ^rn id {an

fcfiocjfn{gro gfg{gc{gtn zagba u}itgknr cf gf{n}kgrbgulgfc}wd}conzi}` {i anlu r{cjn {an fnq{ cktcfbn gf bioulnq

oc{n}gclr }nrnc}ba {ac{ bcf mn ~rnk gf Biou~{n} rbgnfbnr

Cuulgbc{gif id fcfib}wr{clr $ fcfibiou~{n}, Oilnb~lc} cfk

S~cf{~o cfk Fcfi Biou~{gfj cfk Fcfionbacfgbcl

biou~{gfj, ^rcjn id J}cuanfn bagur gfr{nck id rglgbif&

G& GF[]IK^B[GIF

C mcrgb kndgfg{gif8 Fcfi{nbafilijw gr {an nfjgfnn}gfj

id d~fb{gifcl rwr{nor c{ {an oilnb~lc} rbcln&

[agr bitn}r mi{a b~}}nf{ zi}` cfk bifbnu{r {ac{ c}n

oi}n cktcfbnk& Gf g{r i}gjgfcl rnfrn, *fcfi{nbafilijw*

}ndn}r {i {an u}ihnb{nk cmglg{w {i bifr{}~b{ g{nor d}io {an

mi{{io ~u, ~rgfj {nbafgs~nr cfk {iilr mngfj kntnliunk

{ikcw {i oc`n biouln{n, agja un}di}ocfbn u}ik~b{r&K}gtnf mw }cugk {nbafilijgbcl cktcfbnr zg{agf {an ucr{

{zi knbcknr, biou~{gfj cfk agja/runnk fn{zi}`gfjr actn

non}jnk cr uizn}d~l {iilr di} rbgnfbn cfk c}n ntnf

bacfjgfj {an zcwr gf zagba oikn}f rbgnfbn gr bifk~b{nk&

KIN gr c fc{gifcl lnckn} gf {an rbgnf{gdgb biou~{gfj dgnlk‒

r~uui}{gfj d~fkconf{cl }nrnc}ba gf cktcfbnk rbgnf{gdgb

biou~{gfj, cuulgnk oc{anoc{gbr, biou~{n} rbgnfbn, cfk

fn{zi}`gfj& [an KIN biou~{c{gifcl gfd}cr{}~b{~}n

u}itgknr zi}lk/blcrr, agja/un}di}ocfbn biou~{c{gifcl cfk

fn{zi}`gfj {iilr {ac{ nfcmln rbgnf{gdgb, nfn}jw,

nftg}ifonf{cl, cfk fc{gifcl rnb~}g{w }nrnc}ba&

Oi}n {acf =;55 rbgnf{gr{r gf ~fgtn}rg{gnr, dnkn}cl

cjnfbgnr, cfk ^&R& bioucfgnr ~rn KIN/!KNUC][ONF[ID NFN]JW/Zcragfj{if K&B' d~fknk agja/un}di}ocfbn

biou~{n}r& ]nrnc}ba bioo~fg{gnr {ac{ mnfndg{ d}io {anrn

}nri~}bnr gfbl~kn r{}~b{~}cl mgilijw0 r~un}bifk~b{i}

{nbafilijw0 onkgbcl }nrnc}ba cfk {nbafilijw kntnliuonf{0

oc{n}gclr, banogbcl cfk ulcroc rbgnfbnr0 agja nfn}jw cfk

f~blnc} uawrgbr0 cfk nftg}ifonf{cl cfk c{oiruan}gb

}nrnc}ba&

GG& FCFI BIOU^[GFJ

S~cf{~o Fcfi biou~{gfj cfk s~cf{~o biou~{n}r c}n

gf cktcfbnk r{cjnr id kntnliuonf{ k~n {i }nbnf{

fcfi{nbafilijw cktcfbnr gf {anrn c}ncr& [anrn biou~{n}r

u}iogrn {i mn ri dcr{ cfk uizn}d~l {ac{ i~} oikn}f

r~un}biou~{n}r zgll mn lg{{ln oi}n {acf {iwr gf wnc}r {ibion& [an u}imlno gr {ac{ {ang} rann} bcucbg{w di}

u}ibnrrgfj kc{c oncfr {ac{ {anw zgll lg`nlw mn cmln {i

}nckglw b}cb` ntnf {an oir{ cktcfbnk nfb}wu{gif on{aikr

{a}i~ja m}~{n di}bn&

Biou~{n}r ulcw c ugti{cl uc}{ gf fcfi{nbafilijw cr

{anw clliz ~r {i kntnliu c{iogb oiknlr cfk di}nrnn {an

Fcfi kntgbnr zn knrg}n& D~}{an}oi}n, cr fcfi{nbafilijw

ntiltnr, fnz, oi}n uizn}d~l biou~{n}r zgll non}jn,

zagba zgll lnck {i m}nc`{a}i~jar gf fcfi{nbafilijw cfk

wn{ {i oi}n uizn}d~l biou~{n}r& Anfbn zn zgll actn c

bwbln id rbgnf{gdgb kgrbitn}w ~fu}nbnknf{nk gf a~ocf

agr{i}w& G{ zgll mn {an rgfj~lc}g{w&

C& BIFRNS^NFBNR8

Mnbc~rn id {an rgfj~lc}g{w, g{ gr rai}{rgja{nk {i kgrb~rr

{an cuulgbc{gifr id fcfi{nba, m~{ an}n*r cf c{{nou{8 Gf

biou~{n} rbgnfbn, zn zi~lk actn fcfibiou~{n} {ac{

zi~lk iunf {an kii} di} cfk}igkr cfk c}{gdgbgcl

gf{nllgjnfbnr& Fcfi{nba zi~lk kntnliu cf c}ow id

oilnb~lc} }imi{r cfk fcfikntgbnr {ac{ zi~lk clliz ~r {i

biouln{nlw kiogfc{n Fc{~}n& Zn fiz kiogfc{n g{ c{ c

ocb}irbiugb lntnl0 zn zi~lk {anf kiogfc{n g{ c{ c

ogb}irbiugb lntnl, {ii& Zg{a oilnb~lc} onkgbgfn zn zi~lk

nlgogfc{n ocfw, gd fi{ cll, kgrncrnr zg{a gf{nllgjnf{

oilnb~lnr bcucmln id }nucg}gfj cfk bacfjgfj i~} bnllr& H~r{

di} b~}girg{w, ow dg}r{ gknc {izc}kr nfkgfj cjgfj, gfrug}nkmw {an lnjnfkc}w [T rn}gnr [}cfrdi}on}r zagba zn ~rnk {i

zc{ba j}izgfj ~u, zcr {i ~rn ogb}irbiugb kntgbnr bcucmln

id {~}fgfj i~} fn~}ifr gf{i on{cl ifnr zg{a c dc} j}nc{n}

r{}nfj{a cfk {an}ndi}n gouirrgmln {i `gll&

Gf rwfn}jw zg{a i{an} {nbafilijgnr r~ba cr jnfn{gb

nfjgfnn}gfj, {an bacfjnr ncba id ~r bi~lk u~}r~n zi~lk mn

r{cjjn}gfj0 d}io actgfj c r`gf gft~lfn}cmln {i m~lln{r {i

c~jonf{gfj i~} uawrgbcl cfk urwbailijgbcl bcucbg{gnr&

Gfk~r{}gcl, cj}gb~l{~}cl, cfk nftg}ifonf{cl cuulgbc{gifr c}n

cloir{ ~fgocjgfcmln c{ {agr r{cjn8 n}ckgbc{gfj a~fjn},

b}nc{gfj oilnb~lc} r~un}bifk~b{i}r c{ }iio {noun}c{~}n,

kntnliugfj fcfiocbagfnr {ac{ nlgogfc{n uill~{gif, n{b&





g

g

Goui}{cf{lcfk bilifgxc{gcocxgfj oil

}nu}ik~bgfj&ngfj r{c}{nkgfr{}~b{gifr {{anrn oilnb~l

nagfk fcfi{}iun}lw biknd bioulnqg{

rbi~{r gf rugfan}g{nk ui

cb{n}g~o zg{ai~}r, gd clli{an zngja{ id fi~ja ocrr~{uir{r cfk

{ani}w m~{ g{nclgfj zg{a&

[an}n c}nG clri onf{g{ani}gxnk mw

cfi{nbafili}nulgbc{gfj c

giqgkn gf{i~flncrank cfitn} {an nc}{f nc}{a&cfi{nbafili

}ntgnz id {

cfi{nba c}Fcfi{nba zgll

M& DCR

ZG[A FCFI

Roclln}, lnlnb{}gbcl dcglgfcbbnrrgmln}nrnc}ba Lcm

-[gfw- o{an zgk{a id

gddn}nf{lw {a

}nrnc}ban}r a}ncb{gtn, nqag{i b}nc{n oc}nrgr{cf{ {i d}g

w, zn zi~lkgif& Ncba fcfnb~lc} nfjgf

]nonomn} {cr c {gfw bmlirrio gf

c} crrnomln}rba gr {i b}nc{k, bcf jgtn }g& [a~r fcfi

cbn nquli}c{gn} id fcfi

a c jnfn}c{gink {i j}iz,

{an nc}{a& [ag )nfn}jw acr {lgdn {a}i~jairaizr {an k

rion kcfjn}rf nlrnzan}n&]clua On}`lw& Mcrgbcllw

g}mi}fn fcfij}cuag{n&

, gf cr lg{{ln ca, mlib` {animn}{ D}ng{w, iddn}r cfn kcfjn}r

cfi{an} }ndi}ntn} bacf

N], LGJA[

NBAFILI

gja{n} biou~~}nr rnfkgfjlgomi oc}` {c{ Bagbcji icfr mgllgif{ac a~ocf acgcf {ang} lc}j

ctn lnc}fnkg{ fnz nlnb{}

{n}gclr {ac{ cb{gif cfk znc

mn bcucmlniocbagfnr zn}gfj cbagnt

ac{ ntn}w rgnll bif{cgfgf{i cf ck~l{c}n lg`n c a~n r~ba {gfw fn {i ocbagfnkntgbnr zi~lif& [i jgtn{nbafilijw,f {gon id =5}ncba c uiur oncfr {ac{an ui{nf{gcl{ {an jclcqw&gonfrgif id

gfan}g{nk {iDi} nqcoul

n cr c kiio, {an j}nwkntgbn {ac{Rai~lk r~bar c dnz kcwr,r~f, cfk ntnfr H}&, ciu{gogr{gb m~{d fcfi{nba&

crif di} run a~ocfg{w&

] BIOU^[

W&

{n}r cfk cf nfai~}r id if/ran ui{nf{gcl{gfw dn}}inln

r id c on{n},}& [anrn fcfn} m~l` bi~f

{ac{ {anw c}nifgb u}iun}{gn r{}ifjn}, {} {acf m~l` o

d rucbn bif~lk mn bcucm

nonf{r cfk

jln ck~l{ aj cll {an jnngfj& Gf c rcf njj& [an

cfikntgbnr {ar zg{a c agjak oc`n nqb

cf gknc id ~r{ {agf` {aogf~{nr bcf glc{gif ;555 {c fcfikntgbn{i b}nc{n ulcId bi~}rn {

{an uizn}r

cfi{nbafilij, {an j}nw blrkcw iddru}gfbli~k gr cbc{clwxnr bc

fcfikntgbnc rilgk zcll z{~cllw knr{}ii}lk nqun}{znll/kib~o[an kcfjn}

cbn bilifgxc

]R UIRRGML

k {i zi}}gnr}nnf zi}` gf

}nr~l{ id C}jb{}gb b}wr{clr&i} cmi~{ 3)>

ioc{n}gclr mn{n}uc}{r& C}j

oi}n banogr cfk bcf mni~jan} cfkc{n}gclr&

~nr{ln id ntnf

ocffn{gbfrn,jiclc{, gd lntnlllnf{

{anc{ cf ;1gonrzg{afn{r,gr grn*}n

w, cri~k,j id rnld/}mif

mni~lklgdnif

f{nkr id

{gif&

N

mi~{{i cfiffn

55{aactniffn

bcllw~rnk

i}n

{gGf

kgkg

ribir{zadndg

rgjrwibaoi}

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ogf

oumcfu

id

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cb

dntgfbi

biid k

Dgj8 Raizrnr roclln} gbiouc}grif

con{n}, {ancon{n}&

GGG

c&]CO $ F

]CO ‒ ]onifn nf{n}rou~{n}& G{ bcfkc}k bioo

agln uizn}nktn b}nc{nk}}inlnb{}gb olk cfk }n{cgfDn}}inlnb{}gglc}lw {i dn}}

fn}cllw bif{oon{}w bc~rn i} oi}n id cfjn {agr uilnbacfgbcl {inlnb{}gbcl nfnC r{}ifj nq

k ogf~r uilnlk {ang} i}gnulgnk nlnb{}gb

noi}w, }nu}nr{an i{an}&Mnbc~rn {an

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Til~on 3& Biuw}gja{ § =53= [nbafi Di}~o J}i~u, Gfkgc&GRMF8 7:1/13/7=5>:>/:/488 kig8 35& :;275 )GRMFY5:41

CBO "8 kmn}&gon}c&35& :;275

C Mi~fknk [gon Gounfkgfj Ag{ Kn{nb{gif On{aik di} [nln/ocfgu~lc{i}r

H& @& O~`an}hnn,

BfGK, Macmac C{iogb ]nrnc}ba Bnf{}n,

O~omcg, ;5551>, Gfkgc

Cmr{}cb{8 Cf nddnb{gtn zi}`rucbn oiknlgfj on{aik {ac{

nfr~}nr dcr{ }imi{/uc}{ gf{n}cb{gif rnfrgfj, di} di}nzc}fgfj

iun}c{i} c{ ocr{n} nfk id ‑ocf gf liiu‗ {wun {nln/ocfgu~lc{i}

rwr{no, gf ‑{gon mi~fk‗ ocffn} acr mnnf kntnliunk& [an

{nbafgs~n ogfgogxnr }~f {gon biou~{c{gif cfk nlgogfc{nr

knunfknfbn if mi~fklnrr rnc}ba mcrnk kn{nb{gif {i nfr~}n }ncl

{gon un}di}ocfbn gf }nclgr{gb {nln/}imi{ cuulgbc{gif&

^fkn}lwgfj oiknlgfj on{aik cfk un}di}ocfbn c}n u}nrnf{nk&

G& GF[]IK^B[GIF

[nln/bif{}illnk ]imi{gb c}or zi}`gfj cr rlctn cjnf{r

~fkn} a~ocf iun}c{i} bif{}il, c}n tn}rc{gln }noi{n zi}`gfj

{iil gf ai{ bnllr zagba tn}w d}ns~nf{lw bif{cgf uc}{r cfk

r{}~b{~}nr i{an} {acf ocfgu~lc{nk biouifnf{r gf zi}`

nftg}ifonf{& Mglc{n}cl ocfgu~lc{i}r jgtn di}bn dnnkmcb` if

bif{cb{ iflw P3_& ^fkn} fi bif{cb{ r{c{n tnlibg{w mcrnk

kcougfj gr clri iddn}nk P=_& M~{ g{ kinr fi{ knunfk if

zi}`rucbn fngjami~}aiik& Lgog{nk un}bnu{gif id

zi}`rucbn oc`nr n}}ifni~r iun}c{gif agjalw u}imcmln& Ag{r

ocw ibb~}& Oc`gfj {an rwr{no di}nzc}f {an iun}c{i}

cmi~{ }imi{ cuu}icbagfj imr{cbln imhnb{ gr c u}iogrgfj zcw&

Oiknllgfj on{aik di} b}nc{gfj rwr{no }ncb{gif mw if lgfn

nr{goc{gif id blirnfnrr {i imr{cbln o~r{ zi}` gf }ncl {gon&Ocbagfn cb{~c{nk zc}fgfj cfk iuuirgfj cb{gif {i iun}c{i}

zagln cuu}icbagfj {izc}kr imr{cblnr c}n nddnb{gtn gf

goulnonf{gfj rcdn zi}`gfj& [nbafgs~nr di} ctigkgfj

gounfkgfj ag{ zg{a imr{cblnr c}n m~gl{ c}i~fk kn{nb{gif id

gf{n}cb{gif mn{znnf {an imhnb{ oiknlr cfk }imi{ oiknl& [an

‑kn{nb{gif u}ibnrr‗ }nm~glkr {an r{c{n id {an }noi{n }imi{gb

c}o gf {agr oiknl rucbn mw oifg{i}gfj {an {nln/}imi{‗r higf{

uc}con{n}r& [ai~ja di} tn}w rgouln imhnb{r zg{a dnz

r~}dcbnr {an on{aikr zi}`, di} rg{~c{gifr zg{a bioulnq

imhnb{r g{ dcglr& ^rn id BCK mcrnk uc}{ oiknlr gf di}ogfj

zi}`rucbn oiknl un}og{r c~{ioc{gif cfk ri gr c fc{~}cl

baigbn& [ai~ja {anrn c}n nddnb{gtn gf j}cuagb un}bnu{gif

kntnliuonf{ di} iun}c{i}P2_, uirn {an u}imlno id gfkn{n}ogfc{n {gon knocfk gf biou~{gfj gf{n}dn}nfbn zg{a

c oitgfj }imi{& [an u}nrnf{ cuu}icba c{{nou{r c{

cllntgc{gfj {agr k}czmcb`&

GG& U]IMLNO R[C[NONF[

C }imi{ c}o oitgfj gf g{r zi}`rucbn raizf cr ]

!dgj~}n 3' ocw mn cuu}icbagfj {izc}kr cf imhnb{ M& Mw

{}cb`gfj g{r kwfcogbr c oi{gif tnb{i} ‑T ‗ bcf mn

biou~{nk& [an }cfjn id rnfrg{gtg{w gr kndgfnk mw n~blgkgcf

kgr{cfbn d}io zagba {an }imi{ o~r{ mn cmln {i rnfrn {an

cuu}icbagfj imr{cbln& [an}ndi}n G T G id {an tnb{i} gr

lgog{nk {i {agr }cfjn& Fiz gd T gf{n}rnb{r cfw r~}dcbn id

imhnb{ M , {an }imi{ acr rnfrnk {an imhnb{ M& G{ o~r{ mn

uirrgmln {i dgfk {an fnc}nr{ gf{n}rnb{gif zg{agf {agr }cfjn&

Bifrgkn} c zi}`rucbn zg{a imhnb{ C, M cfk B {ac{ c}n

bwlgfkn}r id bg}b~lc} cfk uilwjif b}irr rnb{gif& R~}dcbn

mcrnk ibb~ucfbw oiknl gr ockn d}io BCK oiknlr i}

d}io }cfjn rnfrnk kc{c!2'& G{ biou}grnr {}gcfj~lc} r~}dcbn

rnjonf{r&

[an u}ibnrr }ns~g}nr ncba {}gcfj~lc} r~}dcbn {i mnbifrgkn}nk di} biou~{gfj g{r ~fg{ fi}ocl, biou~{gfj c

tnb{i} uc}cllnl {i {an fi}ocl d}io c jgtnf ] , biou~{gfj g{r

gf{n}rnb{gif zg{a r~}dcbn, dgfkgfj lnfj{a id {agr tnb{i} cfk

biouc}gfj {anrn lnfj{ar di} cll r~}dcbn uc{banr {i dgfk {an

rai}{nr{ id cll& [agr nf{g}n u}ibnrr acr {i mn }nunc{nk& Di}

rgoulgdgnk knugb{gif =K ulcf tgnz c}n raizf gf dgj 3b&

Rnjonf{r 3/=, =/2 , 2/; n{b& }nu}nrnf{ ulcfc} r~}dcbn

uc{banr id imhnb{ M& ]imi{ ‑] ‗ acr kgr{cfbnr d}io {anrn

r~}dcbnr gfkgbc{nk mw L 3 {i L ;& R~}dcbn mcrnk ibb~ucfbw

oiknl id zi}`rucbn gr di}onk cr gfkgbc{nk gf dgj~}n !='& If

lgfn }imi{ r{c{n kn{n}ogfc{gif jgtnr libc{gif ] gf

zi}`rucbn& Gf{n}cb{gif id }imi{ fiz fnnkr {i mn biou~{nk

zg{a {an zi}`rucbn oiknl& M~{ biou~{c{gif id tc}gi~r ‑L ‗fnnkr rnc}ba if cll r~}dcbnr gf {an zi}`rucbn oiknl

bif{cgfgfj {ai~rcfkr id r~}dcbnr di} dgfkgfj {an fnc}nr{

r~}dcbn& ]nk~b{gif id biou~{c{gif gr fi{ ncrw& Cf

gf{n}nr{gfj bcrn gr knugb{nk gf dgj~}n&3/b& [an fnc}nr{

r~}dcbn

Dgj~}n 3 c& Zi}`rucbn gf =K0 m& rnc}ba xifn clifj oi{gif tnb{i} 0 b&

kgr{cfbn {i imr{cbln&

uc{ba =/2 gr di}onk mw fiknr =,2 zagba c}n }nlc{gtnlw c{

lc}jn kgr{cfbn d}io ] ‗& [an r~}dcbn di}onk mw fnc}n} fikn

rn{ >/4 acr kgr{cfbn L 5 zan}n L 5 6 L= cfk L 2& C fikn

kgr{cfbn mcrnk b}g{n}gc o~r{ fi{ mn ~rnk {i knbgkn

bcfkgkc{~}n id c r~}dcbn uc{ba di} biou~{gfj fnc}nr{ imhnb{

kgr{cfbn& U}imlno id dgfkgfj ogfgo~o L nrbclc{nr zg{a

gfb}ncrn id uc}{ bi~f{ gf zi}`rucbn cfk clri zg{a dgfn

r~}dcbn kndgfg{gif id bif{i~}nk mikgnr ! dgj 2'& G{ gr ntgknf{

{ac{ imr{cbln kgr{cfbn biou~{gfj {cr` bcf fi{ mn biouln{nk

gf {gon mi~fk ocffn}& cr f~omn} id r~}dcbnr c}ngfkn{n}ogfc{n& An~}gr{gbr mcrnk rnc}ba rucbn }nk~b{gif c}n

~f}nlgcmln& ^fdi}nrnnf ag{r ibb~}&





Dgj~}n =& Oikclg{w id r~}dcbn oiknl cuu}icba

Dgj~}n 2& BCK oiknlr ~rgfj mi~fkgfj r~}dcbnr cfk ulcfc} r~}dcbn

{}gcfjlnr if {ano di} kndgfgfj imhnb{

Dgj&;c& C {wugbcl zi}`rucbn knugb{nk gf ugb{~}n& M

raizr r~}dcbn {}gcfjlnr cfk {ang} fi}oclr di}onk d}io {an

}cfjn rcouln kc{c id zi}`rucbn gf c &

Gf i}kn} {i riltn {agr u}imlno, ulcfc} mc}}gn} r~}dcbnr

c}n c}{gdgbgcllw ulcbnk cr mi~fkc}gnr c}i~fk imhnb{ bl~r{n}r

cfk c}n ~rnk gf biou~{c{gif P;_& [an k}czmcb` gr {ac{ ~rn}

acr {i ulcbn {anrn mc}}gn}r& Gou}iun} mc}}gn} ulcbnonf{ ocw

}nr~l{ gf rntn}nlw biou}iogrnk zi}`rucbn rg{~c{gifr zan}n

d}nn rucbn di} }imi{ oitnonf{ gr {ii bifr{}cgfgfj& [an

u}nrnf{ cuu}icba c{{nou{r c{ cllntgc{gfj {agr k}czmcb`

GGG& OIKGDGNK ZI]@RUCBN OIKNLLGFJ

C& Tiqnl mcrnk oiknlgfj8

[agr cuu}icba {}nc{r {an }noi{n zi}`rucbn cr cBc}{nrgcf bi/i}kgfc{n 2K til~on& [an nf{g}n til~on gr}nu}nrnf{nk cr {a}nn kgonfrgifcl c}}cw id ns~cl rgxnk

b~mnr zg{a gf{njn} bii}kgfc{n libc{gifr !Q,W,X' P>_& [an

b~mn til~on nlnonf{ gr }ndn}}nk cr *Tiqnl* gf d~}{an}

knrb}gu{gifr& C tiqnl c{ libc{gif !Q,W,X' gr T!QWX' cfk

}nu}nrnf{r b~mn zg{a kgcjifcl fiknr Qg,W h,X` cfk Qg+3, Wg+3

Xg+3 cr raizf gf dgj~}n >c&C j}gk uirg{gif gf zi}`rucbn

zan}n fi imhnb{ nqgr{r gr }nu}nrnf{nk mw d}nn tiqnl& C tiqnl

{a}i~ja zagba c {}gcfj~lc} r~}dcbn ucrrnr gr mi~fkc}w tiqnl

!dgj~}n >M'& Tiqnlr gfrgkn imhnb{ c}n ibb~ugnk& ^rgfj onra

tn}rgif !dgj ;m' c tiqnl oiknl id zi}`rucbn gr ockn !dgj

>b'& Di} BCK oiknlr, kc{c }nu}nrnf{gfj {an 2K racun id

imhnb{ gr crribgc{nk {i zi}`rucbn jnion{}w cr un} g{r uirn

cfk uirg{gif gf zi}` rucbn& [}gcfj~lc} r~}dcbn rnjonf{r gf

BCK oiknlr cr znll cr onra biknk r~}dcbnr P;_ d}io

}cfjn mcrnk til~on ibb~ucfbw oiknlr P>_ c}n

biou~{c{gifcllw gf{n}rnb{nk mw ai}gxif{cl ulcfnr c{ angja{r

oc{bagfj X gf{n}tclr id Bc}{nrgcf bii}kgfc{n rwr{no

r{c}{gfj d}io mi{{io {i {iu id zi}`rucbn&

Dgj&>c tiqnl kndgfg{gif0 m, r~}dcbn tiqnl0 b& zi}`rucbn oiknl

M& Mnfndg{ id {an fnz cuu}icba 8

Rnfrgfj gf{n}cb{gif id ] ‗ zg{a imr{cblnr clifj T fnnkr

{i mn }nlii`nk zg{a zi}`rucbn oiknl gf tiqnl di}o& [anr~}dcbnr id jnfn}clgxnk bwlgfkn} !dgj >' cuunc} cr tiqnlr c{

bi}}nruifkgfj bii}kgfc{n libc{gifr& Di} rgoulgbg{w dgj 4c

raizr =K tgnz c{ rion X tcl~n bif{cgfgfj ] ‗ cfk {an

unf{cjif rnb{gif& Oitgfj clifj {izc}kr imhnb{, tiqnlr c}n

nfbi~f{n}nk clifj tnb{i} T & Dgj~}n 4m raizr {an bcrn

zg{a tiqnlgrnk zi}`rucbn gf 2K& [nr{ id tiqnl T!q,w,x' zg{a

!q,w,x' clifj T gfkgbc{nr u}iun}{w id rucbn cr ibb~ugnk i}

d}nn& R{c}{gfj d}io ] ‗ dg}r{ nfbi~f{n} zg{a ibb~ugnk

u}iun}{w tiqnl jgtnr rai}{nr{ kgr{cfbn id ag{ clifj {}chnb{i}w

T & [nr{ gr mi~fk clifj T di} c dgfg{n kgr{cfbn kgb{c{nk mw

ag{ u}irunb{gfj }cfjn g}}nrunb{gtn id r~}dcbnr cfk ri ctigkr

‑~fmi~fk }nruifrn {gon‗ rwfk}ion& ]ncl {gon un}di}ocfbn

rwfba}ifgxnk zg{a }imi{ gr dncrgmln

Dgj~}n 4& Ag{ kn{nb{gif gf tiqnl oiknllnk zi}`rucbn

GT& NQUN]GONF[CL GOULNONF[C[GIF

Cf nqun}gonf{cl rwr{no biou}grgfj tiqnl oiknlln}

!dgj~}n :' zi}`gfj if u}gfbgucl }ndn}}nk cmitn, c ruan}gbcl

}imi{ c}o {wugbcllw ~rnk gf {nl/ocfgu~lc{gif gf lc}jn bnllr

!dgj~}n 1c' , cf nlnb{}ifgb rwr{no !dgj~}n 7' bcucmln id

higf{ {}cb`gfj cfk {i}s~n cuulgbc{gif {i oi{i}r cfk

`gfnoc{gbr oiknl !dgj~}n 1b' mcrnk uirg{gif nr{goc{i} di}

}imi{ c}o {gu zcr rn{ ~u {i {nr{ {an cuu}icba& [an racknk

rnjonf{ `nnur c oiknl }nckw& C{ }~f {gon {an }imi{ higf{

r{c{n gr {}cb`nk cfk ~rgfj `gfnoc{gbr oiknl g{r ruc{gcl

libc{gif gf zi}`rucbn gr kn{n}ogfnk& Mw biou~{c{gif

nqulcgfnk gf nc}lgn} rnb{gif c di}bn rgjfcl gr cuulgnk {i

{i}s~n oi{i}r knunfkgfj if blirnfnrr id gounfkgfj ag{ {i

kgrr~ckn {an iun}c{i}&





Dgj~}n :& nqun}gonf{cl rwr{no zg{a oikgdgnk oiknllgfj

C& ]imi{ C}o 8 Di} nqun}gonf{r c u}i{i{wun c}o acr

mnnf kntnliunk& Dgj~}n 1/c& raizr {an rcon gf lcmi}c{i}w&

[an `gfnoc{gbr ns~gtclnf{ gr raizf gf dgj~}n 1/m& [an higf{

rnfrgfj gr cbagntnk {a}i~ja agja }nril~{gif nfbikn} zg{a

>555uu} if oi{i} racd{& [an uirg{gif gr {}cb`nk mw agja

runnk bi~f{n}r itn} rucf id ~u {i ³=V23 bi~f{& [an c}o gr

ocf~cllw iun}c{nk gf nqun}gonf{r zg{a 3=55 oo }ncba

zg{a rgknzc}k rzgfj i cfk i}{aijifcl {gl{ +)/

25i

Dgj~}n 1 c& ]imi{ c}o gf lcmi}c{i}w0 m Ns~gtclnf{ KA

}nu}nrnf{c{gif di} {an c}o 0 b& higf{ {}cb`gfj cfk {i}s~n

bif{}il oik~ln

M& Di}bn Cb{~c{i}8 Cb{~c{i}r ~rnk gf {an c}o c}n agjau}nbgrgif cb rn}tioi{i}r !zg{a onbacfgbcl }nk~bn}r',

bcucmln id jnfn}c{gfj oikn}c{n {i}s~n !;&1 F/o'& [i}s~n

knocfk biou~{nk mw {an }ncb{gif nr{goc{gif oik~ln gr

~rnk {i kntnliur iuuirgfj di}bn mw bioocfkgfj {an oi{i}

zg{a c {i}s~n knocfk rgjfcl !}ndn} dgj~}n 1/b'&B& ]imi{ r{c{n {}cb`n}8 ]!q,w,x' gr biou~{nk ~rgfj

b~}}nf{ higf{ uc}con{n}r cfk L }nbngtnk d}io higf{rnfri}r id }imi{ &[an oik~ln ~rnr {}cfrdi}or gfkgbc{nk gf

dgj~}n 7 &

Dgj~}n 7&

T& NQUN]GONF[CL ]NR^L[

Di} {an nqun}gonf{cl }nr~l{r u}nrnf{nk an}n, tiqnl rgxn

gr 3bo Q 3bo Q 3bo, zi}`rucbn nq{nf{r c}n 3>5bo Q 355

bo Q 15bo, {an rnfrg{gtg{w id ag{ gr }nr{}gb{nk {i c

ocqgo~o kgr{cfbn id =5 bo cfk ogfgo~o id 2bo, rnc}ba

gf{n}tcl clifj

Dgj~}n 35 c& Lgfnc} d~fb{gif di} ‑K‗ mcrnk iuuirgfj

di}bn m& {}cfrdn} d~fb{gif u}ij}coonk di} {an {i}s~n

{}cfrk~bn}

T gr 5&1bo& Anfbn ocqgo~o GTG ?=5 bo, ogfgo~o

GTG ? 2 bo [an {is~n knocfk gr u}ij}coonk cr un} lgfnc}d~fb{gif gf dgj~}n 35/m

[an rwr{no gr }~f gf c oiknllnk nftg}ifonf{ zg{a

tiqnl oiknlr id imr{cbln imhnb{& !}ndn} dgj~}n 33'& [an

rwr{no

Dgj~}n 33 }gja{/tiqnl oiknllnk zi}`rucbn ns~gtclnf{ id {an BCK

oiknl raizf if lnd{& Oc}` {an u}nrnfbn id tiqnlgxnk imr{cbln ‑mlib`‗ &

bif{gf~i~rlw {}cb`r {an }imi{ c}o higf{r cfk biou~{nr

uirg{gif id tg}{~cl rnfri} c{ {an lizn} {gu id {an c}o mw

~rgfj `gfnoc{gbr oiknl cfk b~}}nf{ }imi{ higf{ r{c{~r

cfk L&

Gounfkgfj ag{ kn{nb{gif gr kifn clifj tnb{i} T cfk gr biknk cr

uc}con{n} ‑K‗& [an iuuirgfj di}bn bif{}il gr cuulgnk cr d~fb{gif id ‑K‗

raizf gf dgj~}n 35& [an uc}con{n} ‑K‗ g{rnld gr nr{goc{nk mw gf{n}cb{gif

crrnrronf{ oik~ln {ac{ zi}`r if on{aik knrb}gmnk gf dgj~}n 3= &

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuul gbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ ;5




Dgj~}n 3=& On{aik di} u}irunb{gfj ag{

[an nqun}gonf{cl }nr~l{r actn mnnf }nbi}knk zg{a cqgr

crrgjfonf{r r~ba {ac{ {an oi{gif id r~runfknk c}o uc}cllnl

{i zcll cfk j}i~fk r~}dcbn gr bifrgkn}nk Q oi{gif cfk ifn

fi}ocl {i zcll gr X oi{gif& [is~n u}idgln id {an oi{i}rc}n u}ij}coonk cr un} kn{cglr gf dgj~}n 35/m&[an agja

dgknlg{w C)K biftn}rgif acr 3= mg{ }cfjn& [an agja runnk

kc{c }nbi}kgfj gr kifn c{ >5 rcoulnr un} rnbifk di} id cll

{an }imi{ cqnr, biou~{nk uirg{gif id }imi{ lizn} nfk {gu

cfk {i}s~n knocfk biou~{nk d}io nr{goc{nk uc}con{n} ‑K‗

di} {an jgtnf zi}` rucbn rbnfc}gi& Fi{n {ac{ iflw b~}}nf{

}imi{ higf{ r{c{~r cfk L c}n cbs~g}nk d}io {an }imi{

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{i}s~n lntnl rgjfcl u}itgknk mw {an bif{}il rwr{no cd{n} 3=

mg{ C)K biftn}rgif ]nr~l{r di} {wugbcl zi}` rucbn

rbnfc}gir !dgj~}n 33 cfk 3; ' cuunc} gf dgj~}n 32 cfk 3> &

Dgj~}n 32& Gounfkgfj ag{ kn{nb{gif }nr~l{ di} zi}`rucbn

zg{a mlib` imhnb{ if }gja{ cr knugb{nk gf dgj~}n33&

Dgj~}n 3; & Tiqnlgrnk zi}`rucbn zg{a {an r{gb` oiknl

}imi{ c}o, mlib` imhnb{ if }gja{ cfk bwlgfkn} if lnd{&

Dgj~}n3>& Tc}gc{gif id {i}s~n knocfk di} di}bndnnkmcb` b}nc{gif zg{a oitnonf{ id }imi{‗r lizn} {gu&

TG& KGRB^RRGIFR IF UN]DI]OCFBN

[an }nr~l{r raizf gf dgj~}nr 32 cfk 3> nr{cmlgra

dgknlg{w id ag{ u}irunb{gfj gf cbbi}kcfbn zg{a {an rnfri}

}cfjn cfk ifrn{ id gf{n}cb{gif }nruifrn ibb~}r c{ =5 bo

d}io {an imr{cblnr oiknllnk gf tiqnl di}o& [an oi{gif gr

nqnb~{nk ocf~cllw cr zi~lk mn kifn fc{~}cllw mw cf

iun}c{i} id {nln/ocfgu~lc{nk }imi{& [agr gr tgrgmln gf }nr~l{rcr uirg{gif jcur& [an {i}s~n dnnk/mcb` iuuirgfj oitnr

fnc}gfj imr{cblnr c}n bi}}nb{ di} mi{a rgknr id iun}c{gifr&

[an biou~{c{gif }ns~g}nonf{r mngfj mi~fknk {i lgog{nk

f~omn}r zn}n r~bbnrrd~llw biouln{nk rwfba}ifi~rlw zg{a

c}o oitnonf{ cfk i}kn}nk kc{c zn}n u}ik~bnk& [an

bl~{{n}gfj c{ tn}w blirn tgbgfg{w id imhnb{r c}grnr d}io

kgjg{grc{gif n}}i}r gf tiqnl di}oc{gif cfk iun}c{i} c}o

irbgllc{gifr cr an dcbnr agja iuuirg{gif di}bn cfk c}o

}nbngtnr ~fgf{nfknk oi{gif& Rgfbn {an ifrn{ id }ncb{gif

d}io imr{cbln gr nc}lw, {an iun}c{i} fnnk fi{ }ncba blirn

tgbgfg{w id imr{cbln cfk bl~{{n}gfj kinr fi{ acoun} fi}ocl

zi}`gfj&





CB@FIZLNKJNONF[R

[an c~{ai} gr {acf`d~l {i Ra}g J&U& R}gtcr{ctc, Kg}nb{i},

N$G J}i~u di} nfbi~}cjnonf{& [acf`r {i Ra}g Jc~}ct

Mcl~fg di} nq{nfkgfj r~uui}{ gf nqun}gonf{r&

]NDN]NFBNR

P3_ A& @cxn}iifg n{& cll& “C Bif{}illn} Knrgjf D}conzi}` di} [nln}imi{gb

Rwr{no‗ GNNN [}cfrcb{gifr If Bif{}il Rwr{nor [nbafilijw‟ , Til& G ,

Fi& 3, Oc}ba 3772

P=_ Hiaf N& Rungba, @ntgf Dg{n ,Ogbacnl Jilkdc}m, “C On{aik di}

Rgo~l{cfni~rlw Gfb}ncrgfj [}cfruc}nfbw cfk R{cmglg{w ]im~r{fnrr gf

Mglc{n}cl [nlnocfgu~lc{gif‟ U}ibnnkgfjr id GNNN Gf{n}fc{gifcl

Bifdn}nfbn if ]imi{gbr $ C~{ioc{gif, Rcfd}cfrgrbi =555

P2_ H& @& O~àn}hnn , “Biou~{n} Cgknk ]noi{n J}cuagbr Nftg}ifonf{

di} Biou~{n} Crrgr{nk ]imi{ [}cgfgfj cfk Bif{}il !BC]N/BC['‟

U}ibnnkgfjr id Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Onbac{}ifgbr [nbafilijw

=555&Rgfjcui}n

P;_ H& @& O~àn}hnn n{ cl, “Cf Imrn}tn} Mcrnk Rcdn{w Goulnonf{c{gif gf

[nln/]imi{gbr‟ U}ibnnkgfjr id Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn [}nfkr Gf

Oncr~}nonf{r cfk C~{ioc{gif [GOC/=533 Banffcg, Gfkgc

P>_ H& @& O~àn}hnn , “ CG Mcrnk [nln/Iun}c{gif R~uui}{ [a}i~ja Tiqnl

Mcrnk zi}`rucbn Oiknlgfj cfk C~{ioc{nk 2K ]imi{ Uc{a

Kn{n}ogfc{gif ‟ U}ibnnkgfjr id GNNN Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn

[NFBIF/=552 Mcfjli}n Gfkgc

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuul gbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ ;=





Til~on 3& Biuw}gja{ § =53= [nbafi Di}~o J}i~u, Gfkgc&GRMF8 7:1/13/7=5>:>/:/4 88 kig8 35& :;37;)GRMFY5:41

CBO "8 kmn}&gon}c&35& :;37;

JNR[^]N MCRNK BIOO^FGBC[GIF C JNR[^]N A^OCFIGK

J R L @ BACFK

KNUC][ONF[ ID NLNB[]IFGBR CFK BIOO^FGBC[GIF NFJGFNN]GFJ

R[&OC]W‗R NFJGFNN]GFJ BILLNJN,BANM]IL^,J^F[^] KGR[]GB[,

CFKA]C U]CKNRA,GFKGC

Cm r { } cb { // Fizckcwr fnz gf{n}cb{gif di}or c}n fi{

lgog{nk mw J}cuagbcl ^rn} Gf{n}dcbnr !J^Gr' oc`gfj

A~ocf Biou~{n} Gf{n}cb{gif !ABG' oi}n fc{~}cl& [an

kntnliuonf{ id a~ocfigk }imi{r di} fc{~}cl

gf{n}cb{gif gr c bacllnfjgfj }nrnc}ba {iugb& Mw ~rgfj

jnr{~}n mcrnk a~ocfigk zn bcf iun}c{n cfw rwr{no

rgoulw mw jnr{~}nr& [an gf{n}/a~ocf bioo~fgbc{gif

gr tn}w bioulnq cfk iddn}r c tc}gn{w id gf{n}cb{gif

uirrgmglg{gnr& Cl{ai~ja runnba gr id {nf rnnf cr {an

u}goc}w bacffnl id gfd i}oc{gif, urwbailijgr{r blcgo

{ac{ 45. id {an gfd i}oc{gif gr {}cfrd n}}nk fif/

tn}mcllw& Mnrgknr mikw uirn, ogogbr cfk i{an}r jnr{~}nr

lg`n uigf{gfj i} acfk zctgfj c}n biooiflw ~rnk& Gf

{agr ucun} {an jnr{~}n kn{nb{gif cfk bif{}il rwr{no id

{an a~ocfigk }imi{ BAG[[G gr u}nrnf{nk ~rgfj cu}nkndgfnk kgclij rg{~c{gif& [an zailn gfd i}oc{gif

dliz d}io jnr{~}n kn{nb{gif {gll {an }ncb{gif id {an

}imi{ gr u}nrnf{nk gf kn{cgl&

@nwzi}kr‛Acfk¥ jnr{~}n,¥ biou~{n}¥ tgrgif,¥ ABG,¥ oc}`gfj¥onf~,¥^MG¥acfk¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥ ¥

G& GF[]IK^B[GIF¥mgs~g{i~r, nomnkknk biou~{gfj, n&j&, gf kionr{gb

nftg}ifonf{r }ns~g}nr fnz a~ocf/biou~{n} gf{n}cb{gif

r{wlnr {ac{ c}n fc{~}cl, biftnfgnf{ cfk nddgbgnf{&@nwmic}kr cfk ogbn c}n r{gll {an oir{ biooif cfk

oir{ ~rnk gf{n}d cbnr mn{znnf a~ocfr cfk biou~{n}

rwr{nor, fi oc{{n} gd g{ gr h~r{ c knr` {iu UB, c

fi{nmii` i} c }imi{& Aizntn} {an}n gr cf gfb}ncrgfj

gf{n}nr{ gf kntnliugfj ckkg{gifcl gf{n}dcbnr r~ba cr

runnba }nbijfg{gif, acfkz}g{gfj, jnr{~}n }nbijfg{gif

cfk noi{gif kn{nb{gif, rgfbn {anrn zcwr id

gf{n}cb{gif ocw m}gfj oi}n fc{~}clfnrr gf{i {an

a~ocf/biou~{n} gf{n}d cbn& Gf ckkg{gif oir{ uniuln

{nfk {i dnnl oi}n biod i}{cmln gd {anw bcf gf{n}cb{

zg{a biou~{n}r cfk }imi{r gf {an rcon ocffn}

a~ocfr c}n bioo~fgbc{gfj zg{a ncba i{an}& [angf{n}nr{gfj {agfj gr {ac{ urwbailijgr{r blcgo {ac{

itn} 45. id gf{n}cb{gif rgjfclr c}n {}cfrd n}}nk fif/

tn}mcl P>_&[agr gr ifn id {an oi{gtc{gifr di} {an

zi}` u}nrnf{nk gf {agr ucun}& I~} ocgf jicl gr {i

nr{cmlgra c bioo~fgbc{gif gf{n}d cbn {a}i~ja jnr{~}n

}nbijfg{gif mn{znnf c a~ocf cfk {an }imi{ BAG[[G,

{ac{ r{cfkr di} ]imi{ A~ocf Gf{n}/ cb{gif Ocbagfn&

[an }imi{ o~r{ }nbijfgxn rion jnr{~}nr ockn mw c

a~ocf cfk }nruifk mw runc`gfj i} oc`gfj rion

mikw oitnonf{r&

[}ckg{gifcllw {an}n c}n rion {nbafgs~nr di}

jnr{~}n }nbijfg{gif mcrnk if {an racunid {an acfk i} mcrnk if {an oitnonf{ id {an a~ocf

c}o cfk acfk& Clri {an}n gr fi {gja{ kndgfg{gif di} c

jnr{~}n& Jnr{~}nr bcf mn tgnznk cr c fif/tn}mcl

gf{n}cb{gif cfk ocw }cfjn d}io rgouln r{c{gbrgjfclr kndgfnk mw acfk racunr, cb{gifr lg`n

uigf{gfj {i rion imhnb{r, zctgfj c acfk i} oi}n

bioulnq oitnonf{r {i nqu}nrr gkncr i} dnnlgfjrcllizgfj {an bioo~fgbc{gif coifj uniuln P1_&

[a~r di} }nbijfgxgfj jnr{~}nr g{ gr fnbnrrc}w {i

dgfk c zcw mw zagba biou~{n}r bcf kn{nb{ kwfcogbi} r{c{gb bifdgj~}c{gifr id {an a~ocf acfk, c}o,

cfk ntnf i{an} uc}{r id {an a~ocf mikw& Rion

on{aikr ~rnk onbacfgbcl kntgbnr {i nr{goc{n acfk

uirg{gifr cfk c}o higf{ cfjlnr r~ba cr {an jlitn/

mcrnk cuu}icbanr& [an ocgf k}czmcb` id {agr

gf{n}d cbn gr {ac{, mnrgknr mngfj nqunfrgtn, {an ~rn}

o~r{ znc} cf ~fbiod i}{cmln jlitn, actgfj c li{

id bcmlnr {i biffnb{ {an kntgbn {i {an rwr{no {ac{

}nr{}gb{r {an zi}`rucbn {i c rocll c}nc cfk lgog{r

{an oitnonf{r id {an ~rn}& [an}ndi}n, ifn id {an

mnr{ iu{gifr {i itn}bion {an kgrcktcf{cjnr id {an

jlitn/mcrnk on{aikr cfk {i goulnonf{ lnrr}nr{}gb{nk rwr{nor gr {an ~rcjn id biou~{n} tgrgif

{i kn{nb{ cfk {}cb` acfkr cfk c}or&

Mcrgbcllw, {an biou~{n} tgrgif cuu}icbanr

bifbnf{}c{n if }nbijfgxgfj r{c{gb acfk racunr

!uirn jnr{~}nr' i} gf{n}u}n{gfj kwfcogb jnr{~}nr

cfk oi{gif id {an acfkr !{noui}cl jnr{~}nr'& Di}

{an r{c{gb jnr{~}n cuu}icbanr {an dib~r gr {i

gknf{gd w c jnr{~}n mw {an cuunc}cfbn id {an acfk,

rglai~n{{nr, bif{i~}r, =K i} 2K oiknlr, zagln {an

on{aikr {ac{ bifrgkn} kwfcogb jnr{~}nr c}n

bifbn}fnk cmi~{ oi{gif cfclwrgr & [an}n c}n clri

zi}`r lg`n raizf mnliz {ac{ ntcl~c{

nr mi{

a uirnjnr{~}nr cfk {noui}cl jnr{~}nr&

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{an gf{n}cb{gif {i c }imi{ cfk bif{}il rion

oitnonf{r& M~{ mnrgknr {ac{ zn gf{nfk {i gou}itn

{an gf/ {n}cb{gif cfk bioo~fgbc{gif zg{a c }imi{,

cllizgfj {an ~rcjn id jnr{~}nr cfk kgclijr& Cr cf

nqcouln id rion }nlc{nk zi}`, gf acfk racunr c}n

~rnk {i bif{}il c zcl`gfj }imi{ {a}i~ja jnr{~}nr

{ac{ gfkgbc{n bioocfkr cr r{iu, ji di}zc}k, n{b&

[ang} rwr{no acr di~} oik~lnr8 c acfk kn{nb{gif

~rgfj r`gf rnjonf{c{gif, acfk {}cb` gfj, c acfk/

racun }nbijfgxn} mcrnk if bif{

i~}r cfk{

an }imi{

bif{}illn}& Gf cf gf{nj}c{gif id jcxn cfk jnr{~}nr

gr ~rnk {i gfr{}~b{ c }imi{ gf cf crrnomlgfj {cr` &

Mcrgbcllw, uigf{gfj acfkr c}n kn{nb{nk {a}i~ja





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r`gf bili} cfk rulgfnr di} bif{i~} knrb}gu{gifr& Gf

P32_ cf c{{nf{gif oiknl d i} a~ocfigk }imi{r gr

kndgfnk ~rgfj jnr{~}nr cfk tn}mcl b~nr& A~ocf

oi{gif cfk jnr{~}nr c}n bcu{~}nk ~rgfj oc}`n}r

c{{cbank {i {an r~mhnb{ mikw&

Gf {agr zi}` zn dib~r if cf cuunc}cfbn mcrnk

on{aik di} }nbijfgxgfj jnr{~}nr {ac{ zgll anlu

gou}itn {an gf{n}cb{gif zg{a c }imi{ cllizgfj {an

~rcjn id jnr{~}nr cfk kgclijr& I~} cuu}icba clri

gfbl~knr c acfk {}cb` gfj oik~ln, {a~r {an ~rn} bcf

oc`n kgdd n}nf{ rns~nfbnr id jnr{~}nr zagln {an

}imi{ `nnur lii` gfj c{ {an ~rn}‗r acfk, zg{ai~{

actgfj {i u}ibnrr {an nf{g}n gocjn ntn}w {gon gf

i}kn} {i kn{nb{ c acfk cfk {anf gknf{gd w c

jnr{~}n& Fi{ iflw mw acfk m~{ clri fikkgfj id anck

n{b& [an u}nlgogfc}w }nr~l{r c}n nfbi~}cjgfj cfk

di} d ~{~}n zi}` zn nqunb{ {i {c` n {an oi{gif

agr{i}w gf{i cbbi~f{ di} }nbijfgxgfj oi}n bioulnq

cfk {noui}cl jnr{~}nr&

[agr ucun} gr i}jcfgxnk cr dillizr& [an dg}r{

ifn u}nrnf{r {an oc}`gfj onf~r cuulgnk di}

kn{nb{gfj {an acfkr id {an ~rn}& [an rnbifk ifn

knrb}gmnr

{an ugn cfk oc}`gfj onf~r cfk {an dillizgfj rnb{gif

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dgfcllw zn u}nrnf{nk {an bifbl~rgifr cfk d ~{~}n

zi}` & [agr clri gfbl~knr {an8

c&& Oc}`gfj onf~r di} jnr{~}n bif{}il

C d~fkconf{cl bifbn}f gf cll `gfkr id jnr{~}cl

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zac{ acfk uir{~}n

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gr {i mcrn {an bioocfk rn{ if c onf~ rwr{no& [an

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{an r`gll {i zi}` zg{a fi dnnkmcb` d}io {an onf~r&

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fnnk fi{ ntnf mn uiuunk ~u& Agn}c}bagb oc}`gfj

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Cfclwrgr id Kc{c lirrnr gf Rnfri} Fn{zi}`r rnk gf Ac}ra Nftg}ifonf{

R~fg{c M& @ Lnb{~}n}, Biou~{n} Rbgnfbn Knuc}{onf{

Tgkawc Tc}kac`c billnjn id Nfjgfnn}gfj

Cmr{}cb{‛ Zg}nlnrr rnfri} fn{zi}`r c}n nqunb{nk

{i mn knuliwnk gf ac}ra nftg}ifonf{r bac}cb{n}gxnk

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bacffnlr }nr~l{gfj k~n {i bacffnl dckgfj, {gon/

d}ns~nfbw bian}nfbn, gf{n}/mcfk gf{n}dn}nfbn, n{b,

cfk {a~r }nbngtgfj ~f}nlgcmln onrrcjn ucb`n{r Coifj

c zgkn }cfjn id rnfri} fn{zi}` cuulgbc{gifr, ocfw id

{ano r~ba cr gf {an u}ibnrr gfk~r{}w, }ns~g}n }nlgcmln

kc{c bioo~fgbc{gifr r~ba {ac{ kc{c ucb`n{r bcf mn

knlgtn}nk {i {an knr{gfc{gif zg{ai~{ lirr ntnf ~fkn}

ac}ra bifkg{gifr& Aizntn}, nqgr{gfj }nlgcmln{}cfrogrrgif {nbafgs~nr ng{an} c}n {ii bir{lw di}

}nri~}bn/bifr{}cgfnk rnfri} fn{zi}`r i} actn lgog{nk

bcucmglg{gnr di} cbagntgfj }nlgcmln kc{c

bioo~fgbc{gif ~fkn} r~ba ac}ra bifkg{gifr&

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tc}gi~r r{}c{njgnr if N}}i} Bif{}il Biknr Zn clri

u}itgkn c m}gnd r~ooc}w cfk biouc}grif id nqgr{gfj

Bioo~fgbc{gif Bacffnl@nwzi}kr / Zg}nlnrr rnfri} fn{zi}`0 N}}i} Bif{}il

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cfk oi}n bioulgbc{nk {nbafgbcl bacllnfjnr& Rion id {anrn bacllnfjnr gfbl~kn agjan} kc{c }c{nr, ~mgs~g{w id zg}nlnrr kntgbnr, {}nfk {izc}kr dcr{n}, roclln} cfkbancun} ac}kzc}n cfk d}ns~nfbw bifjnr{gif, rnfri}ractn lgog{nk mc{{n}w uizn}, lgog{nk {}cfrogrrgif }c{n, cfko~ba }nk~bnk i{an} bcucmglg{gnr&& Ocfw cuulgbc{gif

rbnfc}gir c}n ogrrgif b}g{gbcl cfk bi}}nb{ knlgtn}w id kc{cgf c {gonlw dcragif gr uc}coi~f{ cfk {an}ndi}n ocw {c`n u}nbnknfbn itn} nfn}jw nddgbgnfbw, mcfkzgk{a ~{glgrc{gif,cfk i{an} bifrgkn}c{gifr& [i mn u}nbgrn zn bcf kndgfn un}di}ocfbn cr {an dillizgfj8

3& [an cmglg{w {i cbb~}c{nlw cfk nddnb{gtnlw rnfrn {an

knrg}nk kc{c=& [an cmglg{w {i }nlgcmlw knlgtn} {agr kc{c {i g{r

knr{gfc{gif2& [an cmglg{w {i knlgtn} kc{c zg{agf {an fnbnrrc}w

{gon mi~fkr kgddn}gfj `gfkr id n}}i}r cfk {an coi~f{ id knlcw {wugbcllw r~ddn}nk mw {ang} ~rn& Zn clri gknf{gdwrntn}cl i{an} grr~nr id goui}{cfbn zg{a }njc}k {i }ncl

{gon rwr{nor[an cmglg{w {i cbb~}c{nlw cfk nddnb{gtnlw rnfrn {an

knrg}nk kc{c gr kgb{c{nk mw {an cmglg{gnr id {an rnfri}r,{ang} oikn id iun}c{gif cfk {ang} uawrgbcl knuliwonf{}nlc{nk zg}nlnrr bacffnl &[an zg}nlnrr }ckgi bacffnl gr crac}nk, fc{~}cllw lgog{nk }nri~}bn zagba acr cbac}cb{n}gr{gb {ac{ tc}gnr zg{a {gon, d}ns~nfbw cfk rucbn&

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c{{cgf }nlgcmln kc{c {}cfrogrrgif& [an}n c}n rntn}cl{nbafgs~nr ctcglcmln {i gfb}ncrn kc{c }nlgcmglg{w, n&j&,n}}i} bif{}il biknr cfk }n{}cfrogrrgifr, m~{ {i rnlnb{ {an mnr{ on{aik g{ gr nrrnf{gcl {i actn rion `fizlnkjn id {anbac}cb{n}gr{gbr id {an zg}nlnrr bacffnl& Gf ckkg{gif, ocfwbioo~fgbc{gif rwr{nor c}n ntcl~c{nk ~rgfj biou~{n}

rgo~lc{gifr id Oif{n/Bc}li {wun& Gf {anrn bcrnr coc{anoc{gbcl oiknl id {an zg}nlnrr bacffnl gr fnnknk&

[an bir{ id goulnonf{gfj {anrn {nbafgs~nr acr mnnfoncr~}nk u}goc}glw gf {n}or id nfn}jw bifr~ou{gif& Cf~fkn}lwgfj u}imlno, kgr}njc}knk mw u}ntgi~r }nrnc}ba, gr{ac{ }nlgcmglg{w onbacfgror bcf b}nc{n knlcwr zagba bc~rn u}imlnor di} knlcw gf{iln}cf{ cuulgbc{gifr& R~ba c

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[an }nr{ id {an ucun} gr i}jcfgrnk cr dillizr& Rnb{gif

GG kgrb~rrnr {an bc~rnr id kc{c lirr gf rnfri} fn{zi}`r&Rnb{gif GGG kgrb~rrnr {an kgddn}nf{ oiknlr di} zg}nlnrrrnfri} fn{zi}` bacffnlr& Rnb{gif GT kgrb~rrnr }nlgcmglg{wr{}c{njgnr {i u}ntnf{ kc{c lirr cfk {an nddnb{r id goulnonf{gfj {an }nlgcmglg{w r{}c{njgnr kgrb~rrnk if kc{c

knlgtn}w knlcw& Rnb{gif T kgrb~rrnr {an Nfn}jw oiknl di} zg}nlnrr rnfri} fn{zi}`& Rnb{gif TG bifbl~knr {an ucun}&

GG& BC^RNR ID KC[C LIRR

C r{}c{njw {i nfr~}n }nlgcmglg{w gf c rnfri} fn{zi}`

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3& Lirrnr gf {an zg}nlnrr bacffnl k~n {i gf{n}dn}nfbn

cfk uawrgbcl nddnb{r=& OCB lcwn} lirrnr k~n {i billgrgifr

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuul gbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ ;:




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{gon mndi}n kgrcuunc}gfj P>_& K~}gfj {anrn un}gikr g{ grid{nf gouirrgmln {i rnfk i} }nbngtn d}io cfw id {ancddnb{nk fiknr&

Cbbnrrgfj {an OCB lcwn} ocw lnck {i n}}i}r gf rion

uc}{gb~lc} bcrnr& G{ gr id{nf crr~onk, gfbi}}nb{lw, {ac{

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[wugbcllw, billgrgif ctigkcfbn rbanonr crr~on mg/kg}nb{gifcl biffnb{gtg{w zagln BROC rbanonr nqulgbg{lw

gjfi}n {an u}imlno& ]nr~l{r d}io P2_, P;_ r~jjnr{ {ac{ mg/kg}nb{gifcl biffnb{gtg{w crr~ou{gifr c}n ~f}nclgr{gb&I{an} OCB u}i{ibilr zagba bii}kgfc{n zg{a i{an} fiknrgf i}kn} {i c~{ioc{gbcllw bifdgj~}n {anornltnr ocw clri mn r~rbnu{gmln {i n}}i}r bc~rnk mw crwoon{}gbclbiffnb{gtg{w& [agr gr uc}{gb~lc}lw {}~n zan}n c~{ioc{gb

bl~r{n}gfj cfk rwfba}ifgxc{gif gr gftiltnk&C fikn ocw nqun}gnfbn c dcgl~}n i} ocw rgoulw dcgl

{i di}zc}k c onrrcjn di} c f~omn} id }ncrifr& Ac}kzc}ndcgl~}n, mc{{n}w dcgl~}n, knr{}~b{gif id {an fikn, n{b&, gr fi{~fbiooif coifj rnfri} fiknr cfk {agr bcf }nr~l{ gflir{ onrrcjnr& Crgkn d}io {agr, bifr{}cgf{r if onoi}w

cfk m~ddn} rucbn bcf bc~rn c ucb`n{ {i mn k}iuunk& Di} nqcouln, bn}{cgf }ckgir actn c rgfjln m~ddn} rucbn cfk gd

cf gfbiogfj ucb`n{ gr fi{ acfklnk mndi}n {an fnq{ ucb`n{c}}gtnr ifn id {an ucb`n{r o~r{ mn k}iuunk& Gf jnfn}cl,fiknr zg{a c anctw }i~{gfj lick ocw mn cmln {i ailk cdgfg{n s~n~n id onrrcjnr gf onoi}w czcg{gfj

{}cfrogrrgif& U}imlnor c}grn zanf {}cddgb lickr zg{agf

{an fn{zi}` cfk if c uc}{gb~lc} fikn, c}n anctw cfk)i} {an fikn nqun}gnfbnr kgddgb~l{w cbbnrrgfj {an{}cfrogrrgif onkgc& [a~r k}iuunk ucb`n{r bcf ibb~}& C}i~{n ocw dcgl di} cfw id {an }ncrifr knrb}gmnk cmitn&Lgf` n}}i}r, un}gikr id bifjnr{gif cfk fikn n}}i}r bcfbc~rn c knrgjfc{nk }i~{n {i mnbion kgrbiffnb{nk& Rai~lkc fikn dgfk g{rnld ~fcmln {i di}zc}k c onrrcjn {izc}kr g{r

knr{gfc{gif g{ zgll tn}w lg`nlw k}iu {an ucb`n{ cd{n} c un}gik id {gon acr nqug}nk& Gf {agr bcrn cf cl{n}fc{gtn}i~{n gr fnbnrrc}w cfk gd c onrrcjn gr {i mn r~bbnrrd~llwknlgtn}nk, ifn o~r{ ng{an} cl}nckw mn di}onk i} b}nc{nkcr fnnknk&

GGG& OIKNLR ID ZG]NLNRR RNFRI] BACFFNLR

Zn fnnk oiknlr di} {an zg}nlnrr bacffnlr {i ntcl~c{nkgddn}nf{ bioo~fgbc{gif u}i{ibilr ~rgfj biou~{n}

rgo~lc{gifr& Di} {agr }ncrif, zn fnnk {i kntnliu on{aikr

{i knrb}gmn {ang} kgddn}nf{ u}iun}{gnr oc{anoc{gbcllw&^r~cllw, knrb}gmgfj cll uanfionfc zagba bcf bc~rnn}}i}r gr {ii c bioulnq u}imlno& Rgfbn {an }nbngtnk

rgjfcl r{}nfj{a kn{n}ogfnr {an un}di}ocfbn id c rwr{no,g{ gr tg{cl {i `fiz {an uc{a lirr cfk {an dckgfj r{c{gr{gbr&

Rgfbn {an }nbngtnk rgjfcl r{}nfj{a gr c }cfkio tc}gcmln,zn bcf fntn} mn r~}n {ac{ bioo~fgbc{gif zgll mnr~bbnrrd~l& Zn knrb}gmn {an dckgfj oc}jgf mw b~o~lc{gtnkgr{}gm~{gif d~fb{gif !bkd'& Mw g{, zn bcf bclb~lc{n {an u}imcmglg{w {ac{ {an }nbngtnk rgjfcl uizn} gr lizn} {acf cbn}{cgf tcl~n& G{ gr biooif u}cb{gbn gf bioo~fgbc{gif

{ani}w {i oiknl c bacffnl zg{a {a}nn kgddn}nf{biouifnf{r8 o~l{guc{a dckgfj, uc{a lirr cfk figrn&

[wugbcllw, {agr di}o~lc gr ~rnk {i oiknl c bacffnl8w!{' ? c!{' Ú m!k'Ú q!{' + f!{'

An}n c!{' }nu}nrnf{r dckgfj / c o~l{gulgbc{gtn }cfkiotc}gcmln, m!k' uc{a lirr, zagba bcf mn kn{n}ogfgr{gb cfk

f!{' gr figrn&2&3& Dckgfj cfk O~l{guc{a Oiknlr

If c rai}{/kgr{cfbn rbcln zn bcf fi{gbn dl~b{~c{gifrbiouc}cmln zg{a ifn zctnlnfj{a bcllnk rocll/rbclndckgfj& Rliz dckgfj bcf mn bc~rnk mw rackizgfj, zan}nlc}jn imr{}~b{gif imrb~}nr {an ocgf rgjfcl uc{a& Gd {an

imrn}tc{gif zcr ockn itn} lifj kgr{cfbnr, g{ zgll jgtn ~roi}n rlizlw tc}wgfj tgnz& R~ba lc}jn/rbcln dckgfj gr

nqulcgfnk mw {an rliz lirr id {an }nbngtnk rgjfcl uizn}&Lc}jn/rbcln u}iucjc{gif oiknlr u}nkgb{ {an oncf rgjfclr{}nfj{a, zagln {an rocll/rbcln u}iucjc{gif oiknlr u}nkgb{ {an }cugk dl~b{~c{gifr& Knunfkgfj if {an Lgfn Id Rgja{ !LIR' biouifnf{ cfk {an f~omn} id Fif Lgfn Id Rgja{ !FLIR' biouifnf{r, kgddn}nf{ oiknlr c}n ~rnk&

Ckkg{gtn Zag{n Jc~rrgcf Figrn !CZJF' }nu}nrnf{rbioo~fgbc{gif gf d}nn rucbn, zan}n iflw c r{}ifj LIRbiouifnf{ nqgr{r& Gf oir{ }nclgr{gb bcrnr, {an}n c}n clriifn i} oi}n FLIR biouifnf{r& [an ]gbgcf kgr{}gm~{gifoiknlr c LIR biouifnf{ cfk rntn}cl FLIR& [an @/dcb{i} id {an ]gbgcf kgr{}gm~{gif knrb}gmnr {an r{}nfj{a id

{an LIR biouifnf{ cr biouc}nk {i {an FLIR, n&j& zanf@ # 3, zn jn{ CZJF cfk di} @ ? 5, {an}n gr fi LIR cfk{an dckgfj acr ]cwlngja kgr{}gm~{gif& Rion goui}{cf{dckgfj oiknlr c}n i~{lgfnk mnliz&

2&=& Figrn Oiknl

Ckkg{gtn zag{n Jc~rrgcf figrn !CZJF' gr clzcwr

u}nrnf{ gf {an }ncl lgdn mnbc~rn g{ bionr d}io ocfwfc{~}cl ri~}bnr lg`n nc}{a cfk {an R~f& G{ biou}grnr Hiaf/

Fws~gr{, rai{ figrn, mlcb` mikw }ckgc{gif& G{ bcf mn ~rnkclifn di} rc{nllg{n cfk knnu rucbn bioo~fgbc{gif lgf`r,i} zg{a i{an} oiknlr, m~{ {anf g{ iflw }nbifr{}~b{r {an mcb`j}i~fk figrn !gf {n}}nr{}gcl nftg}ifonf{' i} {annlnb{}if oitnonf{r gf biouifnf{r, zagba bcf mnoiknllnk cr CZJF k~n {i {an bnf{}cl lgog{ {ani}no&

2&2 Mgfc}w N}cr~}n Bacffnl[an mgfc}w n}cr~}n bacffnl !MNB' bcf {}cfrog{ ifn

id {zi rwomilr, 5 cfk 3& [an mg{ bcf jn{ n}crnk gf {an





bacffnl, m~{ gd {an }nbngtn} }nbngtnr {an mg{, g{ o~r{ mnbi}}nb{& {an u}imcmglg{w id n}cr~}n gr ∍, zagln {an u}imcmglg{gnr id jn{{gfj {an bi}}nb{ mg{ c}n 3/∍& Cf GUfn{zi}` bcf mn oiknllnk cr c MNB& Ng{an} c ucb`n{

c}}gtnr i} {anf g{ gr bi}}nb{, g&n& g{ ucrrnk {an n}}i} kn{nb{gif banb`, i} g{ gr z}ifj cfk {anf k}iuunk, g&n&

n}cr~}n& rocll angja{& [i{cl uc{a lirr bifrgr{r id {an d}nnrucbn uc{a lirr UL5, o~l{g rb}nnf lirr clifj {an u}iucjc{gif uc{a Lork cfk c{{nf~c{gif d}io {an lcr{}iid/nkjn {i {an oimgln r{c{gif, bcllnk }iid{iu/{i/r{}nn{kgdd}cb{gif cfk rbc{{n} lirr, L}{r, UL ? UL5 + L}{r +Lork8

GT& ]NLGCMGLG[W R[]C[NJGNR

[an}n c}n c{ u}nrnf{ c f~omn} id kgddn}nf{ }nlgcmglg{wr{}c{njgnr {ac{ bcf mn ~rnk gf biomgfc{gif i} fkgtgk~cllw&

[anrn bcf mn blcrrgdgnk mw {an uc}{gb~lc} u}imlno c}nc{ac{ {anw c{{nou{ {i ckk}nrr& Gf {agr rnb{gif zn actnbifrgkn}nk kc{c {}cfrogrrgif {nbafgs~nr }nlc{nk {i lgf`

lcwn} kc{cC f~omn} id {nbafgs~nr nqgr{ zagba ckk}nrr {an fnnk

di} }nlgcmglg{w c{ {an lgf` lcwn}& Lgf` lcwn} }nlgcmglg{w

onbacfgror bcf mn nddnb{gtn gf gfb}ncrgfj {an }nlgcmglg{wid c rgfjln lgf` m~{ dcgl {i nlgogfc{n {an nddnb{r id }i~{ndcgl~}n cfk iflw uc}{gcllw }noitn {an nddnb{r id fikn n}}i} cfk dcgl~}n& Gf {agr }njc}k ckkg{gifcl onbacfgror c}nfnnknk& Di}zc}k n}}i} bi}}nb{gif !DNB' }nlgnr if}nk~fkcf{ kc{c mngfj cuunfknk if{i {an nqgr{gfj kc{c& Mg{

n}}i}r {ac{ ibb~} bcf mn kn{nb{nk cfk bi}}nb{nk P>_, P4_&Tc}gi~r {wunr id biknr nqgr{ zg{a tc}gi~r u}iun}{gnr& Gfjnfn}cl {an r{}ifjn} {an bikn {ac{ cf DNB ~rnr {an oi}n mg{ n}}i}r g{ bcf r~bbnrrd~llw kn{nb{ cfk bi}}nb{& Gf

jnfn}cl, {an r{}ifjn} {an DNB {an oi}n }nk~fkcf{ mg{r c}nfnnknk {a~r gfb}ncrgfj {}cfrogrrgif {gon& [an ~rn id tc}gcmln DNB r{}nfj{a knunfkgfj if ucb`n{ goui}{cfbnzcr gftnr{gjc{nk gf P4_& ]nbnf{ }nrnc}ba acr raizf {ac{

{an ~rn id n}}i} bi}}nb{gfj biknr gr id lgog{nk ~rn gfrnfri} fn{zi}`r P>_ rgfbn n}}i}r c}n {wugbcllw m~}r{w gffc{~}n& Gf nrrnfbn P>_ knrb}gmnr {ac{ zan}n m~}r{ n}}i}ribb~} {an f~omn} id }nk~fkcf{ mg{r fnbnrrc}w di} bi}}nb{gif gr u}iagmg{gtnlw nqunfrgtn& Rgfbn, m~}r{ n}}i}rc}n biooif gf zg}nlnrr rnfri} fn{zi}`r g{ gr }ncrifcmln

{i bifbl~kn {ac{ DNBr c}n id lgog{nk tcl~n& Gd DNBr c}n~rnk {an ckkg{gifcl }nk~fkcf{ kc{c {c`nr ckkg{gifcl {gon{i nfbikn, {}cfrog{ cfk ckkg{gifcl {gon {i knbikn& Gf

jnfn}cl, {an r{}ifjn} {an DNB {an oi}n }nk~fkcf{ mg{r c}nfnnknk {a~r gfb}ncrgfj {}cfrogrrgif {gon& Aizntn} {agr{gon gr ~r~cllw }nlc{gtnlw rocll& [an {gon {c`nf {i nfbikn

cfk knbikn DNB biknr knunfk if {an cmglg{gnr id {anrnfri} fikn cfk {an bioulnqg{w id {an DNB bikn ~rnk&Rgfbn u}ibnrrgfj uizn} if rnfri} fiknr gr }nlc{gtnlw liz{agr ocw {c`n s~g{n c lifj {gon& Aizntn}, if {an Krwr=>g{ gr uirrgmln {i ckk r{cb`cmln ac}kzc}n lcwn}r, ifn id zagba gr cf DUJC zagba bcf mn ~rnk {i j}nc{lw runnk {annfbikgfj cfk knbikgfj id DNB biknr

Dgj~}n 3 DNB knlcw r~oonk itn} f~omn} id aiur

[an {gon {c`nf {i nfbikn, {}cfrog{, }nbngtn cfkknbikn cf DNB bcf mn knrb}gmnk cr dillizr8

Zan}n Nfbikn DNB cfk KnbiknDNBgr {an {gon {c`nf {infbikn cfk knbikn }nrunb{gtnlw, cfk [q)]qkc{c+anckn}+DNB

gr {an {gon {c`nf {i {}cfrog{ {an kc{c, {an anckn} cfk{an ckkg{gifcl mg{r di} {an DNB }nrunb{gtnlw {i {an

}nbngtn}& Bifrgkn} Dgj& 3& Zn ntcl~c{n {an {i{cl{}cfrogrrgif {gon di} c onrrcjn itn} c tc}gcmln f~omn} id aiur ~rgfj Ns~c{gif 3& [an {gon {c`nf {i {}cfrog{ cfk}nbngtn c ucb`n{ zg{ai~{ ckkg{gif DNB biknr gr ;ogllgrnbifkr !{wugbcl {}cfrogrrgif {gon if Krwr=> fikn'&[an ckkg{gifcl {gon {c`n {i {}cfrog{ cfk }nbngtn {an DNB

gr ;or& OCB cbbnrr gr bifrgkn}nk bifr{cf{ cfk {c`nr 34or !{wugbcl OCB cbbnrr {gon if Krwr=> fikn ~rgfj

bif{nf{gif mcrnk OCB u}i{ibil ~fkn} onkg~o {}cddgb'&[an {gonr {c`nf {i nfbikn cfk knbikn c}n knrb}gmnk gfDgj&3 cfk c}n 1or cfk 2=or }nrunb{gtnlw& Fi{n {ac{ gf {an

dillizgfj dgj~}nr !Dgj& 3 {i ;' {an tcl~n di} {an OCBcbbnrr {gon gr bifrgkn}nk {i mn bifr{cf{ cfk {an di}n {an}nr~l{cf{ j}cuar cuunc} lgfnc} zan}ncr gf c }ncl fn{zi}`

{anw zgll mn oi}n }cfkio cfk cddnb{nk mw bacfjnr gf{}cddgb bc~rn mw lifjn} ucb`n{ rgxn cfk }n{}cfrogrrgifn{b&& C]S u}i{ibilr ocw ~rn o~l{guln }nunc{{}cfrogrrgifr {i nfr~}n bi}}nb{ kc{c knlgtn}w mn{znnf{zi fiknr& Imtgi~rlw {agr zgll actn c rgjfgdgbcf{ nddnb{if {an knlcw gfb~}}nk& Aizntn} fi{n {ac{ C]S u}i{ibilr

c}n gfan}nf{lw }nrglgnf{ {i m~}r{ n}}i}r rgfbn {an }nunc{onrrcjnr c}n {noui}cllw kgrulcbnk d}io ncba i{an}&]nunc{gfj c onrrcjn bcf clri anlu {i conlgi}c{n {annddnb{r id mi{a fikn n}}i}r cfk, gf rion bcrnr, OCBn}}i}r& [an {gon {c`nf {i r~bbnrrd~llw rnfk c ucb`n{ zanf~rgfj }nunc{ lgf` lcwn} {}cfrogrrgifr gr cr {an dillizgfj

u}imcmglg{w8

zan}n uk}iu gr {an u}imcmglg{w {ac{ c ucb`n{ gr lir{ if{an zg}nlnrr lgf`, f gr {an f{a {}cfrogrrgif rnf{, cfk[gonI~{ gr {an {gon c fikn zcg{r di} cf CB@ {i mn}nbngtnk& [an rcon tcl~nr di} [ q)]q cfk POCBcbbnrr_

cr ~rnk gf Dgj& 3c}n ~rnk !; cfk 34or'&[an {goni~{ {c`nr4or& [an knlcw di} c tc}wgfj f~omn} id }n{}cfrogrrgifrgr bifrgkn}nk&





Dgj = Agja s~clg{w i} cl{n}fc{n }i~{n knlcw

Dgj 2 Knlcw k~n {i }i~{gfj

Dgj ; Knlcw gfb~}}nk mw nfk {i nfk on{aikr ~rgfj ][[

T& NFN]JW OIKNL DI] ZG]NLNRR

RNFRI] FN[ZI]@

Nfn}jw bifr~onk c{ fikn lntnl bcf mn biou~{nk crdillizr8

Zan}nN{i{cl8 [i{cl nfn}jw bifr~onk gf {an fn{zi}` Nnfb8 Nfn}jw bifr~onk mw {an nfbikn} c{ {an dg}r{

fiknN[Q8 Nfn}jw bifr~onk gf {}cfrogrrgif mw cll fiknrN]Q8 Nfn}jw bifr~onk gf }nbngtgfj {an kc{c mw cll

fiknrnqbnu{ dg}r{ ifn

Zan}no8 F~omn} id aiur

Fm8 [i{cl f~omn} id mg{r {}cfrog{{nk

N{q8 Nfn}jw bifr~onk gf {}cfrog{{gfj c rgfjln mg{d}io cfikn

N}q8 Nfn}jw bifr~onk gf }nbngtgfj c rgfjln mg{ c{ cfikn

[an {n}o N{q bcf mn }nu}nrnf{nk cr P7_8

Zan}n, N{n gr {an uizn} bifr~ou{gif c{ {}cfrog{{n}

nlnb{}ifgbr γ gr {an uc{a lirr biouifnf{ ~r~cllw tc}gnr mn{znnf =∝; zg{a γ ? 2 mngfj c {wugbcl tcl~n zanfrbc{{n}gfj gr bifrgkn}nk P1_&

N{c gr {an uizn} bifr~ou{gif id {}cfrog{{n} coulgdgn} cfk bcf mn jgtnf cr8

Zan}n gr {an knrg}nk RF] c{ {an g{a}nbngtn}, FD]Q gr figrn dgj~}n c{ }nbngtn}, F5 gr {an{an}ocl figrn, MZ gr {an mcfkzgk{a id bacffnl figrn, ΰ

gr zctnlnfj{a, Jcf{ gr cf{nffc jcgf, κcou gr {an{}cfrog{{n} nddgbgnfbw cfk ]mg{ gr {an }cz bacffnl }c{n gf mur& Gd {an bacffnlr actn liz figrn, {agr rbanon ocwbiouln{nlw }nbitn} {an i}gjgfcl kc{c zg{a {an ckkg{gifclcktcf{cjn id liz nfn}jw bifr~ou{gif& ]nrnc}ba acr {i mn kifn if {agr c}nc mw goulnonf{gfj {anrn oiknlr gfac}ra nftg}ifonf{&

TG& BIFBL^RGIF

]nlgcmln kc{c {}cfrogrrgif gf ac}ra nftg}ifonf{

knunfkr if {an zg}nlnrr bacffnlr cfk kc{c {}cfrog{{nkd}io {an rnfri} fiknr c}n t~lfn}cmln {i bi}}~u{gif mwn}}i}r gfk~bnk mw {anrn figrw bacffnlr Anfbn g{ gr

fnbnrrc}w {i cfclwrn cfk oiknl zg}nlnrr bacffnl {i u}itgkn c u}iun} n}}i} bif{}il rbanon {i }nk~bn {an mg{n}}i} }c{n !MN]'& K~n {i {an r{}gfjnf{ nfn}jw bifr{}cgf{

gf rnfri} fn{zi}`r, g{ gr tg{cl {i ~rn nfn}jw nddgbgnf{ n}}i} bif{}il rbanon&

Gf {agr ucun}, {an zg}nlnrr bacffnl gr cfclwrnk cfk {anbac}cb{n}gr{gbr id zg}nlnrr bacffnlr bacfjn itn} {gon,rucbn, cfk d}ns~nfbw gf zcwr {ac{ c}n kgddgb~l{ {i bcu{~}nnf{g}nlw zg{a {ani}n{gbcl oiknlr G{ acr mnnf blnc}lw

raizf {ac{ {an fnnkr id rnfri} fn{zi}` cuulgbc{gifr zg{a}ncl/{gon bifr{}cgf{r cfk knocfkr c}n fi{ bifrgkn}nk mw

b~}}nf{ on{aikilijgnr& U}ntgi~r }nrnc}ba acr bifrgkn}nknfn}jw cr {an u}goc}w bir{ cfk kn dcb{i ~fg{ id b~}}nfbw

gf rnfri} fn{zi}`r }nrnc}ba& Zn mnlgntn {ac{ gd cuulgbc{gifr zg{a }ncl/{gon bifr{}cgf{r c}n {i mnkntnliunk c }ckgbcl ragd{ id dib~r gr fnnknk {ac{nfbioucrrnr {an knocfkr id {anrn cuulgbc{gifr, fconlw

}nlgcmglg{w id kc{c knlgtn}w cfk {an {gonlgfnrr id kc{cknlgtn}w&

] NDN]NFBNR

P3_ B& Gf{cfcjifzgzc{, ]& Jitgfkcf, K& Nr{}gf& Kg}nb{nk Kgdd~rgif8

C Rbclcmln cfk ]im~r{ Bioo~fgbc{gif Uc}ckgjo di} Rnfri} Fn{zi}`r&

U}ib& id {an 4{a Cff~cl Bifdn}nfbn if Oimgln Biou~{gfj cfk

Fn{zi}`r, =555

P=_ D& R{cff cfk H& Angknocff& ]OR[8 ]nlgcmln Kc{c [}cfrui}{

gf Rnfri} Fn{zi}`r& U}ib& id {an GNNN Gf{n}fc{gifc{l Zi}`raiu ifRnfri} Fn{ U}i{ibilr cfk Cuulgbc{gifr, =552

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuul gbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ >5




P2_ C& Zii, [& [ifj, K& B~lln}& [cogfj {an ~fkn}lwgfjbacllnfjnr id }nlgcmln o~l{gaiu }i~{gfj gf rnfri} fn{zi}`r& U}ib&

id CBO Rnfrwr52, Lir Cfjnlnr, BC, RC, =552P;_ K& Jcfnrcf,M& @}grafcocbac}g, C& Zii, K& B~lln}, K&

Nr{}gf, R& Zgb`n}& Bioulnq mnactgi} c{ rbcln8 Cf nqun}gonf{cl

r{~kw id liz uizn} zg}nlnrr rnfri} fn{zi}`r& [nba& ]nui}{^BLC)BRK/[] 5=/5532, Biou~{n} Rbgnfbn Knu{&, ^BLC,

=55=

P>_ C& Zgllgj cfk ]& Og{rba`n& ]nr~l{r id Mg{ N}}i} Oncr~}nonf{r zg{a Rnfri} Fiknr cfk Bcr~gr{gb Bifrns~nfbnr

di} Knrgjf id Nfn}jw/ Nddgbgnf{ N}}i} Bif{}il Rbanonr& U}ib& id

{an GNNN N~}iuncf Zi}`raiu if Zg}nlnrr Rnfri} Fn{zi}`r,=554

P4_ N& I& Nllgi{{& Nr{goc{nr id n}}i} }c{nr di} biknr if m~}r{/figrn bacffnlr& Gf Mnll Rwr{no [nbafgbcl Hi~}fcl, til~on ;=,

ucjn 37::‒377:, 3742

P:_ N& I& Nllgi{{& Nr{goc{nr id n}}i} }c{nr di} biknr if m~}r{/figrn bacffnlr& Gf Mnll Rwr{no [nbafgbcl Hi~}fcl, til~on ;=,

ucjn 37::‒377:, 3742

P1_ U& Banf, M& IKnc cfk N& Bcllczcw, “Nfn}jw Nddgbgnf{Rwr{no Knrgjf zg{a Iu{go~o [}cfrogrrgif ]cfjn di} Zg}nlnrr

Ck Aib Fn{zi}`r,‟ GNNN Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Bioo&!GBB =55=', til& =, uu& 7;>/7>=, =1 Cu}gl / = Ocw =55=

P7_ Wcfj Lg~& Un}di}ocfbn gou}itnonf{ id zg}nlnrr

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C 2K R{cb`nk Onra FiB Di} ]nlgcmln Gf{n}/Lcwn} Bioo~fgbc{gif Cfk Bifjnr{gif

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Knuc}{onf{ id Nlnb{}ifgbr cfk Bioo~fgbc{gif Nfjj

Tnl{nba O~l{g{nba K}&]cfjc}chcf K},Rc ~f{aclc Nfjgfnn}gfj Billnjn

Banffcg,Gfkgc

Cmr{}cb{/ [an gfb}ncrgfj tgcmglg{w id 2K rglgbif gf{nj}c{gif

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zagba gr `fizf cr c O~l{gu}ibnrri} Rwr{no/if/Bagu P=_&

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}n c}n i{an} f ucg}&

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fcl gr un}o

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gf d~{~}n,

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lcmln rgjfclrigk {anrn uc

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an nqgr{gfj rg

oo~fgbc{gif

& Cr nqulcgf

c bifjnr{gifcfw dc~l{ if

cfnf{lw crrn}

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l u}imlno i

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n gr c dc~l{ i u}itgkn {an

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n fiknr ‑555ac{ m~r lgf`

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gfj {an fif/

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuul gbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ >>




TGG BIFBL^RGIF

Gf {agr ucun}, cf nfacfbnk c}bag{nb{~}n di} 2K

r{cb`nk onra FiB zcr u}iuirnk {i nfacfbn rwr{no un}di}ocfbn, }nk~bn uizn} bifr~ou{gif, cfkgou}itn {an rwr{no }nlgcmglg{w& [i {agr nfk, c

bifjnr{gif czc}n ckcu{gtn gf{n}lcwn} bioo~fgbc{gif

clji}g{ao zcr gf{}ik~bnk& [i kncl zg{a kncklib`, cf

cuu}iu}gc{n TB c}bag{nb{~}n zcr ~rnk zg{a rconf~omn} id m~ddn}r cr biouc}nk {i {an nqgr{gfj

r{cb`nk onra c}bag{nb{~}nr& Gf ckkg{gif, {an

bifjnr{gif rgjfcl {}gjjn}nk mw {an m~r c}mg{n} zcr

~rnk {i kncl zg{a dc~l{ {iln}cfbn& [agr nfcmlnkctigkgfj c dc~l{w tn}{gbcl m~r gf c uirrgmln uc{a di} c

f~omn} id ri~}bn/knr{gfc{gif ucg}r gf {an ntnf{ id c

m~r dcgl~}n&

]NDN]NFBNRP3_ R& Mi}`c}, “Knrgjfgfj }nlgcmln rwr{nor d}io ~f}nlgcmlnbiouifnf{r8 [an bacllnfjnr id {}cfrgr{i} tc}gcmglg{w cfk

knj}ckc{gif,‟ GNNN Ogb}i, Til& =>, Fi& 4, =55>, uu& 35/34&

P=_ C& Hn}}cwc cfk Zcwfn Zild, “O~l{gu}ibnrri} Rwr{nor/if/Bagur,‟ Oi}jcf @c~docff, 3r{ nkg{gif, Ib{imn} 3=, =55;&

P2_ C& Hcf{rba, cfk A& [nfa~fnf, Fn{zi}` if Bagu, @l~zn}

Cbcknogb U~mlgran}r, =552&

P;_ C& Z& [iuil n{ cl&, “[a}nn/Kgonfrgifcl Gf{nj}c{nk Bg}b~g{r,‟GMO H& ]nrnc}ba cfk Kntnliuonf{, Til& >5, Fi& ;)>, H~lw/Rnu{&

=554, uu& ;73/>54&P>_ T& D& Uctlgkgr cfk N& J& D}gnkocf, “2/K [iuilijgnr di}

Fn{zi}`r/if/ Bagu, ‟ gf U}ib& id GNNN [}cfr& Id TLRG Rwr{nor&,

Til& 3>, Fi& 35, =55:, uu&3513/3575&

P4_ M& R& Dnn}i cfk U& U& Ucfkn, “Fn{zi}`r/if/Bagu gf c [a}nn/Kgonfrgifcl Nftg}ifonf{8 C Un}di}ocfbn Ntcl~c{gif,‟ GNNN

[}cfrcb{gifr if Biou~{n}r, Til& >1, Fi& 3, =557, uu& 2=/;>&P:_ ]& R& Uc{{g, “[a}nn/Kgonfrgifcl Gf{nj}c{nk Bg}b~g{r cfk {an

D~{~}n id Rwr{no/if/Bagu Knrgjfr‟, gf U}ib id GNNN, Til& 7;, Fi&4, =554, uu& 3=3;/3==;&

P1_ L& U& Bc}lifg n{ cl&, “Fn{zi}`r/if/Bagu gf Non}jgfj

Gf{n}biffnb{ Uc}ckgjor8 Cktcf{cjnr cfk Bacllnfjnr,‟ gf U}ib& id Gf{n}fc{gifcl Rwouirg~o if Fn{zi}`r/if/Bagu, =557, uu& 72/357&

P7_ H& @go n{ cl&, “C fitnl kgonfrgifclw/knbiouirnk }i~{n} di} if/bagu bioo~fgbc{gif gf 2K c}bag{nb{~}nr,‟ gf U}ib& id

Gf{n}fc{gifcl Rwouirg~o if Biou~{n} C}bag{nb{~}nr, =55:& uu&

321/3;7&

P35_ D& Lg n{ cl&, “Knrgjf cfk Ocfcjnonf{ id 2K BaguO~l{gu}ibnrri}r ^rgfj Fn{zi}`/gf/Onoi}w,‟ gf U}ib& id

Gf{n}fc{gifcl Rwouirg~o if Biou~{n} C}bag{nb{~}n, =554, uu&325/3;3&

P33_ ]& R& ]cocf~hco cfk M& Lgf, “C Lcwn}/O~l{gulnqnk 2K If/

Bagu Fn{zi}` C}bag{nb{~}n,‟ GNNN Nomnkknk Rwr{nor Ln{{n}r,

Til& 3, Fi& =, =557, uu& >5/>>&P3=_ U& Li{dg/@co}cf n{ cl&, “NKQW ‒ C liz bir{ bifjnr{gif/

czc}n }i~{gfj clji}g{ao di} fn{zi}`/if/bagur,‟ Hi~}fcl id Rwr{nor

C}bag{nb{~}n, Til& >4, Fi& :, =535, uu& =>4/=4;&P32_ C&/B& Argna n{ cl&, “[RT ]nk~fkcfbw8 C}bag{nb{~}n cfk

Knrgjf Grr~nr gf 2K GB,‟ gf U}ib& id Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn ifKnrgjf, C~{ioc{gif, cfk [nr{ gf N}i~un, =535, uu& 344/3:3&





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Çblcg} actgfj c fnz znm m}izrn} cfk r~uui}{ di}A[OL> cfk Z2B jnilibgractgfj rion roc}{ dnc{~}nr lg`nkgjg{cl Xiio, bili} nddnb{r cfk oi}n&

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Aifnwbiom zcr cffi~fbnk c{ {an =533 Jiijln G)I if35 Ocw =533& / [i clliz aifnwbiom kntgbnr {i kg}nb{lw{}cfrdn} bif{nf{ d}io ^RM kntgbnr&

Aifnwbiom gr -cf gfb}nonf{cl }nlncrn {ac{ ckkr rntn}clfnz bcucmglg{gnr di} ~rn}r cfk kntnliun}r-& Agjalgja{rgfbl~kn iu{gogxc{gif di} c m}ickn} }cfjn id rb}nnf rgxnr0fnz -xiio/{i/dgll- rb}nnf biouc{gmglg{w oikn0 bcucmglg{w {ilick onkgc dglnr kg}nb{lw d}io {an RK bc}k0 cfk cf nq{nfknkrb}nnf r~uui}{ CUG, u}itgkgfj kntnliun}r zg{a oi}n u}nbgrnbif{}il itn} {an ^G&

m&Rwomgcf IR

Rwomgcf,if H~fn =;, =551 zcr cbs~g}nk mwFi`gc&U}ntgi~rlw g{ zcr izfnk mw N}gbrrif, rifwn}gbrrif,Ucfcrifgb cfk Rcor~fj& Rwomgcf

IR iddn}r c agja lntnl id gf{nj}c{gif id un}rifclgfdi}oc{gif ocfcjnonf{ zg{a bioo~fgbc{gif !UGO'&G{u}itgknr ocfw rn}tgbnr lg`n fctgjc{gif, jconr,crribgc{nlgm}c}gnr0 o~rgb ulcwmcb`r n{b&G{ acr rion ac}kzc}n}ns~g}nonf{r/

Q14 c}bag{nb{~}n Oifg{i}8 35=; q :41―ugqnl rb}nnf, Ac}k k}gtn8 =55 OM id d}nn kgr` rucbn, 34―

mg{ bili} Onoi}w8 >3=OM, BU^8 3&=JAx u}ibnrri}& Rion id {an }nlncrnr id Rwomgcf c}n/

3' Nuib ]nlncrn >8 Gf =555, g{ zcr }nlncrnk zg{aMl~n{ii{a r~bbnrri} bikn fconk bifif&G{ clrir~uui}{nk ^fgbikn&

=' Rwomgcf IR 4&5 cfk 4&3 ! N]4 '8G{ zcr}nlncrnk gf =55=&Gf {agr }nlncrn Ml~n{ii{a zcr ckknkdi} nqbacfjgfj kc{c itn} rai}{ kgr{cfbnr b}nc{gfjUn}rifcl C}nc Fn{zi}`!UCF'&G{ gr ~rnkgf Fi`gc 7=35&

2' Rwomgcf IR :&5 cfk :&5r8[agr tn}rgif ckknk NKJN r~uui}{ cfk GUT4&;' Rwomgcf IR 1&58Gf {agr tn}rgif id Rwomgcf IR, {an}n c}n fi ochi

} ntil~{gifr, acr rac}nk rion CUG‗r {i r~uui}{ 2J&>' Rwomgcf IR 7&38[an bacfjn di} {agr tn}rgif gr {an bacfjn id tn}rg

if 3&= di} {an Ml~n{ii{a acr tn}rgif =&5 zan}n {an kgddn}nfbn gr {an gf{}ik~b{gif id cf Nfacfbnk Kc{c ]c{n !NK]' di} dcr{n} kc{c {}cfrdn}& [an fiogfcl ]c{n id NK] gr cmi~{ 2 onjcmg{r un} rnbifk cl{ai~ja {an u}cb{gbcl kc{c {}cfrdn} }c{n gr =&3 onjcmg{r un} rnbifk&

cl {nlntgrgif m}ickbcr{r gf KTM―A cfk

GRKM―[ di}oc{r cfk clri libc{gif rn}tgbnr&

M& Zgfkizr Uaifn

Ogb}irid{ bcu{~}nk c j}nc{ c{{nf{gif c{ Oimgln Zi}lkBifj}nrr mw gf{}ik~bgfj Zgfkizr Uaifn : Rn}gnr, r~ba crZU:R, i} ZgfUai cfk }nu}nrnf{r c biouln{nlw fnzcuu}icba {i gf{n}cb{gfj zg{a wi~} uaifn& Gfr{nck id gbifr di}Cuur if {an ZU: rb}nnf ~rnr “a~mr‟, zagba c}n bnf{n}r di}cfw {wunid gfdi}oc{gif, cfk cll {an a~mr rnno {igf{n}biffnb{ {i ifn cfi{an}& Di} nqcouln, {an “Uniuln‟ a~mbif{cgfr wi~} bif{cb{r, rwfbnk d}io cfk lgf`nk zg{a cll wi~}ribgcl fn{zi}`r&

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bioo~fgbc{n zg{a ncba i{an} di}o c {noui}c}w fn{zi}`, zg{ai~{cfw di}o id bnf{}clgxnk ckogfgr{}c{gif& Ncba fikn uc}{gbguc{gfj gf{an fn{zi}` cb{r mi{a cr c air{ cfk cr c }i~{n}& [an r{~kw id kgr{}gm~{nk fn{zi}` cfk oimgln ck aib fn{zi}` !OCFN[' c}n

b~}}nf{lw {zi ai{rui{r gf kgr{}gm~{nk biou~{gfj cfk oimgln

bioo~fgbc{gif }nrnc}bagfj kiocgf& Zn m~glk ~u c kgr{}gm~{nkitn}lcw fn{zi}` if {iu id OCFN[*r uawrgbcl gfd}cr{}~b{~}n, {inddnb{gtnlw gf{nj}c{n kgr{}gm~{nk fn{zi}`‗r cktcf{cjn if

r~r{cgfgfj agjalw kwfcogb fn{zi}` gf{i {an knrgjf id OCFN[}i~{gfj u}i{ibil& Zn knuliw ucrrgtn OCFN[ }i~{gfj clji}g{aorzg{a gffitc{gtn kgr{}gm~{nk }i~{gfj onbacfgror& Zn u}iuirn cfnz `gfk id OCFN[ }i~{gfj u}i{ibil fconk kgr{}gm~{nk

Biou~{gfj mcrnk ck/aib if knocfk }i~{gfj !KCIKT'& I~}zi}` gfkgbc{nr {ac{ KCIKT acr cf gou}itnk }i~{gfjun}di}ocfbn gf biouc}grif zg{a {an uiu~lc}lw ~rnk CIKTu}i{ibil&

@nwzi}kr/ OCFN[, KCIKT, kgr{}gm~{nk fn{zi}`&

G& GF[]IK^B[GIF

Gf ck/aib fn{zi}`r, bioo~fgbc{gifr c}n kifn itn}

zg}nlnrr onkgc mn{znnf r{c{gifr kg}nb{lw gf c kgr{}gm~{nk

dcragif zg{ai~{ {an anlu id zg}nk mcrn r{c{gif i} cbbnrr

uigf{r& Zg{a {an uiu~lc}g{w id ck/aib fn{zi}`r, ocfw

}i~{gfj u}i{ibilr actn mnnf knrgjfnk di} }i~{n kgrbitn}w

cfk }i~{n ocgf{nfcfbn& [anw c}n oir{lw knrgjfnk di} mnr{

nddi}{ {}cfrogrrgif zg{ai~{ cfw j~c}cf{nn id s~clg{w id

{}cfrogrrgifr& Rion id {an oir{ dcoi~r }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr

c}n Kwfcogb Ri~}bn ]i~{gfj !KR]' Ck/aib If Knocfk

Tnb{i} !CIKT' Iu{gogxnk Lgf` R{c{n ]i~{gfj u}i{ibil

!ILR]', cfk Xifn ]i~{gfj U}i{ibil !X]U'& If {an i{an}rgkn, Kgr{}gm~{nk fn{zi}` gr b~}}nf{lw c ai{rui{ gf {an

gf{n}fc{gifcl fn{zi}` }nrnc}bagfj kiocgf& Kgddn}nf{ `gfkr

id kgr{}gm~{nk fn{zi}` oiknlr r~ba cr Fcur{n}, D}nnfn{ cfk

Jf~{nllc actn cl}nckw mnnf uiu~lc}lw ~rnk& Aizntn}, ncba

id {ano acr rion iunf u}imlnor P=_, P2_& [i riltn {anrn

u}imlnor, r{}~b{~}nk KGR[]GM^[NK itn}lcw fn{zi}`r

!RIF' r~ba cr BCF, Bai}k P;_, Ucr{}w cfk [cunr{}w c}n

u}iuirnk {i u}itgkn c `gfk id onbacfgro {i gou}itn

fn{zi}` rbclcmglg{w P>_& Cll id {anrn RIF clji}g{aor actn c

biooif j}i~fk {ac{ {anw cll crrgjf `nwr {i kc{c cfk fiknr

{a}i~ja c acragfj d~fb{gif, cfk c{ {an rcon {gon {anw ~rn

{anrn `nwr {i r{i}n cfk ocgf{cgf kc{c zagba c}n rac}nk gf

{an fn{zi}` P4_&

GG&ITN]TGNZ ID OCFN[ CFK KGR[]GM^[NK

FN[ZI]@R

KGR[]GM^[NK fn{zi}`r c}n uiu~lc} Gf{n}fn{ cuulgbc{gifr

{ac{ nfcmln ~rn}r {i rac}n biou~{gfj }nri~}bnr& [ikcw,

KGR[]GM^[NK, Znm m}izrgfj, cfk nocgl bcf mn u~{

{ijn{an} gf {an rcon blcrr id goui}{cfbn& Fcur{n} gr {an

{iil u}imcmlw oir{ }nruifrgmln di} {an uiu~lc}gxc{gif id

KGR[]GM^[NK fn{zi}`r k~n {i g{r o~rgb rac}gfj r~uui}{&

Ri dc}, rntn}cl Fcur{n} blifnr cfk jnfn}cl dgln rac}gfj

rwr{nor actn mnnf b}nc{nk, r~ba cr @cXcC, Mg{[i}}nf{,

cfk nO~ln& KGR[]GM^[NK fn{zi}`r c}n biouirnk id

rid{zc}n fiknr !unn}r' gfr{cllnk if {an nkjnr id {anGf{n}fn{, ~r~cllw gf gfnqunfrgtn ~rn} air{r clifj kgtn}rn

ckogfgr{}c{gtn kiocgfr& Ncba unn} bioo~fgbc{nr zg{a

i{an} unn}r kg}nb{lw i} gfkg}nb{lw {i rac}n libcl }nri~}bnr

!n&j&, onoi}w, dglnr, u}ibnrrgfj uizn}', di}ogfj }im~r{

kgr{}gm~{nk rwr{nor itn} {an Gf{n}fn{& [an KGR[]GM^[NK

bioo~fgbc{gif oiknl blnc}lw kgddn}r d}io {an blgnf{/rn}tn}

oiknl& Gf blgnf{/rn}tn}, rn}tn}r r{i}n }nri~}bnr cbbnrrnk mw

blgnf{r, mw bif{}cr{, gf KGR[]GM^[NK ncba unn} gr g{rnld c

}nuirg{i}w {ac{ rac}nr g{r }nri~}bnr zg{a i{an} unn}r, {a~r

di}ogfj nftg}ifonf{r zan}n }nri~}bnr c}n kgr{}gm~{nk

coifj unn}r cb{gfj cr mi{a rn}tn}r cfk blgnf{r&

Blgnf{/rn}tn} ckk}nrrgfj gr mcrnk if {an Gf{n}fn{ Kiocgf

Fcon Rwr{no !KFR', zagln KGR[]GM^[NK fn{zi}`r

nouliw ckk}nrrgfj rbanonr gfknunfknf{ d}io KFR {i

gfknq unn}r, ~rn}r, cfk }nri~}bnr& Blgnf{/rn}tn} onrrcjnr

c}n }i~{nk c{ {an fn{zi}` lcwn} mw Gf{n}fn{ }i~{n}r, m~{

KGR[]GM^[NK onrrcjnr c}n }i~{nk c{ {an cuulgbc{gif

lcwn} mw }i~{gfj unn}r&

Actgfj }i~{gfj cfk ckk}nrrgfj m~gl{ if {iu id Gf{n}fn{

u}i{ibilr, KGR[]GM^[NK fn{zi}`r c}n s~g{n kwfcogb

nftg}ifonf{r zan}n fnz unn}r bcf higf {an fn{zi}` zanf

{anw c}n r{c}{nk gf ~rn} air{r, cfk lnctn zanf ~rn}r

ra~{kizf {an unn}r& [agr kwfcogb fc{~}n oc`nr

KGR[]GM^[NK fn{zi}`r mi{a ~fu}nkgb{cmln cfk rbclcmln8





g

l

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` bcucbg{w

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{an }nrnc}ba i

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GG& K

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Dgj& = C}bag{nb{~}n id KCIKT Oiknl

c&Mcrgb Knrgjf

KCIKT ~rnr {an fikn fcogfj onbacfgro ~rnk gf Bai}k&

G{ ckiu{r c bifrgr{nf{ acragfj clji}g{ao P35_, P33_& Ncba

fikn gr crrgjfnk cf o/mg{ fikn gknf{gdgn} !FGK', zagba gr

im{cgfnk mw acragfj {an fikn*r GU ckk}nrr& [a~r zn c}n

cmln {i runbgdw {an libc{gif id {an fikn gf {an acra }gfj&Zanf c fikn higfr {an fn{zi}` di} {an dg}r{ {gon, c fnz

FGK }cfjgfj d}io 5 {i !=o/3' gr c~{ioc{gbcllw crrgjfnk

mcrnk if {an ckiu{nk acragfj clji}g{ao& [i rgoulgdw {an

}i~{gfj clji}g{ao, zn actn ckiu{nk {an kgrbif{gf~i~r

fcogfj onbacfgro ~rnk gf Bai}k& [an fikn r{c{n gr

ocgf{cgfnk gf {an KCIKT }i~{gfj {cmln !U][' zagba gr

rgoglc} {i {an }i~{gfj {cmln id CIKT& [an kgddn}nfbn gr

{ac{, KCIKT ~rnr {an FGK di} {an knr{gfc{gif fikn cfk

{an fnq{ aiu, zan}ncr {an lc{n} ~rnr {an fikn‗r GU ckk}nrr&

C& ]i~{n kgrbitn}w Clji}g{ao

[an KCIKT }i~{n kgrbitn}w clji}g{ao kgrbitn}r {an

}i~{n d}io {an ri~}bn fikn {i {an knr{gfc{gif fikn

}ncb{gtnlw& [an }i~{n kgrbitn}w gr {}gjjn}nk mw {an oimgln

fiknr ~fkn} cfw id {an dillizgfj, cfk cf ~ukc{n gr }ns~g}nk

gf {an U][ {cmln&

g& C fikn gfg{gc{nr {an }i~{n kgrbitn}w u}ibnk~}n&

gg& Zanf c fikn }nbngtnr {an }i~{n s~n}w onrrcjn

!]]NS', g{ s~n}gnr {an U][, gd {an }i~{n gr f~ll i} i~{ kc{nk,

{an }i~{n kgrbitn}w on{aik gr gfti`nk&

ggg& Zanf c }i~{n grr~nr c }i~{n n}}i} onrrcjn !]N]]' {i

{an fikn zagba gfg{gc{nk {an kc{c {}cfrogrrgif& [an

gfg{gc{gfj fikn r{c}{r {an }i~{n s~n}w on{aik&

C knrb}gu{gif id {an }i~{n kgrbitn}w clji}g{ao gr jgtnf

mnliz83' Fikn O banb`r di} ]]NS gf bcban& Gd {an ri~}bn

gknf{gdgn} cfk {an }ns~nr{ gknf{gdgn} gr {an rcon, {an }ns~nr{

gr kgrbc}knk&

=' O banb`r gf {an ]i~{n ]nbi}k zan{an} ]]NS

onrrcjn bif{cgfr FGK!O'& Gd di~fk, {an onrrcjn gr

kgrbc}knk&

2' O banb`r zan{an} {an knr{gfc{gif fikn gr u}nrnf{ gf

{an U][ nf{}gnr& Gd di~fk ji {i r{nu >, i{an}zgrn {i r{nu 4&

;' O banb`r zan{an} {an knr{gfc{gif fikn gr O g{rnld& Gd

{}~n, ji {i r{nu >, i{an}zgrn {i r{nu 4&

>' O banb`r zan{an} {an }i~{n gr mg/kg}nb{gifcl& Gd g{ gr,

{an }i~{n }nulw onrrcjn !]]NU' gr rnfk {i {an gfg{gc{gfj

fikn R kg}nb{lw& I{an}zgrn, {an }i~{n kgrbitn}w on{aik gr

gfti`nk&4' O ckkr g{rnld {i {an }i~{n }nbi}k cfk m}ickbcr{r

]]NS onrrcjn {i {an fngjami}r&

M& U][ S~n}wgfj Clji}g{ao

[an U][ s~n}wgfj clji}g{ao s~n}gnr {an U][ cfk ugb`r

~u {an Fnq{ Aiu ]gfj Gf{n}tcl !F]G' zagba gr {an blirnr{

{i K& Cfw i~{kc{nk nf{}gnr c}n ~ukc{nk& [an clji}g{ao gr

knugb{nk cr dillizr8

3' Zanf c fikn O gfg{gc{nr i} }nbngtnr c ]]NS

onrrcjn, g{ biouc}nr {an knr{gfc{gif fikn gknf{gdgn} id {an

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]]NU {i s~n}wgfj gfg{gc{gfj fikn R&

=' O zgll rnc}ba gf{i {an U][ cfk biouc}nr {an

knr{gfc{gif fikn gknf{gdgn} !K' zg{a {an U][ nf{}gnr {i dgfk{an F]G {i zagba K mnlifjr di} onrrcjn {}cfrdn}&

2' O {}gjjn}r {an }i~{n kgrbitn}w di} {an knr{gfc{gif

fikn cfk zcg{r di} {an }nruifrn& Gd {an }nruifrn gd }nbngtnk

{an U][ gr ~ukc{nk, i{an}zgrn c dcgl~}n onrrcjn gr rnfk&

b&KCIKT ]i~{n ^ukc{n cfk Ocgf{nfcfbn

]i~{n ocgf{nfcfbn gr }ns~g}nk k~n {i {an fiknr‗

oimglg{w& Gf OCFN[r, c fikn‗r uirg{gif bacfjnr zg{a {gon,

{agr lnckr {i kwfcogb fn{zi}` {iuilijw& C knr{gfc{gif

fikn ocw mnbion i~{ id }ncba k~n {i fi}ocl i} cmfi}ocl

knuc}{~}n i} acr oitnk i~{ id {an {}cfrogrrgif }cfjn&

Zanf {agr ibb~}r, {an }i~{n ~ukc{gfj clji}g{ao gr {}gjjn}nk

}ncb{gtnlw& Zanf {an}n gr c dcgl~}n gf {an kc{c {}cfrogrrgif,

{an fikn zagba gfg{gc{nk {an ucb`n{ {}cfrdn} zgll grr~n cf

itn}k~n onrrcjn {i {an }nlc{nk fiknr& [a~r {an U][

nf{}gnr c}n i~{kc{nk cfk {an }i~{n ~ukc{n gr {}gjjn}nk& Gd {an

}i~{n kgrbitn}w u}ibnrr nfkr gf c dcgl~}n, g{ oncfr {ac{ {an

knr{gfc{gif fikn acr oitnk i~{ id }cfjn& [an}ndi}n {an

knr{gfc{gif fikn gr oc}`nk cr gftclgk&

K~n {i {an agja kwfcogb bac}cb{n}, oimgln fiknr ocw

higf cfk lnctn {an fn{zi}` c{ cfw {gon& [i rctn {an }i~{n

ocgf{nfcfbn bir{, zanf c fikn higfr {an fn{zi}`, KCIKT

zgll fi{ gfg{gclgxn g{r U][& If {an bif{}c}w, {an U][ gr

bifr{}~b{nk iflw if knocfk&

KCIKT fiknr zgll iflw itn}anc} {an ri~}bn }i~{n

}nlc{nk {i {an fnq{ aiu fikn gf g{r libcl U][& Mw kigfj {agr,KCIKT gfan}g{r cll {an cktcf{cjnr id CIKT c{ {an rcon

{gon lgog{r& Mw {an ~rn id Uanlli onrrcjnr gf KCIKT,

oimgln fiknr m}ickbcr{ uanlli onrrcjnr }ncb{gtnlw&

[an}ndi}n {an gfdi}oc{gif cmi~{ {an fngjami} fiknr c}n

billnb{nk iflw zanf {an}n gr c fnnk di} }i~{n kgrbitn}w& Gd

{an knr{gfc{gif fikn gr ifn id {an fngjami}r, {an }i~{n

kgrbitn}w u}ibnrr r{iur cfk ]]NU gr }n{~}fnk {i {an ri~}bn&

Bifrns~nf{lw, {an itn}lick id fiknr gf KCIKT gr

}nk~bnk

GGG& RGO^LC[GIF ]NR^L[R

Dgln

Kgrbitn}w

Rn}tgbn

Gfdi}oc{gif

Ckogfgr{}c{gif

Rn}tgbn

Dgln

[}cfrdn}

Rn}tgbn

Bioo~fgbc{gif

Rnb~}g{w

Rn}tgbn

KGR[]GM^[NK Biou~{gfj Mcrnk OCFN[ ]i~{gfjClji}g{ao

KGR[]GM^[NK Itn}lcw Fn{zi}` !Fikn Fcogfj cfk

Gfknqgfj'

OCFN[ Uawrgbcl Fn{zi}`





g

g

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c fikn cr {

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gr kifn zg{a

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un

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ui

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d~{

Bi

di

Bi

2:

Z

Bi

go

F

Rw

~}fcl id Uc}clln

tnomn}, =557

P=_ H& Q~, -If

k fn{zi}` kgcon{

n Bifdn}nfbn if& =3::/=31:&

P2_ R& Rnf cfk

{zi}`r,- GNNN)C

5;, uu& =37/=2=&

P;_ G& R{igbc,

crain`, D& Kcmn

n} lii`~u u}i{ib

Fn{zi}`gfj, Til

P>_ H& Q~, C&

{znnf }i~{gfj

{zi}`r,- GNNN Hi

& 3, Hcf =55;, uu

P4_ R& Hcgf, ]& O

{nf{gcl id KA[/

bafilijgnr cfk R

P:_ R& Hgcfj, W&tc}gcmln {iuilijg

lnb{nk C}ncr gf

>4&

P1_ K& Bctclbcf

r~nr gf gf{nj}c{

~}gr{gb an{n}i

oo~fgbc{gifr, T

P7_ B& A& Dia

o~lc di} ifn/kg

fdn}nfbn if Bi

;=&

P35_ C& K~}cf

FB =55; /

fdn}nfbn, Til& >,

P33_ H& Ogrba`n

ulnonf{c{gif di}

OR =55; / G

ouirg~o, Til& 7,

l cfk Kgr{}gm~{n

{an d~fkconf{cl

n} gf unn}/{i/unn

Biou~{n} Bioo

& Zcfj, -Cfclw

O [}cfrcb{gifr

& Oi}}gr, K& L

`, cfk A& Mclc`

l di} gf{n}fn{ cu

& 33, Fi& 3, Dnm

~oc}, cfk Q&

{cmln rgxn cfk

~}fcl if Rnlnb{n

& 3>3/342&

cachcf, cfk K&

crnk itn}lcwr,-

wr{nor!^RG[R =5

g~, W& Hgcfj, cfknr di} }i~{gfj rba

ioo~fgbc{gifr,

{g, K& Cj}czcl,

gfj bnll~lc} fn{

nfni~r zg}nl

il& 3=, Fi& 2, H~

fk M& R& Lnn, -

nfrgifcl OCF

o~fgbc{gifr, T

cfk B&/B& Ranf,

GNNN Zg}nlnrr

Fi& 3, Oc}ba =5

cfk M& R{glln},

c agjalw rbclcml

NNN)GDGU Fn{z

Fi& 3, Cu} =55;,

k Biou~{gfj, T

{}ckniddr mn{zn

} fn{zi}`r,- GNN

~fgbc{gifr, Til&

xgfj unn}/{i/unn

if Fn{zi}`gfj,

gmnf/Fiznll, K&

}grafcf, -Bai}k8

ulgbc{gifr,- GNN

552, uu& 3:/2=&

W~, -If {an d~

fn{zi}` kgcon

k C}ncr gf Bio

n{an}cll, -C r{~k

;{a^RNFGQ Rw

52', Oc}ba =552&

S& Wgf, -U}itgrgnonr gf OCFN

Til& ==, Fi& :,

B& Bi}kng}i, M&

zi}`r, ZLCFr,

rr fn{zi}`,-

n =55>&

C blirnk di}o f

[r,- GBB =55; /

il& =:, Fi& 3, H

-Oimgln ck ai

Bioo~fgbc{gif

5;, uu& 33;/337&

-Nddgbgnf{ u}i{ib

n unn}/{i/unn} r

i}` Iun}c{gifr

uu& ;33/;=;&

il~on 47 Grr~n

f }i~{gfj {cmln

GFDIBIO , =5

==, Fi& 3, Oc} =

{}cddgb cb}irr l

Til& 3=, Fi& =,

]& @c}jn}, O&

C rbclcmln unn}

)CBO [}cfrcb{g

fkconf{cl {}ckn

{n} gf unn}/{i/

~fgbc{gifr, Til&

id {an un}di}oc

uirg~o if Gf{n

&

ifgfj id ckcu{cmgr,- GNNN Hi~}fc

Rnu =55;, uu& 32

Qgn, cfk C& @~

cfk OCFN[r8

GNNN Zg}n

n{zi}` biffnb{g

GNNN Gf{n}fc{g

fn =55;, uu& 2:

U=U dgln rac}g

r cfk Fn{zi}

il runbgdgbc{gif

c}ba gfd}cr{}~b{~

cfk Ocfcjn

33,

rgxn

2 /

52,

}jn

Cu}

D&

/{i/

ifr

ddr

nn}

==,

fbn

}fn{

glg{wl if

;:/

c},

8 C

lnrr

tg{w

fcl

27/

j,-

gfj

cfk

}n,-

nf{







GRMF8 7:1/13/7=5>:>/:/4 88 kig8 35& :2755)GRMFY5:41

CBO "8 kmn}&gon}c&35& :2755

Oiknlgfj Goucb{ id Tc}wgfj Kc{c ]c{nr di} Tc}gi~r Ru}nck Runb{}~o

[nbafgs~nr if Lick gf ZLCF Ck/Aib Oikn

]chcf Tia}c

Lnb{~}n}, Knuc}{onf{ id

Nlnb{}ifgbr [nbafilijwJ~}~ Fcfc` Knt ^fgtn}rg{w

Co}g{rc}, U~fhcm, Gfkgc

Cmr{}cb{8/&Zg}nlnrr Libcl C}nc Fn{zi}` !ZLCF' ~rnr

agja d}ns~nfbw }ckgi zctnr }c{an} {acf zg}nr {i

bioo~fgbc{n cfk {}cfrog{ kc{c& C zg}nlnrr libcl c}nc

fn{zi}` lgf`r {zi i} oi}n kntgbnr cfk jgtnr ~rn}r {an

oimglg{w {i oitn c}i~fk zg{agf c libcl bitn}cjn c}nc cfk

r{gll mn biffnb{nk {i {an fn{zi}`& Zg}nlnrr kc{c biffnb{gifractn gfan}nf{lw agja mg{ n}}i} }c{nr, liz mcfkzgk{a cfk lifj

knlcwr& Gf {agr ucun} IUFN[ Oiknln} 7&3 fn{zi}` rgo~lc{i}

acr mnnf ~rnk {i ki {an biouc}c{gtn oiknlgfj cfk

rgo~lc{gif id {an lick di} kgddn}nf{ kc{c }c{nr !3, =, >&>,33

omur' cfk tc}gi~r {nbafgs~nr !DA, KR, GD' cfk bifbl~knk

DA {nbafgs~n gr mn{{n} gf 3 Omur rbnfc}gi cfk mnr{ gf 33

Omur rbnfc}gi {acf KR cfk GD {nbafgs~nr&P:&1_

@nwzi}kr8 ZLCF, Lick, IUFN[, DA, KR, GD&

3& GF[]IK^B[GIF

Zg}nlnrr LCFr c}n mnbiogfj uiu~lc} {an zi}lk itn}

k~n {i ncrn id gfr{cllc{gif, cfk {an cmglg{w {i iddn} zg}nlnrrcbbnrr {i {ang} ~rn}r id{nf di} d}nn P3_& [an GNNN !Gfr{g{~{n

id Nlnb{}gbcl cfk Nlnb{}ifgb Nfjgfnn}r' 15=&33

runbgdgbc{gifr ~rnk {an =&; JAx d}ns~nfbw mcfk cfk

gfg{gcllw r~uui}{nk c ocqgo~o kc{c }c{n id 3 {i = Omur &

[an 15=&33m runbgdgbc{gif gfb}ncrnk {an un}di}ocfbn {i

33 Omur gf {an =&; JAx }cfjn& G{ nfbioucrrnr {an

uawrgbcl !UAW' cfk {an onkgc cbbnrr bif{}il !OCB'

lcwn}r id {an GRI rntnf/lcwn} fn{zi}` oiknl P=_& Zg}nlnrr

libcl c}nc fn{zi}`r !ZLCFr' mcrnk if {an GNNN 15=&33

r{cfkc}k c}n ifn id {an dcr{nr{ j}izgfj Zg}nlnrr cbbnrr

{nbafilijgnr gf {an zi}lk {ikcw& [anrn u}itgkn cf

nddnb{gtn oncfr id cbagntgfj zg}nlnrr kc{c biffnb{gtg{w gf

aionr, u~mlgb ulcbnr cfk iddgbn cfk clri nfcmln uniuln if

{an oitn {i bioo~fgbc{n zg{a cfwifn, cfwzan}n c{cfw{gon zg{a c }cfjn id o~l{gonkgc P3/2_& [an ZLCF

onkgc gr n}}i} u}ifn cfk {an mg{ n}}i} }c{n !MN]' gr tn}w

agja biouc}nk {i {an MN] id zg}nk fn{zi}`r& Gf ckkg{gif,

Bc}}gn} Rnfrgfj gr kgddgb~l{ gf zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`r mnbc~rn c

r{c{gif gr gfbcucmln id lgr{nfgfj {i g{r izf {}cfrogrrgifr gf

i}kn} {i kn{nb{ c billgrgif&

[an}n c}n {zi iun}c{gif oiknr kndgfnk gf GNNN 15=&33

!c' Gfd}cr{}~b{~}n Oikn

Gf {an gfd}cr{}~b{~}n oikn cmitn, {an zg}nlnrr fn{zi}` bifrgr{r id c{ lncr{ ifn CU !cbbnrr uigf{' biffnb{nk {i {an

zg}nk gfd}cr{}~b{~}n& Cll {an zg}nlnrr r{c{gifr c}n biffnb{nk {i{an CU& Cf CU bif{}ilr nfb}wu{gif if {an fn{zi}` cfk clri bcf

}i~{n {an zg}nlnrr {}cddgb {i c zg}nk fn{zi}` !rcon cr c }i~{n}'&

Zn bcf crr~on cf CU cr rgoglc} {i mcrn r{c{gif ~rnk gf

bnll~lc} fn{zi}`r&

!m' Ckaib OiknCU gr fi{ }ns~g}nk gf Ck/Aib oikn, {an zg}nlnrr r{c{gif gr

biffnb{nk {i ncba i{an} kg}nb{lw zg{ai~{ ~rgfj cf CU i} cfw

i{an} biffnb{gif& [an {iuilijw gr ~rnd~l {i rn{ ~u c zg}nlnrr

fn{zi}`r s~gb`lw& Ck/Aib oikn gr clri bcllnk unn} {i unn}

oikn i} !GMRR' Gfknunfknf{ Mcrgb Rn}tgbn Rn{&

[agr ucun} knclr zg{a {an lick iu{gogxc{gif {nbafgs~nr {ac{

bcf mn nddnb{gtnlw ~rnk di} c ZLCF mcrnk if {an fn{zi}`

rgo~lc{i}, IUFN[ Oiknln} 7&3P2_&

GG& OIKNL I^[LGFN

Gf i~} oiknl, zn ~rnk {zi zi}`r{c{gifr mn{znnf zagba,

zn {}cfrdn} gfdi}oc{gif)kc{c {a}i~ja zg}nlnrr oikn zg{a {an

anlu id kgddn}nf{ {nbafgs~nr cfk kc{c }c{nr {ac{ c}n ctcglcmln

gf IUFN[ OIKNLN] 7&3& Zn actn ockn ; rbnfc}gir cfk

gf ncba rbnfc}gi ; kgddn}nf{ kc{c }c{nr di} 2 kgddn}nf{

{nbafgs~nr !D}ns~nfbw Aiuugfj, Kg}nb{ Rns~nfbn cfk

Gfd}c}nk' actn mnnf nouliwnk di} i~} rgo~lc{gif cfk {a}i~ja

{anrn rbnfc}gir zn biouc}n lick uc}con{n} cfk ntcl~c{n {an

un}di}ocfbn c{ kgddn}nf{ kc{c }c{nr di} tc}gi~r {nbafgs~nr&[cmln G raizr {an ZLCF {}cddgb jnfn}c{gif uc}con{n}r

di} mi{a {an rbnfc}gi& Iun}c{gif Oikn ~rnk gf {an rbnfc}gi grrn}gcl !i}kn}nk', r{c}{ {gon !rnbifkr' c}n ~fgdi}o !355,335',}nun{g{gif uc{{n}f gf {an rbnfc}gir gr rn}gcl, f~omn} id }nun{g{gifr gr bifr{cf{ cfk }nr{ id {an uc}con{n}r ~rnk c}nlgr{nk gf {cmln mnliz8

[cmln GG raizr {an uc}con{n}r, zagba c}n ~rnk gfkgddn}nf{ rbnfc}gir di} rgo~lc{gif& Uc}con{n}r gfkgbc{n {ac{zn ~rn UAW bac}cb{n}gr{gbr cr Kg}nb{ rns~nfbn, D}ns~nfbwAiuugfj cfk Gfd}c}nk, m~ddn} rgxn !mg{r' 35=; ` di} cllrbnfc}gir& Mcfkzgk{a ~rnk di} {an ZLCF gf rbnfc}gi 3 cfkrbnfc}gi = gr 3 Omur cfk = Omur }nrunb{gtnlw cfk di}rbnfc}gi 2 cfk ; g{ gr >&> cfk 33 Omur }nrunb{gtnlw&





G

Gf I~} o{}cfrdn} gfdi

{nbafgs~nr ~rg

UFN[ OI

actgfj kgddn}

n}di}ocfbn

rbnfc}gir act

355(355o Z

n}di}ocfbn ~

Omur }nrunb{g

ZLCF rbnf

[CMLN G&

]n

Iun

R{c}{

Gf{n}/}

!rn

F~omn

GG& RGO^LC[

knl, zn ~rnk}oc{gif)kc{c

fj tc}gcmln k

NLN] 7&3& A

f{ kc{c }c{n

gr ntcl~c{nk

n mnnf {nr{nk

CF oiknl dc

fkn} kgddn}nf{

nlw&

c}gi c{ kgddn}nf{ {

Zg}nlnrr LCF {}c

C{{}gm~{n

K~}c{gif

unc{cmglg{w

}c{gif Oikn

gon !rnbifkr'

nun{g{gif [gon

bifkr'

} id ]nun{g{gifr

GIF NTCL^

{zi zi}`r{c{gzg}nlnrrlw

{c }c{nr zagb

n}n zn actn

di} tc}gi~r

~fkn} {anrn

gf bcou~r

glw& Gf {agr u

kc{c }c{nr id

bafgs~nr !DA, K

ddgb jnfn}c{gif u

Tcl

Nfk id rg

Ifbn

[gon

Rn}gcl !

~fgdi}o !

bifr{cf

bifr{c

C[GIF

ifr gf zagba,i} {an tc}g

a c}n ctcglcml

ockn ; rbnfc

{nbafgs~nr&

rbnfc}gir& [

ftg}ifonf{

un}, zn tn}gdw

3, =, >&>, cfk

R, GD' cfk kc{c }

c}con{n}r

l~n

o~lc{gif

{ R{c}{

}kn}nk'

355,335'

{ !255'

{ !25'

zngi~r

gf

}gir

[an

nrn

g{a

{an

33

{nr&

}c{

imr

fi

{nb

Om

Kg}

35

kc{

c}i

{an

G]

!mg{

cf

{n}

Om

gf

rbn

mc

B

[

]nun{g{gi

Zn actn imr

r di} tc}gi~r

n}tnk {ac{ c{

nr gr bio

afgs~nr!KR,D

ur rbnfc}gi D

nb{ Rns~nfbn

,555!mg{r)rnb

Dgj~}n

c }c{n, {an}n g

~fk 2>5,555

rcon {gon D

{nbafgs~n,

r)rnb' di} DA&

Zanf zn bi

DA {nbafgs~

r id Mg{r)rnb

ur rbnfc}gi

3 Omur rbnf

fc}gi& ]ncri

kzgk{a jgtnr

fiknr ~rgfj g

Uc}con{n}

!r'

Ckk}nrr

ZLCF

mcfkzgk{a

!mur'

UAWac}cb{n}gr{gbr

Rli{ {gon

!r'

Ucb`n{

]nbnu{gif/

Uizn}

a}nrailk !Z'

Rai}{

]n{}w Lgog{!C{{nou{r'

Lifj

]n{}w Lgog{!C{{nou{r'

M~ddn}

rgxn!mg{r'

Ocq

]nbngtn

Lgdn{gon

!rnbr'

f Uc{{n}f

n}tnk {an }nr

{nbafgs~nr&

= cfk >&> Om

c}c{gtnlw r

A cfk GD' m

}ns~nfbw Ai

cfk Gfd}c}n

di} {an un}gi

> raizr {ac{

k}cr{gb gfb}

mg{r)rnb' di} {

cfk KR {nba

335,555 !mg{

uc}n rbnfc}g

nr c}n mn{{n}

gf bcrn id 33

agba raizr {

c}gi gr lnrr

di} {agr gr

lnrr lick if {

f {an rbnfc}gi

Rbnf

c}gi 3 c}g

C~{i Crrgj

3

Omur O

KR,DA,GD A

35=;555

5&>

Rn}gcl

~l{r id Lick

}io dgj~}n 2

ur Lick !mg{

on di} cll

{ dgj~}n 3 r~

ugfj {nbafgs

[nbafgs~nr

35/45 ogf~{

i} GD {nbafgs

crn gf Lick i

an un}gik 5/4

fgs~nr jgtn m

r)rnb' di}

di} 3Omur c

{acf G]& [an

Omur rbnfc}g

ac{ {an lick i

r biouc}nk

zi}`gfj id

an

&

Rbnf

i =

Rbn

c}gi 2

fnk C

=

mur

>&>

Omur

KR,D,GD

KR,A,GD

>&5 N/5>

:&22 N/3;

:

;

c{ kgddn}nf{ k

cfk ; zn a

r)rnb' c{ ZL

{an kgddn}

jjnr{r {ac{ c

~n gr mn{{n} {

mw >5,555

nr&

n zg{a 33 O

f ZLCF fi

ogf~{nr, m~

n{{n} }nr~l{r {

R cfk >5,

fk 33 Omur,

cl~n id Lick

i gr oi}n {ac

f ZLCF fi

{i {an 33 O

rbnfc}gi c{ l

f Rbnf

c}gi ;

~{i Crrgjfnk

33

Omur

D KR,DA,GD

35=;555

5&>

c{c

tn

F

nf{

{ 3

cf

fk

ur

nr

{ c{

cf

55

KR

gf

3

nr

ur

nrr





Dgj 38 Lick

[CMLN GG8 R

Dgj =8 Lick

{ 3 Omur gf kgddn

go~lc{gif rbnfc}g

{ = Omur gf kgddn

}nf{ {nbafgs~nr

gi uc}con{n}r

}nf{ {nbafgs~nr

di}

}nrcf

{nb

mnr

zc

}ns

}nr

{nb

Dgj 28 Lick c{

Dgj ;8 Lick c{ 3

[agr ucun} g

kgddn}nf{ kc{

~l{ id {an Li; {an}n gr

afgs~nr& DA {

{ gf 33 Omur

{ {i zi}`

~g}nk lnrr L

~l{r zn zgll

afgs~nr&

&> Omur gf kgddn

3 Omur gf kgddn}

GT& BI

tnr{gjc{nr {a

}c{nr cfk {nb

k gr biouc}ck}cr{gb ba

nbafgs~n gr m

rbnfc}gi {ac

zg{a agja

ck if ZL

iu{ DA {nb

}nf{ [nbafgs~nr

f{ {nbafgs~nr

BL^RGIF

n Lick if {a

afgs~nr& Di}

{gtnlw rcon mfjn gf Lic

n{{n} gf 3 O

KR cfk GD {

cfkzgk{a n

F fiknr {a

fgs~n itn}

n ZLCF fi

rbnfc}gi = cf

~{ gf Rbnfc}gk di} kgddn}

ur rbnfc}gi

bafgs~nr& Gd

tg}ifonf{

f mw imrn}

{an KR cfk

nr

2

3nf{

fk

zn

fk

nk

GD

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuul gbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ :5




]NDN]NFBNR

P3_ Zclgk Afng{g cfk Fcgo Chli~fg, “Un}di}ocfbn Nfacfbnonf{ id

Zg}nlnrr Libcl C}nc Fn{zi}`r‟,U}ibnnkgfjr id GNNN GB[[C‗54, =fkGf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Gfdi}oc{gif Bioo~fgbc{gif[nbafilijgnr8

d}io [ani}w {i Cuulgbc{gifr, Kcocrb~r, Rw}gc, til& =, uu& =;55/ =;5;,

Cu}gl =554&

P=_ L&Mififg, O& Bif{g, cfk N& J}nji}g,“]~f{gon Iu{gogxc{gif id GNNN 15=&33 Zg}nlnrr LCFr Un}di}ocfbn,‟ GNNN [}cfrcb{gifr if

Uc}cllnl Cfk Kgr{}gm~{nk Rwr{nor, til& 3>, uu& 3>7 ‒ 3:=&Hcf~c}w =55;&

P2_ Oiacoock A~rrgcf Clg cfk Ocfcl @ckago Ikca,“Rgo~lc{gifR{~kw 5d 15=&33m KBD ^rgfj IUFN[ Rgo~lc{i}‟, Nfj& $ [nba& Hi~}fcl,

Til& =:,Fi4 , uu& 3351/333:& =557&

P;_ Or& Coc}knnu @c~}3, K}& Rcfkgu Tghcw=, K}&

R&B&J~u{c2 “Un}di}ocfbn Cfclwrgr cfk Nfacfbnonf{ id GNNN15=&33 Zg}nlnrr Libcl C}nc Fn{zi}`r‟ Til& 7 Grr~n >

!Tn}=&5',uu&325&Hcf~c}w =535&

P>_ S& Fg, G& Cck, B& Mc}c`c{, cfk [& [~}ln{{g, “Oiknlgfj cfk

Cfclwrgr id Rliz BZ Knb}ncrn di} GNNN 15=&33 ZLCF‟& 3;{a GNNN

U}ibnnkgfjr if Un}rifcl, Gfkii} cfk Oimgln ]ckgiBioo~fgbc{gifr,GNNN UGO]B =552,til& =, uu& 3:3:/3:=3& Mnghgfj,

Rnu{nomn}=552&

P4_ Nlnfc Liunx/Cj~gln}c, Oc}{gf An~rrn, D}cfb` ]i~rrnc~, Cfk}nxnh K~kc cfk Hi}kg Bcrcknoif{,“ Ntcl~c{gfj

Zg}nlnrr LCF Cbnrr Oi{aikr gf U}nrnfbn id [}cfrogrrgif

N}}i}r‟&GFDIBIO =554&Mc}bnlifc, uu& 3/4, Rucgf,Cu}gl =2/=7, =554&

P:_ ]chcf Tia}c0 ]&R&Rczafnw0 Ocfh~ Rac}oc8 “

Un}di}ocfbn Nfacfbnonf{ id ZLCF mw M~ddn} Rgxn Iu{gogxc{gif ~rgfjIUFN[‟ Fc{gifcl bifdn}nfbn if Cktcfbn Biou~{gfj cfk

Bioo~fgbc{gif [nbafilijw !CBB[/35' i}jcfgxnk mw Tcgra Billnjn id

Nfjgfnn}gfj, ]ia{c`, =>/=4 H~fn,=535 uu ;7>/;77

P1_ ]chcf Tia}c0 ]&R&Rczafnw0 Rag`ac8 “ ZLCF On{}gbnr

nfacfbnonf{ ~rgfj M~ddn} Rgxn Iu{gogxc{gif‟ Gf{n}fc{gifcl Hi~}fcl id

U=U Fn{zi}` [}nfkr cfk [nbafilijw/ Til~on 3 Grr~n = /=533 Ucjn ==/

=> !GRRF8 ==;7/=43>'





U}ib& id {a

il~on 3& Bi

GRMF8 7:1/1

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Cmr{}cb{ / R

fn{zi}`r gr i

zg}nlnrr fn{z

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Tn}{gbcl Acf

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rncolnrr oimg@nwzi}kr / Tn

KTAK,B/KTA

Rnc

cfw rwr{no

mn{{n} SiR k

cfi{an}& G{

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{an rn}tgfj

gfkgbc{gif {

bioo~fgbc{g

Cll ckkg{gif

zg}nlnrr fn{fn{zi}` {i {

}nbngtnk {an

{an fngjami}

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fngjami}gfj

ogfgo~o {

bioo~fgbc{g

fn{zi}` {i {a

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cbbnrr uigf{

biffnb{gtg{w

fi}ocllw {i

n Gf{l& Bifd&

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3/7=5>:>/:/4

CBO "8 kmn}

bcl Acfk

}tgbn bif{gf

fn id {an bacl

}`r& Acfkit

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itn} acr mnn

& Gf {agr ucun

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n lnrr u}ibnr

glg{w itn} an{n}{gbcl Acfkitn

K&

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lnrr acfkit

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gr c on

c{gifr rwr{n

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n gr rnf{ d}i

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l gfdi}oc{gi

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AC

kitn} {an}n c

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izf gf Dgj&

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gf c fn{zi}`

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f Biou~{n}

= [nbafi Di

88 kig8 35& :2

&gon}c&35& :2

itn} Knb

Crrg

g{w gf an{n}

lnfjnr gf {an

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} gr c d~fkc

& G{ gr {an c{

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{i {}cfrdn}

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c oimgln r{

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mgln r{c{gif

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nf{ d}io {anc{gif& ^rgfj

f }nbngtnr }

fn{zi}`& [a

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k anfbn u}it

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F

nf{cl bifbn}

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& Gf {an Acfk

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o kgrbitn}w

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{i ~rn mi{a

di} gf{n}fn

biffnb{gtg{

{an bnll~lc

i}` bitn}cjn {zi kntgbn

rgouln {n}o

n i} anlu {a

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nlw&

gro acr mnn

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{ac{ bcf zi}

cfk ^O[

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gf fn{zi}di~} uacrn

w, Acfkitn

itn} Gfg{gc{gi

gnk mw rio

lg{w n{b& Gf {a

uacrn gr ~rn

g{r fngjami}‗

~{ S~clg{w i

`r& [an {ag}

crn biouc}n

ln ~rn}r SI

n knbgrgif {

i kg}nb{ {atn} nqnb~{gi

c

{

}

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r

n

i

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n

r

d

r

i

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U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuul gbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ :=






GRMF8 7:1/13/7=5>:>/:/4 88 kig8 35& :273;)GRMFY5:41

CBO "8 kmn}&gon}c&35& :273;

Cf Clji}g{ao di} Kwfcogb Rnc}ba gf ^fr{}~b{~}nk Unn}/{i/Unn}

Itn}lcw Fn{zi}`

Cragra R Uir{n

Biou~{n} Nfjgfnn}gfj Knuc}{onf{

UGB[

U~fn, Gfkgc

Cmr{}cb{‛ Unn}/{i Unn} !U=U' biou~{gfj fn{zi}` acr

non}jnk cr c oiknl di} }nri~}bn rac}gfj itn} {an gf{n}fn{&

Knrgjfgfj nddgbgnf{ rnc}ba clji}g{ao gr c `nw bacllnfjn gf

~fr{}~b{~}nk unn} {i unn} fn{zi}` !U=U'&Nddgbgnf{ }nri~}bn

kgrbitn}w gr {an dg}r{ r{nu {izc}kr {an }nclgxc{gif id

~fr{}~b{~}nk U=U fn{zi}`& Gf {agr zi}`, zn u}nrnf{ c kn{cglnk

itn}tgnz id }nbnf{ cfk nqgr{gfj rnc}ba on{aikr di}~fr{}~b{~}nk Unn}/{i/Unn} fn{zi}`r& Oir{ ~fr{}~b{~}nk U=U

fn{zi}`r ~{glgxn dliikgfj mcrnk }nri~}bn kgrbitn}w zagba

crr~onr fi `fizlnkjn cmi~{ {an fn{zi}` {iuilijw, cfk {a~r

bcf lnck {i f~omn} id }nk~fkcf{ onrrcjn jnfn}c{gif& ]cfkio

Zcl` !]Z' rnc}ba jnfn}c{nr c dgqnk coi~f{ id s~n}w onrrcjnr

c{ ncba aiu m~{ zi~lk {c`n lifjn} {gon {i rnc}ba& ]nrnc}ban}r

actn u}nrnf{nk f~omn} id cl{n}fc{gtn rnc}ba clji}g{aor zagba

{c`n cktcf{cjn id {an bif{nq{ ~fkn} zagba Dliikgfj cfk ]Z

un}di}or znll& Zn u}iuirn c rnc}bagfj clji}g{ao, zagba zgll

dg}r{ bifr{}~b{ c ogfgo~o rucffgfj {}nn lg`n itn}lcw fn{zi}`

itn} {an uawrgbcl fn{zi}`& [an rnc}ba clji}g{ao zgll }nrnomln

cr dliikgfj di} rion rocll f~omn} id aiur if {an i}gjgfcl

uawrgbcl fn{zi}`, cd{n} {an gfg{gcl dliikgfj di} bn}{cgf aiur g{

zgll mnactn lg`n c }cfkio zcl` if {an bifr{}~b{nk itn}lcw

fn{zi}` cfk di}zc}k {an s~n}w {i lgog{nk rn{ id fngjami}knunfkgfj if {an `fizlnkjn jcgfnk d}io u}ntgi~r rnc}ba

c{{nou{r&U}imlno ibb~}}gfj k~n {i {an unn}r jn{{gfj

kgrbiffnb{nk gr clri acfklnk nddnb{gtnlw&

@nwzi}kr/biouifnf{0 Unn}/{i/Unn} fn{zi}`, Fn{zi}`

[iuilijw,

Rnc}bagfj [nbafgs~n&

G& GF[]IK^B[GIF

Gf {an ucr{ dnz wnc}r, non}jnfbn id U=U cuulgbc{gifr r~ba

cr Fcur{n}, Jf~{nllc, cfk @cXcC actn raizf {ang} jiik

r~uui}{ di} bif{nf{ lii`~u cfk rac}gfj, ri {ang} uiu~lc}g{w cfk

f~omn} actn j}nc{lw nquliknk& C U=U rwr{no ~r~cllw gftiltnr

{ai~rcfkr i} ogllgifr id fiknr cfk }nri~}bnr gf {an fn{zi}`&

[an U=U rwr{no di}or c d~llw/kgr{}gm~{nk, biiun}c{gtn fn{zi}` knrgjf, zan}n fiknr ki fi{ }ns~g}n cfw r~un}tgrgif& C jiik

rnc}ba rbanon acr {i c}}gtn c{ {zi jiclr8 !3' agja rnc}ba

un}di}ocfbn, zagba {}gnr {i knlgtn} agja s~clg{w rn}tgbn !n&j&,

lc}jn f~omn} id rnc}ba }nr~l{r cfk liz s~n}w }nruifrn {gon' {i

~rn}r, cfk !=' liz bir{, zagba }nrn}tnr rwr{no }nri~}bnr {i

r~r{cgf c lc}jn f~omn} id ~rn}r& Nc}lw rwr{nor, r~ba cr Fcur{n},

~rn c bnf{}cl rn}tn} {i r{i}n gfkgbnr id uc}{gbguc{gfj unn}r& [agr

bnf{}clgxnk knrgjf cfk u}cb{gbn jgtn }grn {i {an bifbn}fr id

un}di}ocfbn mi{{lnfnb` cfk rgfjln uigf{ id dcgl~}n& Gfr{nck id

ocgf{cgfgfj c a~jn gfknq gf c bnf{}clgxnk rwr{no, c

knbnf{}clgxnk rwr{no r~ba cr Jf~{nllc kgr{}gm~{nr cll rnc}bagfj

cfk libc{gfj lickr cb}irr cll {an uc}{gbguc{gfj unn}r& [ai~ja {an

knbnf{}clgxnk cuu}icba ckk}nrrnr {an itn}lickgfj cfk

}nlgcmglg{w grr~nr, cfk gr u}iogrgfj {i m~glk c agjalw rbclcmlnU=U rwr{no, g{r r~bbnrr gr anctglw knunfknf{ if cf nddgbgnf{

rnc}bagfj r{}c{njw nouliwnk {i libc{n {an }ns~g}nk }nri~}bn&

]ncbagfj i~{ {i c lc}jn rbiun id unn}r gr c d~fkconf{cl

u}ibnk~}n gf cf ~fr{}~b{~}nk U=U fn{zi}`, mnbc~rn {an}n c}n fi

bif{}ilr cfk fi cbb~}c{n gfdi}oc{gif if fn{zi}` {iuilijgnr

cfk libc{gifr id knrg}nk dglnr& [a~r, {an rwr{no rbclcmglg{w gr

kg}nb{lw cddnb{nk mw {an nddgbgnfbw id {an m}ickbcr{gfj

onbacfgro&

Rnc}ba clji}g{aor gf ~fr{}~b{~}nk U=U fn{zi}`r bcf mn

blcrrgdgnk gf{i {zi bc{nji}gnr8 m}nc{a dg}r{ rnc}ba !MDR' on{aik,

cfk knu{a dg}r{ rnc}ba !KDR' on{aik& [anrn {zi {wunr id rnc}ba

clji}g{aor {nfk {i mn gfnddgbgnf{, cr {anw actn {an kgrcktcf{cjn

id jnfn}c{gfj {ii o~ba lick if {an rwr{no P3_, P=_, i} fi{

onn{gfj ~rn}r‗ }ns~g}nonf{r id ogfgo~o rnc}ba {gon cfkun}di}ocfbn P2_&Dliikgfj, zagba mnlifjr {i MDR/mcrnk

on{aikr, gr {an kndc~l{ rnc}ba clji}g{ao di} Jf~{nllc fn{zi}`

P;_, P>_&Gf c mlgfk rnc}ba, fiknr ki fi{ r{i}n cfw gfdi}oc{gif

}njc}kgfj dgln libc{gifr& Gf gfdi}onk cuu}icbanr, fiknr libcllw

r{i}n on{ckc{c {ac{ crrgr{ gf {an rnc}ba di} {an s~n}gnk imhnb{r&

[an rai}{biogfj id oir{ gfdi}onk on{aikr gr {an ocgf{nfcfbn

bir{ id {an gfkgbnr cd{n} unn}r higf)lnctn {an fn{zi}` i} ~ukc{n

{ang} billnb{gifr& Gf oir{ bcrnr, {anrn ntnf{r lnck {i jnfn}c{gif

id ~ukc{n onrrcjnr }nr~l{gfj gf fn{zi}` {}cddgb& B~}}nf{ U=U

rnc}ba clji}g{aor bcf mn }i~jalw kgtgknk gf {zi bc{nji}gnr8

[an ifnr {ac{ nqagmg{ jiik un}di}ocfbn c{ agja bir{ !ng{an}

k~}gfj {an rnc}ba i} {an on{ckc{c ~ukc{nr', cfk {airn {ac{ c}n

mcfkzgk{a nddgbgnf{ m~{ nqagmg{ tc}wgfj un}di}ocfbn& [an

goui}{cf{ imrn}tc{gif gr {ac{ uiu~lc} U=U fn{zi}`r kgrulcw cagjalw kwfcogb mnactgi}, zg{a oir{ ~rn}r biffnb{gfj di} rocll

un}gikr id {gon cfk {anf lnctgfj {an rwr{no&

GG& ]NLC[NK ZI]@

[i ckk}nrr {an rnc}bagfj u}imlno gf ~fr{}~b{~}nk U=U

fn{zi}` ocfw }nrnc}ban} cfk u}cb{g{gifn} actn u}iuirnk c li{

id on{aikr& [ikcw, {an oir{ uiu~lc} U=U cuulgbc{gifr iun}c{n

if ~fr{}~b{~}nk fn{zi}`r& Gf {anrn fn{zi}`r, unn}r

higfgfj)lnctgfj c fn{zi}` gr kwfcogb, {an libc{gif id {an

kib~onf{r gr fi{ bif{}illnk mw {an rwr{no cfk fi j~c}cf{nnr

di} {an r~bbnrr i} {an bioulnqg{w id c rnc}ba c}n iddn}nk&





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F!~' gr {an 3 aiu fngjami} rn{ id fikn ~& G{ gr kndgfnk

cr8

F!~' ?pt ) !~, t'N &

N/6rn{ id nkjnr gf j}cua&

f/6f~omn} id fiknr)unn}r&


Clji}g{ao8


3& Ncba fikn ~ billnb{r g{r 3 aiu F!~' fngjami}

gfdi}oc{gif&=& Ncba fikn ~ biou~{n {an OR[!F!~'' id cll fiknr

F!~' gfbl~kgfj ~ g{rnld&

2& Di} ncba nkjn !~,t' OR[!F!~'' , fikn ~ {nllr

fikn t cmi~{ {agr nkjn rnlnb{nk di} OR[&

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!~,t' OR[!F!~'' i} !~,t' OR[!F!t'' &

>&

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d}io zagba {an onrrcjn c}}gtnk, m~{ dliikgfj zi~lk u}ik~bn

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cktn}rnlw &]nrnc}ban} actn oikgdgnk {an dliikgfj on{aik {i

cbagntn {an cktcf{cjnr id dliikgfj zagln }nk~bgfj {an

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bifrgkn}c{gif {i }nk~bn {an dliikgfj ai}gxif zagln ocgf{cgfgfj

rnc}ba s~clg{w& Rnc}banr c}n

gfg{gc{nk zg{a gfb}ncrgfj [[Lr ~f{gl nfi~ja }nruifrnr c}n

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cfk b}nc{nr

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unn}r&

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rnc}ba on{aikr knunfkgfj if {an `fizlnkjn lnc}fnk c}n8

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P3=_,]i~{gfj gfknqP32_,Libcl gfkgbnrP3;_,Gf{nllgjnf{ rnc}baP3>_

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zgll mn mnfndgbgcl di} }nk~bgfj {an }nk~fkcf{ onrrcjnr k~n {i

{an liiur gf {an fn{zi}` P3:_, P31_, P37_&

I~} rbanon zgll bifr{}~b{ cf libc{gif czc}n ogfgo~o

rucffgfj {}nn lg`n itn}lcw fn{zi}` cfk {anf cuulw {an rnc}bagfj

clji}g{ao if {agr itn}lcw fn{zi}`& [}nn lg`n r{}~b{~}n gr b}nc{nk

mw blcrrgdwgfj {an fngjami} id ntn}w unn} gf{i c rn{ id

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GGG& U]IUIRNK RNC]BAGFJ CLJI]G[AO

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rnc}ba clji}g{ao& Rnb{gif C u}nrnf{r {an iun}c{gifr id

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rnb{gif B u}nrnf{ {an iun}c{gif if unn} jn{{gfj kgrbiffnb{nk&

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Fn{zi}`

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{an

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zgll mn di}zc}knk zg{agf {an OR[ gfr{nck id di}zc}kgfj {an

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c rn{ id DLIIKGFJ cfk FIFDLIIKGFJ fngjami} gr

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jnfn}cl clji}g{ao g&n& U]GO i} @]^R@CL&

Bifrgkn} c }cfkio j}cua J!T,N' zg{a f fiknr cfk n nkjnr,

{ac{ acr ctn}cjn knj}nn k zan}n T gr rn{ id fiknr, N gr rn{ id

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuul gbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ :;




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U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuul gbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ :>




Ln{ R mn {an rwr{no }nu}nrnf{r Unn}/{i/Unn} fn{zi}`&g gR?pJ, C, D, r,ra, F!~',DL ,FDL

Ln{ J!T,N' mn {an j}cua }nu}nrnf{gfj {an fn{zi}`

{iuilijw&

3, =, 2&&&&& oln{ N?p zan}n o?f~omn} id nkjnr gf {an fn{n n n n

3 =, , 2&&&&& fln{ T?p zan}n f?f~omn} id tn{nq)unn}r gf {ant t t t

3 = }Ln{ D?pd ,d ,․d zan}n }?f~omn} id }nri~}bnr&

Ln{ C mn {an ckhcbnfbw oc{}gq }nu}nrnf{c{gif id {an

fn{zi}`)j}cua&

Cgh?zngja{ gd!g,h' N

? 5 i{an}zgrn&

Zan}n ‑zngja{‗ gr {an fn{zi}` knlcw mn{znnf cfw {ziunn}r g cfk h&

F!~' gr {an 3 aiu fngjami} rn{ id fikn ~& G{ gr kndgfnk cr8

F!~'?pt ) !~,t' N

Rn{ id fngjami} id tn}{nq ‑~‗ zg{agf 3 aiur&

Di} ncba tn}{nq ‑g‗ cfk fngjami} zg{agf kgr{cfbn id 3

aiur bifr{}~b{ OR[&

3 gh gD !g,C ' OR[![ '&

Zan}n [g gr {}nn }ii{nk c{ tn}{nq ‑g‗&

3D~fb{gif D {c`nr {an gfu~{ cr tn}{nq g cfk ckhcfbnw oc{}gq

}ii{nk c{ tn}{nq *g*&

g ? 3 =&&&&& d DL pt t t &gDL gr rn{ id dliikgfj tn}{nq g&n& {i zagba tn}{nq *g* gr

biffnb{nk

g 3 = fd FDL ? pT ,T &&&&T &

gFDL gr rn{ id fif dliikgfj tn}{nq g&n& {i zagba tn}{nq *g* gr

fi{ kg}nb{lw biffnb{nk

3 = fOR[!J'?OR[![ 'ÔR[![ '&&&&&&&&&ÔR[![ '

Ln{ r?unn} s~n}wgfj di} rion }nri~}bn gf U=U fn{zi}`

d? s~n}gnk }nri~}bn&

O?s~n}w onrrcjn&

2D !r,d,O' Di}zc}kr {an onrrcjn {i g{r fngjami}& ;D !r,d,O' Di}zc}kr {an onrrcjn {i rion id g{r fngjami

itn} OR[&

D~fb{gif ;D di}zc}kr {an s~n}w onrrcjn {i ifn id g{r

fngjami} knunfkgfj if {an u}imcmglg{w {cmln {ac{ g{ zgll

}n{~}f c ag{)r~bbnrr&

a?f~omn} id aiur&

ra?Rnlnb{nk Aiu bi~f{&

2 !Kwfcogbrnc}ba?D R,D,o' gd a<?ra

? ;! , , 'D R D o gd a6ra

GT& OC[ANOC[GBCL OIKN DI] [AN RWR[NO T& BIFBL^RGIF

Gf {agr ucun}, zn actn u}iuirnk {an }nbifr{}~b{gif id

itn}lcw {iuilijw k~}gfj {an ntnf{ id unn} jn{{gfj kgrbiffnb{nk

d}io {an U=U fn{zi}`& [iuilijw bifr{}~b{gif clji}g{aou}nrnf{nk ~rnr iflw {an libcl gfdi}oc{gif ctcglcmln anfbn

gou}itgfj {an un}di}ocfbn& [an rnc}ba clji}g{ao gr c

biomgfc{gif id Dliikgfj cfk ]cfkio Zcl` r{}c{njw cfk ~rnr

{an bif{nq{ ~fkn} zagba {anw un}di}o znll& Rnlnb{gfj {an

{a}nrailk tcl~n di} dliikgfj fn{zi}` zgll j}nc{lw goucb{ {an

un}di}ocfbn id {an rwr{no& [an rnc}ba clji}g{ao gr d~}{an}

biomgfnk zg{a {an `fizlnkjn lnc}fnk d}io {an u}ntgi~r rnc}ba

c{{nou{r {a~r gou}itgfj {an u}imcmglg{w id s~n}w }n{~}fgfj c ag{

mw kg}nb{gfj {an s~n}w gf }gja{ kg}nb{gif& [an u}imlno id fikn

jn{{gfj kgrbiffnb{nk cfk oc`gfj cll kizfr{}nco fiknr

~fctcglcmln gf OR[ gr clri ckk}nrrnk gf {an rbanon&

]NDN]NFBNR

P3_ @& R}gucfgk`~lbacg, {an Uiu~lc}g{w id Jf~{nllc S~n}gnr cfk G{rGoulgbc{gifr if Rbclcmglg{w, zag{n ucun}, Bc}fnjgn Onllif ^fgt&Dnm&

=553&P=_ O& Hitcfitgb, D& Cffnqr{ngf, cfk @& Mn}ocf, “Rbclcmglg{w Grr~nr gf

Lc}jn Unn}/{i/Unn} Fn{zi}`r8 C Bcrn R{~kw id Jf~{nllc,‟ {nbafgbcl

}nui}{, Lcmi}c{i}w di} Fn{zi}`r cfk Cuulgnk J}cua [ani}w, ^fgt& id Bgfbgffc{g, =553&

P2_ M& Wcfj cfk A& Jc}bgc/Oilgfc, “Gou}itgfj Rnc}ba gf Unn}/{i/Unn}

Fn{zi}`r,‟ U}ib& ==fk Gf{‗l Bifd Kgr{}gm~{nk Biou~{gfj Rwr{nor

!GBKBR ‗5=', uu& >3;, H~lw =55=&

P;_ J& @cf, “Jf~{nllc,‟ Unn}/{i/Unn} Ac}fnrrgfj {an Uizn} id Kgr}~u{gtn [nbafilijgnr, I‗]ngllw, uu& 7;3==, =553&

P>_ ]DB/Jf~{nllc 5&4, a{{u8))}db/jf~{nllc&ri~}bndi}jn&fn{)kntnliun})

{nr{gfj)gfknq&a{ol, =551&

P4_ T& @clijn}c`g, K& J~fiu~lir, cfk K& Xngfclgui~}Wcx{g, “C Libcl

Rnc}ba Onbacfgro di} Unn}/{i/Unn} Fn{zi}`r,‟ U}ib&CBO BG@OGf{‗l Bifd& Gfdi}oc{gif cfk @fizlnkjn Ocfcjnonf{ !BG@O ‗5=',

uu& 25525:,Fit& =55=&

P:_ M& Wcfj cfk A& Jc}bgc/Oilgfc, “Gou}itgfj Rnc}ba gf Unn}/{i/Unn}

Fn{zi}`r,‟ U}ib& ==fk Gf{‗l Bifd&Kgr{}gm~{nk Biou~{gfj Rwr{nor!GBKBR ‗5=', uu& >3;,H~lw =55=&

P1_ X& Xa~cfj, W& Lg~, L& Qgci, cfk L&O& Fg, “Awm}gk Un}gikgbcl

Dliikgfj gf ^fr{}~b{~}nk Unn}/{i/Unn} Fn{zi}`r,‟ U}ib& 2=fk Gf{‗l

Bifd& Uc}cllnl U}ibnrrgfj !GBUU ‗52', uu& 3:3/3:1, Ib{& =552&

P7_ T& @clijn}c`g, K& J~fiu~lir, cfk K& Xngfclgui~}Wcx{g, “C LibclRnc}ba Onbacfgro di} Unn}/{i/Unn} Fn{zi}`r,‟ U}ib&CBO BG@O

Gf{‗l Bifd& Gfdi}oc{gif cfk @fizlnkjn Ocfcjnonf{ !BG@O ‗5=',

uu& 25525:,Fit& =55=&

P35_ K& [ri~ocìr cfk F& ]i~rriui~lir, “Ckcu{gtn U}imcmglgr{gb Rnc}badi} Unn}/{i/Unn} Fn{zi}`r,‟U}ib& [ag}k Gf{‗l Bifd& Unn}/{i/Unn}

Biou~{gfj !U=U‗52', uu& 35=/357, Rnu{& =552&P33_ K& [ri~ocìr cfk F& ]i~rriui~lir, “Cfclwrgr cfk Biouc}grif id

U=U Rnc}ba On{aikr,‟ [nbafgbcl ]nui}{ BR/[]/;>27, ÔGCBR[]/

=552/35:, Knu{&id Biou~{n} Rbgnfbn, fgt& id Oc}wlcfk, =552&P3=_ W& Baczc{an, R& ]c{fcrcow, L& M}nrlc~, F& Lcfaco, cfk R& Ranf`n},

“Oc`gfj Jf~{nllc/Lg`n U=U Rwr{nor Rbclcmln,‟ U}ib&CBO

RGJBIOO ‗52, uu& ;5:/;31, C~j& =552&

P32_ C& B}nrui cfk A& Jc}bgc/Oilgfc, “]i~{gfj Gfkgbnr di} Unn}/{i/Unn}

Rwr{nor,‟ U}ib& ==fk Gf{‗l Bifd&Kgr{}gm~{nk Biou~{gfj Rwr{nor!GBKBR ‗5=', uu&=2/2=, H~lw =55=&

P3;_ M& Wcfj cfk A& Jc}bgc/Oilgfc, “Gou}itgfj Rnc}ba gf Unn}/{i/Unn}

Fn{zi}`r,‟ U}ib& ==fk Gf{‗l Bifd& Kgr{}gm~{nk Biou~{gfj Rwr{nor

!GBKBR ‗5=', uu& >3;,H~lw =55=

P3>_ T& @clijn}c`g, K& J~fiu~lir, cfk K& Xngfclgui~}Wcx{g, “C LibclRnc}ba Onbacfgro di} Unn}/{i/Unn} Fn{zi}`r,‟ U}ib& 33{a Gf{‗l Bifd&





P34_ Gfdi}oc{gif cfk @fizlnkjn Ocfcjnonf{ !BG@O ‗5=', uu& 255/25:,Fit& =55=&

P3:_ K&O ]crcfhclnn Agoclg cfk R~ragl @& U}crck, ‟RU^F8 C U=U

U}imcmglgr{gb Rnc}ba Clji}g{ao mcrnk if R~bbnrrd~l Uc{ar gf

^fr{}~b{~}nk Fn{zi}`r&‟ =533 GNNN Gf{n}fc{gifcl Uc}cllnl $Kgr{}gm~{nk U}ibnrrgfj Rwouirg~o, KIG 35&3357)GUKUR&=533&234&

P31_ W~faci Lg~, Onomn}, GNNN, Lg Qgci, Onomn}, GNNN, Qgciong Lg~,

“Libc{gif czc}nfnrr gf ~fr{}~b{~}nk unn}/{i/unn} rwr{nor,‟ GNNN

[}cfrcb{gifr if Uc}cllnl cfk Kgr{}gm~{nk Rwr{nor, TIL& 34, FI& =,

uu&342 ‒ 3:;, Dnm}~c}w =55>&

P37_ Sg~wcf A~i, Hgfjw~ Banf, Q~nxai~ Q~, Wcba~cf Xai~, Qgf Lg~ “CLibc{gif/czc}n Nddgbgnf{ Bif{nf{mcrnk Rnc}bagfj itn} ^fr{}~b{~}nk

U=U Fn{zi}`,‟ GNNN Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Fn{zi}` Biou~{gfj

cfk Gfdi}oc{gif Rnb~}g{w,uu&312 / 31:, Ocw =533&

P=5_ R& Hgcfj, L& J~i, Q& Xacfj, cfk A& Zcfj, “Lgja{Dliik8 Ogfgogxgfj]nk~fkcf{ Onrrcjnr cfk Ocqgogxgfj Rbiun id Unn}/{i/Unn} &

Rnc}ba,‟ GNNN [}cfr& Uc}cllnl cfk Kgr{}gm~{nk Rwr{nor, til& 37,fi& >,

uu& 453/43;, Ocw =551

P=3_ @cXcC Aionucjn, a{{u8))zzz&`cxcc&bio &

P==_ M& Wcfj, A& Jc}bgc/Oilgfc, “Knrgjfgfj c R~un}/unn} Fn{zi}`‟,U}ibnnkgfjr id {an 37{a Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Kc{c Nfjgfnn}gfj

,Oc}ba =552

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuul gbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ ::






GRMF8 7:1/13/7=5>:>/:/4 88 kig8 35& :27=3)GRMFY5:41

CBO "8 kmn}&gon}c&35& :27=3

Oimgln Kgrcr{n} Ocfcjnonf{ Rwr{no ^rgfj Cfk}igk

[nbafilijw

Ogrr& Knnu{g M& Ranlc} Lnb{~}n} gf Raca cfk Cfbai}

@~{baag Nfjj Billnjn

O~omcg / 11, Gfkgc

Cmr{}cb{‛ Gf {ikcwr rbnfc}gi ~rn id roc}{uaifnr grjcgfgfj gf{n}nr{ gf uniuln, {an kgrcr{n} ocfcjnonf{ rwr{no zcrgoulnonf{nk cr c roc}{ uaifn cuulgbc{gif ~rgfj Jiijln‗rCfk}igk iun}c{gfj rwr{no& [an kgrcr{n} ocfcjnonf{ rwr{noCfk}igk cuulgbc{gif kn{n}ogfnr {an iu{go~o }i~{n clifjkgddn}nf{ jnij}cuagbcl libc{gifr {ac{ {an til~f{nn}r cfk

}nrb~n}r fnnk {i {c`n gf i}kn} {i rn}tn {an oir{ f~omn} id uniuln cfk u}itgkn ocqgo~o bitn}cjn id {an c}nc gf {anrai}{nr{ uirrgmln {gon& Jnfn{gb clji}g{ao zcr cuulgnk di}iu{gogxc{gif cfk kgddn}nf{ uc}con{n}r zn}n tc}gnk {i kn{n}ogfn{an oir{ iu{go~o }i~{n&

@nwzi}kr‛Cfk}igk, Kgrcr{n} ocfcjnonf{, Jnfn{gb

clji}g{ao, [}ctnllgfj rclnrocf u}imlno, Roc}{ uaifnCuulgbc{gif, Zg}nlnrr oimgln {nbafilijw

G& GF[]IK^B[GIF

Ocfw bi~f{}gnr cfk {n}}g{i}gnr c}n c{ }gr` id fc{~}cl

acxc}kr k~n {i nc}{as~c`nr, dliikr, {}iugbcl bwblifnr, cfk

lcfkrlgknr& K~n {i {agr oi}{clg{w }c{n gfknq !O]G' gr

gfb}ncrgfj& G{ acr blcgonk {an lgtnr id {ai~rcfkr id uniuln cfk kcocjnk mgllgifr zi}{a id u}iun}{w& [ai~ja

zn bcffi{ r{iu {anrn fc{~}cl kgrcr{n}r m~{ zn bcf

kndgfg{nlw dgfk ril~{gif {i itn}bion g{ dcr{n}& Ntnf zg{a

{an }nb~}}nf{ bclcog{gnr, {an}n gr r{gll {an cmrnfbn id cf

nddgbgnf{ kgrcr{n} ocfcjnonf{ rwr{no {ac{ zgll anlu {an

uniuln gf {gonr id bclcog{gnr&

GG& KGRCR[N] OCFCJNONF[

[an u}ibnrr id kgrcr{n} ocfcjnonf{ gftiltnr di~}

uacrnr8 og{gjc{gif, u}nuc}nkfnrr, }nruifrn, cfk }nbitn}w&

c{{nou{ {i }nk~bn kgrcr{n} }gr`r gr bcllnk cr

og{gjc{gif& kntnliuonf{ id cf cb{gif ulcf di} cf

~ubiogfj kgrcr{n} bionr ~fkn} u}nuc}nkfnrr& [an}nruifrn uacrn bifrgr{ id {an oimglgxc{gif id rn}tgbnr

cfk }nlgnd zanf kgrcr{n} r{}g`nr cfk {an }nbitn}w uacrn gr

{an }nr{i}c{gif id {an cddnb{nk c}nc {i g{r u}ntgi~r r{c{n&

C&^RN ID ROC][ UAIFNR8

C roc}{uaifn gr c agja/nfk oimgln uaifn {ac{

biomgfnr {an d~fb{gifr id c un}rifcl kgjg{cl crrgr{cf{

!UKC' cfk c oimgln uaifn& [ikcw*r oiknlr {wugbcllw clri

rn}tn cr ui}{cmln onkgc ulcwn}r cfk bcon}c uaifnr zg{a

agja/}nril~{gif {i~ba rb}nnfr, znm m}izrn}r {ac{ bcf

cbbnrr, cfk u}iun}lw kgrulcw, r{cfkc}k znm ucjnr }c{an}

{acf h~r{ oimgln/iu{gogxnk rg{nr, JUR fctgjc{gif, Zg/Dgcfk oimgln m}ickmcfk cbbnrr& [an {n}o roc}{uaifn gr

~r~cllw ~rnk {i knrb}gmn uaifnr zg{a oi}n cktcfbnk

biou~{gfj cmglg{w cfk biffnb{gtg{w {acf c bif{noui}c}w

dnc{~}n uaifn, cl{ai~ja {an kgr{gfb{gif bcf mn tcj~n cfk

{an}n gr fi iddgbgcl kndgfg{gif di} zac{ bifr{g{~{nr {an

kgddn}nfbn mn{znnf {ano& [an kndgfg{gifr clri ragd{ itn}

{gon rgfbn ocfw uaifnr {ac{ c}n bifrgkn}nk dnc{~}n uaifnr

{ikcw bcf actn bcucmglg{gnr {ac{ nqbnnk {airn id uaifnr {ac{

ack mnnf u}ioi{nk cr roc}{uaifnr gf {an ucr{&

M&CFK]IGK OIMGLN KNTNLIUONF[ NFTG]IFONF[8

Cfk}igk gr c rid{zc}n ulc{di}o cfk iun}c{gfj rwr{no di}

oimgln kntgbnr Mcrnk if {an Lgf~q `n}fnl& G{ gr kntnliunkmw Jiijln cfk lc{n} {an Iunf Acfkrn{ Cllgcfbn !IAC'&

Cllizr z}g{gfj ocfcjnk bikn gf {an Hctc lcfj~cjn&

Cfk}igk gr fi{ c rgfjln ugnbn id ac}kzc}n0 g{*r c biouln{n,

nfk/{i/nfk rid{zc}n ulc{di}o {ac{ bcf mn ckcu{nk {i zi}`

if cfw f~omn} id ac}kzc}n bifdgj~}c{gifr& Ntn}w{agfj gr

{an}n, d}io {an mii{ lickn} cll {an zcw ~u {i {an

cuulgbc{gifr& Cfk}igk ~rnr Lgf~q di} g{r kntgbn k}gtn}r,

onoi}w ocfcjnonf{, u}ibnrr ocfcjnonf{, cfk

fn{zi}`gfj& G{ r~uui}{r zg}nlnrr bioo~fgbc{gifr ~rgfj8

JRO oimgln/uaifn {nbafilijw, 2J , 15=&33 Zg/Dg

fn{zi}`r&

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cuulgbc{gif !cfk uc}{r id {an rwr{no' }~fr gf g{r izf

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crrgjfnk {i cuulgbc{gifr& Ckkg{gifcl dgfn}/j}cgfnk





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k&[an ZgOCQ UiR rnfkr cf gfdi}oc{gif }ns~nr{ !OGA/

Jn{/Gfdi}oc{gif&]NS' onrrcjn& OGGR rntn} }nbngtnr {an

}ns~nr{ cfk {anf rnfkr mcb` c runbgcl onrrcjn mcrnk if

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bac}cb{n}gr{gb& [an oimgln ~fg{ fiz zgll iflw rbcf di} {agr

runbgdgb fn{zi}` }c{an} {acf rbcffgfj di} c lgr{ id ctcglcmln

fn{zi}`r& OGGR zgll baiirn {agr fn{zi}` mcrnk if o~l{guln

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zg{agf {an xifn, bcucmglg{w {i ocgf{cgf cb{gtn rnrrgifr, cfk

{an {wunr id rn}tgbnr iddn}nk&

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UiR&

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{an }nckgfnrr id {an zg}nlnrr kntgbn {i nqnb~{n acfkitn}&

A& [an ZgOCQ UiR bioo~fgbc{nr zg{a JU]R UiR cfk

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fi{ fnnknk cfwoi}n ri g{ bcf mn }nlncrnk cfk cf GU

biffnb{gif gr fiz nr{cmlgrank itn} {an JU]R fn{zi}` zagba acr {i mn }nui}{nk mcb` {i {an ZgOCQ UiR

!OGAYFn{YAIYBioog{&]RU' {anf {i {an JU]R UiR

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G& Fiz, {an ZgOCQ acr {i }nruifk

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{a}i~ja JU]R Fn{zi}`&

T& TN][GBCL ACFKITN]R DI] ]NCL/[GON TGKNI []CDDGB

MN[ZNNF Ô[R CFK ZGOCQ FN[ZI]@R

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fn{zi}`r bcf bioulnonf{ ncba i{an} gf {n}o id

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mw oimgln {n}ogfclr, ntnf{r }nlc{nk {i acfkitn}r bcf mni}gjgfc{nk c{ {an OCB !Onkg~o Cbbnrr Bif{}il' i} OGAD

!Onkgc Gfknunfknf{ Acfkitn} D~fb{gif' lcwn} libc{nk gf

{an fikn i} c{ {an uigf{ id c{{cbaonf{ {i {an fn{zi}`&

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kn{nb{nk ~uif }nbnu{gif id KLYOCU onrrcjn d}io MR&

OCB lcwn} goulnonf{ rwfba}ifgxc{gif onrrcjnr

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rwfba}ifgxc{gif cfk ^LYOCU cfk ^BK onrrcjnr di}

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2 gfg{gcl }cfjgfj cfk }njgr{}c{gif ibb~}r gf {an lcwn} =

tn}{gbcl acfkitn} u}ibnrr&





g

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f)zaw/ror/onrrRi~}bn8 “a{{u8)){n

nf ri~}bn rid{zcacfj Li, H~kgk U}i{ibil Di}

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Id U}n{i}gc, Ri~{

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chg{)rnogfc})fiknw, Miomcw_, ^rgfj Cf Cujgfj Rn}tgbn !R{nb{~}nr !GBRC'a Cd}gbc =55>&

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GRMF8 7:1/13/7=5>:>/:/4 88 kig8 35& :27>4)GRMFY5:41

CBO "8 kmn}&gon}c&35& :27>4

Nddnb{ id {iuilijw if }i~{gfj un}di}ocfbn gf uc}{gcllw oimgln ck aib fn{zi}`r

Fgfj}gflc Oc}bacfj ,Fgmnkg{c Ragcl

Knuc}{onf{ id Biou~{n} Rbgnfbn cfk Nfjgfnn}gfj Fi}{a Ncr{n}f ]njgifcl Gfr{g{~{n

id Rbgnfbn cfk [nbafilijw Fg}h~lg, G{cfcjc} / :73357, C}~fcbacl U}cknra, GFKGC&

fgfj}gflcEwcaii&bi&gf, fgmnkg{c:14>Ejocgl&bio

C oimgln ck aib fn{zi}` !OCFN[' gr c fn{/ zi}` id oimgln

fiknr zagba bioo~fgbc{n zg{a ncba i{an} zg{ai~{ {an anlu

id cfw dgqnk gf/ d}cr{}~b{~}n& Lgf`r

mn{znnf fiknr c}n b}nc{nk cfk m}i`nf cr {an fiknr oitn

zg{agf {an fn{/ zi}`& [a~r oimglg{w

id {an fiknr cktn}rnlw cddnb{ }i~{gfj un}di}ocfbn

uc}con{n}r r~ba cr {a}i~jau~{ cfk nfk/{i/nfk knlcw& G{ grknrg}/ cmln {i gou}itn {an un}di}ocfbn cfk tc}gi~r cu/

u}icbanr u}iuirnk {izc}k {agr jicl gfbl~kn oik/ gdwgfj {an

}i~{gfj u}i{ibil i} }ngfdi}bgfj {an fn{/ zi}` zg{a uizn}d~l

mcb`mifn fiknr& Zg{ai~{ }n/ lwgfj if r~ba nlcmi}c{n

cuu}icbanr, zagba c}n {gon/bifr~ogfj cfk bir{lw, g{ ocw mn

}ns~g}nk {i gou}itn }i~{gfj un}di}ocfbn& [an bacllnfjn gr {i

gou}itn if }i~{gfj un}di}ocfbn oc`gfj ~rn id iflw {an

nqgr{gfj dcbglg{gnr gf c OCFN[& Zn u}i/ uirn {ac{ ifn zcw id

cbagntgfj {agr jicl gr {iuil/ ijw knrgjf& Gf {agr ucun}, zn

gftnr{gjc{n {an nddnb{ id {iuilijw if }i~{gfj un}di}ocfbn gf c

uc}{gcllw oimgln ck kaib fn{zi}`& Gf i{an} zi}kr, mw `nnu/ gfj

rion fiknr r{c{gifc}w gf rion dcragif, zn nq/ cogfn {an nddnb{ id

{an {iuilijw id {anrn fiknr if {an un}di}ocfbn& Zn actn

u}nrnf{nk i~} rgo~lc/ {gif }nr~l{r di} {an rcon&

@nwzi}kr8 Oimgln ck aib fn{zi}` !OCFN['0

[iuilijw0 ]i~{gfj un}di}ocfbn&

G GF[]IK^B[GIF

C oimgln ck aib fn{zi}` gr c fn{zi}` id zg}n/ lnrr

oimgln kntgbnr, zagba bcf mn rn{ ~u if {an dlw& [anfn{zi}` gr b}nc{nk, ocfcjnk cfk i}jc/ fgxnk u~}nlw mw {an

fiknr {anornltnr zg{ai~{ {an crrgr{cfbn id cfw bnf{}clgxnk

{ag}k uc}{w i} dgqnk gfd}cr{}~b{~}n& C fikn bcf mn c

lcu{iu, c UKC, c oimgln uaifn, i} cfw oimgln kntgbn

zg{a {an cmglg{w {i bioo~fgbc{n zg{a i{an} kntgbnr& Gf c

OCFN[, c fikn mnactnr cr c air{ cr znll cr c }i~{n}&

Rgfbn {an}n gr fi }ns~g}nonf{ id c dgqnk gfd}cr{}~b{~}n, c

OCFN[ bcf mn rn{ ~u c{ cfw ulcbn cfk c{ cfw {gon cr

fnnknk& Di} gfr{cfbn, OCFN[r bcf mn rn{ ~u gf

non}jnfbw rg{~c{gifr !n&j&, }nrb~n ogrrgif', c{ ulcbnr

zan}n zg}nk fn{/ zi}`r bcffi{ mn ~rnk !n&j&, i~{kii}

bifdn}nfbnr', i} c{ ulcbnr zan}n {an bir{ id rn{{gfj ~u zg}nk

fn{/ zi}`r gr u}iagmg{gtn !n&j&, c }noi{n agllw }nri}{'&C OCFN[ gr cf c{{}cb{gtn ril~{gif di} {an bio/

o~fgbc{gif fnnkr id c bioo~fg{w i} c}nc zan}n {an}n fi

dgqnk gfd}cr{}~b{~}nr& Cf nqcouln id r~ba c bioo~fg{w

zi~lk mn c }~}cl tgllcjn zg{ai~{ cfw oncfr id nlnb{}ifgb

bioo~fgbc{gif zg{agf {an tgllcjn& Aizntn}, di} c

OCFN[ {i r~uui}{ tigbn bioo~fgbc{gif, un}di}ocfbn

uc}con{n}r r~ba cr





nfk/{i/nfk knlcw cfk hg{{n} rai~lk mn zg{agf cb/ bnu{cmln

lgog{r& G{ gr rnnf {ac{ knlcwr mnwifk cmi~{

=25 ogllgrnbifkr gf c tigbn bcll bc~rnr {an a~ocf nc} {i

kn{nb{ baiuugfnrr gf {an bcll&

G{ zi~lk mn gf{n}nr{gfj {i kn{n}ogfn zan{an} }i~{gfj

un}di}ocfbn bcf mn gou}itnk mw oc`gfj {an fn{zi}`

uc}{gcllw oimgln mw `nnugfj rion id {an fiknr r{c{gifc}w&

Gd g{ bi~lk mn kifn ri, zn actn di~fk c rgouln cfk bir{/nddnb{gtn ril~{gif& [an}ndi}n, ifn zi~lk fi{ fnnk {i }nlw

if i{an} nlcmi}c{n cuu}icbanr r~ba cr gftnr{gfj if oi}n

uizn}d~l fiknr cr mcb`mifn fiknr i} oikgdwgfj {an

}i~{gfj u}i{ibil& Zn r~jjnr{ {ac{ gf bn}{cgf rg{~c{gifr,

ifn ocw fi{ actn {an {gon fi} {an }n/ ri~}bn }ns~g}nk di}

r~ba nlcmi}c{n ril~{gifr& Di} gfr{cfbn, k~}gfj c }nrb~n

iun}c{gif di} zagba c OCFN[ gr rn{ ~u, gd g{ zn}n di~fk

{ac{ {an knlcw cfk hg{{n} id {an fn{zi}` c}n r~ba {ac{ fi

nddnb{gtn bioo~fgbc{gif zn}n uirrgmln, {an rgoulnr{ cfk

s~gb`nr{ ril~{gif zi~lk mn {i `nnu rion fiknr r{c{gifc}w

clmng{ gf rion c}}cfjnonf{& [agr ucun} u}nrnf{r {an

cfclw{gbcl }nr~l{r {ac{ zn}n c}}gtnk c{ cd{n} nq{nfrgtn

rgo~lc{gif d}io zagba zn bcf gf/ dn} cmi~{ {an dncrgmglg{w

id r~ba c ril~{gif&

[an dillizgfj c}n rion zi}` zagba c}n }nlc{nk gf rion

zcw {ac{ gr di~fk gf {an lg{n}c{~}n& [iuil/ ijw cfk oimglg{w

bifrgkn}c{gifr gf oimgln ck aib fn{zi}`r c}n u}nrnf{nk gf

P3_& [an c~{ai}r r{~kgnk tc}gi~r bac}cb{n}gr{gbr bifbn}fgfj

{an lgf`r cfk }i~{nr {ac{ oc`n ~u c oimgln ck aib

fn{zi}`& Ifn goui}{cf{ dgfkgfj zcr {ac{ k~n {i }cugk }i~{/

gfj bacfjnr m}i~ja{ cmi~{ mw c agjalw kwfcogb {iuilijw,

ifn o~r{ rnlnb{ c }ncrifcmln oimglg{w rn{{gfj gf i}kn} {i

cbagntn rion }ncrifcmln lntnl id un}di}ocfbn& [an

goucb{ id {iuilijw gf }i/ m~r{ }i~{gfj if zg}nlnrr onra

fn{zi}`r gr gftnr/ {gjc{nk gf P=_& Gf {agr zi}`, {an c~{ai}rnquli}nk {an goucb{ id fikn kgr{}gm~{gif if }i~{gfj un}di}/

ocfbn gf c zg}nlnrr onra fn{zi}`& [anw di~fk {ac{

fn{zi}` un}di}ocfbn ~rgfj }im~r{ }i~{gfj bcf mn

gou}itnk mw ~rgfj c kgr{}gm~{gif zagba ulcbnr c j}nc{n}

knfrg{w id fiknr {izc}k {an i~{/ rgkn id c fn{zi}`& Gf P2_,

{an c~{ai}r r{~kgnk {an u}imlno id knrgjfgfj {an iu{gocl

{iuilijw

di} mcb`mifn/mcrnk awm}gk zg}nlnrr ck/aib fn{zi}`r&

[an u}imlno gr di}o~lc{nk cr c jnfn}clgxnk iu{gocl

jnion{}gb R{gnfn} fn{zi}` u}imlno zg{a ogfgo~o f~omn}

id R{ngfn} fiknr& [anw u}iuirnk c o~l{guln/r{nu ril~{gif

cuu}icba cfk biouc}nk rntn}cl an~}gr{gb clji}g{aor&

Cfi{an} zi}` gf zagba knrgjf bifrgkn}c{gifr di} c ruc}rn

fn{zi}` c}n kgrb~rrnk gr P;_& [an c~{ai}r clri kndgfnk c

on{}gb bcllnk }ncbacmglg{w {ac{ gr ~rnd~l gf ntcl~c{gfj

knrgjf {}ckn/iddr gf ruc}rn fn{zi}`r& Cll {an cmitn zi}`

c}n bifbn}fnk zg{a fn{zi}`r gf zagba ng{an} cll fiknr c}n

oimgln i} cll fiknr r{c{gifc}w& I~} u}iuirnk cuu}icba

knclr zg{a c fn{zi}` gf zagba rion fiknr c}n oimgln

zagln {an i{an}r c}n r{c{gifc}w&

[iuilijw bif{}il id ck aib fn{zi}`r !P>_/P3;_' gr

cfi{an} c}nc gf zagba {iuilijw id {an fn{zi}` gr

kn{n}ogfnk mw bif{}illgfj {an bioo~fgbc{gif }cfjn id {an

fiknr& Cl{ai~ja {iuilijw knrgjf gr clri kifn an}n, {an

ocgf cgo an}n gr {i }nk~bn {an itn}cll nfn}jw bifr~ou{gif

id {an fiknr zagln rc{grdwgfj rion bifr{}cgf{r r~ba cr

ocgf{cgfgfj biffnb{gtg{w& Mnrgknr, {iuilijw bif{}il gr

jnfn}/ cllw bc}}gnk i~{ di} r{c{gb ck aib fn{zi}`r&[an ucun} gr i}jcfgxnk cr dillizr& Gf rnb{gif G, zn

jgtn c m}gnd gf{}ik~b{gif cfk }nlc{nk zi}`& Rnb{gif GG

u}nrnf{r {an {iuilijw knrgjf& Gf rnb/ {gif GGG, zn jgtn

{an rgo~lc{gif }nr~l{r zagba gr dilliznk mw {an bifbl~rgif

gf rnb{gif GT&

GG [IUILIJW KNRGJF

Bifrgkn}gfj {ac{ {an fiknr gf c OCFN[ c}n oimgln,

{an}n rnno {i mn lg{{ln i} fi oncfgfj bif/ bn}fgfj {an

{iuilijw knrgjf id {an fn{zi}`& Aiz/ ntn}, gf i~} u}nrnf{

bif{nq{, i~} gf{n}nr{ gr gf c uc}{gcllw oimgln ck aibfn{zi}` gf zagba rion fiknr c}n `nu{ r{c{gifc}w zagln

{an }nr{ c}n oi/ mgln& [a~r, mw {iuilijw knrgjf, zn oncf

knrgjf id {an {an {iuilijw id {an fn{zi}` di}onk mw {an

rn{ id r{c{gifc}w fiknr& Di} gfr{cfbn gf Dgj& 3, zn raiz c

uc}{gcllw oimgln OCFN[& C dgllnk bg}bln knfi{nr c oimgln

fikn zan}ncr cf nou{w bg}bln knfi{nr c r{c{gifc}w fikn&

[an r{c{gifc}w fiknr





c}n c}}cfjnk gf c j}gk zg{agf {an OCFN[‗r fn{/

zi}` c}nc }nu}nrnf{nk mw {an miq& Cf nkjn mn/

{znnf cfw {zi r{c{gifc}w fiknr knfi{nr {ac{ {an fiknr

c}n zg{agf bioo~fgbc{gif }cfjn id ncba

i{an}& [an r{c{gifc}w fiknr c}n {an rcon cr {an

oimgln fiknr gf ntn}w }nrunb{ r~ba {ac{ {anw actn {an rcon

u}ibnrrgfj bcucbg{w, {}cfrogrrgif }cfjn cfk mc{{n}w uizn}

cr {an oimgln fiknr& Oi}nitn}, c r{c{gifc}w fikn mnactnrmi{a cr air{ cfk }i~{n} lg`n cfw i{an} fikn& K~n {i {an zcw

{an r{c{gifc}w fiknr c}n ~fgdi}olw lcgk i~{, {an}nmw

u}itgkgfj jiik biffnb{gtg{w, g{ gr gf{~g{gtn {i nqunb{ c agjan}

knj}nn id }i~{gfj un}di}ocfbn {acf zanf cll {an fiknr c}n

oimgln&

Cfi{an} zcw id ulcbgfj {an r{c{gifc}w fiknr

gr mw }cfkiolw rbc{{n}gfj {ano gf {an OCFN[‗r fn{zi}`

c}nc& Rgfbn, {anw c}n }cfkiolw ulcbnk, ifn bcffi{

crbn}{cgf cmi~{ {an nddnb{ {an {iuilijw knrgjf zi~lk actn

if {an fn{zi}`‗r biffnb{gt/ g{w& Zn ntcl~c{n {an goucb{ id

{iuilijw if }i~{gfj un}di}ocfbn cfk zn u}nrnf{ {an

rgo~lc{gif }nr~l{r gf {an dillizgfj rnb{gif&

GGG Rgo~lc{gif cfk Un}di}ocfbn

Ntcl~c{gif

Rgo~lc{gifr zn}n kifn ~rgfj {an fr=&2= rgo/ ~lc{i}

P3>_, zan}n {an ~fkn}lwgfj OCB u}i{ibil ~rnk gr 15=&33&

[an }i~{gfj u}i{ibil zn actn ~rnk gr CIKT P34_& Zn

actn {c`nf c knuliwonf{ id

>5 fiknr gf cf c}nc oncr~}gfj 3>55o Ú 3>55o&

C un}bnf{cjn id {an >5 fiknr c}n `nu{ r{c{gifc}w cfk {an

}nr{ c}n oimgln& [an }ckgi }cfjn id ncba fikn gr =>5o&

[an rgo~lc{gif gr }~f di} tc}wgfj ocqgo~o runnkr id {an

oimgln fiknr cfk c uc~rn {gon id 5 rnbifk& Ntn}w uigf{ gf

{an j}cuar gr cf ctn}cjn id {an }nr~l{r im{cgfnk d}io

rgo~lc{gfj

=5 kgddn}nf{ {iuilijgnr ~rgfj =5 biffnb{gifr di} c un}gik

id >55 rnbifkr& Ncba kc{c ucb`n{ gr id rgxn 3=1 mw{nr cfk

{an {}cddgb {wun ~rnk gr bifr{cf{ mg{ }c{n c{ {an }c{n id ;

ucb`n{r un} rnbifk& [an oitnonf{ oiknl ~rnk di} {an

oimgln fiknr gr {an }cfkio zcwuigf{ oiknl P3:_&

[i biouc}n {an }i~{gfj un}di}ocfbn id {an bcrn

Dgj~}n 3& J}gk knuliwonf{ id r{c{gifc}w

fiknr0 {an nou{w cfk dgllnk bg}blnr knfi{n

r{c{gifc}w cfk oimgln fiknr }nrunb{gtnlw

zanf cll fiknr c}n oimgln zg{a {ac{ zanf rion fiknr c}n

r{c{gifc}w, zn rgo~lc{nk CIKT gf {an rg{~c{gifr zanf

tc}wgfj f~omn} id fiknr i~{ id {an >5 fiknr c}n ockn

r{c{gifc}w& Zn bifrgk/

n}nk {an bcrnr zanf 5!5.', >!35.', 35!=5.',

3>!25.', =5!;5.' cfk =>!>5.' fiknr c}n r{c/

{gifc}w& Dg}r{ zn rgo~lc{nk di} {an bcrn zanf {an r{c{gifc}w

fiknr c}n c}}cfjnk gf c j}gk& Zn ulcbnk {an fiknr gf c j}gk

gf r~ba c zcw {ac{ {an ai}gxif/ {cl cr znll cr {an tn}{gbcl

kgr{cfbn mn{znnf cfw {zi fiknr gr =>5o& Oi}nitn}, {an

j}gk gr ulcbnk c}i~fk {an ogkkln id {an fn{zi}` c}nc&

Rnbifk, zn ulcbnk {an r{c{gifc}w fiknr }cfkiolw gf {an

fn{zi}` c}nc ~rgfj {an BO^ {iuilijw jnfn}c{gif ~{glg{w{ac{ bionr clifj zg{a fr=&2= rgo~lc{i}&

Zn actn bifrgkn}nk rgq un}di}ocfbn oncr~}n/ onf{

uc}con{n}r8

!c' Ucb`n{ Knlgtn}w ]c{gi !UK]'8 ]c{gi id {an {i/ {cl

f~omn} id kc{c ucb`n{r }nbngtnk mw {an knr{gfc{gifr

{i {an {i{cl f~omn} id kc{c ucb / n{r rnf{&

!m' Hg{{n}8 Ctn}cjn Tc}gc{gif gf {an }nbngtnk {gon id kc{c

ucb`n{r&





H g { { n } ! o r '

U c b ` n { K n l g t n } w

N f k / { i / N f k

k n l c w

3

5&7

355

5

75

5

15

5

:5

5

455

Fi J}gk

J}gk/>J}gk/35J}gk/3>J}gk/=5J}gk/=>

5&1

5&:

>55

;55

255

5&4=55

355

5&>

5&;

Fi J}gk


55 = ; 4 1 35 3=

3;

Ocqgo~o

runnk !o)r'

5 = ; 4 1 35 3= 3;

Ocqgo~o

runnk !o)r'

Dgj~}n =& J}gk knuliwonf{0 Ucb`n{ knlgtn}w

}c{gi Tr& Ocqgo~o runnk

5&5;

5&52>

Dgj~}n ;& J}gk knuliwonf{0 Nfk/{i/nfk

ucb`n{ knlcw Tr& Ocqgo~o runnk

!b' Nfk/{i/nfk Knlcw8 Ctn}cjn id {an knlcw !}n/ bngtnk

{gon ogf~r rnf{ {gon' id ntn}w kc{c ucb`n{&

!k' ]i~{n D}ns~nfbw8 [an f~omn} id }i~{n }n/ s~nr{r

jnfn}c{nk un} rnbifk&

!n' ]i~{gfj Lick 8 [an f~omn} id bif{}il ucb`n{r

{}cfrog{{nk !gfbl~kgfj {an ifnr {ac{ c}n di}/ zc}knk'

di} ntn}w kc{c ucb`n{ }nbngtnk&

5&52

5&5=>

5&5=

5&53>

5&53

5&55>

5

Fi J}gk

J}gk/>J}gk/35

J}gk/3>J}gk/=5J}gk/=>

5 = ; 4 1 35 3= 3;

Ocqgo~o

runnk !o)r'

!d ' Ctn}cjn [a}i~jau~{8 [an {i{cl coi~f{ id kc{c

}nbngtnk mw cll fiknr un} rnbifk&

Dgj& = raizr {an biouc}grif id ucb`n{ knlgtn}w

}c{gi!UK]' zanf {an r{c{gifc}w fiknr c}n ulcbnk gf {an

di}o id c j}gk& [an lcmnl Fi J}gk knfi{nr {an uli{ zanf

cll {an fiknr c}n oimgln !g&n&, {an}n c}n fi r{c{gifc}w

fiknr'& Rgoglc}lw J}gk/> kn/ fi{nr {an uli{ zanf {an}n

c}n >!35.' r{c{gifc}w fiknr coifj {an >5 fiknr& [an

i{an} lcmnlr bc}}w rgoglc} oncfgfj& G{ gr rnnf {ac{ cr {an

un}bnf{cjn

Dgj~}n 2& J}gk knuliwonf{0 Hg{{n} Tr& Ocqg/

o~o runnk

id r{c{gifc}w fiknr gfb}ncrnr {an ucb`n{ knlgtn}w}c{gi gfb}ncrnr rgjfgdgbcf{lw& [agr gr cr nqunb{nk cr {an

biffnb{gtg{w gf {an fn{zi}` gfb}ncrnr zg{a {an gfb}ncrn gf

{an rgxn id {an j}gk id r{c{gifc}w fiknr& G{ gr clri fi{gbnk

{ac{ {an UK] knb}ncrnr cr {an oimglg{w gfb}ncrnr, zagba gr





cr nqunb{nk&





] i ~ { g f j L i c k

] i ~ { n D } n s ~ n f b w

[ a } i ~ j a

u ~ { ! O m '

5&3

2

=&>

Fi J}gk

J}gk/>J}gk/35J}gk/3>J}gk/=5

J}gk/=>

5&51

5&54

=

3&>

5&5

;

5&5=

Fi J}gk


3

5&>

55 = ; 4 1 35 3=

3;Ocqgo~orunnk !o)r'

55 = ; 4 1 35 3= 3;

Ocqgo~o

runnk !o)r'

Dgj~}n >& J}gk knuliwonf{0 ]i~{n d}ns~nfbw

Tr& Ocqgo~o runnk

=

Dgj~}n :& J}gk knuliwonf{0 Ctn}cjn {a}i~ja/ u~{

!Om)rnb' Tr& Ocqgo~o runnk

Dgj& 2 raizr {an hg{{n} zg{a }nrunb{ {i ocqgo~o runnk di}

tc}wgfj un}bnf{cjn id r{c{gifc}w fiknr& G{ gr rnnf {ac{ {an

hg{{n} }nk~bnr cr {an fi& id r{c/ {gifc}w fiknr gfb}ncrnr&

[agr gr nqunb{nk cr {an fn{zi}` mnbionr oi}n znll

biffnb{nk cfk r{c/ mln cr {an fi& id r{c{gifc}w fiknr

gfb}ncrnr& [an nfk/{i/nfk knlcw biouc}grif gr u}nrnf{nk

gf Dgj&

;& [an knlcw knb}ncrnr }cugklw cr {an [an nfk/{i/

3&>

3

5&>

5

Fi J}gk


5 = ; 4 1 35 3= 3;

Ocqgo~o

runnk !o)r'

nfk knlcw biouc}grif gr u}nrnf{nk gf Dgj& ;& [an knlcw

knb}ncrnr }cugklw cr {an un}bnf{cjn id r{c/ {gifc}w fiknr

gfb}ncrnr& Zanf >5. id {an fiknr c}n r{c{gifc}w, {an knlcw

mnbionr lizn} {acf ntnf

355or& Dgj& > raizr {an {an }i~{n d}ns~nfbw di}

tc}wgfj f~omn} id r{c{gifc}w fiknr& G{ gr rnnf {ac{ {an

f~omn} id }i~{n }ns~nr{r jnfn}c{nk un} rnb/ ifk

knb}ncrnr cr {an f~omn} id r{c{gifc}w fiknr gfb}ncrnr&

Zanf oi}n f~omn} id fiknr c}n r{c/ {gifc}w cfk {anw c}n

knuliwnk gf j}gk, {an f~omn} id lgf` m}nc`r }nk~bnr&Bifrns~nf{lw, {an f~o/ mn} id }i~{n }ns~nr{r un} rnbifk

}nk~bnr rgfbn c

Dgj~}n 4& J}gk knuliwonf{0 ]i~{gfj lick Tr&

Ocqgo~o runnk

lgf` m}nc` ui{nf{gcllw }nr~l{r gf nr{cmlgraonf{ id

fnz }i~{nr& Dgj& 4 gll~r{}c{nr {an biouc}grif id {an

}i~{gfj lick& Cr nqunb{nk, {an }i~{gfj lick }n/ k~bnr cr {an

f~omn} id r{c{gifc}w fiknr gfb}ncrnr& Zanf {an}n c}n oi}n

f~omn} id r{c{gifc}w fiknr di}ogfj c j}gk, {an }i~{nr c}n

oi}n r{cmln cfk ri





H g { {

n } ! o r '

U c b ` n { K n l g t n } w N

f k / { i / N f k k

n l c w

3555

755

3

5&7

155

:55

455

5&1

5&:

5&4

5&>

5&;

Fi]cfkio]cfkio/>

]cfkio/35]cfkio/3>]cfkio/=5

]cfkio/=>

>5

5

;5

5

25

5

=5

5

35

5

5

Fi ]cfkio

]cfkio/>]cfkio/35]cfkio/3>]cfkio/=5]cfkio/=>

5 = ; 4 1 35 3=

3;

Ocqgo~o

runnk !o)r'

5 = ; 4 1 35 3= 3;

Ocqgo~o

runnk !o)r'

Dgj~}n 1& ]cfkio knuliwonf{0 Ucb`n{ knlgt/ n}w

}c{gi Tr& Ocqgo~o runnk

5&5>

Dgj~}n 35& ]cfkio knuliwonf{0 Nfk/{i/nfk

ucb`n{ knlcw Tr& Ocqgo~o runnk

{an f~omn} id bif{}il ucb`n{r jnfn}c{nk cfk di}/ zc}knk gr

lnrr cr biouc}nk {i zanf {an}n c}n lnrr f~omn} id

r{c{gifc}w fiknr& Dgfcllw, {an {a}i~ja/ u~{ gfb}ncrnr cr {an

f~omn} id r{c{gifc}w fiknr gfb}ncrnr !Dgj& :'& [agr gr

nqunb{nk rgfbn {an UK] clri gfb}ncrnr cr {an f~omn} id

r{c{gifc}w fiknr gfb}ncrnr&[an rnbifk uc}{ id {an rgo~lc{gif gftiltnr {an }cfkio

knuliwonf{ id {an r{c{gifc}w fiknr gf/

5&5

;

5&5

2

5&5

=

5&5

3

5

Fi ]cfkio

]cfkio/>]cfkio/35]cfkio/3>]cfkio/=5

]cfkio/=>

5 = ; 4 1 35 3=

3;

Ocqgo~o

runnk !o)r'

r{nck id c}}cfjgfj {ano gf c j}gk& [an cmitn

rgq un}di}ocfbn uc}con{n}r zn}n ~rnk {i ntcl~/ c{n {agr

rbnfc}gi& Dgj& 1 {i Dgj& 3= raiz {an un}/ di}ocfbn di}

tc}wgfj f~omn} id r{c{gifc}w fiknr, zagba c}n knuliwnk

}cfkiolw& Zn imrn}tn {ac{ {an}n rnno {i mn fi fi{cmln

goucb{ if {an un}/ di}ocfbn z&}&{& cll {an un}di}ocfbn

uc}con{n}r& [a~r zn bifbl~kn {ac{ gou}itn gfun}di}ocfbn bcf blnc}lw mn cbagntnk mw knuliwgfj {an

r{c{gif/ c}w fiknr gf c j}gk zan}ncr {an}n gr oi}n i} lnrr

fi nddnb{ if {an un}di}ocfbn zanf {anw c}n kn/ uliwnk

}cfkiolw&

Dgj~}n 7& ]cfkio knuliwonf{0 Hg{{n} Tr&

Ocqgo~o runnk GT Bifbl~rgifr

Zn actn u}nrnf{nk {an goucb{ id {iuilijw id

r{c{gifc}w fiknr gf c uc}{gcllw oimgln ck aib





] i ~ { g f j L i c k

] i ~ { n D } n s ~ n f b w [

a } i ~ j a u ~ { ! O m '

5&3

2&> 5&51

2 5&54

=&>

=

3&>

5&5

;

5&5=

Fi ]cfkio


3

5&>

Fi ]cfkio


55 = ; 4 1 35 3=

3;

Ocqgo~o

runnk !o)r'

5 5 = ; 4 1 35 3=3;

Ocqgo~o

runnk !o)r'

Dgj~}n 33& ]cfkio knuliwonf{0 ]i~{n d}n/

s~nfbw Tr& Ocqgo~o runnk

2&

>

2

Dgj~}n 32& ]cfkio knuliwonf{0 Ctn}cjn

{a}i~jau~{ !Om)rnb' Tr& Ocqgo~o runnk

fn{zi}`& Dg}r{, zn bifrgkn}nk {an bcrn zanf {an

r{c{gifc}w fiknr c}n c}}cfjnk gf c j}gk& Rnbifk, zn

clri gftnr{gjc{nk {an rbnfc}gi zanf {an r{c{gifc}w fiknr

c}n knuliwnk }cfkiolw& Zn imrn}tnk {ac{ {an }i~{gfj

un}di}ocfbn bcf mn gfb}ncrnk rgjfgdgbcf{lw mw gfb}ncrgfj

{an f~omn} id {an r{c{gifc}w fiknr gf {an j}gk {iuilijw&

[agr zi~lk oncf {ac{ gfr{nck id ckiu{gfj nlcmi}c{n cu/

u}icbanr r~ba cr oikgdwgfj {an }i~{gfj u}i{ibil

i} knuliwgfj uizn}d~l cfk nqunfrgtn mcb`mifn

=&>

=

3&>

3

5&>

5

Fi ]cfkio]cfkio/>

]cfkio/35]cfkio/3>]cfkio/=5]cfkio/=>

5 = ; 4 1 35 3= 3;

Ocqgo~o

runnk !o)r'

fiknr, {an }i~{gfj un}di}ocfbn id c OCFN[ bcf mn

nfacfbnk rgoulw mw oc`gfj rion fiknr r{c{gifc}w cfk

c}}cfjgfj {ano gf c j}gk& Aiz/ ntn}, zn di~fk {ac{

}cfkiolw kgr{}gm~{gfj {an r{c{gifc}w fiknr gf {an

fn{zi}` c}nc kinr fi{ anlu gf gou}itgfj {an }i~{gfj

un}di}ocfbn& [a~r, zn bifbl~kn {ac{ {i nfacfbn {anun}di}ocfbn, r{c{gifc}w fiknr o~r{ fi{ mn h~r{ r{c{gifc}w

m~{ o~r{ mn c}}cfjnk gr rion }nj~lc} dcragif ri {ac{

g{ anlur gf gou}itgfj {an biffnb{gtg{w id {an

Dgj~}n 3=& ]cfkio knuliwonf{0 ]i~{gfj lick

Tr& Ocqgo~o runnk

fn{zi}`&

Cb`fizlnkjonf{8 [agr zi}` gr r~uui}{nk mw ]n/

rnc}ba U}ioi{gif Rbanon id CGB[N, Gfkgc !u}ihnb{ fi&15=2)MI])]GK)]UR/=22)=551/57, 23)2)=557'&





]ndn}nfbnr

P3_ M& Gragmcrag cfk ]ci~d Mi~{cmc, “[iulijw cfk

oimglg{w bifrgkn}c{gifr gf oimgln ck aib

fn{zi}`r,‟ Nlrntgn} Ck Aib Fn{zi}`r, 2 !=55>'

:4=/::4&

P=_ H& Znllifr cfk W& Q~n, “[an Goucb{ id [iuil/ ijw gf

]im~r{ ]i~{gfj if Zg}nlnrr Onra Fn{zi}`r,‟

U}ib& Oimgln Biou~{gfj cfk Bioo~fgbc{gifr

]ntgnz, =535, uu& ;4/;1&

P2_ W& Qgf, [& J~tnf, O& C& Racwocf, “[iuilijw knrgjf

di} zg}nlnrr ck/aib fn{zi}`r zg{a mcb`mifn

r~uui}{,‟ U}ib& Bifdn}nfbn if Gfdi}oc{gif Rbgnfbnr

cfk Rwr{nor, =55>&

P;_ R& Un}~} cfk R& Gwn}, “Ruc}rn O~l{g/aiu zg}nlnrr di}

tigbn bioo~fgbc{gif gf }~}cl Gfkgc,‟ U}ib& 3={a

Fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Bioo~fgbc{gifr, FBB

=554, Fnz Knlag, Gfkgc0 uu& >2;/>21, Hcf~c}w =554&

P>_ O& Bc}kng, H& Z~ cfk R& Wcfj, “[iuilijw bif{}il

gf ck aib zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`r ~rgfj biiun}c{gtn

bioo~fgbc{gif,‟ GNNN [}cfrcb{gifr if Oimgln

Biou~{gfj, til& >, fi& 4, H~fn =554&

P4_ C& ]caocf cfk U& Jm~}gxwfr`g, “ OCB/ crrgr{nk

{iuilijw bif{}il di} ck aib zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`r,‟

Gf{n}fc{gifcl Hi~}fcl id bioo~/ fgbc{gif rwr{nor,

=55>05503/4&

P:_ R& Cjc}zcl, R& @}grafco~}{aw, ]& @c{x, cfk R& Kci,

“Kgr{}gm~{nk uizn} bif{}il gf ck/aib zg}nlnrr

fn{zi}`r,‟ U}ib& UGO]B, =553&

P1_ [& @zif cfk O& Jn}lc, “Bl~r{n}gfj zg{a uizn}

bif{}il,‟ U}ib& OGLBIO, til& =, uu& 3;=;/3;=1,

3777&

P7_ ]& ]cocfc{acf cfk ]& ]irclnr/Acgf, “[iuilijw

bif{}il id o~l{gaiu zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`r ~rgfj

{}cfrog{ uizn} ckh~r{onf{,‟ U}ib& id GNNN

GFDIBIO =555, uu& ;5;/;32, [nl Ctgt, Gr}cnl,

Oc}ba =555&

P35_ L& Lg, H& W& Alcun}f, U& Mcal, W& Zcfj, cfk ]&

Zc{nfaidn}, “Cfclwrgr id c bif/ mcrnk {iuilijw

bif{}il clji}g{ao di} zg}n/ lnrr o~l{g/aiu

fn{zi}`r,‟ U}ib& CBO Rwo/ uirg~o if U}gfbguln id

Kgr{}gm~{nk Biou~{/ gfj !UIKB', =553&

P33_ F& Lg, H& B& Ai~, cfk L& Rac, “Knrgjf cfk cfclwrgr

id cf OR[/mcrnk {iuilijw bif{}il clji}g{ao,‟

U}ib& GFDIBIO, =552&

P3=_ T& ]ikiul~ cfk [& Onfj, “ Ogfgo~o nfn}jw oimgln

zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`r,‟ GNNN Hi~}fcl id Rnlnb{nk

C}ncr gf Bioo~fgbc{gifr, 3:!1', uu& 3222/32;;,

3777&

P32_ ]& Zc{{nfaidn}, L& Lg, U& Mcal, cfk W&/ O& Zcfj,

“Kgr{}gm~{nk {iuilijw bif{}il di} zg}nlnrr o~l{gaiu

ck/aib fn{zi}`r,‟ U}ib& GFDIBIO =553, uu& 3211/

327:, =553&

P3;_ X& A~cfj, B& Ranf, B& R}grc{acui}fuac{, cfk B&

Hcg`cni, “[iuilijw bif{}il di} ck aib fn{/ zi}`rzg{a kg}nb{gifcl cf{nffcr,‟ U}ib& GNNN Gf{&

Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Bioo~fgbc{gifr cfk

Fn{zi}`r, uu& 34/=3, =55=&

P3>_ [an Fn{zi}` Rgo~lc{i} / fr=,

zzz&grg&nk~)frfco)fr)&

P34_ B& N& Un}`gfr cfk N& O& ]iwn}, “Ck/aib If/

Knocfk Tnb{i} ]i~{gfj,‟ U}ib& =fk GNNN

Zi}`raiu if Oimgln Biou~{gfj Rwr{nor cfk

Cuulgbc{gifr, uu& 75/355, Fnz I}lncfr, LC,

Dnm}~c}w 3777&

P3:_ K& M& Hiafrif cfk K& C& Ocl{x, “Kwfcogb Ri~}bn

]i~{gfj gf Ck Aib Zg}nlnrr Fn{/ zi}`r,‟ Oimgln

Biou~{gfj ![& Gognlgfr`g cfk A& @i}{a, nkg{i}r,

@l~zn} Cbcknogb U~mlgran}r, uu& 3>2/313, 3774&





U}ib& id {a

il~on 3& BiGRMF8 7:1/13

Cmr{

ioo~fgbc{gi

ckgfj& I}{ai

fk i}{aijif

zagba c}n o

mnbion zgknl

jcgfr{ d}ns~n

ktcf{cjnr,

}czmcb`r0 ag

i} cf ckcu{gt

an bacffnl, c

Rgfjln bc}}gn}zagba ~{glgxnr

fk d}ns~nfb

nbafgs~n {ac

con itn}cll r

c}}gn} d}ns~

oikgdgnk di}

}iogrgfj {

ioo~fgbc{gi

goglc} {a}i~

tn}cll bioul

DKOC gr {an

lizn} {acf {a

cfkgkc{n di}

n}o Ntil~{g

an 2}k Jnfn}!2JUU L[N'&

Gf {a

qulcgf aiz R

}ns~nfbw ki

fnnknk cf cl{n

Zn u}nrnf{ g

fclwxn {an nd

UCU]& Coif

zn dgfk {ac{

nunfknf{ rb

acf gf{n}lnc

n}di}ocfbn

lri nqulcgf {a

DKOC cfk I

If {an ln

c}n knugb{nk

biftn}{nk {ianf gf {an d

knrg}nk libc{g

~r{ {anf mn

Gf{l& Bifd& i

w}gja{ § =53/7=5>:>/:/4

BO "8 kmn}&g

C R

}cb{/ M}i

fr r~ddn} d}i

ifcl d}ns~nf

l d}ns~nfbw kg

~l{gbc}}gn} b

cbbnu{nk u}g

fbw rnlnb{gtn d

DKO cfk

ja unc` {i/ct

n i} biknk rba

k agja rnfrg{g

d}ns~nfbw kgtrgfjln bc}}gn

kiocgf ns

acr rgoglc}

{}~b{~}n cr {a

nfbw kgtgrgif

id I}{ai

nbafgs~n di

fr gf d~{~}n

au~{ un}di}

qg{w cr IDK

unc`/{i/ctn}c

{ id IDKOC

{an ~ulgf` o~

f id bnll~lc}

{gif Uc}{fn}r

gr ucun}, zn jg

B/DKOC ~{glg

cgf ns~clgxc

}fc{gtn id r~b

r mcrgb bifbn

nb{r id r~mbc}

{an uirrgmln

libclgxnk D

nk~lgfj !BK

nk DKOC !

d GDKOC gr

n rgoglc}g{gnr

KOC&

d{ acfk rgkn i

gf {an {gon

{an d}ns~nfbns~nfbw ki

if gf {an it

biftn}{nk mcb

Biou~{n} C

[nbafi Di} 88 kig8 35& :27

gon}c&35& :27

{~kw if

kmcfk

o~l{guc{a

w kgtgrgif o~

tgrgif o~l{gul

oo~fgbc{gif

oc}glw mnbc~r

kgfj bacffnl

DKOC r~d

}cjn uizn} }

on {i itn}bi

tg{w {i d}ns~nf

grgif o~l{gulnoik~lc{gif

~clgxc{gif c{

un}di}ocfbn

irn id cf ID

o~l{guln cb

ifcl DKOC

} agja kc

nll~lc} rwr{n

cfbn cfk nr

C& C u}gfbgu

n uizn} }c{g

& RBDKOC gr

l{guln cbbnrr r

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cuulgnk if {an }nbngtn} rgkn, m~{ fi{ if {an {}cfrog{{n} rgkn& Gf RB/DKOC, mi{a DD[ cfk GDD[ c}n cuulgnk if{an {}cfrog{{n} rgkn, cfk clri if {an }nbngtn} rgkn& Gf RB/DKOC, o~l{guln cbbnrr gr ockn uirrgmln mw gfrn}{gfjrglnf{ di~}gn}/binddgbgnf{r if {an {}cfrog{{n} rgkn mndi}n{an GDD[, cfk }noitgfj {ano if {an }nbngtn} rgkn mndi}n{an GDD[&

Zac{ oc`nr RB/DKOC c rgfjln bc}}gn} oik~lc{gifgr {an dcb{ {ac{ {an}n gr h~r{ ifn bc}}gn}& UCU] id RB)DKOC gr =kM roclln} biouc}nk {i IDKOC&

Rgfjln Bc}}gn} D}ns~nfbw Kgtgrgif O~l{guln Cbbnrr!RB/DKOC' C fnz rgfjln bc}}gn} o~l{guln cbbnrr {nbafgs~n ^{glgxnr rgfjln bc}}gn} oik~lc{gif cfk d}ns~nfbw

kiocgf ns~clgxc{gif& Acr rgoglc} un}di}ocfbn cfk nrrnf{gcllw {an rcon

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bc}}gn} {}cfrog{{n} r{}~b{~}n& Cf c{{}cb{gtn cl{n}fc{gtn {i IDKOC, nrunbgcllw gf

{an ~ulgf` bioo~fgbc{gifr zan}n lizn} UCU] j}nc{lw mnfndg{r {an oimgln {n}ogfcl gf {n}or id {}cfrog{ uizn} nddgbgnfbw&[an mcrgb ~ulgf` {}cfrogrrgif {nbafgs~n gr rgfjln/

bc}}gn} {}cfrogrrgif !RB/DKOC' zg{a bwblgb u}ndgq {icbagntn ~ulgf` gf{n}/~rn} i}{aijifclg{w cfk {i nfcmlnnddgbgnf{ d}ns~nfbw kiocgf ns~clgxc{gif c{ {an }nbngtn}

rgkn

3& Agr{i}w8

Itn} {an ucr{ dgd{nnf wnc}r, {an mg{ }c{nr cbagntnk gfbnll~lc} cfk libcl c}nc zg}nlnrr bioo~fgbc{gif rwr{noractn gfb}ncrnk r{nckglw& [an nc}lgnr{ kgjg{cl bnll~lc} rwr{nor, Fi}{a Con}gbcf [KOC cfk JRO nouliwnk{gon kgtgrgif o~l{guln cbbnrr& Rnbifk jnfn}c{gifBKOC rwr{nor cfk {an {zi {ag}k jnfn}c{gif bnll~lc} rwr{cor cll ~rn kg}nb{ rns~nfbn ru}nck runb{}~o di} o~l{gulnqgfj cfk o~lûgul~ cbbnrr¦ [an agjanr{ mg{}c{nr gf bioon}bgcllw knuliwnk zg}nfnrr rwr{nor c}n

cbagntnk mw oncfr id I}{aijifcl Ä}ns~nfbw KgtgrgifO~l{gulnqgfj !ÉDKO' gf zgunlnrr LCFr mcr.k if {anGNNN 15=&33c cfk GNNO 15=&33j r{cfkc}kr& [an fnq{cktcfbn gf bnll~lc} rwr{nor, ~fkn} gftnr{gjc{gif mg {an[ag}k Jnfn}c{gif Uc}{fn}ragu U}ihnb{ !2JUU', clricf{gbguc{nr {an ckiu{gif id IDKÏC {i cbagntn agjan} mg{}c{nr& Fiz gf di~}{a Jnfn}c{gif zn ~rn RB/DKOc {icbagntn ocqao~o un}di}ocfbn zg{a c rgfjlnbc}}gn}&P4_&e

2& Zaw Fnnknk

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GG& RB/DKOC)KD[/ru}nck IDKO8

KD[/ru}nck IDKOKD[/Ru}nck IDKOC ‒ Ocuugfj id ru}nck rwomilr , fi{i}gjgfcl rwomilr {i r~mbc}}gn}r&

RB/DKOC bcf mn }njc}knk cr kgrb}n{n Di~}gn}

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KD[/ru}nck IDKO !KD[R/IDKO' gr c{}cfrogrrgif rbanon {ac{ bcf biomgfn {an knrg}nk u}iun}{gnr di} ~ulgf` {}cfrogrrgif g&n& Rocll tc}gc{gifr gf {an gfr{cf{cfni~r uizn} id {an{}cfrog{{nk rgjfcl !‑rgfjln bc}}gn}‗ u}iun}{w'& Uirrgmglg{w di} liz/bioulnqg{w agja/s~clg{wns~clgxc{gif gf {an d}ns~nfbw kiocgf& Uirrgmglg{w di} DKOC zg{a dlnqgmln mcfkzgk{acrrgjfonf{& K~n {i {anrn u}iun}{gnr, KD[R/IDKO acr mnnf

rnlnb{nk cr {an ~ulgf` {}cfrogrrgif rbanon di} L[N,zagba gr {an lifj/{n}o 2J ntil~{gif&

>& Aiz RB/DKOC Zi}`9

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U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ 35=




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1& Bacffnl/Knunfknf{ Rbank~lgfj !BKR' di} ^ulgf` RB/DKOC8

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o~l{g/~rn} kgtn}rg{w bcf mn cbagntnk mw rnlnb{gfj ~rn}r gfi}kn} id {an nr{goc{nk oc}jgfcl ~{glg{w mcrnk if {anctn}cjn bacffnl bifkg{gif itn} {an nf{g}n rn{ id

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7& RB/DKOC Tr& IDKOC8

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BU gr ckknk {i itn}bion GMG !Gf{n}/Mlib` Gf{n}dn}nfbn' cfk {i biftn}{ lgfnc} biftil~{gif id {anbacffnl gou~lrn }nruifrn {i bg}b~lc} ifn&

RB/DKOC bcf mn }njc}knk cr KD[/u}nbiknk i} KD[/ru}nck IDKOC&

7&= Kgrrgoglc}g{gnr8[an iflw kgddn}nfbn gr {an u}nrnfbn id {an KD[ gf RB/DKOC& Di} {agr }ncrif RBDKOC gr rion{gonr }ndn}}nk{i cr KD[/ru}nck i} KD[/u}nbiknk IDKOC& Gf {n}or id kc{c kn{nb{gif c{ {an }nbngtn}, IDKOC un}di}or g{ if c un}/r~mbc}}gn} mcrgr zan}ncr RB/DKOC kinr g{ cd{n} ckkg{gifcl GKD[ iun}c{gif& Mnbc~rn id {agr kgddn}nfbn,IDKOC gr oi}n rnfrg{gtn {i c f~ll gf {an bacffnlrunb{}~o cfk g{ }ns~g}nr bacffnl bikgfj i} uizn})}c{nbif{}il {i itn}bion {agr kndgbgnfbw& Clri, {an k~}c{gif id {an oik~lc{nk {gon rwomilr c}n nqucfknk gf {an bcrn id IDKOC zg{a uc}cllnl {}cfrogrrgif id {an kc{c mlib` k~}gfj {an nlifjc{nk {gon un}gik zan}ncr RB/DKOCoik~lc{nk rwomilr c}n biou}nrrnk gf{i roclln} bagurzg{a rn}gcl {}cfrogrrgif id {an kc{c mlib`, o~ba lg`n ckg}nb{ rns~nfbn bikn kgtgrgif o~l{guln cbbnrr !KR/BKOC' rwr{no&

7&=&3 Bacffnl ns~clgxc{gif8 IDKOC8 Un} r~mbc}}gn} kn{nb{gif&?6C F~ll gfbacffnl runb{}~o rntn}nlw knj}cknr {an rwr{no un}di}ocfbn& 6Bacffnl bikgfj i} uizn})}c{n bif{}il gr}ns~g}nk RB/DKOC8 Kn{nb{gif cd{n} GKD[& 6RF] gr

ctn}cjnk i~{ itn} nf{g}n mcfkzgk{a&

7&=&= [gon kiocgf rwomil k~}c{gif8 IDKOC8 Oik~lc{nk rwomil k~}c{gif gr lifjn} {acfgfu~{ kc{c rwomil k~}c{gif& RB/DKOC8 Oik~lc{nk rwomil k~}c{gif gr rai}{n} {acfgfu~{ kc{c rwomil k~}c{gif&

7&=&2 UCUN]8 IDKOC8 Uc}cllnl {}cfrogrrgif id kc{c itn} o~l{gulnbc}}gn}r& Agja UCU]& RB/DKOC8 Rn}gcl {}cfrogrrgif id kc{c itn} rgfjlnbc}}gn}& ?6Liz UCU]&

7&2 Kc{c Rwomilr Kgcj}co8





g

g

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gf zagba {ankiocgf, zagb

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cbbnrr rbano

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cfk nfbi~}cj

RB/DKOC gr ulgf` bioo

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rbanon {ac{ ulgf`& RB/D

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iouc}grif i

rn}gnr id SU

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r c}n oik~li}n uizn} n

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n} UCU] j}n

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n} d}ns~nfbw

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w iddgbgclcgf di} cll {a

BL^RGIF8

{nbafgs~n di{~}n bnll~lc}

' gr c fnz

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lgxc{gif, cf

{an rcon it

cfk RB/DK

lr

IDKOC8

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cr cf c{{}cb{g

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c{lw mnfndg{r

n} nddgbgnfbw~ulgf` o~l{g

l~{gif !L[N',

iddrn{

r~un}tgri}r cng} anlu, cktg

} agja kc{c } rwr{nor& Rgf

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gf 2JUU Loik~lc{gif c

acr rgog

n}cll bioulnq

C

O

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an

& G{ln

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g{w

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baigbnr {ac{ cgr raizf {a

UCU] biou

dib~rnk if

{a}i~jau~{ cCoifj {an u

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knunfknf{ rb{acf gf{n}lnct

un}di}ocfbn

id LDKOC&

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{i bif{}il cfc}}izn} kgd

{n}or id UCU

{ac{ u~lrn rac

gf {an bcrnrgjfgdgbcf{ go

dgl{n} rai~lk

UCU] zg{ai~Zi}` gf u}i

bacffnl nr{go

id RB/DKOC

gfdi}oc{gifbacffnlr lgf`g

Bacffnl nr{gcfk bacfjnr

{an un}di}ocid {an oik~l

r~mbc}}gn}r {i

&

P3_& ]& tc

Bioo~fgbc{gifr

P=_& Aw~f

“Rgfjln Bc}}gn} Tnagb~lc} [nbaf

P2_& A& N

Uc}`tcll, H& [i}r

Lifj/[n}o Ntil=554, uu& 21/;>&

P;_& N& K

@c}lrrif, O&

Ntil~{gif / ]ck

GNNN Tnagb~lcOnlmi~}fn, C~r{

P>_& Lifj

znmrg{n, zzz&2j

P4_& A~h~f

C M}ickmcfk Zg

=554 !GNNN'8 uu&

P:_& Hgcfz

cfk ]cfkcll C& M

IDKOC r

{an oimglnbw cfk ocf~

gf c ru{an}n c}n

ddnb{ un}di}o{ RB/DKOC

c}nk IDKO

{an nddnb{r

k unc`/{i cirrgmln r~mbc

clgxnk DKO

nk~lgfj !BKnk DKOC !G

id GDKOC gr

f zn bifrgkn

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] un}di}ocf

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id }cgrnk/b ucb{ if UCU

n knrgjfnk b

{ knj}ckgfj {a}nrr gr cf g

c{gif n}}i} i

& Nddnb{gtn rb

mi~{ {an d}nfj {n}ogfclr

c{gif n}}i}rgf bacffnl u

bn id BKR m{gif {nbafgs~

~rn}r

]NDN

Fnn cfk ]& U}c

, C}{nba Ai~rn, =

J& Ow~fj, H~

DKOC di} ^ulijw Ocjcxgfn,

`r{}ôo, C& D~}

n}, cfk O& Zcal

l~{gif,‟ GNNN B

alocf, A& N`

~fkntcll, cfk

gi Gf{n}dcbn Bif

} [nbafilijw}clgc, Ocw =554&

[n}o Ntil~{gif

uu&i}j)Agjalgja{

Wgf cfk Rgctcr

}nlnrr Cbbnrr [n3‒;& kig835&335

ng A~cfj, Tghcw

n}}w, “Kizflgf`

wr{no&RB/DK

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& Gf {agr

id r~mbc}}g

tn}cjn uizn}gn} ocuugfj

C !LDKOC'

' }nr~l{r gf agKOC'& Ai

mn{{n} mw ; {

} {an u~lrn ra

nl gf{n}dn}nnf LDKOC

bn& Cfi{an} f

UCU] cfk {

irgfn u~lrnid GDKOC&

c}nd~llw gf i}

n rwr{no un}d tnr{gjc{gif

{an {a}i~ja

ank~lgfj knu

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bc~rgfj gfbn cfk gfbi}}n

NFBNR

rck, IDKO di}

555&

fr~fj Lgo, cfk

lgf` Zg}nlnrr [til& 3, fi& 2, Rnu

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ioo~f& Ocj&,

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R& Uc}`tcll,“[

bnu{r cfk Un}di

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d {an 2JUU }ckg

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bafilijw-& GNNN

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J& R~m}cocfgc

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OC gr j}n

}or id {}cfr&

KOC rwr{cfk iun}c{gi

ulnq ocffn} nk actn li

cun}, zn a

} ocuugfj

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zg{a bacff

gjan} {a}i~jantn}, {an UC

: kM {acf {

cugfj fnbnrr

bn, zn dgfkcfk GDKOC

i{gbncmln dcb

c{ }ill idd dcb

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n} {i }nk~bn

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~{ un}di}oc

fkr if cbb~}

rn id {an }cC mcrn r{c{g

figrw nr{goc{gn}}i}r knj}

}}nb{ ckcu{c{gb{ crrgjfonf{

g}nlnrr O~l{go

Kctgk H& Jiik

}cfrogrrgif‟, G& =554, uu& 25/21

if, O& Onwn},

Ril~{gifr di} {an

til& ;;, fi& 2,

`ë}, W& Hckgfj

n 2J Lifj/[

ocfbn Ntcl~c{g

B' =554 Ru}

{nbafilijw,‟ 2

r{ =55:'& -IDK

Rc}fidd Rwouirg

&;>2;::2&

f, ]chnnt Cj}c

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{lw

g{

nofcl

& G{n}

tn

if

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nl/

~{U]

ac{

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cgf

gr

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bn

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U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ 35:




di} IDKO Rwr{nor‟, GNNN [}cfrcb{gifr if Zg}nlnrr Bioo~fgbc{gif,Til& 1, Fi& 3,Hcf~c}w =557&P1_& Nllgfc Di~{nìtc,Uc{}gb` Cjwcuifj, cfk Ac}clk Accr“Bacffnl Crwoon{}w gf Bnll~lc} IDKOC/[KK Fn{zi}`r‟, N^]CRGU

Hi~}fcl if Zg}nlnrr Bioo~fgbc{gifr cfk Fn{zi}`gfj, Ib{imn}‗ =551&P7_& ^& Ri}jn}, G& Kn M}inb`, cfk O& Rbafnll, “Gf{n}lnctnkDKOC‛C Fnz Ru}nck/Runb{}~o O~l{guln/Cbbnrr Rbanon,‟ U}ib&

GNNN GBB ‑71, C{lcf{c, JC, uu&3532‒353:, H~fn 3771&P35_& ]& Kgfgr, K& Dclbifn}, B& [& Lco, cfk O& Rcmmcjagcf, “CO~l{guln Cbbnrr Rbanon di} {an ûlgf` id M}ickmcfk Zg}nlnrrRwr{nor,‟ U}ib& GNNN JLIMNBIO ‗5;, til& 4, Kcllcr, [Q, Knb& =55;,

uu& 2151/213=&P33_& ^& Ri}jn}, G& Kn M}inb`, cfk O& Rbafnll, “Gf{n}lnctnkDKOC / C Fnz Ru}nck/Runb{}~o O~l{guln/Cbbnrr Rbanon,‟ U}ib&GNNN GBB ‗71, C{lcf{c, JC, H~f& 3771, uu& 3532/353:&P3=_& O& Rbafnll cfk G& Kn M}inb`, “Cuulgbc{gif id GDKOC {iOimgln ]ckgi [}cfrogrrgif,‟ U}ib& GNNN 3771 Gf{n}fc{gifclBifdn}nfbn if ^fgtn}rcl Un}rifcl Bioo~fgbc{gifr !GBÛB *71',Dli}nfbn, G{clw, Ib{& 3771, uu& 3=4:/3=:=&P32_& Lg/Ba~f Zcfj, cfk Cfkn}rif Banf, “Iu{gocl ]ckgi]nri~}bn Uc}{g{gif di} Higf{ Bif{nf{gifcfk Biffnb{gif/I}gnf{nk

O~l{gbacffnl Cbbnrr gf IDKOC Rwr{nor‟, GNNN [}cfrcb{gifr ifOimgln Biou~{gfj, Til& 1, Fi& =, Dnm}~c}w =557&P3;_& J& Rifj cfk W& Lg, “B}irr/lcwn} Iu{gogxc{gif di} IDKOCZg}nlnrr Fn{zi}`r/Uc}{GG8 Clji}g{ao Kntnliuonf{,‟ GNNN Zg}nlnrrBioo~f&, til& ;, uu& 4=>‒42;, Oc}&=55>&P3>_& X& Acf, X& Hg, cfk @& Lg~, “Dcg} O~l{g~rn} BacffnlCllibc{gif di} IDKOC Fn{zi}`r ^rgfj Fcra Mc}jcgfgfj Ril~{gifrcfk Biclg{gifr,‟ GNNN [}cfr& if Bioo~f&,uu& 3244‒32:4, C~j& =55>&P34_& ]& Kgfgr, K& Dclbifn}, B&[& Lco, cfk O& Rcmmcjagcf, “CO~l{guln Cbbnrr Rbanon di} {an ûlgf` id M}ickmcfk Zg}nlnrrRwr{nor,‟ U}ib& GNNN JLIMNBIO ‗5;, til&4, Kcllcr, [Q, uu& 2151‒ 213=, Knb& =55;&P3:_& H& Lgo, A&J& Ow~fj, cfk K&H& Jiikocf, “U}iui}{gifcl Dcg} Rbank~lgfj id ûlgf` Rgfjln/Bc}}gn} DKOC Rwr{nor,‟ {i mn u}nrnf{nkc{ [an 3:{a Cff~cl GNNN Gf{n}fc{gifcl Rwouirg~o if Un}rifcl, Gfkii} cfk Oimgln ]ckgi Bioo~fgbc{gifr !UGO]B‑54', Anlrgf`g, Dgflcfk,Rnu& =554&P31_& zzz&jiijln&bioP37_& rzzz&zg`gunkgc&bio







GRMF8 7:1/13/7=5>:>/:/4 88 kig8 35&¥:21:=)GRMFY5:41

CBO "8 kmn}&gon}c&35&¥:21:=

Rgo~lc{gif id CIKT ]i~{gfj U}i{ibil

Cragra Bac~}crgc

Crr{&U}idnrri}

Jwcf Jcfjc Gfr{g{~{n id [nbafilijw $ Rbgnfbnr , Hcmclu~}

Cmr{}cb{ / [an j}iz{a id lcu{iur cfk 15=&33)Zg/Dg zg}nlnrr

fn{zi}`gfj actn ockn OCFN[r c uiu~lc} }nrnc}ba

{iugb rgfbn {an ogk/ {i lc{n 3775r& Ocfw cbcknogb ucun}r

ntcl~c{n u}i{ibilr cfk cmglg{gnr crr~ogfj tc}wgfj knj}nnr id

oimglg{w zg{agf c mi~fknk rucbn, ~r~cllw zg{a cll fiknr

zg{agf c dnz aiur id ncba i{an} cfk ~r~cllw zg{a fiknr

rnfkgfj kc{c c{ c bifr{cf{ }c{n& Kgddn}nf{ u}i{ibilr c}n {anf

ntcl~c{nk mcrnk if {an ucb`n{ k}iu }c{n, {an itn}anck

gf{}ik~bnk mw {an }i~{gfj u}i{ibil, cfk i{an} oncr~}nr& Gf {agr ucun} zn c}n oncr~}gfj {an {a}i~jau~{ id

CIKT u}i{ibil gf kgddn}nf{ rbnfc}gir&

& @nwzi}kr8 OCFN[, Zg/Dg, }i~{gfj, {a}i~jau~{, zg}nlnrr

fn{zi}`

G& GF[]IK^B[GIF

C Oimgln Ck aib FN[zi}` !OCFN[',

rion{gonr bcllnk c oimgln onra fn{zi}`, gr c rnld/

bifdgj~}gfj fn{zi}` id oimgln kntgbnr biffnb{nk mw

zg}nlnrr lgf`r& Ncba kntgbn gf c OCFN[ gr d}nn {i oitn

gfknunfknf{lw gf cfw kg}nb{gif, cfk zgll {an}ndi}n

bacfjn g{r lgf`r {i i{an} kntgbnr d}ns~nf{lw& Ncba o~r{

di}zc}k {}cddgb ~f}nlc{nk {i g{r izf ~rn, cfk {an}ndi}n mnc }i~{n}& [an u}goc}w bacllnfjn gf m~glkgfj c

OCFN[ gr ns~guugfj ncba kntgbn {i bif{gf~i~rlw

ocgf{cgf {an gfdi}oc{gif }ns~g}nk {i u}iun}lw }i~{n {}cddgb&

R~ba fn{zi}`r ocw iun}c{n mw {anornltnr i} ocw mn

biffnb{nk {i {an lc}jn} Gf{n}fn{&OCFN[r c}n c `gfk id

zg}nlnrr ck aib fn{zi}`rP3_P4_ {ac{ ~r~cllw acr c

}i~{ncmln fn{zi}`gfj nftg}ifonf{ if {iu id c Lgf` Lcwn}

ck aib fn{zi}`& [anw c}n clri c {wun id onra fn{zi}`,

m~{ ocfw onra fn{zi}`r c}n fi{ oimgln i} fi{ zg}nlnrr&

3&3 Oimgln Ck/aib Fn{zi}`

OCFN[ P=_P2_P;_ gr c `gfk id zg}nlnrr ck/aib fn{zi}`

cfk g{ gr c rnld/bifdgj~}gfj fn{zi}` id oimgln

}i~{n}r !cfk crribgc{nk air{r' biffnb{nk mw zg}nlnrr lgf`r

‒ {an ~fgif id zagba di}or cf c}mg{}c}w {iuilijw& [an

}i~{n}r, {an uc}{gbguc{gfj fiknr cb{ cr }i~{n}, c}n d}nn {i

oitn }cfkiolw cfk ocfcjn {anornltnr c}mg{}c}glw0 {a~r,

{an fn{zi}`*r zg}nlnrr {iuilijw ocw bacfjn }cugklw cfk

~fu}nkgb{cmlw& R~ba c fn{zi}` ocw iun}c{n gf c

r{cfkclifn dcragif, i} ocw mn biffnb{nk {i {an lc}jn}

Gf{n}fn{& Oimgln ck aib fn{zi}` gr c billnb{gif id

gfknunfknf{ oimgln fiknr {ac{ bcf bioo~fgbc{n {i ncba

i{an} tgc }ckgi zctnr& [an oimgln fiknr bcf kg}nb{lwbioo~fgbc{n {i {airn fiknr {ac{ c}n gf }ckgi }cfjn id

ncba i{an}, zan}ncr i{an}r fiknr fnnk {an anlu id

gf{n}onkgc{n fiknr {i }i~{n {ang} ucb`n{r& [anrn

fn{zi}`r c}n d~llw kgr{}gm~{nk, cfk bcf zi}` c{ cfw ulcbn

zg{ai~{ {an cgk id cfw gfd}cr{}~b{~}n& [agr u}iun}{w

oc`nr {anrn fn{zi}`r agjalw }im~r{&

Dgj~}n 3&3& OCFN[ id 3; Oimgln Fiknr

GG& CK/AIB IF KNOCFK KGR[CFBN

TNB[I] ]I^[GFJ !CIKT'

Ck aib If/Knocfk Kgr{cfbn Tnb{i} !CIKT'

}i~{gfj gr c }i~{gfj u}i{ibil di} OCFN[r cfk i{an}

zg}nlnrr ck/aib fn{zi}`r P2_P:_& G{ gr c }ncb{gtn }i~{gfj

u}i{ibil, oncfgfj {ac{ g{ nr{cmlgranr c }i~{n {i c

knr{gfc{gif iflw if knocfk& Gf bif{}cr{, {an oir{

biooif }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr id {an Gf{n}fn{ c}n

u}icb{gtn, oncfgfj {anw dgfk }i~{gfj uc{ar





Uc}con{n} Tcl~n F~omn} id fiknr :

Rgo~lc{gif [gon 3>¥rnb

Uc~rn [gon >or

Nftg}ifonf{ Rgxn 3555(3555

[}cfrogrrgif ]cfjn =>5¥o

[}cddgb Rgxn TM]¥!¥Tc}gcmln¥Mg{ ]c{n'

gfknunfknf{lw id {an ~rcjn id {an uc{ar& CIKT gr, cr

{an fcon gfkgbc{nr, c kgr{cfbn/tnb{i} }i~{gfj u}i{ibil&

CIKT ctigkr {an bi~f{gfj/{i/gfdgfg{w u}imlno id

i{an} kgr{cfbn/tnb{i} u}i{ibilr mw ~rgfj rns~nfbn

f~omn}r if }i~{n ~ukc{nr, c {nbafgs~n ugifnn}nk

mw KRKT& CIKT gr bcucmln id

mi{a ~fgbcr{ cfk o~l{gbcr{ }i~{gfj&

Gf CIKTP:_P1_{an fn{zi}` gr rglnf{ ~f{gl c

biffnb{gif gr fnnknk& C{ {ac{ uigf{ {an fn{zi}` fikn

{ac{ fnnkr c biffnb{gif m}ickbcr{r c }ns~nr{ di}

biffnb{gif& I{an} CIKT fiknr di}zc}k {agr onrrcjn,

cfk }nbi}k {an fikn {ac{ {anw anc}k g{ d}io, b}nc{gfj cf

nqulirgif id {noui}c}w }i~{nr mcb` {i {an fnnkw fikn&

Zanf c fikn }nbngtnr r~ba c onrrcjn cfk cl}nckw acr

c }i~{n {i {an knrg}nk fikn, g{ rnfkr c onrrcjn

mcb`zc}kr {a}i~ja c {noui}c}w }i~{n {i {an }ns~nr{gfj

fikn& [an fnnkw fikn {anf mnjgfr ~rgfj {an }i~{n {ac{

acr {an lncr{ f~omn} id aiur {a}i~ja i{an} fiknr&

^f~rnk nf{}gnr gf {an }i~{gfj {cmlnr c}n }nbwblnk cd{n}

c {gon&

Zanf c lgf` dcglr, c }i~{gfj n}}i} gr ucrrnk mcb` {i c

{}cfrog{{gfj fikn, cfk {an u}ibnrr }nunc{r&

Dgj~}n =&3&8 Zi}`gfj id CIKT

GGG& RGO^LC[GIF $ ]NR^L[R

2&3 c Un}di}ocfbn On{}gbr

[a}i~jau~{ ‛ [an }c{gi id {an f~omn}id kc{c ucb`n{r rnf{ cfk {an f~omn} id kc{c

ucb`n{r }nbngtnk&

m&Rgo~lc{gif Uc}con{n}r

Zn actn {c`nf ifn If/knocfk !]ncb{gtn'

}i~{gfj u}i{ibilr, fconlw CIKT&& Di} cll {an

rgo~lc{gifr, {an f~omn} id {}cddgb ri~}bnr zcr {c`nf

di} > cfk : fiknr, {an ocqgo~o runnk id {an fiknr

zcr rn{ {i =5o)r cfk {an rgo~lc{gif {gon zcr dgqnk cr35r&

Rbnfc}gi 3

¥

Uc}con{n} Tcl~n

F~omn} id fiknr >

Rgo~lc{gif [gon 35¥rnb

Uc~rn [gon >or

Nftg}ifonf{ Rgxn 3555(3555

[}cfrogrrgif ]cfjn =>5¥o

[}cddgb Rgxn TM]¥¥ !¥¥ Tc}gcmln¥ Mg{

]c{n'

Ucb`n{ Rgxn >3=¥mw{nr

Ucb`n{ ]c{n >¥ucb`n{r)r

Ocqgo~o¥Runnk =5¥o)r

Rgo~lc{i} fr―=&23

[cmln 2&38 Rbnfc}gi 3 di} goulnonf{c{gif id CIKT

Dgj~}n 2&38 Q J}cua id {a}i~jau~{ !CIKT' di} > fiknr

Rbnfc}gi =





¥

Ucb`n{¥Rgxn >3=¥mw{nr

Ucb`n{¥]c{n >¥ucb`n{r)r

Ocqgo~o¥Runnk =5¥o)r

Rgo~lc{i} fr―=&23

[cmln 2&=8 Rbnfc}gi = di} goulnonf{c{gif id CIKT

Dgj~}n 2&=8 Q J}cua id {a}i~jau~{ !CIKT' di} : fiknr

GT& BIFBL^RGIF

[a}i~jau~{ jcgf gr ocqgo~o zanf CIKT

u}i{ibil ~rnk di} lnrr fiknr cfk knb}ncrnr cr {an fikn

gfb}ncrnr&

]NDN]NFBNR

P3_& Gcf K& Bac`n}nr cfk Nlgxcmn{a O& Mnlkgfj/ ]iwn}&

-CIKT ]i~{gfj U}i{ibilGoulnonf{c{gif Knrgjf&- U}ibnnkgfjr id {an Gf{n}fc{gifcl

Zi}`raiu if Zg}nlnrr Ck Aib Fn{zi}`gfj !ZZCF',

[i`wi, Hcucf, Oc}ba

P=_& Nlgxcmn{a O& Mnlkgfj/]iwn}& -]nui}{ if {an

c& CIKT Gf{n}iu&- ^BRM [nba ]nui}{ =55=/31,

H~fn =55=&

P2_& Nlgxcmn{a O& ]iwn} cfk Bac}lnr N&c& Un}`gfr& -[}cfrogrrgif ]cfjn Nddnb{r

if CIKT O~l{gbcr{Bioo~fgbc{gif&- [i Cuunc} gf CBO

Oimgln Fn{zi}`r cfk Cuulgbc{gifr

runbgcl grr~n if O~l{guigf{ Bioo~fgbc{gif gf

Zg}nlnrr Oimgln Fn{zi}`r&

P;_& Rcog} ]& Kcr, Bac}lnr N& Un}`gfr, Nlgxcmn{a O&]iwn} cfk Ocanra @& Oc}gfc&

-Un}di}ocfbn Biouc}grif id [zi If/knocfk ]i~{gfjU}i{ibilr di} Ck aib Fn{zi}`r&- GNNN Un}rifcl

Bioo~fgbc{gifr Ocjcxgfn runbgcl grr~n ifCk aib Fn{zi}`gfj, Dnm}~c}w =553, u& 34/=1&

P>_& Nlgxcmn{a O& ]iwn} cfk

Bac}lnr N&

P4_& Un}`gfr& -Cf Goulnonf{c{gif R{~kw id {anCIKT ]i~{gfj U}i{ibil&- U}ibnnkgfjr id {an GNNN

Zg}nlnrr Bioo~fgbc{gifr cfk

Fn{zi}`gfj Bifdn}nfbn, Bagbcji, GL,

Rnu{nomn} =555&

P:_& Rcog} ]& Kcr, Bac}lnr N& Un}`gfr,

cfk Nlgxcmn{a O& ]iwn}& -Un}di}ocfbn Biouc}grif id [zi If/knocfk ]i~{gfj U}i{ibilr di}

Ck Aib Fn{zi}`r&-

U}ibnnkgfjr id {an GNNN Bifdn}nfbn if

Biou~{n} Bioo~fgbc{gifr !GFDIBIO', [nl Ctgt,

Gr}cnl, Oc}ba =555, u& 2/3=&P1_& Nlgxcmn{a O& ]iwn} cfk

Bac}lnr N&

P7_& Un}`gfr& -O~l{gbcr{ Iun}c{gif id {an Ck aib

P35_& If/Knocfk Kgr{cfbn Tnb{i}

]i~{gfj U}i{ibil&- U}ibnnkgfjr id

OimgBio *77, Rnc{{ln, ZC, C~j~r{ 3777, uu& =5:/=31&P33_& Bac}lnr N& Un}`gfr cfk

Nlgxcmn{a O&P3=_& ]iwn}& -Ck aib If/Knocfk Kgr{cfbn Tnb{i} ]i~{gfj&-

U}ibnnkgfjr id {an =fk GNNN Zi}`raiu if

Oimgln Biou~{gfj Rwr{nor cfk Cuulgbc{gifr, FnzI}lncfr, LC, Dnm}~c}w

P32_& 3777, uu&

75/355&






Til~on 3& Biuw}gja{ § =53= [nbafi Di}~o J}i~u, Gfkgc&GRMF8 7:1/13/7=5>:>/:/4 88 kig8 35& :27:5)GRMFY5:41

CBO "8 kmn}&gon}c&35& :27:5

C OIKGDGNK BL^R[N] MCRNK BIIUN]C[GTN RUNB[]^O RNFRGFJ

CLJI]G[AO ^RGFJ KNOUR[N]/RACDN] [ANI]W

U}id& K}& C& T& @~l`c}fg, ClgCrjn} R& Jcm~hg, Fg`agl C& Cjc}zcl, J& Uczcf @~oc}&

Knu{& id Nlnb{}ifgbr $ [nlnbioo~fgbc{gif,Uck& K}& K& W& Uc{gl Gfr{g{~{n Id Nfjgfnn}gfj $ [nbafilijw,

U~fn, Gfkgc&

Cmr{}cb{ ‛ Gf bijfg{gtn }ckgi rwr{nor, rnbifkc}w ~rn}r bcf mn

bii}kgfc{nk {i un}di}o biiun}c{gtn runb{}~o rnfrgfj ri cr {i

kn{nb{ {an u}goc}w ~rn}r oi}n cbb~}c{nlw& C tc}gn{w id dcb{i}r

r~ba cr agkknf fikn u}imlno, knnu dckgfj $ rackizgfj

kn{n}gi}c{n {an rnfrgfj un}di}ocfbn id {an bijfg{gtn ~rn}r&

Bl~r{n} mcrnk rnfrgfj on{aik ckk}nrrnr {anrn u}imlnor {i c

j}nc{ nq{nf{& Gf {agr on{aik {an libc{gifr id cll {an ~rn}r c}n

dgqnk zan}n rnbifkc}w ~rn}r c}n rnuc}c{nk gf{i c dnz bl~r{n}r

cfk {an oir{ dcti}cmln ~rn} gf ncba bl~r{n} gr rnlnb{nk {i }nui}{{i {an biooif }nbngtn}& [an knbgrgifr c}n ockn mw {an

biooif }nbngtn} biouc}gfj zg{a c rgfjln {a}nrailk tcl~n

zan}n cll {an dcti}cmln ~rn}r actn ns~cl u}gi}g{w gf knbgrgif

oc`gfj& Gf {agr ucun} zn actn u}iuirnk c zngja{ mcrnk

knbgrgif oc`gfj clji}g{ao ~rgfj ki~mln {a}nrailk {nbafgs~n

bifrgkn}gfj kwfcogb libc{gifr id {an ~rn}r& F~on}gbcl }nr~l{r

raiz {ac{ {an rnfrgfj un}di}ocfbn gr gou}itnk rgjfgdgbcf{lw cr

iuuirnk {i biftnf{gifcl on{aik&

@nwzi}kr ‒ Knour{n}/Racdn} [ani}w, Zngja{nk bl~r{n}r,Billcmi}c{gtn knbgrgif oc`gfj&

G& GF[]IK^B[GIF

Bijfg{gtn }ckgi gr c uc}ckgjo di} Zg}nlnrr Bioo~fgbc{gifgf zagba ng{an} c fn{zi}` i} zg}nlnrr fikn bacfjnr g{r

{}cfrogrrgif i} }nbnu{gif uc}con{n}r {i bioo~fgbc{n

nddgbgnf{lw ctigkgfj gf{n}dn}nfbn zg{a lgbnfrnk i} ~flgbnfrnk

~rn}r& [agr cl{n}c{gif id uc}con{n}r gr mcrnk if {an cb{gtn

oifg{i}gfj id rntn}cl dcb{i}r gf {an nq{n}fcl cfk gf{n}fcl

}ckgi nftg}ifonf{, r~ba cr }ckgi d}ns~nfbw runb{}~o, ~rn}

mnactgi} cfk fn{zi}` r{c{n P3_&

[ikcw‗r zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`r c}n bac}cb{n}gxnk mw c dgqnk

runb{}~o crrgjfonf{ uilgbw& Aizntn}, c lc}jn ui}{gif id {an

crrgjfnk runb{}~o gr ~rnk rui}ckgbcllw cfk jnij}cuagbcl

tc}gc{gifr gf {an ~{glgxc{gif id crrgjfnk runb{}~o }cfjnr

d}io 3>. {i 1>. zg{a c agja tc}gcfbn gf {gon& [an lgog{nk

ctcglcmln runb{}~o cfk {an gfnddgbgnfbw gf {an runb{}~o~rcjn fnbnrrg{c{n c fnz bioo~fgbc{gif uc}ckgjo {i nqulig{

{an nqgr{gfj zg}nlnrr runb{}~o iuui}{~fgr{gbcllw& [agr fnz

fn{zi}`gfj uc}ckgjo gr }ndn}}nk {i cr FnQ{ Jnfn}c{gif !qJ'

Fn{zi}`r cr znll cr Kwfcogb Runb{}~o Cbbnrr !KRC' cfk

bijfg{gtn }ckgi fn{zi}`r&

[an qJ fn{zi}` d~fb{gifr c}n kgtgknk cr runb{}~o

ocfcjnonf{, runb{}~o oimglg{w cfk runb{}~o rac}gfj&

D}io {an c}bag{nb{~}n knrb}gu{gif, bijfg{gtn }ckgi fn{zi}`r

bi}}nruifk {i fn{zi}`r zan}n c fikn fnnkr {i rnfrn g{r

r~}}i~fkgfjr {i kn{n}ogfn {an u}iun} d}nn runb{}~o,

uirrgmlw zg{a anlu d}io i{an} bijfg{gtn fiknr, cfk

rgo~l{cfni~rlw }nrunb{gfj {an u}gi}g{w id {an u}goc}w ~rn}r&

P33_&

[an ochi} oi{gtc{gif di} {agr gr {an anctglw ~fkn}~{glgxnk

d}ns~nfbw runb{}~o& [an kntnliuonf{ gr mngfj u~rank

di}zc}k mw {an }cugk cktcfbnr gf rid{zc}n kndgfnk }ckgi

{nbafilijw zagba nfcmln c runb{}~o cjgln cfk agjalw

bifdgj~}cmln }ckgi {}cfrog{{n})}nbngtn}&

GG& RWR[NO OIKNL

Kgr{}gm~{nk Runb{}~o Rnfrgfj !KRR'

Bc}}wgfj i~{ }nlgcmln runb{}~o rnfrgfj gr c bacllnfjgfj

{cr` di} c B]& Gf c zg}nlnrr bacffnl, rgjfcl dckgfj bcf bc~rn

}nbngtnk rgjfcl r{}nfj{a {i mn rgjfgdgbcf{lw lizn} {acf zac{

gr u}nkgb{nk mw uc{a lirr oiknlr& [an nddnb{ id dckgfj bcf

}nr~l{ gf {an “agkknf fikn u}imlno‟& P1_ [an agkknf fikn

u}imlno gf {an bif{nq{ id B] fn{zi}`r bcf mn knrb}gmnk cr

cf gfr{cfbn gf zagba c rnbifkc}w gf c B] fn{zi}` gr zg{agf

{an u}i{nb{gif }njgif id cf iun}c{gfj gfb~omnf{ m~{ dcgl {i

kn{nb{ {an nqgr{nfbn id {an gfb~omnf{& Mnrgknr {an agkknf

fikn u}imlno, g{ gr clri uirrgmln di} c rnbifkc}w {i dclrnlwkn{nb{ cf gfb~omnf{ mnbc~rn id figrn i} gf{n}dn}nfbn gf {an

zg}nlnrr nftg}ifonf{& ]nbnf{ }nrnc}ba }nr~l{r gfkgbc{n {ac{

{anrn u}imlnor bcf mn ckk}nrrnk mw }ns~g}gfj o~l{guln

rnbifkc}w‗r {i biiun}c{n zg{a ncba i{an} gf runb{}~o

rnfrgfj‛g&n&, KRR& Gf KRR, ncba rnbifkc}w cb{r cr c

rnfrgfj {n}ogfcl {ac{ bifk~b{r libcl runb{}~o rnfrgfj& [an

libcl }nr~l{r c}n }nui}{nk {i c kc{c billnb{i} !i} “d~rgif

bnf{n}‟' {ac{ nqnb~{nr kc{c d~rgif cfk kn{n}ogfnr {an dgfcl

runb{}~o rnfrgfj }nr~l{&P=_P2_ [an cuulgbc{gif id KRR

}ns~g}nr {ac{ {an kgr{cfbn mn{znnf cfw {zi rnfrgfj {n}ogfclr

gr rocll }nlc{gtn {i {ang} kgr{cfbnr d}io c u}goc}w {}cfrog{{n}

!{wugbcllw c [T {}cfrog{{n}'& Gf cf ck aib B] fn{zi}`, {agr

oncfr {ac{ zanf c fikn fnnkr {i bifk~b{ runb{}~o rnfrgfj,g{ mnbionr c kc{c billnb{i} cfk billnb{r libcl rnfrgfj }nui}{r

d}io fngjami}gfj fiknr& [an kc{c c}n nqbacfjnk gf c

bif{}il bacffnl& [an bif{}il bacffnl bcf mn ng{an} c

biooif bif{}il bacffnl rac}nk mw cll ~rn}r !r~ba cr gf {an

OCB u}i{ibil di} B] fn{zi}`r' i} c “libcl‟ j}i~u bif{}il

bacffnl {ac{ gr ~rnk iflw mw fngjami}gfj fiknr di}

bioo~fgbc{gifr&P;_

[i dcbglg{c{n i~} kgrb~rrgif, zn oiknl {an KRR u}ibnrr cr

c uc}cllnl d~rgif fn{zi}`& Gf {agr F5 gr c kc{c billnb{i},

Fg !g ? 5, 3, =, & & & ,o, zan}n o gr {an f~omn} id F 5‗r

fngjami}gfj rnfrgfj {n}ogfclr' knfi{nr ifn id F5‗r rnfrgfj

{n}ogfclr !F5 gr mi{a c kc{c billnb{i} cfk c rnfrgfj

{n}ogfcl', wg }nu}nrnf{r {an gfb~omnf{ rgjfcl }nbngtnk c{ Fg,

cfk ~g gr {an libcl runb{}~o rnfrgfj }nui}{ {ac{ Fg rnfkr {i

F5& [an i~{u~{ ~ gr {an dgfcl rnfrgfj knbgrgif, zagba gr c





g

g

gfc}w tc}gc

gfb~omnf{ rg

d~rgif u}iml

awui{anrgr {nw A5 cfk A3

rgoulgdw {an

{ac{ runb{}~o

cfk& P=_P2_

&Knbgrgif d~G{ }n

{a}nrailk tcl

+ 3 fnnkr {

} ns~cl {i {a

ibb~ugnk‟, g

cfk gr kn{n}

g&n&,

Knu

d~rgif bcf ac

[anrn }~ln

ftg}ifonf{r&

{a}nrailk {nb

P>_ P:_

&Knour{n}/R

An}n zn rn{

zagba oc`nr{}nfj{ar, }nb

}nlgcmln {acf

goulnonf{c{g

n{aik gf z

r{}nfj{a tcl~

[an knbgrgif

nbgrgif clji

c`gfj&

GGG

ln / c “ifn

fcl, cfk c “xn

o {an}ndi}n

{gfj u}imlno3& Bi}}nruifk

grb~rrgifr, {

rnfrgfj gr b

gif8s~g}nr {an kc{

n {ac{ gr fi l

mn runbgdgnk

n {a}nrailk, {

&n&, ~ ? 3 cf

gfnk {i mn “d

? 5 cfk A5 g

fkgfj if {an

n rntn}cl tc}g

C {a}nra

d~rgif }~l

c tcl~n

}~ln,

cfk c t

d~rgif }~l

r bcf iflw

& [an}ndi}n

afgs~n mcrn

acdn} [ani}w

~u {zi {a}nr

libcl knbgrgngtnk c{ cll

cll {an i{an}

f c Zngja{

agba liznr{

r dcllgfj mn{

r c}n ockn

g{aor mi{a, u

G& CLJI]G

‟ knfi{nr {

}i‟ knfi{nr g{

bcf mn }nj

zg{a {zi awugfjlw, ncba ~

n dillizgfj

c}}gnk i~{ gf

c billnb{i} {i

nrr {acf ifn

& Gd {an r~o i

anf {an dgfcl

k A3 gr cbbn

lliz‟,

r cbbnu{nk&

tcl~n id {an

gcf{r&

ilk tcl~n id

n,

id !o+3' gr

l~n id !o+3

n&

mn di}o~l

n actn gou

if Knou

ilkr di} nfn}

ifr knunfkg{an B]r& [ag

n{aikr& [i

crnk {nbafg

ngja{ gr crrg

nnf {an {zi

rns~nf{gcllw

iuirnk cr Bi

[AO ) DLI

n u}nrnfbn

r cmrnfbn& [a

}knk cr c

i{anrnr }nu}ng gr clri mgfc

kgrb~rrgif cr

c rgfjln run

r~o ~u cll ~

cfk fi j}nc{n

d ~g‗r gr j}nc{n

rnfrgfj knbgr

{nk0 i{an}zg

{a}nrailk, kn

ifn gr cf

cf “CFK‟

=' gr c “Och

c{nk gf fig

lnonf{nk c k

r{n}/Racdn} {

w kn{nb{gif c

fj if {angr on{aik gr

c`n g{ r~g{cm

~n gr ckknk

jfnk {i {an

{a}nrailkr P>

~rgfj ac}k

llcmi}c{gtn kn

BAC][

id cf

n kc{c

gfc}w

nf{nkw& [i

~onr

b{}~o

g‗r& C

} {acf

} {acf

gif gr

n {an

bgrgif

“I]‟

~rgif

i}g{w‟

rnlnrr

i~mln

ni}w&

{ R^r,

rgjfcloi}n

ln di}

{i {an

rgjfcl

_P3=_&

rid{

bgrgif

[

oi

k~}

cb{g

Cr

[a

gr

dcll

b&R

[

bl~

d}n

B]

an u}iuirnk

k~lnr knugb{

gfj {an rnfrg

gif cr runbgdg

~ou{gifr 8

Ocqgo

? =: k

Ocqgo

? 5 {i /

MCFK

ibb~ugn

MCFKoikn}c{

MCFKibb~ugn

jnij}cuagbc

conk cr c bl

gfj gf {an bl~

cf [nr{ 8

an mcrn r{c{gi

r{n} anckr di

~nfbw zagb

r& [an MR b

lji}g{ao gr kg

{an cb{gtg{gn

j cb{gif& [a

k mnliz&

gj 3& Dlizba

o {}cfrogrrg

o ? >55 oo }nbnu{gif

15 kMo ? 35

!nj8/ 7;2&3

k d}ns~nfbgnr&

GG !nj8/ 7;nlw ibb~ugnk

GGG !nj8/ 7;k d}ns~nfbgnr&

l }njgif gr kg

~r{n}& C kc{c

{n}r gr billnb{

f !MR' bifk~

}nrunb{gtn b

gr }nbngtnk

clb~lc{nr {an

tgknk gf{i rgq

r ~fkn}{c`nf

~r {anw }nu}n

c}{ ) Oik~lnr

if uizn} id

& P7_uizn} id c

5 uZ& P7_

Ax {i 7;;

&

&3 OAx {id}ns~nfbgnr&

5 {i 7;2& P35_

gknk gf ` rnb

crn id cll {a

nk cfk ~ukc{n

b{r c rbcf {nr

l~r{n}r& [an

$ }n/{}cfro

kgr{cfbn id

oik~lnr& [a

mw {an rwr{

rnf{ {an dliz

c bnll~lc} ua

bnll~lc} ua

Ax' cr ruc}r

7;4 OAx'

Ax' cr anct

{i}r& Ncba rnb

bijfg{gtn ~r

k&

{ di} knrgjfc{g

MR m}ickbcr{

g{{nk mw cll

ncba B] ~rg

rn

no

id

fn

fn

nlw

cr

glw

{i}

n}r

gfj

r c

{an

gfj





zagba g{ bclb~lc{nr {an zngja{ id ncba B] id ncba bl~r{n} mw

~rgfj {an dillizgfj di}o~lc 8

Zngja{Pg_ ? kgr{cfbnPg_ ( rgjfcl r{}nfj{aPg_

[an B] actgfj ocqgo~o zngja{ gr knrgjfc{nk cr {an

bl~r{n} anck id {an }nrunb{gtn bl~r{n}&

Zngja{r id {an gfkgtgk~cl bl~r{n}r c}n bclb~lc{nk cr dillizr 8

Ctn}cjn zngja{r id cll {an B]r gf c bl~r{n} gr bclb~lc{nk

$ {an bl~r{n} actgfj ocqgo~o ctn}cjn zngja{ gr crrgjfnk

{an agjanr{ u}gi}g{w gf knbgrgif oc`gfj&

[an runb{}~o gr rns~nf{gcllw rbcffnk mw cll {an B]r gf {an

}nrunb{gtn i}kn} mn{znnf {an }cfjnr,

MCFK G cr ruc}rnlw ibb~ugnk d}ns~nfbgnr,

MCFK GG cr oikn}c{nlw ibb~ugnk d}ns~nfbgnr,

MCFK GGG cr anctglw ibb~ugnk d}ns~nfbgnr&

Gd cll {an d}ns~nfbgnr c}n ibb~ugnk, {anf {an fn{zi}` r{cwr

bifjnr{nk zagba gr c }c}n bcrn&

^rgfj {an Knour{n}/Racdn} [ani}w $ Ac}k) Rid{ knbgrgif

bifbnu{,

Gd {an rgjfcl r{}nfj{a }nbngtnk mw {an B] <? /:5 kMo , B]

rnfkr c *5* {i g{r bl~r{n} anck

Gd {an rgjfcl r{}nfj{a }nbngtnk mw {an B] 6? /35 kMo , B]

rnfkr c *3* {i g{r bl~r{n} anck

Gd {an rgjfcl r{}nfj{a }nbngtnk mw {an B] lgnr mn{znnf /35 $

/:5 kMo, B] rnfkr {an }nbngtnk rgjfcl r{}nfj{a {i {an

bl~r{n} anck&Fiz {an bl~r{n} anck bclb~lc{nr {an . id B]r bifbl~kgfj

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biftn}rgif r

{an bifdgj~}

an CU o~r{biftn}rgifr&

f dglnr, `nw lg

}n/grr~n bif{

lgtn} g{ {i {a

n} zgll grr~n

CU& [an CU

nfk c biuw {

{an bifdgj~

n CU, ri {ac{

rgif {ac{ g{ a

n fnz tn}rgi

ddnlgfj Onbac

cfk {an `nw

gba oncfr {a

n dg}r{ rli{ c

ji}g{ao& Rnb

lgr{ cfk ri if

n }nbngtn} rgk

OGBRR d}i

{ac{ zgll mnnw lgr{ id {ag

b}wu{ {an on

jn{ {an ra~d

ki {an ra~d

wlick {i {zi

nfn}c{n {an

jnfn}c{nk

j}g{w id {an

bbnrr uigf{r

}tn}& G{ acr {

c{gif dglnr di

ctn c jiikORR fnnkr r

gr{r cfk ra~dd

}il ucb`n{ {i

ORR bif{}i

{an fnz dgln

zgll `nnu c b

{an cuuigf{

}c{gif dglnr

g{ zgll }nulcb

k& [an fikn

cfk }nrn{ cll

gro&

cfk {an ra~ddl

{ {an dg}r{ {g

k {an dg}r{ u

fk {gon {an r

~f{gl {an nfk&

n, {an }nbngt

{an onrrcj

~rnk {i knb}wr clji}g{ao c

rrcjn& [an }n

lgfj }iz d}i

lgfj, cd{n} {a

uc}{r !onrrc

GB di} {an o

GB zg{a {a

nrrcjn&

iun}c{gifr8 [

n c~{ai}g{w {i

} ifn fikn i

}ibnrrgfj uin}tn} {i grr~

ln {cmlnr& Cfw

{an CU, zag

l rn}tn}& [an

r fnnknk cfk

iuw id {an dgl

nk fikn& [an

fk grr~n c b

n {an ilk dgln

zgll }nulcbn {

{an bi~f{n}r&

n kc{c

n {an

gf{nk

nbifk

} zgll

& [an

u{ {ank @R

bngtn}

{an

c{ {an

n cfk

rrcjn

ifn

an CU

grr~n

ntnf

n} {ifnz

fikn

a {an

ORR

rnfk

nr di}

fikn

if{}il

r zg{a

n ilk

Rli

ifacbrlifiun}biun}mnboncuuzglORra~

[g}nd m}cfcf~rnf{an“}n“]

cb{

ORR knunfk{r cfk un}o~{

m~{ di~} cl`n} i} gf{}~kn{r bifdgj~}c{gn gf {an fn{zo~{c{gif& G{mgfnk zg{a

o~{c{gif id {ac~rn gd ifn icfr, ORR bnc}cfbn id {al znc`nf {anR acr riltnkddlgfj {an OG

[CMLN GG&

Lgr{ cfk f~onr, rgfjln/r}nfbnk gf {an

b`n{r, di} nqn!r' id nkg{imn} bg{c{gif

{nfbn u~fb{~c}ndn}nfbn f~

dn}nfbn P2_‟dn}nfbn P2_ zF~omn} dii{

~cl dii{fi{n c

T& BI

if Un}o~{cc{gif id Ra~dd

i}g{aor {i n} fnnkr {i knfr, `nw lgr{ri}`& ORR kiknunfkr if{an un}o~{

n ra~ddlgfj {cd {an clji}g{acf bi~f{n}c{ clji}g{ao gr{}nfj{a id {agr {an r{c{gbmg{r gfrgkn {

BIOUC]GRIF MN

]ND

mn} cll mgmlgicbnk, c{ {an{nq{, nfblirnouln P3_& Z}r id }ndn}nf

bifrnb~{gtn{gif dillizr {omn}, cr gf Pnqbnu{ c{ {cr {an dg}r{ & &fi{nr rnuc}c{{ {an mi{{io

FBL^RGIF

{gif id `nwr,lgfj [cmlnr& M

b}wu{ cfk kgrn c oncf {cfk ra~ddlgfr fi{ knunfk

{an un}o~{c{g{gif id {anlnr& ORR gr cr gr di~fk {

g{r nddnb{ mf {an bifdgj~n ORR& Cfi{lcbnonf{ id n i}gjgfcl on

[ZNNF ZNU =,

N]NFBNR }cuagbcl }ndnnfk id wi

{an bg{c{gif fan}n cuu}iu}gnk mii`r& [lw zg{agf m}an m}cb`n{ P=_2_‛ki fi{ ~n mnjgffgfj&‟lw gf r~un}rd {an bil~of

Un}o~{c{gifw ~rgfj fi{ i

b}wu{ zg{a,j~nrr {an nq{cmlnr di} n

iflw if {anif id {an `

rli{r cfklri ocgf{cgfc

m}i`nf mww knfwgfjc{gif rli{r& [

an} u}imlno {{an OGB mg{rrrcjn&

UC = CFK ORR

nfbnr gf 7/ui} ucun}& Z~omn} gf rs~gc{n, gfbl~knn {noulc{n

cb`n{r P3_&& ]ndn} rgoulwrn “]nd& P2_‟id c rnf{nf

}gu{r& Ulcbngf zagba g{

id lw

fwcb{banwwr

{anmlnfw{anagrac{mw

gf{nf

c}n{angllan{ii}

bn8

{ancr





bg{nk& Ki fi{ u~{ dii{fi{nr gf {an }ndn}nfbn lgr{& ^rn ln{{n}rdi} {cmln dii{fi{nr&

^flnrr {an}n c}n rgq c~{ai}r i} oi}n jgtn cll c~{ai}r‗fconr0 ki fi{ ~rn “n{ cl&‟& Ucun}r {ac{ actn fi{ mnnfu~mlgrank, ntnf gd {anw actn mnnf r~mog{{nk di} u~mlgbc{gif,rai~lk mn bg{nk cr “~fu~mlgrank‟ P;_& Ucun}r {ac{ actn mnnfcbbnu{nk di} u~mlgbc{gif rai~lk mn bg{nk cr “gf u}nrr‟ P>_&Bcug{clgxn iflw {an dg}r{ zi}k gf c ucun} {g{ln, nqbnu{ di}u}iun} fi~fr cfk nlnonf{ rwomilr&

Di} ucun}r u~mlgrank gf {}cfrlc{gif hi~}fclr, ulncrn jgtn{an Nfjlgra bg{c{gif dg}r{, dilliznk mw {an i}gjgfcl di}ngjf/lcfj~cjn bg{c{gif P4_&

]NDN]NFBNR

P3_ GNNN8 GNNN 15=&338 Zg}nlnrr LCF Onkg~o Cbbnrr Bif{}il !OCB'cfk Uawrgbcl Lcwn} !UAW' Runbgdgbc{gifr !=55:',a{{u8))r{cfkc}kr&gnnn&i}j)cmi~{)jn{)15=)15=&33&a{ol&

P=_ Rnuna}kck, U&, Tc~knfcw, R&, T~cjfi~q, O&8 Kgrbitn}w cfkNqulig{c{gif id Fnz Mgcrnr gf ]B;& Gf8 Mg}w~`it, C&, Jifj, J&,R{gfrif, K&]& !nkr&' RCB =535& LFBR, til& 4>;;, uu& :;‒73&Ru}gfjn}, Angknlmn}j !=533'&

P2_ Rnuna}kck, U&, Tc~knfcw, R&, T~cjfi~q, O&8 R{c{gr{gbcl C{{cb` if]B; Kgr{gfj~gragfj ZUC& Cbbnu{nk c{ N^]IB]WU[ =533 !=533'&

P;_ T~cjfi~q, O&8 Biou~{n} Cgknk B}wu{cfclwrgr d}io Bguan}r {i Rgknbacffnlr& UaK {anrgr, Nbiln Uilw{nbafgs~n D»nk»n}cln kn Lc~rcffn ‛

NUDL !=535'&P>_ Zuc/Zuc=, a{{u8))zzz&lwlnmcb`noi}{&bio)mlij)=551)>)35) zuc/

zuc=/cr/gfrnb~}n/cr/g/nqunb{nk !cbbnrrnk if Oc}ba 3;, =535'&

P4_ C& A& K& Lcra`c}g, O&O&R& , Rcockg, M&, -C r~}tnw if zg}nlnrrrnb~}g{w u}i{ibilr !ZNU, ZUC cfk ZUC=)15=&33g',- Biou~{n}Rbgnfbn cfk Gfdi}oc{gif [nbafilijw, =fk GNNN Gf{n}fc{gifclBifdn}nfbn if Mnghgfj, GBBRG[ =557, uu&;1/>=, =557&&

P:_ N&H&O&C& Dglai, U&F&L& Difrnbc, O&H&R& Lng{ci, cfk U&R&D& kn Mc}}ir,“Rnb~}g{w tn}r~r Mcfkzgk{a8 [an R~uui}{ id Onbacfgror ZNU $ZUC gf 15=&33j Fn{zi}`,‟ GDGU Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn ifZg}nlnrr cfk Iu{gbcl Bioo~fgbc{gifr Fn{zi}`r, ZIBF *5:, uu& 3/>, =55:&

P1_ O& Mliba n{ cl&, “Zg}nlnrr Gfdi}oc{gif/[ani}n{gb Rnb~}g{w,‟ GNNN[}cfr& Gfdi& [ani}w, til& >;, fi& 4, H~fn =551, uu& =>3>‒2;&

P7_ R& Oc{a~} n{ cl&, “]ckgi/[nlnuc{aw8 Nq{}cb{gfj c B}wu{ij}cuagb @nwd}io cf ^fc~{anf{gbc{nk Zg}nlnrr Bacffnl,‟ 3;{a CBO OimgBio,

=551&

P35_ [nb[c}jn{& !=551'& Zg/Dg U}i{nb{nk Cbbnrr& ]n{}gntnk 5> Ocw, =551,d}io a{{u8))rnc}baoimglnbiou~{gfj&{nba{c}jn{&bio)rKndgfg{gif) 5,,rgk;5Yjbg11:2=2,55&a{ol&

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ 3=5




g

U}ib& id {

Til~on 3& B

GRMF8 7:1/

]cja~t

Knuc}{onf{

Bnf{}cl ^fg

Ch

mr{}cb{‛ C

nbafilijw {a

gddn}nf{ rnb~

c{c c}n kgddn

actn {i jcgf c

ioo~fgbc{gi

onkg~o gr fi

bbnrrnk zg{a

nb~}g{w id zg

gfbn g{r knt

zg}nlnrr fn{z

gddn}nf{ c{{cb

nb~}g{w onba

@nwzi}kr/

G& ZL

& ZLCF Rn

ZNU gr {

goulnonf{nk&ZNU mw b}wu

U}i{nb{nk Cb

crrnk, ]RF

~fkn} {an d~ll

M& Zg}nk Ns

ZNU zcr

zg}nlnrr ~rn}

zg}nk fn{zi}

rnb~}g{w lntn

rnb~}g{w lntnl

3' Aiz

cfk ntn}w k

R{}nco bgua

Gfg{gclgxc{gif

}gjgfcl ucb`

guan} zagba

guan} r{}nco

rnfkn} bcf ba

{i {an }nbngtn

n Gf{l& Bifd&

uw}gja{ § =5

3/7=5>:>/:/

CBO "8 kmn

n} Rgfja Ka

id Biou~{n}

$ Nfjj&

tn}rg{w id ]ch

on}, Gfkgc

zg}nk cfk

w ~rn {i {}c

}g{w crunb{r&

nf{ gf mi{a {

bnrr itn} {an

f g&n& zg}nr& M

fn i{an} {acf

{an anlu id ns

}nlnrr fn{zi}

liuonf{& [a

i}`r gr gf cg

`r& [a~r g{ gr

fgror {i zg}nl

ZNU0 ZUC0

F RNB^]G[W

~}g{w gf Jnfn

n di}noir{

Rntn}cl zn{cfclwr{r, cfk

bnrr !ZUC'

!clri `fizf

GNNN 15=&33g

gtclnf{ U}gtc

ntnliunk {i

if ZLCF

& ZNU, fi{ m

l {acf c zg

{i {ac{ mw zg}

NU zi}`r8

{c ucb`n{ gr

}& [agr `n

Tnb{i} !GT'

n{ gr {anf mg{

}nr~l{r gf cf

gr ~rnk {i nf

irn c kgddn}nf

}& Zn d~}{an}

f Biou~{n}

3= [nbafi Di

88 kig8 35& :

&gon}c&35& :2

C ]n

c`c

bgnfbn

cr{acf

zg}nlnrr fn{z

rog{ kc{c, {a

nbacfgror {

bafilijgnr& Gf

awrgbcl onkg

~{ gf zg}nlnrr

cg}, {an }ckg

guonf{ ctcgl

r acr clzcwr

{}cfrogrrgif

} zagba oc`

n}w kgddgb~l{ {

nrr fn{zi}`r&

GB0GBT0GT0B

U]I[IBILR

}cl

LCF rnb~}g{

`fnrrnr zn}ZNU zcr {c

gf =552, cf

cr ZUC='

r{cfkc}k P:,

w !ZNU' On

u}itgkn zg}nl

{ac{ gr ns~gt

ngfj gf{nfknk

}nk LCF, u

nk LCFr&

anf ZNU gr

nfb}wu{nk rn

w gr jnfn}

cfk c ;5/

zgrn QI]nk

nfb}wu{nk ul

b}wu{ ncba f

{ GT un}gikgb

biou~{n ;/m

Cuulgbc{gifr

}~o J}i~u, G

71;)GRMFY5

71;

gnz id Z

ZNU,

Knuc}{o

Bnf{}cl

i}` kgddn}r g

n}nmw goulno

cbbnrr {}cfr

zg}nk fn{zi

o ~rnk di} fn

fn{zi}`r rgf

i d}ns~nfbw b

mln gf oc}`n{

mnnf c ochi

id gfdi}oc{g

nr g{ t~lfn}c

i u}itgkn ~u {

OU0[@GU0O

FK ONBACFG

w onbacfgro

gknf{gdgnk g`nf ulcbn mw

k {anf cd{n}

gr }c{gdgnk gf

_&

acfgro

nrr rnb~}g{w

lnf{ {i mngfj

{i u}itgkn c

}itgknr ns~g

nfcmlnk {anf

uc}c{nlw zg{a

{nk mw c

g{ ZNU `nw

zg{a ]B; r

cgf{nq{& C kgd

z ucb`n{ rgf

llw& GT gr {an

w{n Gf{nj}g{w

kgc&

41

g}nlnrr Rn

ZUC cf

C}tgfk Kac

nf{ id Biou~

$ Nfjj&

^fgtn}rg{w id

Chon}, Gfkg

f {an

nf{gfj

g{{nk

`r zn

{zi}`

bn {an

cf mn

r& [an

grr~n

if gf

mln {i

i kc{n

B&

ROR

{i mn

f {anZg/Dg

{gon

=55;

{i {an

if c

gjan}

tclnf{

ncba

]B;

=;/mg{

& [an

{}nco

dn}nf{

n {an

f rnf{

anb`

Tcl

clr

nfb

=

]B

nfb

}nr

r{}

r~b

Z

2=!B

-ba

r{}

kgj

mn

on

Ra

cj

Z

lnc

uir

nf

b~}g{w U}

ZUC/=

`c

{n} Rbgnfbn

]chcr{acf

c

~n !GBT' if

nfb}wu{ G

}wu{gif onba

' T~lfn}cmg

; r{}nco bgu

}wu{gif& [agr

~l{r gf {an fnn

co bcf mn

bnrrd~l c{{cb

U oc`nr g{ c

fi{an} t~lfn

onbacfgroblgb ]nk~fk

nb`r~o-& B

fj cfk {a~r f

nr{ i} acra d~

fi{nk {ac{ {a

cr~}n gf ZN

og} C{{cb`

gfr{ {an `nw

U& Clri {an g

nk mw {an d

rgmln {i }nbi

~ja ZNU/nf

i{ibilr8

O~

Knu

Bn

{an i}gjgfcl u

T zg{a {an

cfgro gr raiz

Dgj~}n 3& Zn

lg{gnr cfk dlc

n} zg{a c =;

rai}{ rgxn G

k {i }n~rn {an

nqulig{nk mw

if {an bgua

dcgl~}n {i cbag

}cmln crunb{ i

agba gr ~rnkcfbw Bikn'

B gr fi{

i{ nddgbgnf{ n

fb{gifr r~ba

n ~rn id B]

, zagba gr

nrb}gmnr c u

rbank~lgfj c

fdi}oc{gif c

g}r{ mw{n jnf

r{}~b{ {an rnb

}wu{nk ucb`n

`~l Ocfoi

}{onf{ id Bi

$ Nf

{}cl ^fgtn}rg{

Chon},

cb`n{ cfk cu

]B; bguan

f gf dillizgf

Nfb}wu{gif&

zr id ZNU8

/ mg{ Gfg{gclgx

gr c znc`fn

`nw r{}nco&

{an c{{cb`n

n} {nq{& [agr

ntn {an rnb~}g

d {an ZNU gr

di} {an gf{njgr bifrgkn}nk

bifrgkn}nk b

i~ja {i mn ~

cr OK> i} R

B/2= zcr ~r

i{ {}~n& [an

crrgtn bguan}

lji}g{ao id

i~{ gfkgtgk~

n}c{nk mw ]

}n{ `nw gf Z

{r&

cf Onjazc

ou~{n} Rbgnf

j&

w id ]chcr{ac

Gfkgc

nfk zg{a g{&

r{}nco& Z

kgcj}co&

ZNU ~rnr

c{gif Tnb{i}

rr id ZNU c

agr }n~rn id

} {i un}di}o

t~lfn}cmglg{w

{w jiclr&

{an ~rn id B]

g{w banb`& Bcr c blcrr

}wu{ij}cuagb

nk cr c onrr

C P3_& G{ rai

k cr c rnb~

Dl~a}n} Ocf

{nq{/iflw c{{

B; cr ~rnk

l `nw mw{nr j

;& G{ bi~lk

U mw cfclwxg

l

n

n

NU

{an

di}

r g{

nw

c

id

B/

Bid

llw

jn

~lk

g{w

{gf

b`

gf

n{r

mn

gfj





[an c~{anf{gbc{gif dlcz gf {an GNNN 15=&33 acr mnnf

raizf gf u}ntgi~r zi}`r& C rgouln r~bbnrrd~l

nctnrk}iuugfj c{{cb` cjcgfr{ GNNN 15=&33clri zcr

knoifr{}c{nk zg{a {an ZNU nfcmlnk& Mi{a ]B; cfk GTr c}n fi{ ~rnk nddgbgnf{lw gf {an r{cfkc}k

ZNU& Mnbc~rn id {anrn }ncrifr zn bifbl~kn {ac{ 15=&33

ZNU gr {i{cllw gfrnb~}n cfk {an }ncrif gr fi{agfj m~{ uii}

goulnonf{c{gif id rnb~}n {nbafilijgnr !r~ba cr ]B;'& ZNU

zcr fi{ cf{gbguc{nk {i mn c jiik ril~{gif di} cll rnb~}g{w

fnnkr&

2' [an znc`fnrrnr id ZNU

c' Kg}nb{ ~rn id Ocr{n} `nwr8 [an ^rn id ocr{n} `nwr gr

fi{ kg}nb{lw }nbioonfknk& [an i{an} {noui}c}w `nwr c}n

jnfn}c{nk mw Ocr{n} `nwr&

m' Rocll `nw rgxnr8 [an ZNU ~rnr ;5 mg{r id `nw rgxn,

zagba acr mnnf bifrgkn}nk cr ifn id {an ochi} dlcz gf {anZNU& Gf 377:, ;5/mg{ `nw rgxn zcr bifrgkn}nk {i mn

}ncrifcmln di} rion cuulgbc{gifr& C{ {ac{ {gon {an jicl zcr

{i u}itgkn u}i{nb{gif cjcgfr{ {an bcr~cl nctnrk}iuugfj, g{

zcr rnnonk jiik {i u}itgkn r~ddgbgnf{ u}i{nb{gif c{ {ac{

{gon& [an}n gr fi cfw runbgdgbc{gif id ZNU `nw rgxnr i{an}

{anf ;5 mg{r gf {an 15=&33 r{cfkc}k& M~{ oir{ kncln}r cuulw

{an `nw rgxn {i 35; i} =2= mg{r& ]B; nfb}wu{gif `nw gfbl~knr

c =;/mg{ GT gf mi{a bcrnr& 35; cfk =2=/mg{ `nwr c}n oi}n

kndnfrgtn cjcgfr{ {i m}~{n/di}bn c{{cb`r gf biouc}grif {i {an

;5/mg{ `nwr m~{ g{ gr r{gll c u}imlno zagba gr fi{ }nriltnk wn{&

b' Fi{ actn nfi~ja `nw ocfcjnonf{ 8 ZNU r{cfkc}k

kinr fi{ runbgdw `nw ocfcjnonf{& Zg{ai~{ gf{n}iun}cmln

`nw ocfcjnonf{, `nwr zgll mn id gfdn}gi} s~clg{w cfk lgtnrdi} c lifjn} {gon& [a~r {agr gr bifrgkn}nk cr g{r znc`fnrr&

Oir{ id {an zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`r goulnonf{gfj ZNU rac}nr c

rgfjln ZNU `nw mn{znnf ncba cfk ntn}w fikn if {an

fn{zi}`& Rcon ZNU `nw gr ~rnk {i u}ij}co {an cbbnrr

uigf{r cfk blgnf{ r{c{gifr& [an {cr` id bacfjgfj {an `nwr gr

cfifwoi~r cfk kgddgb~l{&

k' ^rn id ]B;8 Goulnonf{c{gif id ]B; acr mnnf

bifrgkn}nk {i actn znc` `nwr, gfkgbc{gfj oi}n bi}}nlc{gif

mn{znnf {an `nw cfk {an i~{u~{& G{ gr ncrw him {i kn{n}ogfn

ucb`n{r nfb}wu{nk zg{a znc` `nwr& [an dg}r{ {a}nn mw{nr id

{an `nw c}n nq{}cb{nk d}io {an GT {ac{ gr rnf{ ~fnfb}wu{nk gf

ncba ucb`n{& [agr znc`fnrr bcf mn nqulig{nk ~rgfj c ucrrgtn

c{{cb`&

n' ]n~rnk cfk rocll rgxnk GT 8 Zn di~fk {ac{ i~{ id {an

ctcglcmln 34 ogllgif GT tcl~nr 7,555 c}n gf{n}nr{gfj& [anw

raiz {an u}nrnfbn id znc` `nwr& [an c{{cb`n} bcu{~}nr

-gf{n}nr{gfj ucb`n{r- {i dgfk i~{ {an znc` `nwr, {anf

cfclwxnr {ano cfk iflw acr {i {}w c rocll f~omn} id `nwr {i

jcgf cbbnrr {i {an fn{zi}`& Mnbc~rn cll i}gjgfcl GU ucb`n{r

r{c}{ zg{a c `fizf tcl~n, g{‗r ncrw {i `fiz zanf ~rn} acr

{an }gja{ `nw& [i kn{n}ogfn c 35;/mg{ ZNU `nw, c{{cb`n} acr

{i bcu{~}n {an gf{n}nr{gfj ucb`n{r mn{znnf =,555 cfk ;,555&

If c m~rw fn{zi}` {an bcu{~}n id {an >555 gf{n}nr{gfj

ucb`n{r ogja{ fi{ bc~rn cfw kgddgb~l{w cfk {agr bcf mn kifn

gf c tn}w rai}{ {gon un}gik& Ocfw kncln}r c}n fiz

goulnonf{gfj fnz clji}g{aor {ac{ c}n rgoulw mcrnk if fi

rnlnb{gif id znc` GT& [an mnr{ ril~{gif id {agr {wun id c{{cb`

gr fi{ {i ~rn znc` GT tcl~nr&

Di} c ZNU `nw, knrug{n id {an `nw rgxn, =;/ mg{ lifj GTbcf iflw u}itgkn 34,:::,=34 kgddn}nf{ ]B; bguan} r{}ncor&

[agr f~omn} bcf mn cbagntnk if c m~rw fn{zi}` gf c dnz

ai~}r cfk zn bcf }n~rn {an rcon GT& [an ]B; r{}nco bguan}

gr QI]nk zg{a {an i}gjgfcl ucb`n{ gf {an ZNU cfk {an GT gr

rnf{ gf {an blnc} di}oc{ zg{a ncba ucb`n{ P2_& Gd {an ]B;

r{}nco bguan} di} c jgtnf GT gr di~fk, r~mrns~nf{ ucb`n{r

nfb}wu{nk zg{a {an rgoglc} GT bcf mn knb}wu{nk mw cf

c{{cb`n}& [an}n c}n ocqgo~o 34,:::,=34 GT tcl~nr&

^fl~b`glw, ZNU kinrf‗{ runbgdw r~ba dcbglg{w {ac{ aiz {i

baiirn i} aiz id{nf {i bacfjn GTr& Rion crr~onr {ac{ GT

r{c}{r c{ xn}i cfk gfb}ncrnr gfb}nonf{cllw di} ncba ucb`n{,

cfk }n{~}f mcb` {i xn}i cd{n} rnfkgfj 34 ogllgif ucb`n{r&

Cfk rion i{an} baiirnr GTr }cfkiolw& [an GT bairnf

}cfkiolw lnckr {i >5. bacfbn id }n~rn cd{n} lnrr {acf >,555

ucb`n{r&

d' Znc`fnrr id GBT clji}g{ao8 ZNU GBT gr mcrnk if

{an B]B/2= clji}g{ao ~r~cllw goulnonf{nk {i kn{nb{ figrn

clifj zg{a biooif n}}i}r gf {}cfrogrrgif& B]B/2= gr fi{

bifrgkn}nk cr c jiik baigbn di} b}wu{ij}cuagb acra& [an

B]B/2= GBT gr c lgfnc} d~fb{gif id {an onrrcjn& [agr

oncfr {ac{ c onrrcjn bcf mn nfb}wu{nk cfk {an GBT mn

ncrglw dgqnk, mw cf c{{cb`n}, oc`gfj {an onrrcjn cuunc}

c~{anf{gb& [i ki {agr cf nfb}wu{nk ucb`n{ r{}nco gr bcu{~}nk

cfk {an knr{gfc{gif ckk}nrr id ncba ucb`n{ gr bacfjnk zg{a

{an c{{cb`n}‗r zg}nk GU ckk}nrr, dgqgfj ~u {an B]B/2=&[anrn

ucb`n{r c}n {anf }n{}cfrog{{nk {i {an cbbnrr uigf{& [an

ucb`n{r zgll knb}wu{ mw {an cbbnrr uigf{ cfk cd{n} {ac{di}zc}k {ano {i {an c{{cb`n}& GT cfk GBT mcrnk c{{cb`r c}n

fi{ knunfk if {an `nw rgxn&

j' Ncrw di}jgfj id c~{anf{gbc{gif onrrcjnr8 [an}n c}n

{zi {wunr id c~{anf{gbc{gif on{aikr zagba c}n kndgfnk gf

15=&33 R{cfkc}kr& Ifn gr `fizf cr Iunf Rwr{no

c~{anf{gbc{gif cfk cfi{an} gr `fizf cr Rac}nk @nw

c~{anf{gbc{gif& Gd {an ZNU c~{anf{gbc{gif rn}tgbn gr nfcmlnk,

{anf {an gf{}~kn}r cfk c{{cb`n}r bcf j~nrr {an ZNU `nw P4,

35, 33_& Gf Rac}nk @nw c~{anf{gbc{gif {an bifbnu{ id rac}nk

ZNU `nw gr ~rnk {i nfb}wu{ {an bacllnfjn& Zg{a {agr bionr

{an uirrgmglg{w {ac{ {an bacllnfjn cfk nfb}wu{nk }nruifrn bcf

mn imrn}tnk mw cf c{{cb`n} zai gr oifg{i}gfj {an fn{zi}`

{}cddgb& Mw oifg{i}gfj {an r~bbnrrd~l c~{anf{gbc{gif, cfc{{cb`n} bcf di}jn cf c~{anf{gbc{gif& Rac}nk @nw

c~{anf{gbc{gif lgog{r {an cmglg{w id cf c{{cb`n} {i b}nc{n c

knfgcl/id/rn}tgbn c{{cb` mw rnfkgfj jc}mcjn ucb`n{r

!nfb}wu{nk zg{a {an z}ifj ZNU `nw' gf{i {an fn{zi}`&

ZNU gr dc} d}io cf gkncl rnb~}g{w ril~{gif m~{ g{ gr r{gll ~rnk&

B& Zg/Dg U}i{nb{nk Cbbnrr !ZUC' U}i{ibil

ZUC acr mnnf kntnliunk {i u}itgkn oi}n zg}nlnrrrnb~}g{w ril~{gif di} 15=&33/mcrnk fn{zi}`r& ZUC gr c}nulcbnonf{ itn} Zg}nk Ns~gtclnf{ U}gtcbw !ZNU' P=_& [angfk~r{}gnr cfk i}jcfgxc{gifr actn mnnf runfkgfj c j}nc{ knclid {gon cfk oifnw if kntnliugfj cfk knuliwgfj fnq{/

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ 3==




jnfn}c{gif ril~{gifr {ac{ ckk}nrr j}izgfj zg}nlnrr fn{zi}` rnb~}g{w u}imlnor& [an Zg/Dg !Zg}nlnrr Dgknlg{w' Cllgcfbnacr b}nc{nk {an Zg/Dg U}i{nb{nk Cbbnrr !ZUC' P;_& ZUC gr cr~mrn{ id {an 15=&33g r{cfkc}k&

Cf nfacfbnonf{r itn} ZNU8 ZUC gr cf nfacfbnonf{ itn}

u}n/nqgr{gfj u}i{ibil ZNU&ZUC {nbafilijw ocgflw

gfbl~knr {a}nn gou}itnonf{r itn} ZNU&

c' Gou}itnk kc{c nfb}wu{gif8 [noui}cl @nw Gf{nj}g{w

U}i{ibil ![@GU' gr cf gou}itnonf{ id kc{c nfb}wu{gif&

[@GU gr c [noui}cl @nw Acra D~fb{gif& [@GU gr cf

cl{n}fc{gtn {i ZNU& G{ dgqnr cll {an rnb~}g{w u}imlnor cfk

kinrf‗{ }ns~g}n fnz ac}kzc}n& [@GU ~rnr {an ]B; r{}nco

bguan} cr {an nfb}wu{gif cfk knb}wu{gif u}ibnrrnr cfk cll

gftiltnk uc}{gnr o~r{ rac}n {an rcon rnb}n{ `nw rgoglc}lw cr

lg`n gf ZNU P33_& [agr rnb}n{ `nw o~r{ mn 3=1 mg{r cfk gr

bcllnk {an -[noui}cl @nw- ![@'& [@GU clri ~rnr cf

Gfg{gclgxc{gif Tnb{i} !GT' id ;1/mg{& [an GT ~rnk cr c

bi~f{n}& Ntnf gd {an [@ gr rac}nk, cll gftiltnk uc}{gnr

jnfn}c{n c kgddn}nf{ ]B; `nw r{}nco&

m' ^rn} c~{anf{gbc{gif8 ^rn} c~{anf{gbc{gif gr ogrrgfj

gf ZNU, {a}i~ja {an nq{nfrgmln c~{anf{gbc{gif u}i{ibil

!NCU'& ZNU bif{}ilr cbbnrr {i c zg}nlnrr fn{zi}` zagba gr

mcrnk if c biou~{n}‗r ac}kzc}n/runbgdgb OCB ckk}nrr&

NCU gr m~gl{ if c oi}n rnb~}n u~mlgb/`nw nfb}wu{gif rwr{no

{i oc`n g{ bn}{cgf {i acuunf {ac{ iflw c~{ai}gxnk fn{zi}`

~rn}r bcf cbbnrr {an fn{zi}`&

b' [an s~clg{w id mngfj aifnr{ 8 Onrrcjn Gf{nj}g{w Bikn

!OGB' di} [@GU gr biou~{nk mw c fnz clji}g{ao& Onrrcjn

Gf{nj}g{w Bikn !OGB' gr biou~{nk {i kn{n}ogfn n}}i}r gf {an

kc{c bioulcbnfbw ng{an} k~n {i {}cfrdn} n}}i}r i} k~n {iu~}uirnd~l cl{n}c{gifr P>_& G{ gr c 4;/mg{ OGB {ac{ gr ckknk {i

{an Kc{c cfk {an GBT& [an GBT gr B]B id Kc{c cfk OGB&

k' Zac{ gr fnz gf ZUC gf biouc}grif {i ZNU9

Kg}nb{ ~rn id ocr{n} `nw gf ZNU8 Ocr{n} @nwr c}nfntn} ~rnk kg}nb{lw gf ZUC& C agn}c}baw id `nwr gr~rnk, cll kn}gtnk d}io {an ocr{n} `nw&

Uii} @nw Ocfcjnonf{ cfk ~ukc{gfj gf ZNU8Rnb~}n `nw ocfcjnonf{ gr c ulcffnk imrilnrbnfbndnc{~}n gf ZUC, ri `nw ocfcjnonf{ grf‗{ cf grr~nzg{a ZUC cr biouc}nk {i ZNU&

]n~rnk GT)Lnrr rgxn id GT 8 [an lnfj{a gr gfb}ncrnk id GT d}io =; mg{r {i ;1 mg{r& Ckkg{gifcllw, GTr c}n~rnk cr rns~nfbn bi~f{n}r di} {an [RB ![@GU

Rns~nfbn Bi~f{n}', u}i{nb{gfj cjcgfr{ }nulcwgfj id kc{c, zagba zcr c ochi} t~lfn}cmglg{w gf ZNU&

Znc` GT tcl~nr c}n r~rbnu{gmln {i c{{cb` 8 C kgddn}nf{rnb}n{ `nw gr ~rnk di} ncba ucb`n{, cfk {an zcw {an`nw gr oi}n s~gb`lw zg{a {an rnb}n{ `nw gr oi}nbioulnq&

Gfnddnb{gtn Onrrcjn gf{nj}g{w banb`gfj8 Gf{nj}g{wu}i{ibil B]B/2= zcr u}itnk gfnddnb{gtn di} ZNUonrrcjn ri ZUC ~rnr c Onrrcjn Gf{nj}g{w Banb` !OGB' onbacfgro bcllnk, &Ogbacnl&

b&K}czmcb` gf ZUC8 [an 15=&33g r{cfkc}k raizr {ac{

`nwr jnfn}c{nk d}io rai}{ ucrrzi}kr c}n r~mhnb{ {i

kgb{gifc}w c{{cb` cfk c `nw {ac{ gr jnfn}c{nk d}io c ucrr

ua}crn id lnrr {acf =5 bac}cb{n}r gr ~flg`nlw {i kn{n}

c{{cb`r&

K& ZUC/= !]im~r{ Rnb~}g{w Fn{zi}`r/ ]RFr'

15=&33g {ac{ acr mnnf cuunc}nk gf =55; ~rnr {an lijgb id c

]im~r{ Rnb~}g{w Fn{zi}` !]RF'& [agr fnz r{cfkc}k cfk

c}bag{nb{~}n ckiu{ {an GNNN 15=&3Q r{cfkc}k di} cbbnrr

bif{}il cfk di} nfb}wu{gif g{ ~rnr Cktcfbnk Nfb}wu{gif

R{cfkc}k !CNR'& G{ ~rnr c ucg}/zgrn `nw nqbacfjn !di~} zcw

acfkrac`n' u}i{ibil ~{glgxgfj 15=&3Q di} o~{~cl

c~{anf{gbc{gif cfk `nw ocfcjnonf{ u}ibnrr& 15=&33g cllizr

~rn id [@GU, m~{ mw kndc~l{ ]RF ~rnr CNR !Cktcfbnk

Nfb}wu{gif R{cfkc}k' cfk BBOU !Bi~f{n} Oikn BMB

OCB U}i{ibil'& G{ u}itgknr c r{}ifjn}, rbclcmln ril~{gif&

3' Zi}`gfj id ZUC/=8 ZUC/= ~rnr kwfcogb

fnji{gc{gif id c~{anf{gbc{gif cfk nfb}wu{gif clji}g{aor

mn{znnf cbbnrr uigf{r cfk oimgln kntgbnr& [an

c~{anf{gbc{gif rbanonr c}n mcrnk if 15=&3Q cfk Nq{nfrgmln

C~{anf{gbc{gif U}i{ibil !NCU'& Zn ~rn Cktcfbnk

Nfb}wu{gif R{cfkc}k !CNR' di} nfb}wu{gif P1_& ZUC/= gr

rgjfgdgbcf{lw r{}ifjn} gf biouc}grif {i ZNU cfk ZUC&

Aizntn}, {agr u}i{ibil zi~lk }~f tn}w uii}lw if lnjcbw

kntgbnr& Iflw {an lc{nr{ kntgbnr actn {an bcucmglg{w }ns~g}nk

{i cbbnln}c{n {an clji}g{aor&

GG& BIOUC]GRIF ID ZNU, ZUC CFK ZUC/=

RNB^]G[W U]I[IBILR

C& ZNU

ZNU ~rnr ]B; bguan}& [an GT gr gfrnb~}n& G{ ~rnr ;5 mg{rid nfb}wu{gif `nw& [an}n gr c bifbc{nfc{gif id `nw cfk GT

tcl~nr di} un} ucb`n{ c}n rnf{ itn} {an cg}, `nw ocfcjnonf{

onbacfgro gr fi{ nomnkknk gf g{, g{ actn fi c~{ioc{gb i}

un}gikgb nw&

M& ZUC

G{ ~rnr c r~mrn{ id 15=&33g& G{ ~rnr ]B; cfk [@GU di}

nfb}wu{gif bguan} onbacfgro& [an `nw rgxn gr 3=1 mg{r& G{

~rnr ogqnk {wun Nfb}wu{gif `nw un} ucb`n{ P4_& 15=&3q

kwfcogb `nw ocfcjnonf{ onbacfgro& [an GT rgxn gr ;1

mg{&15=&3q NCU ~rcjn di} c~{anf{gbc{gif, u}itgkgfj kc{c

gf{nj}g{w cfk anckn} gf{nj}g{w& [an [@GU cfk GT rns~nfbn

onbacfgro c}n ~rnk {i u}ntnf{ }nulcw c{{cb`r&

B& ZUC/=

Di} zg}nlnrr rnb~}g{w ZUC/= rnnor {i mn {an r{}ifjnr{

rnb~}g{w u}i{ibil& ZUC/= u}itgknr cll {an cktcf{cjnr id

ZUC gf ckkg{gif {i r{}ifjn} nfb}wu{gif {a}i~ja {an

goulnonf{c{gif id CNR, }icogfj r~uui}{ cfk BBO

onbacfgro di} kc{c cfk anckn} gf{nj}g{w P35_& ZUC

knuliwonf{r itn} b~}}nf{ ZNU gfr{cllc{gifr u}itgkn bir{

nddnb{gtn cfk acrrln d}nn ragd{r zan}n tnfki}r bcf {}cfrg{ {i

{an ZUC r{cfkc}k {a}i~ja c rid{zc}n i} dg}ozc}n ~uj}ckn&

Di} ZUC/={agr gr fi{ {an bcrn& G{ }ns~g}nr nq{}c ac}kzc}n

~uj}ckn gf i}kn} {i goulnonf{ CNR P3=_&





[CMLN

Zg}nlnrr f

i{ ocfcjnk

ioucfgnr& R

~r{ mn gknf{

nbnrrc}w bi

n{zi}`& Cl{

ifrgkn}nk {i

{i mn c knunf

G& BIOUC

GGG& {zi}`r c}n ~

u}iun}lw og

mndi}n gfr{cl

gdgnk, ntcl~c{

f{n} oncr~}n

ai~ja fi

{cllw ~fm}nc`c

kcmln ifn& G{

GRIF ID RNB^]G

BIFBL^RGIF

rnk gf m~rgfn

a{ bc~rn tn

lgfj cfw r~b

k, cfk mcrnk

r o~r{ mn gfr

nb~}g{w rwr{

mln, 15=&33g

r~ddn}r fifn

[W U]I[IBILR

rr ZLCFr {a

}w rn}gi~r }g

fn{zi}`r, cll

if {an }nr~l{

{cllnk {i rnb~

no bcf nt

RF rnb~}g{w

id {an u}imln

c{ c}n

`r {i

}gr`r

r, {an

}n {an

} mn

rnnor

or id

ilk

15

bcf

{gornb

og

~rc

P3_

P=_

P2_

P;_

P>_

P4_

P:_

P1_

P7_

P35_

P33_

P3=_

n} onbacfgro

&33g ZUC/= g

}nlw if ~f{gl

n mngfj gf {n~}g{w u}ndn}}

go~o bir{ u

jn id ZUC gr

GNNN8 GNNN 15cfk Uawrgbca{{u8))r{cfkc}kr

Lg, L&, Xa~, L&ZUC rnb~}g{w[nlnbioo~fgb

Rnuna}kck, U&,Nqulig{c{gif id Jifj, J&, R{gfr

73& Ru}gfjn}, ARnuna}kck, U&,]B; Kgr{gfj~gr

T~cjfi~q, O&8bacffnlr& UaKNUDL !=535'&

ZgfUbcu8 Zgfa{{u8))zzz&zgfa{{u8))zzz&lwlngfrnb~}n/cr/g/n

@}grafco]ch~,@&T&R&T&F8 Di^rgfj Bcrun}gfdi}oc{gif cfGfkgc !Rnu{nom

A~fj, B&B&, Z

@nw Nfb}wu{giHi~}fcl id Bio

Agn}{x, J&, KnfM&8 [an GNNN4=‒:5 !=535'&

C&A&K& Lcra`cu}i{ibilr !ZNGfdi}oc{gif [Mnghgfj, GBBRG

N&H&O&C& Dglai,“Rnb~}g{w tn}rZUC gf 15=&Zg}nlnrr cfk I>, =55:&

C& K& Ui{i}cb c15=&33 ZLCF

Bif{}il Rwr{no

r cfk u}i{ibi

gr c zg}nlnrr

g{r t~lfn}cmg

}or id bir{ tk {anf ZU

ndn}}nk ZNU

}nbioonfkn

]NDN]

=&338 Zg}nlnrr Ll Lcwn} !U&gnnn&i}j)cmi~{)j

, H~, [&8 [an ]rwr{no& Hi~}fcl{gifr =;!3', :1‒

, Tc~knfcw, R&Fnz Mgcrnr gf ]if, K&]& !nkr&'

ngknlmn}j !=533'&Tc~knfcw, R&,

agfj ZUC& Cbbn

Biou~{n} Cgkn{anrgr, NbilnUil

ubcu8 [an zgfubcu&i}j)Zuc/mcb`noi}{&bio) unb{nk !cbbnrrnk

@&T&, Tcllg`~}ocl Tn}gdgbc{giK]& Gf8 Gf{n}fk bioo~fgbc{gin} =535'&

~, N&A&, Z~, B&

Rbanon di} {anu~{n}r 31!;' !=5

{nfnn}, K&, R{gmi}5=&33 ~fgtn}rn&

}g, O&O&R& ,Rcoc, ZUC cfk ZUbafilijw, =fk=557, uu&;1/>=

U&F&L& Difrnbc,r Mcfkzgk{a8 [33j Fn{zi}`,‟u{gbcl Bioo~fg

k K& Mclcf&“[a[a}i~jau~{‟, Bi

r, til& =, uu& ;:/

lr fconlw Z

nb~}g{w u}i{i

lg{gnr c}n m}i

n}r~r rnb~}g{C/= o~r{ m

o~r{ mn nou

k&

NFBNR

CF Onkg~o CbAW' Runbgdgb{)15=)15=&33&a{

rnc}ba id 15=&3id Fcfhgfj ^fg3 !=55;'&

&, T~cjfi~q,B;& Gf8 Mg}w~`itCB =535& LFBR

~cjfi~q, O&8

u{nk c{ N^]IB]

B}wu{cfclwrgr d {nbafgs~nD»nk»n

izr ucb`n{ bcuuc=,lij)=551)>)35) if Oc}ba 3;, =5

c}g, T&, Rcfknid GNNN15=&34

{gifcl Bifdn}nff {nbafilijgnr,

L&, Jc~, ]&L&, B

Fnq{ Jnfn}c{gi1'&

, L&, Xcfj, W&, BGNNN Bioo~fgb

kg, M&, -C r~}tnwC=)15=&33g',- BGNNN Gf{n}fc{gi

, =557&

O&H&R& Lng{ci, can R~uui}{ id GDGU Gf{n}fc{gic{gifr Fn{zi}`r

Goucb{ id Rnb~}ou~{n}

=, =557&

U cfk ZUC&

il {ac{ cfwm

ja{ i~{& Di}

iu{gifr, gd n nouliwnk,

liwnk, i{an}z

bnrr Bif{}il !O{gifr !=5l&

3 Zg}nlnrr Fn{zn}rg{w id Uir{r

&8 Kgrbitn}w, C&,, til& 4>;;, uu&

{c{gr{gbcl C{{cb` WU[ =533 !=533

}io Bguan}r {i}cln kn Lc~rcffn

{~}n lgm}c}w !=5

zuc/zuc=35'&

utc}oc, F&, ]o U@Ot2 U}i{bn if cktcfbnrGB[ =535, @n}

anf, W&B&8 C O

Zg}nlnrr Fn{z

r{c, Q&U&, Zcl`n,c{gifr Ocjcxgfn

if zg}nlnrr rnb~ou~{n} Rbgnfbnfcl Bifdn}nfbn

fk U&R&D& kn Mc}nbacfgror ZN

fcl Bifdn}nfbn, ZIBF *5:, uu

g{w Itn}anckr ifRbgnfbn

Ri

kw

{an

~llgd

grn

B':',

i}` cfk

cfk

:;‒

if'&

gkn‛

1',

/cr/

ch~,bilgf

clc,

l{g/

}`&

;1,

}g{wcfkif

}ir,U nif

& 3/

cfk

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ 3=;






GRMF8 7:1/13/7=5>:>/:/488 kig8 35& :;;5; )GRMFY5:41

CBO "8 kmn}&gon}c&35& :;;5;

R~}tnw id Rnb~}g{w Grr~nr gf Oimgln Ck/Aib Fn{zi}`

U}cd~l ]&Uc}kagCrrgr{cf{ U}idnrri}

Ra}g ]coknimcmc Billnjn id

Nfjgfnn}gfj $ Ocfcjnonf{

Fcju~}, Ocac}cra{}c

Cmr{}cb{ / Cf ck/aib fn{zi}` gr c rnld/bifdgj~}gfj fn{zi}` id

zg}nlnrr lgf`r biffnb{gfj oimgln fiknr& [anrn fiknr ocw mn

}i~{n}r cfk)i} air{r& [an oimgln fiknr bioo~fgbc{n kg}nb{lw

zg{a ncba i{an} cfk zg{ai~{ {an cgk id cbbnrr uigf{r, cfk

{an}ndi}n actn fi dgqnk gfd}cr{}~b{~}n& [anw di}o cf

c}mg{}c}w {iuilijw, zan}n {an }i~{n}r c}n d}nn {i oitn

}cfkiolw cfk c}}cfjn {anornltnr cr }ns~g}nk&

Ncba fikn i} oimgln kntgbn gr ns~guunk zg{a c {}cfrog{{n}

cfk }nbngtn}& [anw c}n rcgk {i mn u~}uirn/runbgdgb,c~{ifioi~r cfk kwfcogb& [agr biouc}nr j}nc{lw zg{a dgqnk

zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`r, cr {an}n gr fi ocr{n} rlctn }nlc{gifragu

{ac{ nqgr{r gf c oimgln ck/aib fn{zi}`& Fiknr }nlw if ncba

i{an} {i nr{cmlgrank bioo~fgbc{gif, {a~r ncba fikn cb{r cr

c }i~{n}& [an}ndi}n, gf c oimgln ck/aib fn{zi}`, c ucb`n{

bcf {}ctnl d}io c ri~}bn {i c knr{gfc{gif ng{an} kg}nb{lw, i}

{a}i~ja rion rn{ id gf{n}onkgc{n ucb`n{ di}zc}kgfj

fiknr&Gf c zg}nlnrr zi}lk, kiogfc{nk mw Zg/Dg,

c}bag{nb{~}nr zagba ogq onra fn{zi}`gfj cfk ck/aib

biffnb{gifr c}n {an mnjgffgfj id c {nbafilijw }ntil~{gif

mcrnk if {ang} rgoulgbg{w&

Ck aib fn{zi}`r P3_ kc{n mcb` {i {an Rntnf{gnr& [anw zn}n

kntnliunk mw {an Kndnfrn Di}bnr, {i bioulw zg{a c oglg{c}w

d}conzi}`& [an cgo zcr {i }cugklw knuliw c }im~r{, oimgln

cfk }ncb{gtn fn{zi}`, ~fkn} cfw bg}b~or{cfbnr& [anrn

fn{zi}`r {anf u}itnk ~rnd~l gf bioon}bgcl cfk gfk~r{}gcl

dgnlkr, dg}r{ cgk iun}c{gifr cfk nquli}c{gif ogrrgifr& Ck aib

fn{zi}`r, clri bcllnk unn}/{i/unn} fn{zi}`r, r{gll actn c

lifj zcw {i ji gf i}kn} {i mn d~llw d~fb{gifcl cfk

bioon}bgcl, cr g{ acr g{r kndnb{r r~ba cr rnb~}g{w cfk }i~{gfj

zagba zn zgll kgrb~rr d~}{an}&

@nw Zi}kr8 Oimgln Ck Aib Fn{zi}`, Rnb~}g{w, Gf{}~rgif Kn{nb{gif, Rnb~}n ]i~{gfj

G& OCFN[ NFTG]IFONF[ TC]GC[GIFR

[an kgddn}nf{ OCFN[ nftg}ifonf{ tc}gc{gifr c}n

lgr{nk cr dillizr {c`gfj g{r kwfcogb {iuilijw gf {i

bifrgkn}c{gif8

3&3 Gf OCFN[R cll fiknr actn gknf{gbcl bcucmglg{gnr

cfk }nruifrgmglg{gnr, zagba c}n {n}onk cr d~llw

rwoon{}gb nftg}ifonf{& C oimgln ck aib fn{zi}`

!OCFN[' gr c fn{zi}` biou}grgfj zg}nlnrr oimgln fiknr

{ac{ bioo~fgbc{n zg{a ncba i{an} zg{ai~{ bnf{}clgxnk

bif{}il i} nr{cmlgrank gfd}cr{}~b{~}n& [anrn fiknr zagba

c}n zg{agf ncba i{an}‗r }ckgi }cfjn bcf bioo~fgbc{n

kg}nb{lw, zagln kgr{cfbn fiknr }nlw if {ang} fngjami}gfj

fiknr {i di}zc}k ucb`n{r& Gf OCFN[R ntn}w fikn bcf mn

c air{ i} }i~{n}& Gf OCFN[ nftg}ifonf{, fiknr c}n d}nn {i

higf i} lnctn {an fn{zi}` c{ cfw uigf{ id {gon, }nr~l{gfj gf c

agjalw kwfcogb fn{zi}` nftg}ifonf{ biouc}nk {i zg}nk

fn{zi}`&

3&= [an Crwoon{}gb Bcucmglg{gnr gf OCFN[R gfbl~kn{}cfrogrrgif }cfjnr cfk }ckgir }cfjnr zagba ocw kgddn}&

Mc{{n}w lgdn, runnk id oitnonf{ cfk u}ibnrrgfj bcucbg{w

zgll mn kgddn}nf{ c{ kgddn}nf{ fiknr&

3&2 Crwoon{}gb ]nruifrgmglg{gnr gfbl~kn {ac{ iflw

rion fiknr ocw }i~{n ucb`n{r gf {an fn{zi}` i} rion

fiknr ocw cb{ cr lnckn}r di} fnc}mw fiknr lg`n bl~r{n}

anck&

3&; [}cddgb bac}cb{n}gr{gbr ocw kgddn} gf kgddn}nf{ ck aib

fn{zi}`r lg`n mg{ }c{n, {gonlgfnrr bifr{}cgf{r, }nlgcmglg{w

}ns~g}nonf{r, ~fgbcr{ i} o~l{gbcr{ i} jnibcr{, air{/mcrnk

ckk}nrrgfj i} bif{nf{/mcrnk ckk}nrrgfj i} bcucmglg{w/mcrnk

ckk}nrrgfj&

3&> OCFN[R ocw bi/nqgr{ cfk clri bi/iun}c{n zg{a cfgfd}cr{}~b{~}n mcrnk fn{zi}` &

3&4 Oimglg{w uc{{n}fr ocw mn kgddn}nf{ lg`n uniuln

rg{{gfj c{ cf cg}ui}{ li~fjn, bg{wzgkn {cqg bcmr, oglg{c}w

oitnonf{r cfk un}rifcl c}nc fn{zi}`r& [an un}di}ocfbn

id c oimgln ck aib fn{zi}` gr knunfknf{ if {an fikn

oimglg{w uc{{n}f cr znll cr {iuilijw, kc{c {}cddgb uc{{n}fr,

cfk }ckgi gf{n}dn}nfbn&

3&: Oimglg{w bac}cb{n}gr{gbr gfbl~kn runnk,

u}nkgb{cmglg{w, kg}nb{gif id oitnonf{, uc{{n}f id

oitnonf{, ~fgdi}og{w id oimglg{w bac}cb{n}gr{gbr coifj

kgddn}nf{ fiknr&

GG& ]I^[GFJ U]I[IBILR

]i~{gfj u}i{ibilr mn{znnf cfw ucg} id fiknr zg{agf

cf ck aib fn{zi}` bcf mn kgddgb~l{ mnbc~rn {an fiknr bcf

oitn }cfkiolw cfk bcf clri higf i} lnctn {an fn{zi}`&

[agr oncfr {ac{ cf iu{gocl }i~{n c{ c bn}{cgf {gon ocw

fi{ zi}` rnbifkr lc{n}& Kgrb~rrnk mnliz c}n {a}nn

bc{nji}gnr {ac{ nqgr{gfj ck/aib fn{zi}` }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr

dcll gf{i8

[cmln K}gtnf U}i{ibilr

If Knocfk U}i{ibilr

Awm}gk U}i{ibilr

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ 3=>




g

g

l

g

=&3 [cmln

[cmln K}

U}icb{gtn U}i

gfknunfknf{

gfdi}oc{gif {

iknr gf {an

itn kc{c c

{wun id u}i{ib

}i~{gfj liiur&

d {an fn{zi

cw }ncb{ {i

{}cddgb gr cdd

i~lk b}nc{nzg{a lg{{ln kc

gog{nk }nri~

{an}ndi}n {an

}i~{gfj ril~{g

]i~{gfj gr cf

d {an nqcoul

nliz&

=&3&3 K

!KRKT'

=&3&= Bl~r

!BJR]'

=&3&2 Zg}

=&3&; R[C=&= If Kn

If Kno

]ncb{gtn U}i{

zanf {anw c}

~ukc{gfj id n

dib~rnr if }

Zanf c }i~

nr{gfc{gif di

g{ r{c}{r c }i~

ikn {i {an i

ikn gf/mn{z

Knocfk u}i

gcj}co 38 Ck/a

K}gtnf ]i~{gf

gtnf ]i~{gf

{ibilr, zi}`

d {}cddgb kno

i r{i}n {an l

n{zi}` cfk {

ifj kgddn}nf

il gr rliz {i

[anrn u}i{i

` cfk {agr b

bacfjn gf {an

b{nk mw {an

~ffnbnrrc}w{c {}cddgb, [c

}bnr r~ba cr

w ogja{ fi{

gif di} Ck/a

nqcouln id c

nr ~fkn} {an b

r{gfc{gif R

{n}/Anck Jc{

lnrr ]i~{gfj

]

ocfk U}i{ibi

fk ]i~{gfj

ibilr, nr{cmlg

}ns~g}nk {i }

n}w uirrgmln

~{nr {ac{ c}n

{n gr }ns~g}

} zagba g{ ki

{n kgrbitn}w

{an} ~f{gl g{

nnf acr c }

{ibilr c}n j

b Oimgln ]i~{gf

j U}i{ibilr

U}i{ibilr

i~{ }i~{nr gf

cfkr& Ncba f

ibc{gif gfdi}

gr gfdi}oc{gi

{ fiknr gf {a

iftn}jn cfk

ilr `nnu c b

f mn c kgrck

fn{zi}` {iu

{iuilijw oi

tn}anck& Ntln K}gtnf U}

uizn} cfk

mn bifrgkn}

ib Fn{zi}`r

[cmln K}gtnf

c{nji}w id [

s~nfbnk K

zcw Rzg{ba

}i{ibil !Z]

lr

U}i{ibilr,

a }i~{nr mn{

i~{n kc{c ucb

}i~{n gf {an f

mngfj ~rnk

k mw c ri

r fi{ actn }i

}ibnrr zagb

}}gtnr c{ {an

i~{n {i {an

fn}cllw bif

j U}i{ibilr

clri `fizf

{an mcb`j}i~

kn ~rnr }i~{g

oc{gif id i{

f gr {anf ~rnk

n fn{zi}`& [

ocw mn u}ifn

fr{cf{ itn}tg

tcf{cjn cr {

lijw ntnf gd

gdgbc{gif zag

f gf c fn{zi{ibilr zgll

lgf` mcfkzg

nk cf nddnb{g

& Dgranwn R{

U}i{ibil& Ri

mln k}gtnf jg

gr{cfbn Tnb

i~{gfj u}i{i

U'

clri `fizf

nnf fiknr i

n{r& [an}n gr

{zi}` gfr{nc

} mngfj rn{

}bn fikn {i

~{n gfdi}oc{g

jinr d}io

knr{gfc{gif i

knr{gfc{gif&

gkn}nk nddgbg

cr

fk

gfj

an}

{i

agr

{i

nz

nw

fi

gba

}` rn

{a

gtn

c{n

on

nf

{i}

bil

cr

lw

fi

g{

~u&

c

f,

fn

} c

If

nf{

z

{}

kg

biU

cf

U

nq

jg

!

]

[

nr

}n

{a

a

c

f

gf

!X

c{

ba

o

ba

c~

ct

f

f

bi

}n

}n

c{

f

f

z

bc

rn

anf {an }i~{n

frdn} mnbc~r

rbitn}w r{n

oo~fgbc{gifi{ibilr oi}n

k liz oimg

i{ibil gr K

coulnr ~fkn

tnf mnliz&

=&=&3

=&=&= Kw

=&=

Clji}g

=&=

Tnb{i}

=&=&>

M]U'

=&=

kgrbit

=&2 Awm}gk

Awm}gk ]i

~{gfj U}i{ib

nw ~rn kgr{c

{cmlgra {an m

ui}{ }i~{gfj g

n {iuilijw i

r g{r izf }i~

xifn }ckg~r,

omn} id aiu

di}oc{gif di

]U' gr cf nqc

Ck/aib fn{

{cb`r cfk k

cllnfjnr id k

cgf }ncrifr di

cffnl, gfrnb~

{ai}g{w, lcb`

cglcmglg{w id }

knr& Jnfn}cll

{zi}`, zn nq

fdgknf{gclg{w,

u~kgc{gif&Ctcglcmglg{w

ocgf iun}c{gi

{cb`r&

Bifdgknf{gcl

tn} kgrblirnk

C~{anf{gbc{g

kn zg{a zagb

Gf{nj}g{w j~

anf {}cfrdn}}n

Fif/}nu~kg

ffi{ knfw ac

b~}g{w }ns~g}

kgrbitn}w gr

{an fn{zi}`

gr liz

mcfkzgk{a&r~g{nk {i lc}j

lg{w& Cf nq

fcogb Ri~}

{an bc{nji}

Crribgc{gtn

cogb Ri~}bn

&2 [n

ao ![I]C'

&; C

}i~{gfj u}i{i

Bl~r{n}/mcr

&4 ]

}w Ck Aib ]

i~{gfj U}i{i

{gfj U}i{ib

ilr zg{a If

fbn/tnb{i}r d

nr{ uc{ar {i

di}oc{gif if

{an fn{zi}`

{gfj xifn, {an

agba gr kndg

r& Ncba fikn

g{r izf xi

ouln id c Aw

GGG& R

i}`r c}n ag

clgfj zg{a

ntnliun}r id

} {agr kgddgb~l{

}n iun}c{gfj

id crribgc{g

ri~}bnr, cfk

w, zanf bif

cogfn g{ ~fk

c~{anf{gbc{g

}ndn}r {i {an

fcl c{ cll {go

g{w nfr~}nr

{i bn}{cgf ~rn

if gr {an cmgl

g{ gr bioo~

}cf{nnr {ac{

k&

{gif r{c{nr {a

tgfj rnf{ g{&

nonf{r bc~r

lnrr d}ns~nf{

{}cddgb bc~rn

biouc}nk

[agr oc`nrn fn{zi}`r z

ouln id cf

n ]i~{gfj&

id If Kn

Mcrnk ]i~{gf

]i~{gfj U}i{

oui}cllw I}

/aib If/Kn

bil !CIKT'

nk ]i~{gf

lc{gtn Kgr{

i~{gfj U}i{ib

ilr

lr biomgfn

Knocfk ]i~

i} oi}n u}nb

knr{gfc{gif

lw zanf {an}n

& Ncba fikn g

rgxn id zagb

nk mw c on{

`nnur c }nb

n& Xifn ]i

}gk }i~{gfj u

B^]G[W

alw t~lfn}c

{agr gr ifn

{anrn fn{zi}

w c}n rac}nk

ftg}ifonf{,

if coifj

uawrgbcl t~lf

rgkn}gfj {an

} {an anckgf

if, gf{nj}g{

dcb{ {ac{ {an

nr knrug{n kn

{ac{ bn}{cgf g

}r&

g{w id c fikn

gbc{gfj&

onrrcjn gr f

c{ {an rnfkn}

f ck/aib fn{

k mw g{r lc

{acf {an kc{

k mw {an }i~{

{i {an {i{

If Knocfg{a lgja{ {}cddg

If Knocf

Rion id {a

cfk U}i{ibil

j !CM]'

bil !KR]'

n}nk ]i~{gf

cfk Kgr{cfb

j U}i{ibi

cfbn Ogb}

il !]KOC]'

[cmln Mcrn

{gfj U}i{ibil

grn on{}gbr {

n{zi}`r, cf

gr c bacfjn g

f {an fn{zi}

gr kndgfnk m

gb r~ba cr {a

}k id }i~{gf

~{gfj U}i{ibi

i{ibil&

ln {i rnb~}g{

id {an ocg

`r {ikcw& [a

}ickbcr{ }ckg

lcb` id bnf{}

iknr, lgog{n

n}cmglg{w id {a

rnb~}g{w id

r0 ctcglcmglg{

cfk fif

fn{zi}` o~

fgcl id rn}tgb

gfdi}oc{gif g

{i gknf{gdw {a

ntn} bi}}~u{n

d {an onrrcj

i}` acr nq{}

b` id u}iun

c

n

l

b

n

r

n

l

&

n

l

w

n

l

n

c

,

/

{

n

r

n

n

c

}





gfd}cr{}~b{~}n cfk {an kwfcogb }nlc{gifragu mn{znnf {an

fiknr gf {an fn{zi}`& Mnbc~rn id {an lcb` id

gfd}cr{}~b{~}n, cbbi~f{cmglg{w gr tn}w kgddgb~l{ {i

kn{n}ogfn cr {an}n gr “fi bnf{}cl c~{ai}g{w zagba bcf mn}ndn}nfbnk zanf g{ bionr {i oc`gfj {}~r{ knbgrgifr cmi~{

i{an} uc}{gnr gf {an fn{zi}`&‟ [an kwfcogb }nlc{gifragu

mn{znnf {an fiknr lnctnr tn}w lg{{ln iuui}{~fg{w di} {an

fiknr {i di}o {}~r{ }nlc{gifragur zg{a ncba i{an}& Gf cf

ck/aib fn{zi}`, fiknr o~r{ cb{ cr mi{a {n}ogfclr cfk

}i~{n}r di} i{an} fiknr& Mnbc~rn {an}n c}n fi knkgbc{nk

fiknr, c rnb~}n }i~{gfj u}i{ibil gr fnnknk& O~l{g aiu

}i~{gfj u}i{ibilr c}n ~r~cllw nouliwnk& [anrn bcf lnck

{i u}imlnor k~n {i fif/biiun}c{gfj fiknr cfk knfgcl id

rn}tgbn c{{cb`r&

GT& RNB^]G[W CFCLWRGR ID OCFN[

;&3 Uc}{gb~lc}g{w id OCFN[ Rnb~}g{w

OCFN[ gr kgddn}nf{ d}io {an dgqnk GU fn{zi}` cr znll

cr {an jnfn}cl zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`, zagba uirnr fnz

bacllnfjnr {i j~c}cf{nn g{r rnb~}g{w cr dillizgfj8 {an

zg}nlnrr bioo~fgbc{gif ocffn} oc`nr {an {a}nc{ id mngfj

c{{cb`nk r~ddn}gfj d}io zg}n{cuugfj j}nc{lw gou}itnk0

o~l{g/aiu }i~{gfj on{aik ocw gfk~bn c rn}gnr id rnb~}g{w

grr~nr, r~ba cr mlcb` ailn, zi}oailn cfk n{b0 {an rnld

i}jcfgxc{gif id oimgln fiknr ml~}r {an mi~fkc}w id

fn{zi}`0 {an gfknunfknfbn id fikn oimgln oc`n {an

uawrgbcl rnb~}g{w d}cjgln&

;&= Rnb~}g{w [a}nc{r if OCFN[

[an rnb~}g{w {a}nc{r bifd}if{nk mw OCFN[ gr {an

nq{nfrgif cfk nqucfrgif id {ac{ mn bifd}if{nk mw zg}nkfn{zi}` gf {an zg}nlnrr dgnlk, zagba ocgflw bionr d}io

zg}nlnrr bacffnlr cfk fn{zi}`r& [an {a}nc{r bcf mn kgtgknk

gf{i {zi bc{nji}gnr id ucrrgtn c{{cb` cfk cb{gtn c{{cb`&

;&=&3 Ucrrgtn c{{cb`

Ucrrgtn c{{cb` P32_ gr nrrnf{gcllw {i lgr{nf i}

r~}tngllcfbn {an onrrcjn {}cfrogrrgif u}ibnrr {i im{cgf

rion rnb}n{, zagba ocgflw gfbl~knr {zi `gfkr id

zg}n{cuugfj cfk {}cddgb cfclwrgr& Zg}n{cuugfj gr {i gf{n}bnu{

ucb`n{r mngfj {}cfrog{{nk cfk cbbnrr {i bifdgknf{gcl

gfdi}oc{gif& [}cddgb cfclwrgr gr {i cfclwxn bac}cb{n}gr{gbr id

ucb`n{ d}ns~nfbw, lnfj{a cfk n{b {i awui{anrgxn {an bif{nf{

id bioo~fgbc{gif&

;&=&= Cb{gtn c{{cb` Biouc}gfj zg{a ucrrgtn c{{cb`, {an ucrrgtn c{{cb`

~r~cllw kinr fi{ bacfjn {an {}cfrogrrgif kc{c, zagln cb{gtn

c{{cb` zgll {coun} kc{c r{}nco i} b}nc{n dclrn kc{c r{}nco&

[an cb{gtn c{{cb` gfbl~knr di~} `gfkr id onrrcjn }nulcw,

d}c~k bi~f{n}dng{gfj, onrrcjn {coun}gfj cfk knfgcl id

rn}tgbn&

Onrrcjn }nulcw8 Cd{n} {an c{{cb`n} gf{n}bnu{nk

onrrcjnr, g{ zgll r{i}n {an onrrcjn cfk }n/{}cfrog{ {an

onrrcjn {i u}ik~bn cf ~fc~{ai}gxnk nddnb{& [an OCFN[

gr lg`nlw {i mn c{{cb`nk mw onrrcjn }nulcw, gf {ac{ {an

onrrcjn gr {}cfrog{{nk gf {an cg} cfk bcf ncrglw mn

gf{n}bnu{nk&

D}c~k bi~f{n}dng{gfj8 Zanf ifn nf{g{w mnactnr crcfi{an} nf{g{w {i bc}}w i~{ fn{zi}` cb{gtg{gnr, {an

bi~f{n}dng{gfj {c`nr ulcbn& Lcb` id u}i{nb{gif i} znc`

c~{anf{gbc{gif onbacfgro ocw bc~rn r~ba rnb~}g{w {a}nc{r,

r~ba cr }nulcw gknf{gdgbc{gif rns~nfbn {i oc`n mnlgntn c

u}gtglnjnk nf{g{w&

Onrrcjn {coun}gfj8 Cd{n} {an ucb`n{ i} onrrcjn

rns~nfbn mngfj gf{n}bnu{nk, {an bif{nf{ gr oikgdgnk, i}

knlgmn}c{nlw knlcwnk {}cfrogrrgif, i} c ucrrgtn bacfjn gf

{an i}kn}& [agr `gfk id c{{cb` gr c{{cb` if {an gf{nj}g{w id

onrrcjn&

Knfgcl id rn}tgbn8 Zanf cf c~{ai}gxnk nf{g{wbcffi{ cbbnrr {i rai~lk mn fn{zi}` }nri~}bnr i}

non}jnfbw iun}c{gifr mn knfgnk, {an c{{cb` id knfgcl id

rn}tgbn ibb~}r& Gf {an OCFN[, g{ gr ncrw {i cbagntn rn}tgbn

gf{n}}~u{gif, ri zg}nlnrr bioo~fgbc{gif bcf mn ~rnk {i

ragnlk {an bioo~fgbc{gifr runb{}~o&

T& OCFN[ [A]^R[ C]NCR

[an dillizgfj lgr{ id {a}~r{ c}ncr raizr {an

gfnddgbgnfbgnr cfk lgog{c{gifr {ac{ actn {i mn itn}bion gf c

OCFN[ nftg}ifonf{8

>&3 Lgog{nk zg}nlnrr {}cfrogrrgif }cfjn8 Gf zg}nlnrr

fn{zi}`r {an }ckgi mcfk zgll mn lgog{nk cfk anfbn kc{c

}c{nr g{ bcf iddn} c}n o~ba lnrrn} {acf zac{ c zg}nk

fn{zi}` bcf iddn}& [agr }ns~g}nr {an }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr gf

zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`r {i ~rn {an mcfkzgk{a clzcwr gf cf

iu{gocl ocffn} mw `nnugfj {an itn}anck cr liz cr

uirrgmln& [an lgog{nk {}cfrogrrgif }cfjn clri gouirnr c

bifr{}cgf{ if }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr gf ocgf{cgfgfj {an

{iuilijgbcl gfdi}oc{gif& Nrunbgcllw gf OCFN[R k~n {i

d}ns~nf{ bacfjnr gf {iuilijw, ocgf{cgfgfj {an {iuilijgbcl

gfdi}oc{gif c{ cll fiknr gftiltnr oi}n bif{}il itn}anck

zagba, gf {~}f, }nr~l{r gf oi}n mcfkzgk{a zcr{cjn&

>&= [gon/tc}wgfj zg}nlnrr lgf` bac}cb{n}gr{gbr8 [an

zg}nlnrr bacffnl gr r~rbnu{gmln {i c tc}gn{w id

{}cfrogrrgif gounkgonf{r r~ba cr uc{a lirr, dckgfj,

gf{n}dn}nfbn cfk mlib`cjn& [anrn dcb{i}r }nrgr{ {an }cfjn,

kc{c }c{n, cfk {an }nlgcmglg{w id {an zg}nlnrr {}cfrogrrgif&[an nq{nf{ {i zagba {anrn dcb{i}r cddnb{ {an {}cfrogrrgif

knunfkr ~uif {an nftg}ifonf{cl bifkg{gifr cfk {an

oimglg{w id {an {}cfrog{{n} cfk }nbngtn}& Ntnf {an {zi

kgddn}nf{ `nw bifr{}cgf{r, Fws~gr{‗r cfk Racffif‗r

{ani}nor, {ac{ jitn}f {an cmglg{w {i {}cfrog{ gfdi}oc{gif

c{ kgddn}nf{ kc{c }c{nr bcf mn bifrgkn}nk&

>&2 M}ickbcr{ fc{~}n id {an zg}nlnrr onkg~o8 [an

m}ickbcr{ fc{~}n id {an }ckgi bacffnl, {ac{ gr, {}cfrogrrgifr

ockn mw c fikn c}n }nbngtnk mw cll fiknr zg{agf g{r kg}nb{

{}cfrogrrgif }cfjn& Zanf c fikn gr }nbngtgfj kc{c, fi

i{an} fikn gf g{r fngjami}aiik, cuc}{ d}io {an rnfkn},

rai~lk {}cfrog{& C fikn rai~lk jn{ cbbnrr {i {an rac}nk

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ 3=:




onkg~o iflw zanf g{r {}cfrogrrgifr ki fi{ cddnb{ cfw

ifjigfj rnrrgif& Rgfbn o~l{guln fiknr ocw bif{nfk di} {an

bacffnl rgo~l{cfni~rlw, {an uirrgmglg{w id ucb`n{ billgrgifr

gr s~g{n agja gf zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`r& Ntnf {an fn{zi}` grr~rbnu{gmln {i agkknf {n}ogfcl u}imlno cfk m}ickbcr{

r{i}or& [an agkknf {n}ogfcl u}imlno }ndn}r {i {an billgrgif

id ucb`n{r c{ c }nbngtgfj fikn k~n {i {an rgo~l{cfni~r

{}cfrogrrgif id {airn fiknr {ac{ c}n fi{ zg{agf {an kg}nb{

{}cfrogrrgif }cfjn id {an rnfkn}, m~{ c}n zg{agf {an

{}cfrogrrgif }cfjn id {an }nbngtn}&

>&; Ucb`n{ lirrnr k~n {i {}cfrogrrgif n}}i}r8 Ck aib

zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`r nqun}gnfbnr c o~ba agjan} ucb`n{ lirr

k~n {i dcb{i}r r~ba cr agja mg{ n}}i} }c{n !MN]' gf {an

zg}nlnrr bacffnl, gfb}ncrnk billgrgifr k~n {i {an u}nrnfbn

id agkknf {n}ogfclr, u}nrnfbn id gf{n}dn}nfbn, libc{gif

knunfknf{ bif{nf{gif, ~fg/kg}nb{gifcl lgf`r, d}ns~nf{ uc{a

m}nc`r k~n {i oimglg{w id fiknr, cfk {an gfan}nf{ dckgfj

u}iun}{gnr id {an zg}nlnrr bacffnl&

>&> Oimglg{w/gfk~bnk }i~{n bacfjnr8 [an fn{zi}`

{iuilijw gf cf ck aib zg}nlnrr fn{zi}` gr agjalw

kwfcogb k~n {i {an oitnonf{ id fiknr0 anfbn cf if/

jigfj rnrrgif r~ddn}r d}ns~nf{ uc{a m}nc`r& [agr rg{~c{gif

id{nf lnckr {i d}ns~nf{ }i~{n bacfjnr& [an}ndi}n oimglg{w

ocfcjnonf{ g{rnld gr tn}w tcr{ }nrnc}ba {iugb gf ck aib

fn{zi}`r& Oimglg{w/gfk~bnk ucb`n{ lirrnr8

Bioo~fgbc{gif lgf`r gf cf ck aib fn{zi}` c}n ~fr{cmln

r~ba {ac{ }~ffgfj biftnf{gifcl u}i{ibilr di} OCFN[R

itn} c agja lirr }c{n zgll r~ddn} d}io rntn}n un}di}ocfbn

knj}ckc{gif& Aizntn}, zg{a agja n}}i} }c{n, g{ gr tn}w

o~ba kgddgb~l{ {i knlgtn} c ucb`n{ {i g{r knr{gfc{gif&

>&4 Mc{{n}w bifr{}cgf{r8 [agr gr ifn id {an lgog{nk}nri~}bnr {ac{ di}o c ochi} bifr{}cgf{ di} {an fiknr gf cf

ck aib fn{zi}`& Kntgbnr ~rnk gf {anrn fn{zi}`r actn

}nr{}gb{gifr if {an uizn} ri~}bn gf i}kn} {i ocgf{cgf

ui}{cmglg{w, rgxn cfk zngja{ id {an kntgbn& Mw gfb}ncrgfj {an

uizn} cfk u}ibnrrgfj cmglg{w oc`nr {an fiknr m~l`w cfk

lnrr ui}{cmln& Ri iflw OCFN[ fiknr acr {i iu{gocllw ~rn

{agr }nri~}bn&

>&: Ui{nf{gcllw d}ns~nf{ fn{zi}` uc}{g{gifr8 [an

}cfkiolw oitgfj fiknr gf cf ck aib fn{zi}` bcf lnck {i

fn{zi}` uc}{g{gifr& Gf ochi} bcrnr, {an gf{n}onkgc{n fiknr

c}n {an ifn zagba c}n agjalw cddnb{nk mw {agr uc}{g{gifgfj&

>&1 Ncrn id rfiiugfj if zg}nlnrr {}cfrogrrgifr

!rnb~}g{w grr~nr'8 [an }ckgi bacffnl ~rnk di} ck aibfn{zi}`r gr m}ickbcr{ gf fc{~}n cfk gr rac}nk mw cll {an

fiknr gf {an fn{zi}`& Kc{c {}cfrog{{nk mw c fikn gr

}nbngtnk mw cll {an fiknr zg{agf g{r kg}nb{ {}cfrogrrgif

}cfjn& Ri cf c{{cb`n} bcf ncrglw rfiiu {an kc{c mngfj

{}cfrog{{nk gf {an fn{zi}`& An}n {an }ns~g}nonf{ id

bifdgknf{gclg{w bcf mn tgilc{nk gd cf cktn}rc}w gr clri cmln

{i gf{n}u}n{ {an kc{c jc{an}nk {a}i~ja rfiiugfj&

TG& BIFBL^RGIF

R{~kgnk Ck/aib fn{zi}`r bifbnu{r gf knu{a, zn

mnlgntn {ac{ {anw zgll mn {an d~{~}n id zg}nlnrr

fn{zi}`gfj& G{ gr {}~n {ac{ un}di}ocfbn r~ddn}r cr {an

f~omn} id kntgbnr j}izr cfk lc}jn ck/aib fn{zi}`r

mnbion kgddgb~l{ {i }i~{n cfk ocfcjn& Aizntn}, o~ba

{gon gr mngfj knti{nk {i cbagntgfj }i~{gfj r{cmglg{w, cfk cdnz {nbafgbcl grr~nr fnnk {i mn riltnk mndi}n {anw

mnbion biooif ulcbn& [an c}nc id ck aib fn{zi}`r gr c

tn}w dcr{ j}izgfj c}nc, cfk k~n {i {an tcr{ }nrnc}ba gf

{ano, zn c}n rnngfj {anrn u}imlnor kgrcuunc} cfk {anw

c}n biogfj gf{i c zi}lk id {ang} izf&

]NDN]NFBNR

P3_ B& Un}`gfr cfk N ]iwn}, “Ck Aib If/Knocfk Kgr{cfbn

Tnb{i} ]i~{gfj,‟ =fk GNNN Z`ru& Oimgln Biou& Rwr&

cfk Cuur&, 3777&

P=_ K& Hiafrif cfk K& Ocl{x, “Kwfcogb Ri~}bn ]i~{gfj gf

Ck Aib Zg}nlnrr Fn{zi}`r,‟ Oimgln Biou~{gfj, [&Gognlgfr`g cfk A& @i}{a, Nk&, @l~zn}, 3774&

P2_ GNNN R{k& 15=&33, “Zg}nlnrr LCF Onkg~o Cbbnrr Bif{}il!OCB' cfk Uawrgbcl Lcwn} !UAW' Runbgdgbc{gifr,‟ 377:&

P;_ M& Rbafngn}, Rnb}n{ cfk Lgnr, Kgjg{cl Rnb~}g{w gf c Fn{zi}`nk

Zi}lk , Zglnw, =555&P>_ W& A~, C& Un}}gj, cfk K& Hiafrif, “C}gckfn8 C Rnb~}n

If/knocfk ]i~{gfj U}i{ibil di} Ck Aib Fn{zi}`r,“

CBO OIMGBIO , =55=&

P4_ O& Xcuc{c, cfk F& Cri`cf, “Rnb~}gfj Ck Aib ]i~{gfjU}i{ibilr,‟ CBO ZgRn, =55=&

P:_ M& Kcagll n{ cl&, “C Rnb~}n U}i{ibil di} Ck Aib Fn{zi}`r,“

GNNN GBFU, =55=&

P1_ W& A~, C& Un}}gj, cfk K& Hiafrif, “Ucb`n{ Lncranr8 C

Kndnfrn cjcgfr{ Zi}oailn C{{cb`r gf Zg}nlnrr Fn{zi}`r,‟

GNNN GFDIBIO , =55=&

P7_ F& Mi}grit, G& Jilkmn}j, cfk K& Zcjfn}, “Gf{n}bnu{gfj

Oimgln Bioo~fgbc{gifr8 [an Gfrnb~}g{w id 15=&33,‟

CBO OIMGBIO , =553&P35_ T& J~u{c, R& @}grafco~}{aw, cfk O& Dcli~{rir, “Knfgcl

id Rn}tgbn C{{cb`r c{ {an OCB Lcwn} gf Zg}nlnrr Ck Aib

Fn{zi}`r,‟ GNNN OGLBIO , =55=&

P33_ U& @wcrcf~}, cfk F& Tcgkwc, “Kn{nb{gif cfk Acfklgfj id

OCB Lcwn} Ogrmnactgi} gf Zg}nlnrr Fn{zi}`r,‟ KBB , =552&P3=_ B& Un}`gfr, cfk U& Macjzc{, “Agjalw Kwfcogb Knr{gfc{gif/

Rns~nfbnk Kgr{cfbn/Tnb{i} ]i~{gfj !KRKT' di}

Oimgln Biou~{n}r,‟ CBO RGJBIOO , 377;&

P32_ U& Ucuckgog{}c{ir, cfk X& Accr, “Rnb~}n ]i~{gfj di} Oimgln Ck Aib

Fn{zi}`r,‟ BFKR, =55=&¥






Til~on 3& Biuw}gja{ § =53= [nbafi Di}~o J}i~u, Gfkgc&GRMF8 7:1/13/7=5>:>/:/4 88 kig8 35& :2773)GRMFY5:41

CBO "8 kmn}&gon}c&35& :2773

R~}tnw id ]ncb{gtn ]i~{gfj U}i{ibilr gf Oimgln Ckaib Fn{zi}`r

T& Hcwclc`raog

Crrgr{cf{ U}idnrri}, Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr Knuc}{onf{,R~kac}rcf Nfjgfnn}gfj Billnjn, U~k~``i{{cg,

[coglfck~, Gfkgc

Cmr{}cb{ ‛ C Oimgln ck aib fn{zi}`r !OCFN[r' bifrgr{ id

c billnb{gif id zg}nlnrr oimgln fiknr zagba kwfcogbcllw

nqbacfjn kc{c coifj {anornltnr zg{ai~{ {an }nlgcfbn if c

dgqnk mcrn r{c{gif i} c zg}nk mcb`mifn fn{zi}`& Gf r~ba

fn{zi}`r, {an zg}nlnrr oimgln fiknr ocw kwfcogbcllw nf{n}

{an fn{zi}` cr znll cr lnctn {an fn{zi}`& Gf {an lcr{ 3>

wnc}r, {an zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`gfj bioo~fg{w knrgjfnk c

f~omn} id fnz }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr {c}jn{gfj {an tc}gi~r

rbnfc}gir id {agr knrgjf rucbn& Cfw if/knocfk }i~{gfj

u}i{ibil o~r{ ~{glgxn rion {wun id }i~{gfj bcban gf i}kn} {i

ctigk {an fnnk {i }nkgrbitn} ncba }i~{gfj knbgrgif di} ncbagfkgtgk~cl ucb`n{& Ri, bcbagfj gr cf goui}{cf{ uc}{ id if/

knocfk }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr di} zg}nlnrr ck aib fn{zi}`r [an

imhnb{gtn id {agr ucun} gr {i r~}tnw {an tc}gi~r }ncb{gtn

}i~{gfj u}i{ibilr zagba ~rnr {an }i~{n bcbagfj {nbafgs~n

di} }i~{n }nuirg{i}w cfk biouc}n {ano& Zn r{}gtn {i

~fbitn} {an }ns~g}nonf{r bifrgkn}nk mw {an kgddn}nf{

u}i{ibilr, {an }nri~}bn lgog{c{gifr ~fkn} zagba {anw

iun}c{n, cfk {an knrgjf knbgrgifr ockn mw {an c~{ai}r&

@nwzi}kr‛ Ck aib 0 If knocfk, ]i~{n Bcban, ]i~{gfj

U}i{ibilr

G& G F[]IK^B[GIF

]nbnf{lw, {an}n acr mnnf c {}nonfki~r gf{n}nr{ gf m}ickmcfk zg}nlnrr cbbnrr rwr{nor, gfbl~kgfj zg}nlnrrlibcl c}nc fn{zi}`r !ZLCF', m}ickmcfk zg}nlnrr cbbnrrcfk zg}nlnrr un}rifcl c}nc fn{zi}`r !ZUCF'& [ancktnf{ id ~mgs~g{i~r biou~{gfj cfk {an u}ilgdn}c{gif id ui}{cmln biou~{gfj kntgbnr actn }cgrnk {an goui}{cfbnid oimgln cfk zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`gfj&[agr kiocgf gr c

r~mhnb{ id c a~jn }nrnc}ba cfk ocfw r{cfkc}kgxc{gifcb{gtg{gnr c}n ~fkn}{c`nf {a}i~jai~{ {an zi}lk, gf ocfw

2J);J }nlc{nk r{~kw bioog{{nnr lg`n G[^/], N[RGM]CF cfk GNNN 15=& ]nrnc}ba u}i{i{wugfj gr b~}}nf{lw~fkn}zcw c{ ocfw }nrnc}ba cbcknogb cfk gfk~r{}gclgfr{g{~{gifr P3_&

Gf {an bif{nq{ id {anrn rwr{nor, oimgln ck aib fn{zi}`r!OCFN[r' actn cuunc}nk zg{a runbgdgb bifdgj~}c{gifr&

[anw u}itgkn c uizn}d~l uc}ckgjo di} oiknlgfj iunfrnld/bifdgj~}gfj zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`r cfk rnno ricuu}iu}gc{n {i ~rn gf {an di~}{a jnfn}c{gif id oimglnfn{zi}`r&

C OCFN[ gr cf c~{ifioi~r billnb{gif id oimgln fiknr

di}ogfj c kwfcogb fn{zi}` cfk bioo~fgbc{gfj itn} zg}nlnrr lgf`r& ^rn}r c}n clliznk {i bioo~fgbc{n zg{ancba i{an} gf c {noui}c}w ocffn} zg{a fi bnf{}clgxnkckogfgr{}c{gif cfk gf c kwfcogb {iuilijw {ac{ bacfjnrd}ns~nf{lw& K~n {i {an lgog{nk u}iucjc{gif }cfjn id zg}nlnrr nftg}ifonf{, }i~{nr gf ck aib fn{zi}`r c}n

o~l{gaiu, cfk oimgln fiknr gf {agr fn{zi}` kwfcogbcllwnr{cmlgra }i~{gfj coifj {anornltnr {i di}o {ang} izffn{zi}` “if {an dlw‟ P=_& Ncba uc}{gbguc{gfj fikn cb{r

mi{a cr c air{ cfk c }i~{n} cfk o~r{ {an}ndi}n mn zgllgfj{i di}zc}k ucb`n{r di} i{an} fiknr& Fiknr gf r~ba cfn{zi}` oitn c}mg{}c}glw, {a~r fn{zi}` {iuilijw bacfjnr

d}ns~nf{lw,~fu}nkgb{cmlw, cfk ocw bifrgr{ id ~fgkg}nb{gifcl lgf`r crznll cr mgkg}nb{gifcl lgf`r& Oi}nitn}, zg}nlnrr bacffnl mcfkzgk{a gr lgog{nk& [an rbc}bn mcfkzgk{a knb}ncrnrntnf d~}{an} k~n {i {an nddnb{r id rgjfcl gf{n}dn}nfbn, cfkbacffnl dckgfj& Fn{zi}` air{r id ck aib fn{zi}`r r~ba

cr lcu{iur cfk un}rifcl kgjg{cl crrgr{cf{r iun}c{n ifbifr{}cgfnk mc{{n}w uizn}, zagba zgll ntnf{~cllw mn

nqac~r{nk cfk lgog{nk BU^ cfk r{i}cjn bcucbg{w&OCFN[r r{}gb{lw knunfk if }ckgi lgf`r& Cb{~cllw, c

zg}nlnrr lgf` gr {an oir{ tc}gcmln cfk ~fu}nkgb{cmlnbioo~fgbc{gif bacffnl& Gf ckkg{gif, ck aib fn{zi}`r c}nt~lfn}cmln {i c{{cb`r cfk actn lgog{nk uawrgbcl rnb~}g{w&[an gfb}ncrnk uirrgmglg{w id nctnrk}iuugfj, ruiidgfj cfk

knfgcl/id/rn}tgbn c{{cb`r rai~lk mn bc}nd~llw bifrgkn}nk&Mnbc~rn ck aib fn{zi}`r ki fi{ {wugbcllw clliz {an rconcjj}njc{gif {nbafgs~nr {ac{ c}n ctcglcmln {i r{cfkc}kGf{n}fn{ }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr, {anw c}n t~lfn}cmln {irbclcmglg{w u}imlnor& [anrn k}czmcb`r lnck {i kndgfn crn{ id ~fkn}lwgfj crr~ou{gifr cfk un}di}ocfbn bifbn}fr

di} u}i{ibil knrgjf&Ck aib fn{zi}`r ki fi{ }nlw if cfw u}n/nr{cmlgrankgfd}cr{}~b{~}n cfk bcf {an}ndi}n mn knuliwnk gf ulcbnr

zg{a fi gfd}cr{}~b{~}n& [agr gr ~rnd~l gf O~l{gbcr{gfj acrnon}jnk cr ifn id {an oir{ dib~rnk c}ncr gf {an dgnlk id fn{zi}`gfj& Cr {an {nbafilijw cfk uiu~lc}g{w id {an

Gf{n}fn{ actn j}izf, cuulgbc{gifr {ac{ }ns~g}no~l{gbcr{gfj !n&j&, tgkni bifdn}nfbgfj' c}n mnbiogfj

oi}n zgknru}nck& Cfi{an} gf{n}nr{gfj }nbnf{kntnliuonf{ acr mnnf {an non}jnfbn id kwfcogbcllw}nbifdgj~}cmln zg}nlnrr ck aib fn{zi}`r {i gf{n}biffnb{oimgln ~rn}r di} cuulgbc{gifr }cfjgfj d}io kgrcr{n} }nbitn}w {i kgr{}gm~{nk billcmi}c{gtn biou~{gfj& kgrcr{n} }nbitn}w rg{~c{gifr cfk ulcbnr zg{a fif/nqgr{gfj i}





kcocjnk bioo~fgbc{gif gfd}cr{}~b{~}n zan}n }cugkknuliwonf{ id c bioo~fgbc{gif fn{zi}` gr fnnknk P2_&Ck aib fn{zi}`r bcf clri mn ~rnd~l gf bifdn}nfbnr zan}n uniuln uc}{gbguc{gfj gf {an bifdn}nfbn bcf di}o c

{noui}c}w fn{zi}` zg{ai~{ nfjcjgfj {an rn}tgbnr id cfw u}n/nqgr{gfj

fn{zi}` P;_&]i~{gfj gf oimgln ck aib fn{zi}`r gr c rgjfgdgbcf{}nrnc}ba {iugb zan}n tc}gi~r onbacfgror actn mnnfcl}nckw u}iuirnk bifbn}fgfj {agr grr~n& Gf dcb{,biftnf{gifcl }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr c}n fi{ znll r~g{nk gf ckaib nftg}ifonf{ di} rntn}cl }ncrifr& Dg}r{lw, {anw c}n

knrgjfnk di} r{c{gb {iuilijw, zagba gr fi{ {an bcrn gf ckaib fn{zi}`& Rnbifklw, {anw c}n agjalw knunfknf{ if

un}gikgb bif{}il onrrcjnr0 {agr gr gf bif{}ckgb{gif zg{a}nri~}bn/lgog{nk ck aib nftg}ifonf{& Oi}nitn}, blcrrgbcl u}i{ibilr {}w {i ocgf{cgf }i~{nr {i cll }ncbacmlnknr{gfc{gifr, zagba zcr{nr }nri~}bnr&

Cfi{an} lgog{c{gif bionr d}io {an ~rn id mg/kg}nb{gifcl

lgf`r, zagba gr fi{ clzcwr {an bcrn gf ck aibnftg}ifonf{& Cb{~cllw, {an}n gr c fnnk di} fnz }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr, ckcu{gfj {i {an kwfcogb {iuilijw cfk {anzg}nlnrr lgf`r‗ lgog{c{gifr& ]i~{gfj u}i{ibilr gf r~bafn{zi}`r rai~lk u}itgkn c rn{ id dnc{~}nr gfbl~kgfj P;_8

kgr{}gm~{nk iun}c{gif, liiu d}nnkio, if/knocfk mcrnk iun}c{gif, ~fgkg}nb{gifcl lgf` r~uui}{, uizn}

bifrn}tc{gif, o~l{guln }i~{nr, nddgbgnfbw, rbclcmglg{w,rnb~}g{w cfk s~clg{w id rn}tgbn r~uui}{&[an }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr ocw biooiflw mn bc{nji}gxnk cr{cmln/k}gtnf cfk if/knocfk& Rntn}cl }i~{gfj u}i{ibilractn ~rnk if/knocfk onbacfgror gf ck aib fn{zi}`,cllizgfj {ano {i kwfcogbcllw ckcu{ {an lntnl id }i~{gfj

u}i{ibil cb{gtg{w }ns~g}nk {i bi}}nb{lw acfkln {an iddn}nk{}cddgb& Cfw if/knocfk }i~{gfj u}i{ibil o~r{ ~{glgxnrion {wun id }i~{gfj bcban gf i}kn} {i ctigk {an fnnk {i}nkgrbitn} ncba }i~{gfj knbgrgif di} ncba gfkgtgk~cl ucb`n{& Ri, bcbagfj gr cf goui}{cf{ uc}{ id if/knocfk}i~{gfj u}i{ibilr di} zg}nlnrr ck aib fn{zi}`r& [agr

ucun} kgrb~rrnr {an tc}gi~r }ncb{gtn }i~{gfj u}i{ibilrzagba ~rnr {an }i~{n bcban {nbafgs~n di} r{i}gfj {an

}i~{nr&[agr ucun} gr i}jcfgxnk cr dillizr& Rnb{gif GG jgtnr {anItn}tgnz id {an }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr gf OCFN[r& Rnb{gifGGG jgtnr c m}gnd r~}tnw id {an tc}gi~r }ncb{gtn }i~{gfj

u}i{ibilr zagba ~rnr }i~{n bcban& Rnb{gif GT jgtnr {an

biouc}grif mn{znnf {anrn u}i{ibilr& Dgfcllw, rnb{gif T u}itgknr bifbl~rgif id i~} zi}`&

GG& ITN] TGNZ ID ]I^[GFJ U]I[IBILR

[an mcrgb }i~{gfj u}imlno gr {ac{ id dgfkgfj cf i}kn}nkrn}gnr id gf{n}onkgc{n fiknr {ac{ bcf {}cfrui}{ c ucb`n{cb}irr c fn{zi}` d}io g{r ri~}bn {i g{r knr{gfc{gif mwdi}zc}kgfj {an ucb`n{ clifj {agr rn}gnr id gf{n}onkgc{n

fiknr&[an bacllnfjn gf b}nc{gfj c }i~{gfj u}i{ibil di} ck aib

fn{zi}`r gr {i knrgjf c rgfjln u}i{ibil {ac{ bcf ckcu{ {i{an zgkn tc}gn{w id bifkg{gifr {ac{ bcf mn u}nrnf{ gf cfwck aib fn{zi}` itn} {gon& [an }i~{gfj u}i{ibil o~r{

un}di}o nddgbgnf{lw gf nftg}ifonf{r gf zagba fiknr c}nr{c{gifc}w cfk mcfkzgk{a gr fi{ c lgog{gfj dcb{i}& Wn{, {an

rcon u}i{ibil o~r{ r{gll d~fb{gif nddgbgnf{lw zanf {an mcfkzgk{a ctcglcmln mn{znnf fiknr gr liz cfk {an lntnlid oimglg{w cfk {iuilijw bacfjn gr agja& Mnbc~rn g{ grid{nf gouirrgmln {i `fiz c u}gi}g zac{ nftg}ifonf{ {an

u}i{ibil zgll dgfk g{rnld gf, cfk mnbc~rn {an nftg}ifonf{bcf bacfjn ~fu}nkgb{cmlw, {an }i~{gfj u}i{ibil o~r{ mn

cmln {i ckcu{ c~{ioc{gbcllwOcfw blcrrgdgbc{gifr c}n di~fk gf {an lg{n}c{~}n& Ocfw

u}i{ibilr actn mnnf u}iuirnk di} OCFN[r& [anrn u}i{ibilr bcf mn kgtgknk gf{i {a}nn bc{nji}gnr8 u}icb{gtn,

}ncb{gtn, cfk awm}gk& U}icb{gtn on{aikr ocgf{cgf }i~{nr{i cll fiknr, gfbl~kgfj fiknr {i zagba fi ucb`n{r c}nrnf{& R~ba on{aikr }ncb{ {i {iuilijw bacfjnr, ntnf gd fi{}cddgb gr cddnb{nk mw {an bacfjnr& [anw c}n clri bcllnk{cmln/k}gtnf on{aikr& ]ncb{gtn on{aikr c}n mcrnk ifknocfk di} kc{c {}cfrogrrgif& ]i~{nr mn{znnf air{r c}nkn{n}ogfnk iflw zanf {anw c}n nqulgbg{lw fnnknk {i

di}zc}k ucb`n{r& ]ncb{gtn on{aikr c}n clri bcllnk if/knocfk on{aikr& [anw bcf rgjfgdgbcf{lw }nk~bn }i~{gfj

itn}anck zanf {an {}cddgb gr lgja{zngja{ cfk {an {iuilijwbacfjnr lnrr k}coc{gbcllw, rgfbn {anw ki fi{ fnnk {i~ukc{n }i~{n gfdi}oc{gif un}gikgbcllw cfk ki fi{ fnnk {idgfk cfk ocgf{cgf }i~{nr if zagba {an}n gr fi {}cddgb&Awm}gk on{aikr biomgfn u}icb{gtn cfk }ncb{gtn on{aikr

{i dgfk nddgbgnf{ }i~{nr, zg{ai~{ o~ba bif{}il itn}anck

GGG& ] NCB[GTN ]I^[GFJ U]I[IBILR ‒ C M]GND R^]TNW

OCFN[ gr ifn {ac{ rnc}banr di} cfk {}gnr {i kgrbitn} c}i~{n {i rion knr{gfc{gif fikn iflw zanf c rnfkgfj fiknjnfn}c{nr c kc{c ucb`n{ ckk}nrrnk {i {ac{ fikn& Gf i}kn}

{i ctigk {an fnnk di} r~ba c }i~{n kgrbitn}w {i mn un}di}onk mndi}n ncba kc{c ucb`n{ gr rnf{, r~ba }i~{gfj

u}i{ibilr o~r{ bcban u}ntgi~rlw kgrbitn}nk }i~{nr

Gf {an dillizgfj zn }ntgnz rntn}cl }nu}nrnf{c{gtnnqcoulnr id }ncb{gtn }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr zagba ~rnr }i~{nbcban di} }i~{n }nuirg{i}w

C& Kwfcogb ri~}bn }i~{gfj !KR]'

Hiafrif n{ cl& u}iuirn ifn id {an oir{ zgknlw `fizf}i~{gfj clji}g{aor, bcllnk Kwfcogb Ri~}bn ]i~{gfj P>_zagba gr cf “if/knocfk‟ clji}g{ao cfk g{ acr }i~{n

kgrbitn}w cfk }i~{n ocgf{nfcfbn uacrnr&]i~{n kgrbitn}w bif{cgfr mi{a }i~{n }ns~nr{ cfk }i~{n}nulw onrrcjnr& Gf {an }i~{n kgrbitn}w uacrn, zanf c

fikn zgranr {i rnfk c onrrcjn, g{ dg}r{ m}ickbcr{r c }i~{n}ns~nr{ ucb`n{ {i g{r fngjami}r& Ntn}w fikn zg{agf c m}ickbcr{ }cfjn ckkr {ang} fikn gk {i {an }i~{n }ns~nr{

ucb`n{ cfk }nm}ickbcr{r& Ntnf{~cllw, ifn id {an m}ickbcr{onrrcjnr zgll }ncba ng{an} {an knr{gfc{gif i} c fiknzagba acr c }nbnf{ }i~{n {i {an knr{gfc{gif& Rgfbn ncbafikn ocgf{cgfr c }i~{n bcban, g{ dg}r{ banb`r g{r bcban di} c }i~{n {ac{ oc{banr {an }ns~nr{nk knr{gfc{gif&Ocgf{cgfgfj c }i~{n bcban gf ntn}w fikn }nk~bnr {anitn}anck jnfn}c{nk mw c }i~{n kgrbitn}w uacrn& Gd c }i~{ngr di~fk gf {an }i~{n bcban, {an fikn zgll }n{~}f c }i~{n

}nulw onrrcjn {i {an ri~}bn fikn }c{an} {acf di}zc}kgfj{an }i~{n }ns~nr{ onrrcjn d~}{an}& [an dg}r{ ucb`n{ {ac{

}ncbanr {an knr{gfc{gif fikn zgll actn c biouln{n }i~{n&KR] crr~onr {ac{ {an uc{a im{cgfnk gr {an rai}{nr{ rgfbn





g{ {c`nr gf{i bifrgkn}c{gif {an dg}r{ ucb`n{ {i c}}gtn c{ {anknr{gfc{gif fikn& C }i~{n }nulw ucb`n{ gr rnf{ {i {anri~}bn zagba bif{cgfr {an biouln{n }i~{n d}io {anri~}bn {i {an knr{gfc{gif& [a~r, {an ri~}bn fikn `fizr g{r

}i~{n {i {an knr{gfc{gif fikn cfk bcf gfg{gc{n {an }i~{gfjid {an kc{c ucb`n{r& [an ri~}bn bcbanr {agr }i~{n gf g{r

}i~{n bcban&

Gf {an }i~{n ocgf{nfcfbn uacrn, }i~{n n}}i} cfkcb`fizlnkjnonf{r ucb`n{r c}n ~rnk& KR] nfr~}nr {antclgkg{w id {an nqgr{gfj }i~{nr mcrnk if {ancb`fizlnkjnonf{r }nbngtnk d}io {an fngjami~}gfj

fiknr {ac{ kc{c ucb`n{r actn mnnf {}cfrog{{nk {i {an fnq{aiu& Cb`fizlnkjnonf{ ucb`n{r clri gfbl~kn ucrrgtn

cb`fizlnkjnonf{r cr {an fikn itn}anc}r {an fnq{ aiufngjami~} gr di}zc}kgfj {an ucb`n{ clifj {an }i~{n {i {anknr{gfc{gif& C }i~{n n}}i} ucb`n{ gr jnfn}c{nk zanf cfikn nfbi~f{n}r c {}cfrogrrgif u}imlno zagba oncfr

{ac{ c fikn acr dcglnk {i }nbngtn cf cb`fizlnkjnonf{&

[agr }i~{n n}}i} ucb`n{ gr rnf{ {i {an ri~}bn gf i}kn} {igfg{gc{n c fnz }i~{n kgrbitn}w uacrn& ^uif }nbngtgfj {an}i~{n n}}i} onrrcjn, fiknr }noitn d}io {ang} }i~{nbcbanr {an }i~{n nf{}w ~rgfj {an m}i`nf lgf`&

M& Lgf` ctcglcmglg{w/mcrnk SiR/czc}n !LMCS' }i~{gfj

W~ n{ cl& u}iuirn {an LMCS P4_ }i~{gfj u}i{ibil mcrnkif fikn oimglg{w u}nkgb{gif cfk lgf` s~clg{woncr~}nonf{& Zagln c fikn oitnr, g{ ocw nqun}gnfbntc}wgfj bcucbg{w, }nlgcmglg{w cfk mcfkzgk{a ctcglcmglg{w&Gfr{nck id {}wgfj {i u}nkgb{ {an oimglg{w uc{{n}fr id {anoimgln lgf`r, {an lgf` ctcglcmglg{w gr gfbi}ui}c{nk gf{i {an

}i~{gfj on{}gbr {i anlu baiirn {an lgf` zg{a {an agjanr{ctcglcmglg{w gf {an }i~{n& [an nqunb{nk {}cfrogrrgif bi~f{!N[Q' clifj zg{a uizn} bifr~ou{gif gr clri ~rnk cr c}i~{n on{}gb& [an }i~{n on{}gbr ~rnk c}n8

Lgf` ctcglcmglg{w8 u}imcmglg{w {ac{ {zi fiknr id c lgf` r{cw

kg}nb{lw biffnb{nk c{ c {gon {5 + { u}itgknk {ac{ {anw zn}nbiffnb{nk c{ {gon {5&

Lgf` s~clg{w8 {an f~omn} id }n{}cfrogrrgifr }ns~g}nk {irnfk c ucb`n{ if c lgf` mn{znnf {zi fiknr !N[Q'& [agr grbiou~{nk mw oncr~}gfj {an lirr }c{n id m}ickbcr{ ucb`n{r

mn{znnf {an fikn ucg}r&

Nfn}jw bifr~ou{gif8 uizn} bifr~ou{gif c{ ncba aiu&

^rgfj {an on{}gbr cmitn, c biomgfnk bir{ d~fb{gif grknrgjfnk mcrnk if zagba {an }i~{n gr bifr{}~b{nk&Kg![g'?β5!Ng'+β3!Sg'+β=!3/Lg!{'',zan}n β5, β3 cfk β= ? 3 ∝

β5 ∝ β3 c}n {an zngja{gfj binddgbgnf{r, Lg cfk Sg c}nctcglcmglg{w cfk s~clg{w id lgf` g, Ng gr {an nfn}jw

bifr~onk if lgf` g, [g gr {an {}cddgb bc}}gnk if uc{a g, cfkKg gr {an dgfcl bir{ id {an }i~{n& C ri~}bn fikn rnfkr c

]]NS ucb`n{ k~}gfj }i~{n kgrbitn}w& Zanf cfgf{n}onkgc{n fikn }nbngtnr {agr ]]NS ucb`n{, g{bclb~lc{nr g{r izf bir{ d}io {an ns~c{gif cmitn cfkdi}zc}kr {an ucb`n{ zg{a {agr fnz gfdi}oc{gif& [an {i{cl

bir{ {i {an knr{gfc{gif gr biou~{nk zanf {an ]]NS}ncbanr {an knr{gfc{gif fikn& C{ {an knr{gfc{gif, {an fikn

zcg{r di} c dgqnk f~omn} id ]]NSr mndi}n rnlnb{gfj {an}i~{n zg{a {an lncr{ bir{& Gd c lgf` m}nc`r, {anf cfcl{n}fc{n }i~{n gr rnlnb{nk di} kc{c {}cfrogrrgif&

B& Jc{an}gfj mcrnk }i~{gfj u}i{ibil !J]U'

Caf u}nrnf{r {an jc{an}gfj mcrnk }i~{gfj u}i{ibilP:_zagba billnb{r fn{zi}` gfdi}oc{gif k~}gfj }i~{n

kgrbitn}w {i mn ~rnk lc{n} mw {an ri~}bn fikn& Gfg{gcllw,{an ri~}bn fikn m}ickbcr{r c knr{gfc{gif s~n}w !KS' ucb`n{ zagba gr bif{gf~i~rlw di}zc}knk {izc}kr {anknr{gfc{gif& [agr u}ibnrr gr rgoglc} {i {an }i~{n kgrbitn}w u}ibnrr gf KR] i} CIKT ~rgfj ]]NSr& Zanf {an KS}ncbanr {an knr{gfc{gif fikn, c fn{zi}` gfdi}oc{gifjc{an}gfj !FGJ' ucb`n{ gr di}zc}knk mw {an knr{gfc{gif&[agr FGJ ucb`n{ gr {anf u}iucjc{nk itn} {an nf{g}n

fn{zi}` billnb{gfj gfdi}oc{gif& Ntn}w FGJ ucb`n{ grcrrgjfnk c rns~nfbn f~omn}& Fiknr }nbngtgfj c FGJ ucb`n{ zg{a c fnz rns~nfbn f~omn} c{{cba fn{zi}`

gfdi}oc{gif {i {agr ucb`n{ cfk di}zc}k g{ clifj nddnb{gtni~{jigfj lgf`r !NILr'& NILr c}n {airn lgf`r gf zagba {an FGJ ucb`n{r c}n fi{ }nbngtnk& Ifbn {an FGJ ucb`n{

c}}gtnr c{ {an ri~}bn fikn, {an iu{gocl uc{a gr bclb~lc{nk mw {an ri~}bn fikn mcrnk if {an billnb{nk fn{zi}` gfdi}oc{gif& Kc{c ucb`n{r c}n {anf {}cfrog{{nk {a}i~ja{agr bclb~lc{nk }i~{n&

K& Ri~}bn }i~{gfj zg{a libcl }nbitn}w !RL]'

Rnfj~l cfk @}ctn{r P1_ r{c}{ d}io {an imrn}tc{gif {ac{cl{ai~ja if/knocfk }i~{gfj }nk~bnr {an bir{ id }i~{gfjgf agja oimglg{w nftg}ifonf{r, {an }i~{n kgrbitn}w

u}ibnrr, zagba gr {wugbcllw kifn {a}i~ja fn{zi}`/zgkndliikgfj, bifr~onr c rgjfgdgbcf{ coi~f{ id mcfkzgk{a&[agr gr nrunbgcllw nqunfrgtn gd {an }i~{n kgrbitn}w o~r{ mn }nunc{nk k~n {i lgf`r m}i`nf k~n {i fikn oimglg{w& [i

cllntgc{n {agr u}imlno, {an c~{ai}r u}iuirn mwucrr}i~{gfj, c u}ibnrr zagba uc{banr c }i~{n ~rgfj libclgfdi}oc{gif cbs~g}nk if/knocfk, zg{ai~{ {an fnnk id fn{zi}`/zgkn dliikgfj& [an RL] u}i{ibil gr cfgoulnonf{c{gif nqcouln id {an mwucrr }i~{gfj cuu}icba&Mwucrr }i~{gfj gf RL] libclgxnr {an }ncb{gif {i c }i~{n

dcgl~}n cfk gfg{gc{nr iflw c libcl }nbitn}w u}ibnk~}n&^rgfj lgf` r{c{n gfdi}oc{gif d}io {an OCB lcwn}, c libcl uc{ba if {an }i~{n gr b}nc{nk mwucrrgfj {an m}i`nf lgf`&

Mw ~rgfj libcl }nbitn}w zg{a lgf` r{c{n gfdi}oc{gif, {anbacfbnr id }nbitn}gfj d}io c m}i`nf }i~{n gfb}ncrnr&Zanf c }i~{n dcglr, dg}r{ {an libcl }i~{n bcban gr rnc}bank

di} cf cl{n}fc{n }i~{n& Gd fi }i~{n gr ctcglcmln, mwucrr}nbitn}w gr gfg{gc{nk mw s~n}wgfj {an fngjami}r& Mcrnk if}nulgnr d}io {anrn fiknr, {an uc{a gr cjcgf }nbifr{}~b{nk&OCB bcbanr u}itgkn {an biffnb{gtg{w gfdi}oc{gif {igoonkgc{n ifn/aiu fngjami}r cfk {an r{c{n gr ~ukc{nk mwncba fikn zanfntn} cfw bioo~fgbc{gif gr anc}k gf {anfngjami}aiik& OCB bcbanr clri anlu kn{n}ogfn {antclgkg{w id {an }i~{nr gf {an }i~{n bcbanr& N}}i} }nbitn}w

gr gfg{gc{nk mw rcltcjgfj ~rnk }i~{n bcbanr, mwucrr}nbitn}w cfk n}}i} }nui}{gfj !rnn Dgj 3'& [an fikn lii`r

di} cl{n}fc{gtn }i~{nr {i {an knr{gfc{gif gf g{r bcban {ircltcjn c ucb`n{& Gd {an rcltcjnk ucb`n{ }ncbanr g{r





knr{gfc{gif, {onrrcjn d}i}i~{n gr gf dc

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bi~f{ gr rc}kr {an knr{

mlnr fiknrUS cfk }nulw

GT& B

Ri~}bn }i~{gf

a gf{n}nr{ di} rifr di} {agr&bngtnk cr{ibilr d}iobgdgb {i ck{gfj gr mnrc}fc{gifr id {

mglg{w id {anznnf c ri~} ui}c}w gf fccfk, m~{ {an

{ {an nddgbgnfgjf bifrgkn} Ifn id {an~{ {an acfklg

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d~{~}n

LCMbifrgbaclln

n fitnl fc{~} nc}ban}r {in id fn{zi} i}w cfk dli`j}i~fk'&}kgrbgulgfc}w

jgfc{nk }i~{gfactn cf c

}icba&

f ~rnr c ogoglc} {i c ]

nk {a}i~jai~

{gfc{gif, {anO]]U `nn}bn cfk knr{

{n }nucg} zakizf& C }nf{ id {ac{ fdcgl~}n& C

g{ acr c rctn ucg} }nulw !iouc}nk zg{clln}, g{ u}i

gfc{gif, nlrnlirn} {i {anzg{a c tclgk

OUC]GRIF Iu}i{ibilr a

{an ck aib biDg}r{, zagln {q{nfrgifr i{an zg}nk kaib fn{zi}

{ ckcu{nkan ck aib fn{

fiknr gr rin cfk c knr~}n& Fi{ ifl u}imcmglg{w

bw id }nruif{gif&cgf gou}itnj id }nbitn}

io rntn}cl kg

tgfj {an run

ilr id {agrgb }i~{n }nu

r }i~{gfj'&

gfj uc{ar za8 LMCS P4

lgf` ctcglcmgl

P4_ nq{nfn}gfj {an Sjn&

id ri~}bn i}g}cfba i~{ d} `gfj !zagbaz iu{gogxc{C f~omncuu}icbanr

j& Gf {an ucu u}icba mcrn

cgf }i~{n }ns]NS ucb`n{ g{ {an fn{zi}

cgf }i~{n }nr {}cb` id {gfc{gif& [agr

nf c uc}{gb~l ucg} s~n}w !kn gr di}zc} ikn }nbngtg

}i~{n {i {anNU]'0 i{an}

a g{r izf ai ucjc{nr {an{an ucb`n{ grknr{gfc{gifcb`~u }i~{n&

[AN U]I[IBctn mnnf c }n

oo~fg{w& [a mln k}gtnf u}

ckcu{c{gifiocgf, }ncb{g`r& D~}{an} i {an oirzi}`r8 rg{~c{g

agja {ac{ cf{gfc{gif zgll{ac{ }i~{nrd c }i~{n dcgl

kgfj {i dcgl~

onf{ kg}nb{gw id dcglnk }i

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k id }nm~glkg

blcrr c}n lcg} P35_ , RL

gba c}n u}nkgb_ !mcrnk if

lg{w'&

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gjgfc{nk }i~{gio {an {}ckggoulgnr }nlgcgif cr {an

id gffctn mnnf cu

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~nr{ !O]NSf CIKT& [a` cfk ifbn g

lw !O]]U' gan aiu bi~faiu bi~f{ g

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knr{gfc{gif& Gzgrn, {an ai

bi~f{& Gd g{]NUS ucb`nk}iuunk& [agi }nbngtn {a

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id nqgr{gfgtn }i~{gfj gi}n, }ncb{gt

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nr gr c ochi

fr actn mnn~{nr& [agr bc

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iz itn}anc] P1_ !~rgf

{nk {i mn oi} u}nkgb{gif i

mcrnlgfn mtgbn Fn{zi}

j nfbi~}cjngifcl biodifbn if j}cuoc{anoc{gbtc{gtn cflgnk {i ri~}b

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BIOUC]GRIF ID O^L[GBCR[ U]I[IBILR

U}i{ibil O~l{guln ]i~{nr ]i~{n On{}gb ]i~{n ]nm~glkgfjBioo~fgbc{gif

Itn} anck

KR] Wnr Rai}{nr{ uc{a i} fnq{

ctcglcmln

Fnz }i~{n

Cfk fi{gdw

Agja

W~ n{ cl Fi Rai}{nr{ Uc{a i} mcb`~u}i~{n

Libcl Mcb`~u Onkg~o

LCMS Wnr Lgf` ctcglcmglg{wS~clg{w , cfk Nfn}jw~rnk

Rcon cr KR] i} libcl }nucg}

Agja

J]U Wnr Rai}{nr{ Uc{a Mcb`~u }i~{n Agja

RL] Wnr Rai}{nr{ Uc{a i} fnq{ctcglcmln uc{a

Fnz }i~{n cfkfi{gdw ri~}bn

Agja

Mn}clkgn{ cl&

Wnr Agf{ tcl~n Libcl m}ickbcr{ Agja

T& BIFBL^RGIFR

Gf {agr ucun}, zn actn }ntgnznk cfk biouc}nk rntn}cl}nu}nrnf{c{gtn u}i{ibilr& Zagln kgddn}nf{ blcrrnr id u}i{ibiliun}c{n ~fkn} kgddn}nf{ rbnfc}gir, {anw ~r~cllw rac}n {an

biooif jicl {i }nk~bn bif{}il ucb`n{ itn}anck, ocqgogxn{a}i~jau~{, cfk ogfgogxn {an nfk/{i/nfk knlcw& [an ocgfkgddn}nf{gc{gfj dcb{i} mn{znnf {an u}i{ibilr gr {an zcwr id dgfkgfj cfk)i} ocgf{cgfgfj {an }i~{nr mn{znnf ri~}bn‒ knr{gfc{gif ucg}r& [an kntnliuonf{ id {an ck aib }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr itn} {an lcr{ 3> wnc}r gr cf nqcouln id ifn id {anoir{ rwr{noc{gb nquli}c{gifr id c knrgjf rucbn gf {an agr{i}w

id biou~{n} rbgnfbn& Cl{ai~ja, blnc}lw, fnzn} u}i{ibilr actn m~gl{ ~uif {an nc}lgn} ifnr, zn bcffi{ gknf{gdw c rgfjln “mnr{‟ u}i{ibil& Cloir{ cll {an u}i{ibilr zn kgrb~rrnk gf {agr ucun} actn {ang} izf rznn{ rui{ knuliwonf{ rbnfc}gir cfk un}di}ocfbn on{}gb biomgfc{gifr zan}n {anw i~{un}di}o {ang} bioun{g{i}r& D}io {an uigf{ id tgnz id {an u}cb{g{gifn}, {agr

b}nc{nr c rn}gi~r u}imlno& [i knuliw cf ck aib fn{zi}` zg{acf iu{gocl un}di}ocfbn, g{ }ns~g}nr c tn}w bc}nd~l cfclwrgr id {an rbnfc}gi cfk g{r }ns~g}nonf{r, cfk {an cuu}iu}gc{n baigbnid {an }i~{gfj u}i{ibil d}io {an kixnfr cuulgbcmln gf {anbif{nq{

] NDN]NFBNR

P3_ a{{u8))zzz&gn{d&i}j)a{ol&bac}{n}r)ocfn{/bac}{n}&a{ol

P=_ H& M}iba, K& Ocl{x, K& Hiafrif, W& A~, H& Hn{bantc& “C un}di}ocfbn

biouc}grif id o~l{g aiu zg}nlnrr ck aib fn{zi}` }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr“,OIMGBIO 71

& J& Ung, O& Jn}lc, Q& Aifj& “LCFOC]8 lcfkoc}` }i~{gfj di} lc}jn rbcln

zg}nlnrr ck aib fn{zi}`r zg{a j}i~u oimglg{w“, U}ib& Id GNNN)CBOOimgAib =555, Mir{if, OC, C~j~r{ =555&

P3_ [ifw Lc}rrif, Fgb`lcr Ankocf& “]i~{gfj u}i{ibilr gf zg}nlnrr ck aib

fn{zi}`r ‒ C rgo~lc{gif r{~kw‟, Ocr{n} [anrgr, R{ib`ailo n}gbrrif

rzg{bank lcm& 3771&

P>_ K&M& Hiafrif, K&C& Ocl{x cfk H& M}iba, KR]8 {an kwfcogb ri~}bn}i~{gfj u}i{ibil di} o~l{g/aiu zg}nlnrr ck aib fn{zi}`r, B&N& Un}`gfr,

Nkg{i}, Ck Aib Fn{zi}`gfj, Ckkgrif/Znrlnw !=553', uu& 327‒3:=

!Bacu{n} >'&P4_ O& W~, C& Ocltcf c}, Z& R~ cfk R& Dii, C lgf` ctcglcmglg{w/mcrnk

SiR/czc}n }i~{gfj u}i{ibil di} oimgln ck aib rnfri} fn{zi}`r&

Biou~{n} Bioo~fgbc{gifr, 25 31 !=55:', uu& 21=2‒2123&P:_ B& Caf, Jc{an}gfj/mcrnk }i~{gfj u}i{ibil gf oimgln ck aib fn{zi}`r&

Biou~{n} Bioo~fgbc{gifr, 25 3 !=554', uu& =5=‒=54& C}{gbln

P1_ B& Rnfj~l cfk ]& @}ctn{r, Mwucrr }i~{gfj8 cf if/knocfk libcl}nbitn}w u}i{ibil di} ck aib fn{zi}`r& Ck Aib Fn{zi}`r, ; 2 !=554',

uu& 215‒27:&P7_ ]& Mn}clkg, L& S~n}xifg cfk ]& Mclkifg, C agf{/mcrnk u}imcmglgr{gb

u}i{ibil di} ~fgbcr{ bioo~fgbc{gifr gf OCFN[r& Ck Aib

Fn{zi}`r, ; > !=554', uu& >;:‒>44&

P35_ B& W~, [&/@& Z~ cfk ]& Banfj, C liz itn}anck kwfcogb }i~{n

}nucg}gfj onbacfgro di} oimgln ck aib fn{zi}`r& Biou~{n} Bioo~fgbc{gifr, 25 > !=55:', uu& 33>=‒3342&






GRMF8 7:1/13/7=5>:>/:/4 88 kig8 35& :2771)GRMFY5:41

CBO "8 kmn}&gon}c&35& :2771

Fikn Blcrrgdgbc{gif di} Nfn}jw Nddgbgnf{ cfk ]nlgcmln Agn}c}bagbcl ZRF U}i{ibil

Fgfj R~fKnu{& id Biou~{n} RbgnfbnBa~fjm~` Fc{gifcl fgtn}rg{w

Banifjh~, @i}nc

Rcfj/ai LnnKnu{& id Rid{zc}nBa~fjm~` Fc{gifcl fgtn}rg{w

Banifjh~, @i}nc

Cmr{}cb{‛Nfn}jw Nddgbgnfbw gr cf goui}{cf{ dcb{i} {i knrgjf c

zg}nlnrr rnfri} fn{zi}` !ZRF'& Oncfzagln, kc{c }nlgcmglg{w gr

cfi{an} goui}{cf{ grr~n di} ZRF& Mi{a id {ano bcf mn

im{cgfnk mw knrgjfgfj cf nddgbgnf{ OCB i} }i~{gfj u}i{ibil& Gf

{agr ucun}, zn u}iuirnk cf nfn}jw nddgbgnf{ cfk }nlgcmln

bl~r{n}gfj agn}c}bagbcl OCB cfk }i~{gfj u}i{ibil di} ZRFr&

Cbbi}kgfj {i {an kgddn}nf{ d~fb{gifr fiknr oc`n gf {an

fn{zi}`, zn b}nc{gtnlw blcrrgdw rnfri} fiknr gf{i dgtnbc{nji}gnr& Mw ckiu{gfj kgddn}nf{ OCB cfk }i~{gfj r{}c{njw {i

kgddn}nf{ bc{nji}w, i~} u}iuirnk onbacfgro }nk~bnr nfn}jw

bifr~ou{gif cfk u}itgknr kc{c }nlgcmglg{w gf c ocqgo~o&

@nwzi}kr/ ZRF, zg}nlnrr rnfri} fn{zi}`, nfn}jw nddgbgnfbw, }nlgcmglg{w, bl~r{n}, agn}c}bagbcl, OCB, o~l{g/uc{a }i~{gfj u}i{ibil

G& G F[]IK^B[GIF

C ZRF bcf mn i}jcfgxnk mw a~fk}nkr {i {ai~rcfkr id rnfri} fiknr& [an rnfri} fiknr billnb{ kc{c {a}i~ja rnfrgfjcfk oifg{i}gfj d}io {ang} nftg}ifonf{ cfk dgfcllw rnfk {i{an mcrn r{c{gif di} d~}{an}gfj u}ibnrrgfj& ZRFr bcf mncuulgbcmln gf ocfw kiocgfr, r~ba cr oglg{c}w cb{gtg{gnr,bif{}il cfk c~{ioc{gif, nftg}ifonf{ oifg{i}gfj, ancl{abc}n,rnb~}g{w cfk r~}tngllcfbn, roc}{ aion cfk m~glkgfj, tnagbln{}cb`gfj cfk kn{nb{gif, n{b&

Cr oir{ rnfri} fiknr actn lg{{ln bir{ cfk rgxn zg{abifr{}cgfnk u}ibnrri}r, lgog{nk onoi}w rgxn, liz mg{ }c{nbioo~fgbc{gifr cfk liz nfn}jw bcucmglg{w& K~n {i {agr,nfn}jw rctgfj gr clzcwr c }noc}`cmln grr~n cfk jn{r o~bac{{nf{gif di} c ZRF u}i{ibil knrgjf& A~fk}nkr id OCB cfk}i~{gfj u}i{ibilr actn mnnf u}iuirnk cfk knuliwnk ~f{glfiz zg{a {an u~}uirn id rctgfj nfn}jw&

Oir{ nfn}jw nddgbgnf{ }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr cuulgnkagn}c}bagbcl r{}~b{~}n r~ba cr bl~r{n} mcrnk r{}~b{~}n cr gf P3_&Agn}c}bagbcl r{}~b{~}n bi~lk j}nc{lw }nk~bn f~omn} id kg}nb{bioo~fgbc{gifr mn{znnf rnfri} fiknr cfk mcrn r{c{gif,ntnf{~cllw imtgi~rlw knb}ncrn nfn}jw bifr~ou{gif gf {anzailn fn{zi}` cfk u}ilifj fn{zi}` lgdn{gon& Cbbi~f{gfj di} {an cktcf{cjnr id {agr on{aik, i~} ucun} ~rnk bl~r{n}gfjagn}c}bagbcl r{}~b{~}n {ii&

Gf {an tgnz id OCB u}i{ibil, nfn}jw zcr{n ocgflwbionr d}io {an dillizgfj ri~}bnr8 gkln lgr{nfgfj, kc{cbillgrgif, itn}anc}gfj cfk bif{}il ucb`n{ itn}anck, n{b&Nfn}jw nddgbgnf{ OCB u}i{ibilr cbagntn nfn}jw rctgfjr mw

bif{}illgfj {an }ckgi {i }nk~bn nfn}jw zcr{n bc~rnk mw {anrnri~}bnr& OCB u}i{ibilr di} ZRFr bcf mn bc{nji}gxnk gf{i{zi ocgf j}i~ur8 rbank~ln/mcrnk cfk bif{nf{gif/mcrnk

u}i{ibilr& Gf i~} u}iuirnk onbacfgro, cbbi}kgfj {i kgddn}nf{ uacrnr, zn ~{glgxnk kgddn}nf{ OCB u}i{ibilr {i }nk~bn {annfn}jw bifr~ou{gif dlnqgmlw&

Gf i~} ucun}, kc{c }nlgcmglg{w gr clri bifrgkn}nk, zagba gr

kndgfnk cr {an r~bbnrrd~l nfk/{i/nfk kc{c/knlgtn}w }c{gi, acr mnnf cfi{an} goui}{cf{ grr~n gf ZRFr& Ochi} ril~{gifr P4,1_di} kc{c }nlgcmglg{w id ZRF c}n mcrnk if {an o~l{g/uc{a}i~{gfj uc}ckgjo, zagba u}itgknr ncba rnfri} zg{acl{n}fc{gtn uc{ar& Gf {an uacrn id kc{c {}cfrogrrgif d}io BAr{i MR, zn un}di}or o~l{g/uc{a clji}g{ao mi{a gf }i~{gfj cfkOCB u}i{ibilr&

Gf i}kn} {i }nclgxn {an cmitn r{}c{njgnr, zn blcrrgdw rnfri} fiknr gf{i rntn}cl bc{nji}gnr, cbbi}kgfj {i {ang} kgddn}nf{ }ilngf kgddn}nf{ uacrn& Di} ncba bc{nji}w, g{ nqnb~{nr cl{n}fc{gtn}i~{gfj cfk OCB u}i{ibil cfk clri rion runbgdgb d~fb{gifr,r~ba cr kc{c cjj}njc{gif, nfn}jw clc}o, }ckgi bif{}il,rbank~ln jnfn}c{gif, n{b&

[an }nocgfkn} id {agr ucun} gr i}jcfgxnk cr dillizr8

Rnb{gif = u}nrnf{r {an }nlc{nk zi}`r& Rnb{gif 2 knrb}gmnr {anblcrrgdgbc{gif id rnfri} fiknr cfk nqulcgfr {an kn{cglnkd~fb{gif cfk clji}g{aor id ncba bc{nji}w& Rnb{gif ;gf{}ik~bnr {an u}ibnrr id i~} u}iuirnk }i~{gfj cfk OCB

u}i{ibil mcrnk if {an fikn blcrrgdgbc{gif gf rnb{gif 2& Dgfcllw,rnb{gif > k}czr bifbl~rgifr cfk raizr {an d~{~}n zi}`r&

GG& ] NLC[NK ZI]@R

Agn}c}bagbcl !bl~r{n}gfj' }i~{gfj {nbafgs~nr bcf cgk gf}nk~bgfj nfn}jw bifr~ou{gif& [an nrrnf{gcl iun}c{gif gfbl~r{n}gfj gr {i kgtgkn {an fn{zi}` gf{i rntn}cl tg}{~clbl~r{n}r, dg}r{lw rnlnb{ c rn{ id bl~r{n} anckr, cfk {anf di}ogfjbl~r{n}r zg{a {an }nocgfgfj fiknr& Bl~r{n} anckr c}n}nruifrgmln di} bii}kgfc{gif coifj {an fiknr zg{agf {ang}

bl~r{n}r cfk cjj}njc{gif id }nbngtnk kc{c, cfkbioo~fgbc{gif zg{a ncba i{an} cfk {an mcrn r{c{gif& [anrnfrnk kc{c c}n cjj}njc{nk, cfk {anf rnf{ {i {an mcrn r{c{gif

mw bl~r{n} anckr& Cr raizf gf P3_, {an bl~r{n}gfj bcfimtgi~rlw }nk~bn {an bioo~fgbc{gif itn}anck di} mi{argfjln/aiu cfk o~l{g/aiu zg}nlnrr rnfri} fn{zi}`r& LNCBAP3_ gr c blcrrgbcl bl~r{n}gfj agn}c}bagbcl u}i{ibil, zagbagfbi}ui}c{nr }cfkiogxnk }i{c{gif id {an agja/nfn}jw bl~r{n} anck uirg{gif coifj {an rnfri}r {i ctigk k}cgfgfj {an nfn}jwid cfw ifn rnfri} gf {an fn{zi}`& Gf {agr zcw, {an nfn}jwlick id mngfj c bl~r{n} anck gr ntnflw kgr{}gm~{nk coifj {anfiknr& Mngfj c bl~r{n} anckn} gr o~ba oi}n nfn}jw gf{nfrgtn{acf mngfj c fif/bl~r{n} anckn} fikn& LNCBA gfbi}ui}c{nr





g

cfkiogxnkirg{gif& If

bifrgkn} {anan}ncr zn k

clji}g{ao& Rkwfcogb fn{bl~r{n}r, f~o}gi}g, m~{ gfg{a {an knu

bacfjn ntn}wlc}jn rgxn id izn} {i bioi{ }nclgr{gb d

mn{znnf BA c[an r~m

lg{n}c{~}nr P3,anck kgr{}gm~

ailn fn{zi}ilifjnk& [izntn}, cll

clji}g{ao id cjj}njc{nk kgoui}{cf{, {~c}cf{nnk&

Ri~}bnr ibillgrgifr, it

oifj {ano,itn} ifn/acld k~}gfj g{r lgdn}i{ibilr gr {

lgr{nfgfj, itnddgbgnf{ OCcfk bif{nf{g

~l{guln cbbncbagntnk mw kanf cllibc{gfikn& Fiknr {NCBA u}i{

bl~r{n}& [an {dgj~}n 2!c'&

i{c{gif id {rai}{biogf

nfn}jw dcb{inrgjfnk cf obifklw, LNi}`& G{ grn} id fiknr'}nclg{w {anrnln{gif id fi}i~fk kwfcog

RF& G{ gr crro~fgbc{n zg{i} c lc}jn rbfk MR gr o~l{rns~nf{ LN,2,;_ oir{lwgif, ri {ac{}` gr }nk~bnn r{}~b{~}n i{anrn agn}c}bbl~r{n} di}oc{c {}cfrogrrgn }nlgcmglg{w

Dgj~}n 3& Bl~r{n

d nfn}jw zcr{n}anc}gfj, nq

nfn}jw zcr{id {an {i{cl n{gon& [an oc}nk~bn nfn}j

n}anc}gfj cfB u}i{ibilr gif/mcrnk u} rr' gr c {wugbgtgkgfj {an }cj ~fgs~n {gc`n {~}fr zc` bil, g{ ~rnr [gon lgfn id ir{ bl~r{n}gf

an agja nfnid LNCBAzanf nlnb{g}n nddgbgnf{ bBA kinrf‗{nbc~rn uc}cc}n u}ij}co uc}con{n}r bnr& [anrn ubcllw& LNCBonk {ac{ ntni{an}r cfk

ln ZRF& Rig/aiu gf i~} uCBA/iu{gogxgou}itn {an{an nfn}jw bk cfk {and bl~r{n}gfj ggbcl u}i{ibil

{gif, jgtn lg{{f& Rgfbn {an

id {}cfro

}gfj r{}~b{~}n di

gf ZRFr gfbnrrgtn onrr

nk mw gkln lgrn}jw bifr~ogf imhnb{gtnw zcr{n bc~rnk nqbnrrgtngfbl~kn rbani{ibil& [Kcl ril~{gif d kgi d}ns~nfbwn rli{r {i nn ~u cfk {}cf

OC gf kc{cNCBA u}i{iZRF u}i{i

jw bl~r{n} gr {ac{ g{ k

fj bl~r{n} anl~r{n} anck nlzi}` znll gn{n}r !f~om

nk gf{i {an fif{gf~i~rlw bc}con{n}r zn

gr fi{ rbclc}w fikn acr nR kg}nb{lw, m{an bioo~fg}i{ibil&nk u}i{ibilcucmglg{w id ifr~ou{gifrwr{no lgdn{gr raizf gfr iflw bifrgkln bifrgkn}c{gcjj}njc{nk k

grrgif rai~l

ZRFr

bl~kn gkln lgr{cjn itn}anck

{nfgfj cbbi~fnk mw c rnfrid oir{ OCBk mw billgrgifitn}anck& N~ln/mcrnk u} C !{gon/kg

} {an di}on} gf{i {gon rliba bioo~fgog{)}nbngtn k{}cfrogrrgifbil gr cr raibilr ~rn [K

nckn} inrf‗{ckn}r,nb{giff {ann} id knr c

acfjn~rnk

ln di} i~ja{ g{ gr

bc{gif

r gfl~r{n} d {ann gr

gj& 3&n} {anif ifc{c grk mn

nfgfj,, n{b&

{r di} fikn/lcwn} r, gklnfn}jwi{ibiltgrgif& G{ gr{r cfkbc{gfjc{c& Gf

g{agfzf gfC cr

{anbl~

bifcfkrbcfi

u}i uigrk~{ctnfnGf

mcr mi{ ua

kgrhondli{cj

m}c{}ngroncljcobifkc{

C&

MRncb= c{an{an7 c}nsfi

m}c33/

MRMFnqa

uc{{an

h~rgrcmcfi

OCB u}i{ibr{n}&Cl{ai~jar~ou{gif im{an bifr{}cg

lcmglg{w cfk dlbii}kgfc{giftgkn oi}n rbc~lc} bif{nf{g}iuirnk {i }

w bwbln iun}cgkcfbn, itn}a}jw rctgfj o{an rcon {gonk OCB u}i{a [KOC cfkrn&Di} o~l{g/uc{igf{ uc{ar a{aik& Gf A/kgfj u}i{ibi{ang} fngjamifba {ac{ {an f

m}cfba di}obagntnk zg{a

rrcjnr& Oir{i}g{ao gf {ani~f{r id r~ou{gif& Zc {}cfrogrrgif

GGG& M}cfba Fikn

[an kndgfg{gi& Cbbi}kgfj {a MF }nu}nrnfk 2 c}n MFrfngjami} zg{kgrbitn}w id { dg}r{ rn{r ~u~nr{ onrrcjnn 33, {an }nrfba fikn 3& D7'&Cbbi}kgfj {i

, {an fikn accb{r b}g{gbcl

c~r{nk {an zaar c}n bi}}nruMF kinrf‗{ hcb{r cr c }i~

mnliz c lgogfkifr {an }iln&

il {i ocfcjn

KOC u}i{gi~rlw, g{ lgo{r id {gon cqgmglg{w& Bif

coifj {an filcmglg{w cfk dlf/mcrnk u}i{k~bn {an nfn{gif& G{ clri unc}gfj ctigkcw }nr~l{ agjn, billgrgifribilr& Gf i~} bif{nf{/mcrn

a }i~{gfj u}icr mnnf bifU]NCK P4_

l {i dgfk c rn{}r cr c baglk,ikn gr libc{nkcf cl{n}fc{gt

i~{ {an fnnk~l{g/uc{a u}

uacrn id kcnrrcjn nqb

n ~rn agn}c}b&

LCRRGDGBC[G

!MF'

id {an MF gi {an m}cfba{r ifn m}cfba

& Gd c fikn }na kgddn}nf{ Mcf cl{n}fc{gtn

c u}goc}w ud}io fikn 33l{r raiz {ac{gfcllw fikn 7

{an rgo~lc{gi

r oi}n m~}kl }iln gf {aniln m}cfba grifkgfjlw dcglnigf {an bl~r{nn} gf {an fn{zg{c{gif tcl~n,

id m}cfba f

{an cbbnrr i

ibil bcfg{r {an f~omllibc{gif ri {nf{gif/mcrnkknr cbbnrrgfjnqgmglg{w& BRbilr& Di} ZR

}jw nddgbgnfbw}itgknk rbanfbn, rwfba}ilc{nfbw cfk

bcf‗{ mn ctig u}iuirnk onk OCB u}i{

{ibil gf ZRFrgkn}nk cr {a, g{ ~rnr {aid fikn/kgrhi

rgmlgfj i} bi~& Rnfri}r di~kgrhigf{ uc{a

i gf{}ik~bn c{ibilr ~r~cllc {}cfrogrrgiacfjnr cfkgbcl r{}~b{~}n

F ID RNFRI]

{an ifn/aiuczc}n dliikgf& Cr raizf gfngtnr c }ns~n

tcl~n, g{ bc uc{a& Cr raic{a !=/;/7'& [3& Cd{n} bioufikn 33 biodgfkr cf cl{n}

}nr~l{ gf P4_,

fr if kc{c {} fn{zi}`, mn

rnuc}c{nk cfkk& Gf i}kn} {i} di}oc{gif ci}`& D~}{an}o

g{ rai~lk ckn cfk {}cfrd

fiknr zg{ag

}nk~bn nfn} id higf{ fiac{ g{‗r rai}{}i{ibilr }ns{an bacffnlC rn}gnr c}n

Fr, R/OCB Pmw ~rgfj c lnr di} billgrggxc{gif& M~{liz {a}i~jagknk gf bif{nbacfgro, znbilr gf kgddn}

r, m~glkgfj fn oir{ }nlgcn m}cfba/czgf{ uc{ar& Firgf, mcrnk ifk if c kgddn}

& [agr clji}g{fw nq{}c }i~{g~rn dlc{ }i~{g

f, zagba bc~o~ba nfn

gf {an uacrn

FIKNR

fngjami}r id j clji}g{ao Pdgj~}n =, fik

r{ onrrcjn d} mn }njc}knkgf Dgj& =, f

anf g{ anc}rc}n {an MFr d}io kgddn} c{gtn uc{a !3

{an fnc}n} {i

cfrogrrgif&bc~rn ifbn g{an kizfr{}n

bifrn}tn nfn} fk kc{c rnfrni}n, gd g{r nfnffi~fbn {ac{}or {i c fi}

c

jwnrid g}nfk{an33_izgif{an~{&f{/rn

nf{

kn mlnc}nnr

{annf{aogfjgfjrnrjwid

{an4_,n 3,iocrkn

{ang{anf{/1/

{an

ang{‗rcojw,& G{jwg{cl





D

Fikn g zgcbbi}kgfj {i {

N [Q gr {aan}ncr N ]B ~omn} id o

rc{grdgnk, fik

M& Bl~r{n} A

Gf i~} cu

mcrnk if {anikn& BA grnfn}c{gif,}cfrogrrgif&

s~gb`n} {acfclji}g{ao gr f

Gf i~} ucbbi}kgfj {ngjami}r id }imcmglg{w8

!Ug

N g gr {anngjami}r id ngjami}aiikgr {an iu{go

cr cmi~{ >.cfjn !5,3'&

Biouc}nknfn}jw cfk {acfkiogxnk }

Cd{n} bl~rikn rn{r ~u

gj~}n =& M}cfba

ll knbgkn zanan dillizgfj

! M}n N

n nfn}jw bifgr gf kc{c }nrrcjnr& γ grg oc}` g{rnld

ck Fikn !BA

u}icba, bl~r{

nrgk~cl nfn}jgf bac}jn ic{c u}ibnrr[an nfn}jwfi}ocl fik

nbnrrc}w& un}, BA gr

{an }nrgk~ncba fikn,

ogf' `

nrgk~cl nfn}jfikn g, zag

{cmln& F gr {acl f~omn} id d F & γ gr {an

zg{a LNCBn knfrg{w id {c{gif&n}r c}n di}on

c [KOC rba

czc}n dliikgfj c

{an} g{ rai~lk}imcmglg{w8

!( [Q N F

r~ou{gif gfnu{gif& F gran binddgbgnfcr {an MF&

'

n} anckr c}n

cfk {an f~kc{c }nbngtkc{c cjj}

bifr~ou{gifr& Ri cf n

lnb{nk gf cl nfn}jw cfA gr nlnb{n

3! N

N

{i

g

w id fikn g&gba bcf mn{i{cl f~omn}

bl~r{n}r, zagbinddgbgnf{, z

, zn bifrgkncba fikn, gf

k cr gf LNCk~ln cfk {}c

lji}g{ao

mn c m}cfba

'' ]B

kc{c {}cfrog u}iui}{gifcl& Gd {an bifkg

nlnb{nk kgr{}g

mn} id fngjam, [KOC rbnjc{gif cfk

id BA grnflw BA nl

kgr{}gm~{nk ok {an f~om

cr {an dill

3,'

F

F fngj

F fngj gr {an rn{}gntnk d}iid cll rnfri} a bcf mn bclbairn tcl~n gr

} mi{a {an }nr{nck id {an r

A, {an bl~r{nrog{r {agr rb

fikn,

rrgif,{i {angif gr

gm~{nk

i}r id nk~lnkc{c

o~banb{gif

cffn}&n} id izgfj

o id {an

iknr&~lc{nkgf {an

rgk~clgouln

ancknk~ln

{ibil

B&

r~mc~{anccfkanccuufng{}c[agrwr

{an}~fzgl

u} irbaG{ } rba{go{gocfkricj{agtn} kgd dgj

D

K&

ifl{annddgfiim

an fiknr gflgrgifr coifj

R~mr{g{~{n Bl

R~mr{g{~{n Blr{g{~{n id Bioc{gbcllw {ck gr nlnb{nk, f

f~omn} id k& [an BAigf{r c fiknjami}r& [agrrog{{nk bi}} r bi~lk gou} {no&K~}gfj {an ubl~r{n} anck

fgfj i~{ id nl mn lir{& G{‗bnrr, cll fiknnk~ln nqbnu{nbngtnr kc{cnk~ln nqug}nrn rli{ di} Bni~{, gd RF }

zcg{r di} {an u}imlnor}njc{gif cfkzcw, {an [K

w }nlgcmln cn}nfbn id i~}n 2&

gj~}n 2& c' [go

Gf{n}/onkg~o

Gf {an u}ibnrw fiknr gf {arn fiknr Gf{bgnf{lw }nk~bnr fi{ higfgfgi~r nfn}jw r

Rn{~u

Ug !{ ' CKT HIGF

Rn{~u

{an bl~r{n}& [kc{c onrrcjn

r{n} Anck F

l~r{n} Anck& Zanf B

nr itn} {aniknr rnfk g{rngjami}r gfbiouc}nr {cr c r~mr{g{~r{}c{njw j~

b{lw ntnf gd tn {an }nlgcmg

ibnrr id kc{cgr gf cfw ~n}jw, cll {anzaw zn nl

r zg{agf {an b F& RF nnurfk u}ibnnkr, kgddn}nf{ zg

{i {}cfrog{bngtnr ]BT

n fnq{ uacrn0g{a BA, ri R

{}cfrog{ {anOC rbank~lnfk dlnqgmln

OCB u}i{i

lgfn id LNCBA

Fikn !GF'

r id kc{c {}cfknlgtn}w uc{

n}/onkgc Fi{an gkln lgr{n{an kc{c {}

ctgfj&

D}con

]i~fk

[KOC

)RFRF

agr nfr~}nr {r&

kn !RF'

ikn !RF' grbcf‗{ zi}

i}`r id BA&gfdi}oc{gif iHIGF onrrcnrn uc}con{

{n zai acrc}cf{nnr {anan bl~r{n} an

glg{w cfk dc~l{

{}cfrogrrgifjnf{ rg{~c{girnfrnk kc{cb{ c r~mr{g{~

l~r{n} bioulwczc`nf k~}gfc{c cr {an Ba LNCBA, {ac ]BTYR^R^B, g{ nouI{an}zgrn g

F {c`nr itn} jj}njc{nk kcfnnkf‗{ mn cldc~l{ {iln}cf

bil zg{a LNC

m' [gon lgfn id

rogrrgif d}ia fnnk {i mnnr !GFr'& Mfgfj cfk itnfrogrrgif, r

R{nckw¥r{c{n

․

R{nckw¥r{c{n

ac{ {an}n c}n

kndgfnk crfi}ocllw,

Cd{n} {an bl~d }nrgk~cl nfnn {i {an bl~n}r cfk dgfi}n nfn}jwkc{c bi~lk

ck gr nqac~r{{iln}cfbn id

zg{agf bl~r{n} , n&j&, r~kkng{agf {an bl~

{n fikn& Gf {zg{a {an [Kj cll {an u}ib

kinr& Cd{n} n}n gr c runbg

{i RF& Gf {{gnr {an ono

oncfr {an}n{an zi}` id kc {i {an MR&n}nk c{ cll& G{‗{ rbanon&BA gr raizf

u}iuirnk u}i{ib

BA)RF {iczc`nf& Zn

{agr zcw,anc}gfj id i{{ac{ {i cbag

[}cfrog{

]BT―R^B [}cfr

fi

{anRF{n} jw{n} llwfk mnnk&{an

, gd lw

{n} agrC

rr&{angdgbagr}wgr

c{cMwr cangf

i

R,cllznan} tn

g





g

Dgj~}n ;& O

Mndi}n {}cacrn mndi}na`nnu czc`nfiknr ji {i rCB u}i{ibi

N& I{an} Fi

[an }nocggf bac}jn id kc{c {}cfrogrr

GT& [A

[agr u}i{irnr c awm}gk

RF gr kgrulbc{nji}gnr id

Dgj~}n

d&Uacrn if

[agr uacrnrrcjn& Aiu

nm}ickbcr{r gnrrcjn gr o

knbgknr zan{ai{cl nfn}jw

FNQ[F

F

BA

GF3

GF`

MF

Fikn

33

1

3;

CB u}i{ibil di}

frog{{gfj kc{cfk& Cd{n} {aggf {an dillilnnu ~f{gl {anl di} GF cfk i

nr

fnk fiknr c}ni}`r r~ba c

gif !zg{agf bl

U]IUIRNK ]

bil ocgflw biOCB u}i{ib

lcwnk gf dgj~} nfri} fiknr&

>& Fikn Blcrrg

n8 M}ickbcr{g

n r{c}{r d}io mw aiu, fik{ ifbn& [an r}`nk cr {an un} g{ gr c M}cffk {i{cl f~o

NQ[F

FNQ

]i~{n¥kgrbi

3

;

7

}i~{n kgrbitn}w c

, BA un}di} uacrn, GFrgfj {}cfrogrkc{c {}cfrogan} fiknr gr r

fi}ocl fiknkc{c rnfrgfjr{n}'&

I^[GFJ CFK

frgr{r id {a}nnl di} kgddn}nf

n >, zan}n

dgbc{gifgf u}iuir

fj

{an MR m}i}nbngtnr m}i

fkgfj fikn i}nf{& Cd{n} {agba Fikn, r{i}

mn} id fiknr

[F

R^B

R^B

R^

Czc`n

tn}w

․․

MR

=

4

35

32

34

fk kc{c {}cfrogrr

r c }i~{n kgrc}` {anornltgif, zan}ncrrgif gr itn}&aizf cr dgj~}

& Fi}ocl fik, bl~r{n} di}o

CB U]I[IB

uacrn& I~} r{ uacrnr& [an

n bcf rnn kg

nk onbafgro

kbcr{gfj c } ckbcr{ onrrcd g{r dg}r{lw }nr uacrn, ntn} nr {an uc}condi} {an fnq{

B

R^BKc{c

Rlnnu

Czc`n

Czc`n

Czc`n

Kc{c¥[}cfrogrrgif

/ MF

2

>

:

3=

/ BA

/ RF

/ GF

gif

itn}wr cfki{an} [an

n ;&

nr c}nc{gif,

IL

anonnf{g}n

dn}nf{

s~nr{n cfkngtnkfikn

n}r id acrn,

cfko~ckbi[a

bif

C&

cmknb

m}iOg{

mcb u}igfd

{}crccfk

M&

u}i{an{}c

zg{d}idgj{}c

knlg mn{rc

i~}

clj mi{

}nbi}kr {anl{guln uc{ar gfcf{cjn id o~fgbc{gif&{cmln id fngj

[CMLN G

Gf {agr uacrn,

{}il {an billgrg

Uacrn [zi8

Cd{n} u}ntgi~~{ {an {i{cl ngknr zan{an} Ifbn {an fickbcr{r cf ckB u}i{ibil&nlifjr, g{ {}c` {i {an ba{ibil& Gf H}oc{gif id }n[an bl~r{n}

rog{r {agr rbn {gon, cbbifngjami} f~

Uacrn [a}nn8

[agr uacrn ucjc{gif zg{a

bl~r{n} ancrogrrgif cliGf {an kc{c {a {an [KO

BA {i MR}n ;& Iflw Brogrrgif&

Gf {an ucungtn}w rbanonznnf agn}c}bn {gon, zn b[an}n c}n riu}iuirnk u}iDg}r{lw, zni}g{ao zg{aa nfn}jw nddgb

fngjami}aiikdi}oc{gif {i{an m}ickbccba fikn }n

ami} gfdi}oc{

& [CMLN I

{an fn{zi}`

gif&

l~r{n} Di}o

r uacrn, ntn} fn}jw N {i cfki mn c bl~r{n}

kn acr nlnb{nn}{grnonf{ od{n} ncba fik

frog{r c higfrnf bl~r{n} GF/]NS onrgk~cl nfn}jwnck fikn rn

ank~ln {i {a}kgfj {i {an mn}, BA rnln

Kc{c [}cfro

cgflw bifrgrgf c bl~r{n}, {k {i {anj o~l{g/uc{ar}cfrogrrgif

OCB u}i{, fiknr ~rnAr, GFr, MFr

T& BI

, zn u}iuirdi} ZRFr, zgbcl }i~{gfjfrgkn} {an On i}gjgfcl cf

{ibil8gf{nj}c{nk~l{g/uc{a }i

gnfbw cfk }nlg

gfdi}oc{gif,an MR& [agr

r{ fc{~}n i}ickbcr{r ifbgif gr cr raiz

FNGJAMI] GFDI

~rnr BROC

{gif

fikn acr jir~o id fik

anck gf c kgr{k g{rnld {i mnnrrcjn !CKTn acr knbgknk/}ns~nr{ onranck ~rgfjrrcjn, g{ clrcfk fngjami} r ~u c [KO

fiknr gf {ac}con{n}r id

b{r c fikn cr

grrgif

r id {zi r{nanf {an kc{c uR, zagba g&g{agf bl~r{n}

bil& K~}gfj{an OCB u} `nnu czc`n

BL^RGIFR

nk c bl~r{n}/agba gf{nj}c{ncfk o~l{guc{aB u}i{ibil d

k u}ij}nrrgtn

{an agn}c}b{gfj u}i{ibi

cmglg{w&

zagba u}itgnbacfgro {c

d {an zg}nln cfk iflw iff gf [cmln 3&

OC[GIF

CB u}i{ibil

{an gfdi}oc{gr F & Ncba fgm~{nk ocffbl~r{n} anck

' ~rgfj c BR{i zagba bl~cjn !Higf/]N

BROC Oi gfbl~knrf~omn}&C rbank~ln

n bl~r{n}& Gf}nrgk~cl nfnRF&

r8 dg}r{ {an k}iucjc{gif d}

r c o~l{g/a

, fiknr bioan {}cfrogrrg{ibil raizffk higf {an k

mcrnk o~l{gur {an cktcf{c

}i~{gfj& Gf} {agr rbanonbac}cb{n}gr{gb

gbcl bl~r{n}gl& [agr u}itg

nrnr

nrrbn&

l {i

gifkn}&g{C

{n} S'B

{an

fk

{anjw

c{cio ur

lwgifgf

c{c

c{anr

{an&gf

gfjnr





Rnbifklw, zn blcrrgdw fiknr gf{i dgtn {wunr cbbi}kgfj {i{ang} }iln gf ZRF& [agr r{}c{njw j~c}cf{nnr oi}n dcg}fnrr gffikn nfn}jw bifr~ou{gif cfk u}ilifjr {an fn{zi}` lgdn{gon&

[ag}klw, mi{a id {an u}ibnrr id bl~r{n} di}oc{gif cfko~l{guln uc{a kgrbitn}w c}n gf kgr{}gm~{nk ocffn}, g{j~c}cf{nnr {an rbclcmglg{w id {an fn{zi}`&

Di~}{alw, onbacfgro id r~mr{g{~{n Bl~r{n} Anck Fikn!RF' cbbi~f{r di} {an rg{~c{gif id BA kcocjgfj& Oi}nitn},o~l{guc{a kgrbitn}w rbanon bcf riltn {an u}imlno zanf c

uc{a gr dcgl~}n& [anrn j~c}cf{nn {an }im~r{fnrr id {an rwr{no&Dgfcllw, zn ~rn {zi uc}con{n}r id {i{cl nfn}jw cfk fikn

r~o f~omn} !iu{gocl bl~r{n} f~omn}' {i gou}itn {an un}di}ocfbn id mi{a bl~r{n} di}oc{gif cfk }i~{gfj kgrbitn}w&Gf i~} rbanon, {anrn {zi uc}con{n}r c}n ~ukc{nk cd{n} ntn}w}i~fk cfk bclb~lc{nk mw {an MR& G{‗r cf nddgbgnf{ zcw {ibif{}il {an fn{zi}` s~clg{w&

^f{gl fiz, {agr zi}` gr r{gll gf {ani}n{gb r{cjn, ri i~} d~{~}n zi}`r gfbl~kn biouc}n {agr u}iuirnk onbacfgro zg{arntn}cl nqgr{gfj zi}`r, gf crunb{r id nfn}jw bifr~ou{gif,kc{c }nlgcmglg{w, fn{zi}` lgdn{gon, lc{nfbw, n{b&

TG&] NDN]NFBNR

P3_ Z& Angfxnlocf, C& Bacfk}c`crcf, cfk A& Mclc`}grafcf, “CfCuulgbc{gif/Runbgdgb U}i{ibil C}bag{nb{~}n di} Zg}nlnrr Ogb}irnfri}

Fn{zi}`r,‟ GNNN [}cfr& Zg}nlnrr Bioo&, til& 3, fi& ;, uu& 445/ 4:5,Ib{& =55=&

P=_ I& Wi~fgr cfk R& Dcaow, “ANNK8 C Awm}gk, Nfn}jw/Nddgbgnf{,Kgr{}gm~{nk Bl~r{n}gfj Cuu}icba di} Ck Aib Rnfri} Fn{zi}`r,‟GNNN [}cfrb{gif if Oimgln Biou~{gfj, til&2, fi&;, uu& 244/2:7,Ib{imi} =55;&

P2_ R& Mcfkwiuckawcw cfk N& Biwln, “Cf Nfn}jw/Nddgbgnf{ Agn}c}bagbclBl~r{n}gfj Clji}g{ao di} Zg}nlnrr Rnfri} Fn{zi}`r,‟ U}ib& GNNNGFDIBIO, Cu}& =552&

P;_ O Ona}cfg, H& Racfmnaxckna, C& Rc}}cdxckna, R& H& Og}cmnkgfg, cfk B&Ocfdi}k, “DNNK8 Dc~l{ [iln}cf{, Nfn}jw Nddgbgnf{, Kgr{}gm~{nkBl~r{n}gfj di} ZRF,‟ U}ib& GBCB[=535, Dnm, =535&

P>_ K& Jcfnrcf, ]& Jitgfkcf, R& Ranf`n}, cfk K& Nr{}gf& -Agjalw/}nrglgnf{, nfn}jw/nddgbgnf{ o~l{guc{a }i~{gfj gf zg}nlnrr rnfri} fn{zi}`r,‟ RGJOIMGLN Oim& Biou~{& Bioo~f& ]nt&, >!;'833‒=>,=553&

P4_ Z& Li~ cfk W& @zif& “A/RU]NCK8 c Awm}gk O~l{guc{a Rbanon di} Rnb~}n cfk ]nlgcmln Kc{c Billnb{gif gfZg}nlnrr Rnfri} Fn{zi}`r,‟GNNN [}cfrcb{gifr if Tnagb~lc} [nbafilijw, >!;'832=5‒3225, =554&

P:_ B& Gf{cfcjifzgzc{, ]& Jitgfkcf, cfk K& Nr{}gf, “Kg}nb{nk Kgdd~rgif8C Rbclcmln cfk ]im~r{ Bioo~fgbc{gif Uc}ckgjo di} Rnfri}

Fn{zi}`r,‟ U}ib& CBO)GNNN Gf{‗l Bifd& Oimgln Biou~{gfj cfk

Fn{zi}`gfj !OIMGBIO', =555&P1_ C& I~ckhci~{, W& Bacllcl, F& Lcrlc, O& Mcjcc, “RNGD8 rnb~}n cfk

nddgbgnf{ gf{}~rgif/dc~l{ {iln}cf{ }i~{gfj u}i{ibil di} zg}nlnrr rnfri} fn{zi}`r,‟ gf8 U}ibnnkgfjr id {an [ag}k Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn ifCtcglcmglg{w, ]nlgcmglg{w cfk Rnb~}g{w !C]NR' =551, Oc}ba ;‒:, =551,

uu& >52‒>51&

P7_ W& Hgfj, Q& Ocg, H& D& Q~, M& J& Q~, cfk A& L~, “ C bl~r{n}/mcrnko~l{guc{a knlgtn}w rbanon di} zg}nlnrr rnfri} fn{zi}`r,‟ GB/MFO[*57, Mnghgfj, uu& =14 ‒ =73, Ib{, =557&

P35_ O& R& Xcocf, cfk J& OcocO~}{aw, “Bl~r{n}nk cfk lntnlnk kgrhigf{o~l{guc{a }i~{gfj clji}g{ao di} zg}nlnrr rnfri} fn{zi}`r,‟ CA/GBG=557, @c{aocfk~, Fit, =557&

P33_ [&tcf Kco cfk @& Lcfjnfkinf, “Cf ckcu{gtn nfn}jw/nddgbgnf{ ocb u}i{ibil di} zg}nlnrr rnfri} fn{zi}`r,‟ gf CBO Rnfrwr ‗52 , =552, uu&3:3/315&







GRMF8 7:1/13/7=5>:>/:/4 88 kig8 35& :;55>)GRMFY5:41

CBO "8 kmn}&gon}c&35& :;55>

C Kc{c Ogfgfj Cuu}icba di} Oimglg{w U}nkgb{gif ^rgfj Zg}nlnrr [}cbnr

H&Cfcf{ag, ]&Onfc`c]nrnc}ba rbailc}r, Knuc}{onf{ id NBN

Cffc ^fgtn}rg{w id [nbafilijw

Banffcg, Gfkgc

K}&T&]cfjcfc{acfU}id&, Knuc}{onf{ id TLRG

@BJ Billnjn id [nbafilijw

Banffcg, Gfkgc

Cmr{}cb{‛Zg{a tc}gi~r zg}nlnrr bioo~fgbc{gif u}i{ibilr

non}jgfj di} ~mgs~g{i~r bioo~fgbc{gif, oimglg{w u}nkgb{gif

nfcmlnr mn{{n} ocfcjnonf{ cfk nddgbgnf{ ~rcjn id }nri~}bnr {i

u}itgkn gou}itnk rn}tgbnr {i oimgln ~rn}r& Cr oir{ ~rn}r c}n

oimgln gf {an zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`, g{ gr fnbnrrc}w {i gfbl~kn

oimglg{w cr cf gfan}nf{ uc}{ id {an rwr{no& [an ~rn}‗r oimglg{w

gfdl~nfbnr {an fn{zi}` un}di}ocfbn cfk {an ~fkn}lwgfj

s~clg{w id rn}tgbn& Tc}gi~r r{~kgnr actn mnnf bifk~b{nk ~fkn}kgddn}nf{ rbnfc}gir {i gou}itn un}di}ocfbn id {an zg}nlnrr

fn{zi}` ~fkn} tc}gi~r oimglg{w oiknlr& Gf {agr ucun} g{ gr

u}iuirnk {i cuulw kc{c ogfgfj {nbafgs~nr {i u}nkgb{ {an ~rn}

mcrnk if zg}nlnrr {}cbnr&

@nwzi}kr/Oimglg{w U}nkgb{gif, Gfr{cfbn Mcrnk Lnc}fn}!GML', Cl{n}fc{gfj knbgrgif {}nn, Fcétn Mcwnr&

G& GF[]IK^B[GIF

Zg{a {an k}cr{gb gfb}ncrn gf oimgln zg}nlnrr ~rn}r, fn{zi}`r

dcbn mcfkzgk{a cfk }nri~}bn rai}{cjnr zagba ocw bc~rn

fn{zi}` dcgl~}n P3_& [i u}itgkn j~c}cf{nnk cfk SiR {i

~rn}r, u}icb{gtn on{aikr c}n cb{gtnlw r{~kgnk& Cr oir{ ~rn}r

c}n oimgln, g{ gr fnbnrrc}w {i gfbl~kn oimglg{w cr cf gfan}nf{uc}{ id {an rwr{no P=_& Oimglg{w ocfcjnonf{ acfklnr {an

on{aikr id r{i}gfj cfk ~ukc{gfj {an libc{gif gfdi}oc{gif id

oimgln ~rn}r& Oimglg{w u}nkgb{gif gr clri uc}{ id oimglg{w

ocfcjnonf{ cr oimglg{w id {an ~rn} ulcwr cf goui}{cf{ }iln

gf nddgbgnf{ ~rcjn id }nri~}bnr& Oimglg{w u}nkgb{gif ocw mn

kndgfnk cr kn{n}ogfgfj {an fnq{ cbbnrr uigf{ !CU' {ac{ c ~rn}

zgll biffnb{ {i gf c fn{zi}`& [an oimglg{w gr jnfn}cllw

r{~kgnk mw knrgjfgfj oc{anoc{gbcl oiknlr {ac{ oiknl

a~ocf oimglg{w P2_&

[gonlw acfkiddr rai~lk mn rncolnrr di} ~fgf{n}}~u{nk cb{gtn

rnrrgifr lg`n dgln {}cfrdn}r, tigbn itn} bcllr, tgkni)c~kgi

r{}ncogfj, n{b& Zanf c ~rn} gr oimgln, {an biffnb{gif grbifr{cf{lw mngfj rzg{bank d}io ifn CU {i cfi{an}& [a~r

rncolnrr acfkiddr c}n uirrgmln iflw gd }nri~}bnr c}n

ctcglcmln c{ {an fnq{ CU& Cllibc{gfj }nri~}bnr {i cll

fngjami}gfj CUr gr fi{ dncrgmln cr g{ lnckr {i zcr{cjn id

}nri~}bnr cfk ~fkn} ~{glgxc{gif id {an fn{zi}`& Nddgbgnf{

cllibc{gifr id }nri~}bnr gou}itn }nri~}bn ~{glgxc{gif cfk

}nk~bn lc{nfbw gf cbbnrrgfj {an }nri~}bnr& U}gi} `fizlnkjn

cmi~{ {an oitnonf{r id ~rn}r gr anlud~l cr oimglg{w

u}nkgb{gif gr mcrnk if ucr{ oitnonf{r& [an oimglg{w

u}nkgb{gif goucb{r acfkitn}r cfk, anfbn, gou}itnr {an

fn{zi}` SiR& [an}n c}n rntn}cl u}imlnor cfk grr~nr

gftiltnk gf oimglg{w u}nkgb{gif gf c }ncl nftg}ifonf{& [an

oimglg{w uc{{n}f tc}gnr zg{a kgddn}nf{ uiu~lc{gif0 {an

oimglg{w uc{{n}f id c bg{w ~rn} gr kgddn}nf{ d}io {ac{ id ~rn}

gf cf nk~bc{gifcl bcou~r& ^rn} oimglg{w {}cbnr c}n ~rnk di}oimglg{w u}nkgb{gif oiknlgfj&

[an oitnonf{ agr{i}w id {an ~rn} bcf mn nq{}cb{nk d}io {an

lijr im{cgfnk d}io cll {an cbbnrr uigf{r& Zanf c oimgln

kntgbn c{{cbanr g{rnld {i cf CU, {an ~fgs~n f~omn} id {an

oimgln kntgbn gr nf{n}nk gf{i {an lijr zg{a c {gon r{cou&

^rgfj {an lijr im{cgfnk d}io cll {an CUr, {an d}ns~nf{lw

~rnk uc{a mw c uc}{gb~lc} zg}nlnrr kntgbn bcf mn {}cbnk cfk

{agr gr bcllnk {an ~rn} oimglg{w uc{{n}f !ÔU' P;_& Oimglg{w

}~lnr c}n di}onk ~rgfj {an ÔUr& [an ~rn}‗r cb{~cl

oitnonf{ gr im{cgfnk,

3 =, ,&&&&,g f~ cu cu cu

zan}ng

cu gr {an CU cbbnrrnk mw {an ~rn} gf {an oitnonf{

uc{a id f cbbnrr uigf{r gf {an kndgfnk {gon& [an oimglg{w

}~lnr c}n gf {an di}o id

3 =

3 = 2 ;, ,

l l

l l l l

3 = 2, ,&&&&,fl l l l

{an lnd{ uc}{ id {an oimglg{w }~ln gr bcllnk anck id }~ln cfk

{an i{an} gr bcllnk {cgl id {an }~ln& Zanf }~lnr c}n jnfn}c{nk,

c bifdgknfbn tcl~n gr bclb~lc{nk di} ncba }~ln& [an }~ln zg{a

{an agjanr{ bifdgknfbn gr rnlnb{nk&

Gf {agr ucun} g{ gr u}iuirnk {i ~rn kc{c ogfgfj clji}g{aor di}

u}nkgb{gfj ~rn} oimglg{w ~rgfj zg}nlnrr {}cbn ctcglcmln d}io{an Kc}{oi~{a Billnjn&

GG& LG[N]C[^]N ]NTGNZ

Bifrgkn}cmln coi~f{ id }nrnc}ba if oimglg{w u}nkgb{gif gr

gf lg{n}c{~}n& Rion id {an }nlc{nk zi}`r c}n kgrb~rrnk gf {agr

rnb{gif&

U}crck, n{ cl&, P>_ u}iuirnk c jnfn}gb d}conzi}` di} oimglg{w

u}nkgb{gif id ~rn} oitnonf{ gf zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`r& [an

u}goc}w jicl id {an u}iuirnk oiknl zcr nddnb{gtn cllibc{gif

id {an }nri~}bnr& [an d}conzi}` bifrgr{r id c u}nkgb{gif

oiknl mcrnk if Agkknf Oc}ìt Oiknl !AOO' {i u}nkgb{





~rn}‗r fnq{ libc{gif cfk c u}nkgb{gtn oimglg{w ocfcjnonf{

mcrnk if c bif{}il {ani}n{gb cuu}icba zg{a c dnnkmcb`

bif{}il rwr{no& Bcou~r zg}nlnrr {}cbn kc{crn{ ctcglcmln

iflgfn zcr ~rnk di} {nr{gfj {an oiknl& [an kc{crn{ u}itgknkoimglg{w agr{i}w id {an ~rn} r~ba cr ~rn} crribgc{gifr zg{a

CUr, k~}c{gif id crribgc{gif cfk ri if& If rgo~lc{gif {an

nddnb{gtnfnrr id {an u}nkgb{gif oiknl cfk {an bif{}illn} zcr

u}itnf& [an u}iuirnk d}conzi}` bcf mn gfbi}ui}c{nk gf{i

nqgr{gfj zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`r&

C`i~ra, n{ cl&, P4_ u}iuirnk c awm}gk Mcwnrgcf fn~}cl

fn{zi}` oiknl di} u}nkgb{gfj libc{gif& [an oiknl ~rnk

u}imcmglg{w {ani}w zg{a fn~}cl fn{zi}`r di} oitnonf{

u}nkgb{gif id {an ~rn} cfk {i m~glk c gfdn}nfbn oiknl& [an

kc{crn{ bif{cgfnk 355 Fi`gc roc}{ uaifn ~rn}r zcr

billnb{nk d}io ]nclg{w Ogfgfj U}ihnb{ c{ OG[ zcr ~rnk&

[}ckn idd cfclwrgr zcr un}di}onk di} libc{gif ~ukc{n cfk

ucjgfj di} {an zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`& [i nfacfbn u}nkgb{gif

cbb~}cbw bnllr {ac{ {an ~rn}r ki fi{ ~rn zn}n j}i~unk&

]nr~l{r raiznk {ac{ {an u}nkgb{gif cbb~}cbw id {an u}iuirnk

oiknl i~{un}di}or cll i{an} r{cfkc}k fn~}cl fn{zi}`

on{aikr&

@go, n{ cl&, P:_ u}iuirnk c oimglg{w on{aik, bifr{}~b{nk

~rgfj zg}nlnrr ~rn} {}cbnr& [an u}iuirnk on{aik nq{}cb{r

~rn}‗r oimglg{w {}cb`r cfk im{cgfnk gfdi}oc{gif cmi~{

oitnonf{ runnk, uc~rn {gonr, zcwuigf{r mn{znnf

knr{gfc{gifr cfk knr{gfc{gif {}cfrg{gif u}imcmglg{w& [agr

gfdi}oc{gif zcr ~rnk {i jnfn}c{n rwf{an{gb {}cb`r cfk {an

rcon zcr tclgkc{nk mw biouc}gfj zg{a {an }ncl {}cb`r&

Nqun}gonf{r zn}n bifk~b{nk ~rgfj {}cbnr id zg}nlnrr ~rn}r

d}io Kc}{oi~{a Billnjn& ]nr~l{r raiznk {ac{ {an rwf{an{gb

{}cb`r u}ik~bnk zn}n rgoglc} {i {an }ncl {}cb`&R~, n{ cl&, P1_ u}nrnf{nk c oimglg{w u}nkgb{gif on{aik {i

nfacfbn ~fgbcr{ cfk o~l{gbcr{ }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr& Gf {an

u}iuirnk on{aik, JUR uirg{gif zcr ugjjwmcb`nk if kc{c

ucb`n{r k~}gfj bioo~fgbc{gif mn{znnf {zi fiknr cfk {an

nqug}c{gif {gon id {an lgf` zcr nr{goc{nk& [an }i~{nr zn}n

}nbifdgj~}nk mndi}n {an lgf` zcr m}i`nf {a~r u}itgkgfj

rncolnrr biffnb{gif mndi}n biffnb{gif m}nc`r& [an

rgo~lc{gif zcr goulnonf{nk zg{agf JliOiRgo lgm}c}w&

Rgo~lc{gif }nr~l{r gfkgbc{nk {ac{ {an }i~{nr r{cwnk biffnb{nk

{an lifjnr{ zn}n bairnf mw {an ~rn id oimglg{w u}nkgb{gif&

GGG& ON[AIKILIJW

Kc}{oi~{a Billnjn u}itgknr oimglg{w {}cbnr cr c bioo~fg{w

rn}tgbn {i }nrnc}ban}r& Oimglg{w {}cbn billnb{nk itn} c un}gik

id {a}nn wnc}r zg{agf {an Kc}{oi~{a Billnjn bcou~r gr

ctcglcmln, aizntn} zn ~rnk ifn oif{a rwrlij kc{c gf {agr

zi}`& K~}gfj {an kc{c billnb{gif un}gik {an billnjn ai~rnk

itn} >>55 r{~knf{r cfk 3=55 dcb~l{w& Gfg{gcllw ;:4 cbbnrr

uigf{r zn}n ctcglcmln cfk itn} {an un}gik id {gon {agr

gfb}ncrnk {i >44& Cll cbbnrr uigf{r zn}n u}ij}coonk {i

rac}n {an rcon RRGK cfk anfbn oimgln ~rn}r zn}n cmln {i

rncolnrrlw ~rn {an fn{zi}` cb}irr {an bcou~r&33> r~mfn{r

bitn}nk {an 311 m~glkgfjr cfk anfbn kntgbnr zn}n di}bnk {i

im{cgf fnz GU ckk}nrrnr rion {gonr& [an lij }nbi}knk gf c

rwrlij rn}tn} gfbl~knk {an {gonr{cou {i ncba onrrcjn zg{a

ncba onrrcjn bif{cgfgfj {an CU fcon, OCB ckk}nrr id {an

bc}k cfk {an {wun id onrrcjn& [an tc}gi~r onrrcjnr ~rnk

c}n c~{anf{gbc{nk, crribgc{nk, }ncrribgc{nk, }iconk cfkkgrcrribgc{nk& Zanfntn} c kntgbn baiirnr {i ~rn {an

fn{zi}` g{ gr dg}r{ c~{anf{gbc{nk cfk {agr onrrcjn gr gjfi}nk

gf {agr zi}`& Cd{n} c~{anf{gbc{gif, {an kntgbn o~r{ crribgc{n

zg{a ifn id {an cbbnrr uigf{r nfcmlgfj cll {}cddgb mn{znnf

kntgbn cfk fn{zi}`& ]ncrribgc{gif ibb~}r zanf cfi{an} CU

zg{a mn{{n} rgjfcl r{}nfj{a gr ctcglcmln& [an {}cbn id c rgfjln

kcw d}io ~rn}r gf {an Kc}{oi~{a Billnjn gr ~rnk gf {agr

zi}`& G{ gr u}iuirnk {i bifrgkn} di~} c{{}gm~{nr zg{a {a}nn

c{{}gm~{nr jgtgfj {an u}ntgi~r libc{gif id {an ~rn} cfk {an

di~}{a c{{}gm~{n bifrgkn}gfj {an {gon&

[an Fcétn Mcwnr blcrrgdgn} gr c r{c{gr{gbcl on{aik

id blcrrgdgbc{gif ~rgfj r~un}tgrnk lnc}fgfj on{aikr& G{ gr

mcrnk if Mcwnr {ani}no& [an blcrrgdgn} bcf riltn mi{a

kgcjfir{gb cfk u}nkgb{gtn u}imlnor gftiltgfj mi{a

bc{nji}gbcl cfk bif{gf~i~r tcl~nk c{{}gm~{nr& [an Mcwnr

{ani}no gr cr dillizr8

&U M C U CU C M

U M

zan}n U C M gr uir{n}gi} u}imcmglg{w id C, U C gr u}gi}

u}imcmglg{w id C, U gr uir{n}gi} u}imcmglg{w id M cfk

U M gr u}gi} u}imcmglg{w id M&

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g hU B Q U B Q di} 3 , h o h g

G{ mnbionr biou~{c{gifcllw kgddgb~l{ {i ntcl~c{n gU Q B gd

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uc}con{n}r c}n nr{goc{nk zg{a tn}w rocll coi~f{ id {}cgfgfj

kc{c&

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id knbgrgif {}nnr, ti{nk knbgrgif {}nn cfk knbgrgif r{~our

zg{a miir{gfj P7_& [an blcrrgdgn}r jnfn}c{nk mw CK[ c}n

ncrw {i knk~bn cfk g{ u}itgknr c oncr~}n id bifdgknfbn

bcllnk blcrrgdgbc{gif oc}jgf& Gf CK[ {an }ii{ fikn gr c

u}nkgb{gif fikn cfk bifrgr{r id c f~on}gb rbi}n& [an

u}nkgb{gif fiknr c}n dilliznk mw knbgrgif fiknr zagba c}n

rgoglc} {i knbgrgif {}nn r{~our& [an knbgrgif lcwn} gr

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ 3;5




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}nrnc}ba fnn

oimglg{w u}n

tnb{i} ocba

P3_ U& R& U}cid oimgl

4 {a

GNN

Bifdn}n

P=_ K& Un}`g{an un

Gf{n}fc{g

til& ;, u

P2_ O& Ji“^fkn}r{

Fc{~}n,P;_ Jiacf W

Ocfiliuu}nkgb{gi

Nfjgfnn}P>_ U}c{cu

D}conz^{glgxc{g

P4_ Ran}gd OitnonFn~}cl F

P:_ Ogf`wif

c oimglgGNNN Gf

P1_ Z& R~,zg}nlnrr

5&55.

35&55.

=5&55.

25&55.

;5&55.

>5&55.

45&55.

:5&55.

15&55.

F

Mc

RRGDGBC[GIFCMRIL^

gif }c{n&

T& BI

g{ zcr u}iui

k }nlc{gtn cm

i}g{aor di}

Kc}{oi~{a B

{an Fcétn

k {i mn bc}}g

kgb{gif ~rgfj

gfn cfk Fn~}

]NDN]

rck, U& Cj}czcg{w gf agn}c}bag

Bifr~on}

bn, Hcf~c}w =5

r, A& A~janr,di}ocfbn id

ifcl Bifdn}n

& =5;1‒=5>=,

fxlnx, B&cfkgfj gfkgtg

i& ;>2, uu& ;:ctcr, Kgog{}gi

i~lir, “C kc{f gf oimgln nf

gfj >; !=55>' 3U}crck cfk

}` di} Oimgf gf Zg}nlnrr

`i~ra, Caonf{ U}nkgb{gifn{zi}`r, GZBj @go, Kctgk

{w oiknl d}iibio =554&

R&/H& Lnn, O&fn{zi}`r, gf8 G

étn

wnr

H;1 G

BB^]CBW CFN N]]I]

FBL^RGIF

rnk {i r{~kw {

ril~{n n}}i} g

imglg{w u}nkg

llnjn& ]nr~l{

Mcwnr cl

k {i gou}itn

]ckgcl mcrgr d

l fn{zi}` clj

NFBNR

l, cfk @& O& Rggbcl oimgln ck

ioo~fgbc{gifr

7, uu& 3‒>&

cfk B& Iznf,ck aib f

bn if Bioo

55=&

gkclji, cfk~cl a~ocf

‒;1=, =551&@c{rc}ir, Ixj

c ogfgfj cuu}tg}ifonf{r‟&

=3‒3;4&U}c{agoc Cj}glg{w U}nkgb{gi

n{zi}`r‟& GNN

k Rcona, =5^rgfj McwnrgB*5:, C~j~r{,

@i{x, Rifj`~`

}ncl ~rn} {}c

& Jn}lc, OimgNN OGLBIO

ML

Blc

Cbb

]nl

cmr

K ]NLC[GTN

an blcrrgdgbc{g

f Fcétn Mcw

{gifr ~rgfj k

im{cgfnk di} H

i}g{ao& D~{

nddnb{gtnfnrr

~fb{gif, R~uu

}g{ao&

clgfjco, “Ndd aib fn{zi}`r,

cfk Fn{zi}`

“Dcb{i}r cddnb{n{zi}`r,‟ G

~fgbc{gifr !GB

C&/L& Mc}cimglg{w uc{{n}

~} l~riw, Wcf

icba di} libc{c{c $ @fizln

zcl, “C Jnfcfk ]nri~

N =535&

:& Oimgln ^gcf Lnc}fgfjucjn 373/4&@go&, “Nq{}cb{

bnr‟& U}ibnnkg

lg{w u}nkgb{gif, Ib{imn} =555&

rgdgbc{gif

~}cbw

{gtn

il~{n¥n}}i}

gif

nr,

c{c

;1

~}n

id

i}{

b{rgf

gfj

gfj NN

B',

rg,r,‟

fgr

gifjn

}gb}bn

rn}di}

gfj

fjr

gf





P7_ W& D}n~fk cfk L& Ocrif& [an cl{n}fc{gfj knbgrgif {}nnclji}g{ao& Gf U}ibnnkgfjr id {an 34{a Gf{n}fc{gifcl

Bifdn}nfbn if Ocbagfn Lnc}fgfj, ucjnr 3=;‒322, 3777&

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ 3;=






GRMF8 7:1/13/7=5>:>/:/4 88 kig8 35& :;53=)GRMFY5:41

CBO "8 kmn}&gon}c&35& :;53=

Un}di}ocfbn Cfclwrgr id ]i~{gfj U}i{ibilr gf Oimgln Ckaib Fn{izi}`r

[a&Gm~fjfjiocbac RgfjaKnuc}{onf{ id Biou~{n} Rbgnfbn $ Nfjgfnn}gfj, Ocfgu~} Gfr{g{~{n id [nbafilijw

Gouacl,Ocfgu~},Gfkgc

Cmr{}cb{‛C oimgln ck aib fn{zi}` !OCFN[' gr c

knbnf{}clgxnk, unn}/{i/unn} zg}nlnrr ck aib fn{zi}` {ac{ gr

bcucmln id bifdgj~}gfj g{rnld& Rgfbn g{ gr fi{ c r{c{gb

gfd}cr{}~b{~}n fn{zi}` {}ckg{gifcl }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr dcgl {i

biun zg{a {agr {wun id fn{zi}` {iuilijw {ac{ bacfjnr zg{a

{gon& ]nbnf{lw }nrnc}ban}r actn u}iuirnk fnz OCFN[

}i~{gfj u}i{ibilr cfk biouc}gfj cfk gou}itgfj nqgr{gfj

u}i{ibilr mndi}n cfw r{cfkc}kgxc{gif u}ibnrr& Aizntn}

rgo~lc{gifr }nr~l{r d}io kgddn}nf{ }nrnc}ba bioo~fg{w c}n

fi{ bifrgr{nf{ nfi~ja {i blcgo r{cfkc}k OCFN[ }i~{gfju}i{ibilr di} c runbgdgb cuulgbc{gif& [agr gr ocgflw mnbc~rn id

{an lcb` id bifrgr{nfbw gf }i~{gfj u}i{ibil oiknlr cfk

kgddn}nf{ cuulgbc{gif nftg}ifonf{r i} rbnfc}gir gfbl~kgfj

fn{zi}`gfj cfk ~rn} u}idglnr& D~}{an}oi}n {an un}di}ocfbn

on{}gbr ~rnk gf biouc}c{gtn cfclwrnr kgddn} coifj

}nrnc}ban}r& [an}ndi}n g{ gr u}noc{~}n {i jgtn c jnfn}clgxnk

bifbl~rgif gf }njc}k {i {an un}di}ocfbn id {an nqgr{gfj

}i~{gfj u}i{ibilr& Gf {agr ucun} zn u}nrnf{ biouc}c{gtn

cfclwrnr id OCFN[ }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr cfk ocfw uirrgmln

un}di}ocfbn on{}gbr c}n bifrgkn}nk gf {an r{~kw& [an {cr` gr

kntnliunk ~rgfj FR= rgo~lc{gif rid{zc}n cfk }nr~l{r im{cgfnk

c}n u}nrnf{nk {i jgtn c kn{cgl cfclwrnr id kgddn}nf{ {wunr

OCFN[ }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr&

@nwzi}kr/ OCFN[, ]i~{gfj U}i{ibilr CIKT, KR],KRKT, X]D&

G& GF[]IK^B[GIF

Oimgln Ck Aib Fn{zi}` !OCFN[' P3_ gr c billnb{gif

id bioo~fgbc{gif kntgbnr i} fiknr {ac{ zgra {i

bioo~fgbc{n zg{ai~{ cfw dgqnk gfd}cr{}~b{~}n cfk u}n/

kn{n}ogfnk i}jcfgxc{gif id ctcglcmln lgf`r& [an fiknr gf

OCFN[ {anornltnr c}n }nruifrgmln di} kwfcogbcllw

kgrbitn}gfj i{an} fiknr {i bioo~fgbc{n& G{ gr c rnld/

bifdgj~}gfj fn{zi}` id oimgln fiknr biffnb{nk mw

zg}nlnrr lgf`r {an ~fgif id zagba di}or cf c}mg{}c}w

{iuilijw& [an fiknr c}n d}nn {i oitn }cfkiolw cfk

i}jcfgxn {anornltnr c}mg{}c}glw0 {a~r, {an fn{zi}`‗rzg}nlnrr {iuilijw ocw bacfjn }cugklw cfk ~fu}nkgb{cmlw&

]i~{gfj gr c bi}n u}imlno gf fn{zi}`r di} rnfkgfj kc{c

d}io ifn fikn {i cfi{an}& Zg}nlnrr Ck Aib fn{zi}`r c}n

clri bcllnk Oimgln Ck Aib o~l{g/aiu zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`r gr

c billnb{gif id zg}nlnrr oimgln air{r di}ogfj c {noui}c}w

fn{zi}` zg{ai~{ {an cgk id cfw nr{cmlgrank gfd}cr{}~b{~}n i}

bnf{}clgxnk ckogfgr{}c{gif& Oimgln Ck Aib Fn{zi}`r

!OCFN[r' c}n bac}cb{n}gxnk mw c kwfcogb, o~l{g/aiu,

}cugk bacfjgfj {iuilijw& R~ba fn{zi}`r c}n cgonk {i

u}itgkn bioo~fgbc{gif bcucmglg{gnr {i c}ncr zan}n lgog{nk

i} fi bioo~fgbc{gif gfd}cr{}~b{~}nr nqgr{& OCFN[‗r bcf

clri mn knuliwnk {i clliz {an bioo~fgbc{gif kntgbnr {i

di}o c kwfcogb cfk {noui}c}w fn{zi}` coifj {ano& C

oimgln Ck Aib fn{zi}` !OCFN[' gr }nbngtgfj c{{nf{gif

k~n {i ocfw ui{nf{gcl oglg{c}w cfk bgtglgcf cuulgbc{gifr&

OCFN[r actn rntn}cl rclgnf{ bac}cb{n}gr{gbr8 3' Kwfcogb{iuilijgnr =' Mcfkzgk{a/bifr{}cgfnk 2' Nfn}jw

bifr{}cgfnk iun}c{gif ;' lgog{nk uawrgbcl rnb~}g{w&

[an}ndi}n {an }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr di} zg}nk fn{zi}`r bcffi{

mn kg}nb{lw ~rnk di} zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`r& Rion nqcoulnr id

{an uirrgmln ~rnr id ck aib fn{zi}`gfj gfbl~kn r{~knf{r

~rgfj lcu{iu biou~{n}r {i uc}{gbguc{n gf cf gf{n}cb{gtn

lnb{~}n, m~rgfnrr crribgc{nr rac}gfj gfdi}oc{gif k~}gfj c

onn{gfj, rilkgn}r }nlcwgfj gfdi}oc{gif di} rg{~c{gifcl

czc}nfnrr if {an mc{{lndgnlk cfk non}jnfbw kgrcr{n} }nlgnd

un}riffnl bii}kgfc{gfj nddi}{r cd{n} c a~}}gbcfn i}

nc}{as~c`n& C OCFN[ ~rnr o~l{g/aiu }i~{gfj gfr{nck id c

r{c{gb fn{zi}` gfd}cr{}~b{~}n {i u}itgkn fn{zi}`

biffnb{gtg{w& Rntn}cl }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr actn mnnf u}iuirnkdi} oimgln Ck Aib fn{zi}`r& ]nbnf{ r{~kgnr if

biouc}c{gtn cfclwrnr id kgddn}nf{ OCFN[ u}i{ibilr bcf

mn di~fk gf P1/33_& Aizntn} {an }nr~l{r u}nrnf{nk gf {anrn

lg{n}c{~}nr c}n fi{ bifrgr{nf{ cfk iflw dnz un}di}ocfbn

on{}gbr c}n bifrgkn}nk& Gf {agr ucun} zn u}nrnf{ c f~omn}

id zcwr id blcrrgdgbc{gif i} bc{nji}gxc{gif id {anrn }i~{gfj

u}i{ibilr cfk un}di}ocfbn biouc}grif d}io blcrrnr c}n

u}nrnf{nk&

[an dillizgfj rnb{gifr gf {an ucun} c}n c}}cfjnk crdillizr8 Kgddn}nf{ {wunr id OCFN[ }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr c}nu}nrnf{nk gf Rnb{gif GG& Gf Rnb{gif GGG, on{aikilijw ~rnkcfk {an un}di}ocfbn on{}gbr c}n kndgfnk& [an rgo~lc{gif

}nr~l{r cfk kgrb~rrgif c}n jgtnf gf rnb{gif GT& Rnb{gif Tbifbl~knr {an ucun}&

GG& OCFN[ ]I^[GFJ U]I[IBILR

Mcrnk if zanf }i~{gfj cb{gtg{gnr gfg{gc{nk, }i~{gfj

u}i{ibilr di} oimgln ck aib fn{zi}`r ocw mn m}icklw

blcrrgdgnk gf{i {a}nn mcrgb bc{nji}gnr cr gfkgbc{nk gf dgj~}n

3&

!c' U}icb{gtn i} {cmln/k}gtnf u}i{ibilr

!m' ]ncb{gtn i} if/knocfk }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr

!b' Awm}gk }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr





Dgj~}n 3& Blcrrgdgbc{gif id ck aib }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr&

C& U}icb{gtn i} {cmln/ k}gtnf u}i{ibilr

[}ckg{gifcl kgr{cfbn/tnb{i} cfk lgf`/r{c{n }i~{gfj

u}i{ibilr P3_ c}n u}icb{gtn gf {ac{ {anw ocgf{cgf }i~{nr {i

cll fiknr, gfbl~kgfj fiknr {i zagba fi ucb`n{r c}n rnf{&

Di} {ac{ }ncrif {anw }ns~g}n c un}gikgb bif{}il onrrcjn,zagba lnckr {i rbc}bn }nri~}bnr r~ba cr uizn} cfk lgf`

mcfkzgk{a mngfj ~rnk oi}n d}ns~nf{lw di} bif{}il {}cddgb cr

oimglg{w gfb}ncrnr& U}icb{gtn }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr actn {ang}

}i~{gfj {cmlnr ~ukc{nk c{ cll {gonr, {a~r {an knlcw mndi}n

rnfkgfj c ucb`n{ gr ogfgocl& Aizntn}, }i~{gfj {cmlnr {ac{

c}n clzcwr ~ukc{nk }ns~g}n un}gikgb bif{}il onrrcjnr {ac{

c}n dliiknk {a}i~ja {an zailn fn{zi}`/ cf iun}c{gif {ac{

bifr~onr c li{ id {gon, mcfkzgk{a cfk nfn}jw& Ifn

nqcouln id c u}icb{gtn }i~{gfj u}i{ibil gr nqulcgfnk gf {an

fnq{ r~mrnb{gif&

3' [an Knr{gfc{gif Rns~nfbn Kgr{cfbn Tnb{i} !KRKT'

P2_

G{ gr c u}icb{gtn }i~{gfj u}i{ibil& KRKT clri bcllnk{cmln/k}gtnf }i~{gfj u}i{ibil mnbc~rn ncba fikn ocgf{cgfr

}i~{gfj {cmln {ac{ bif{cgfr rns~nfbn f~omn}r cfk aiu/mw/

aiu gfdi}oc{gif& KRKT gr mcrnk if Mnllocf/Di}k }i~{gfj

clji}g{ao& Rion ochi} gou}itnonf{r actn mnnf ockn gf

Mnllocf/Di}k clji}g{ao gf i}kn} {i oc`n g{ r~g{cmln di}

zg}nlnrr nftg}ifonf{ cfk biun zg{a bi~f{/{i/gfdgfg{w

u}imlno& KRKT ~rnr {an rns~nfbn f~omn} {i ctigk bi~f{/

{i/gfdgfg{w u}imlno cfk ~rgfj {agr rns~nfbn f~omn} KRKT

kgr{gfj~granr mn{znnf r{cln cfk d}nra }i~{nr& Fiknr {cl`

zg{a ncba i{an}‗r cfk ~ukc{n {ang} }i~{gfj {cmlnr& Gd bacfjn

gf {iuilijw ibb~}r, ~ukc{nr c}n {}cfrog{{nk& [an}n c}n {zi

{wunr id ~ukc{nr, {gon/k}gtnf !un}gikgb ~ukc{nr' cfk {cmln/

k}gtnf !~ukc{nr mnbc~rn id rgjfgdgbcf{ bacfjn'& Gf bcrn id

cfw bacfjn, }i~{gfj ~ukc{nr c}n {}cfrog{{nk {i cll i{an}

fiknr zagba ocw bc~rn lc}jn itn}anck& Gf i}kn} {i }nk~bn

{agr itn}anck }i~{gfj ~ukc{nr c}n rnf{ gf {zi zcwr8 c d~ll

k~ou zcw, zan}n d~ll }i~{gfj {cmln gr rnf{ {i fngjami}r m~{

g{ acuunfr iflw gf bcrn id biouln{n {iuilijw bacfjn& Cf

gfb}nonf{cl ~ukc{n8 zan}n iflw {an nf{}gnr bacfjn gf {an

}i~{n on{}gb c}n rnf{ P=, 2_&

M& ]ncb{gtn i} if/knocfk }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr

]ncb{gtn }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr, if {an i{an} acfk, iun}c{n

iflw zanf {an}n gr c fnnk id bioo~fgbc{gif mn{znnf {zi

fiknr& [agr cuu}icba cllizr {an fiknr {i dib~r ng{an} if

}i~{nr {ac{ c}n mngfj ~rnk i} if }i~{nr {ac{ c}n gf u}ibnrr id

mngfj rn{ ~u& ]ncb{gtn }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr kn{n}ogfn }i~{nr

mn{znnf fiknr iflw zanf {anw c}n nqulgbg{lw fnnknk {i

}i~{n ucb`n{r& Aizntn}, zanfntn} {an}n gr c fnnk di}rnfkgfj c ucb`n{, {an oimgln fikn o~r{ dg}r{ dgfk {an }i~{n

gd {an }i~{n gr fi{ cl}nckw `fizf& [agr }i~{n kgrbitn}w

u}ibnrr ocw }nr~l{ gf bifrgkn}cmln knlcw& Cf nqcouln id

}ncb{gtn }i~{gfj u}i{ibil gr Ck aib If/ Knocfk Kgr{cfbn

Tnb{i} !CIKT'&

3' Ck Aib If/Knocfk Kgr{cfbn Tnb{i}

]i~{gfj U}i{ibil

G{ gr }ncb{gtn }i~{gfj u}i{ibil& CIKT clri bcllnk

ri~}bn/gfg{gc{nk }i~{gfj clji}g{ao, mnbc~rn CIKT iflw

kgrbitn}r {an uc{a {i {an knr{gfc{gif zanf ri~}bn zcf{r {i

rnfk kc{c& Nr{cmlgrank uc{a mn{znnf ri~}bn cfk knr{gfc{gif

}nocgfr cr lifj cr g{ gr fnnknk i} mnbionr gfcbbnrrgmln&

]i~{n kgrbitn}w onbacfgro id CIKT gr mcrnk if }i~{n

}ns~nr{ !]]NS', }i~{n }nulw !]]NU', cfk }i~{n n}}i}

!]N]]' onrrcjnr& Rgfbn CIKT gr dliikgfj gf fc{~}n,

zanf {an}n gr fnnk {i kgrbitn} uc{a, ri~}bn fikn dliikr

]]NS onrrcjn {i cll fngjami}gfj fiknr& [agr ]]NS

onrrcjn bif{cgfr knr{gfc{gif rns~nfbn f~omn}& [agr

rns~nfbn f~omn} anlur gf nfr~}gfj }i~{n tclgkg{w cfk

u}ntnf{r }i~{gfj liiur P=_& Di} nqcouln, c }i~{n zg{a

j}nc{nr{ rns~nfbn f~omn} gr clzcwr bairnf mw rnfkgfj

fikn& Cd{n} }nbngtgfj ]]NS onrrcjn ncba fngjami}gfj

fikn banb`r {an knr{gfc{gif GK& Zanf {an uc{a gr di~fk,

]]NU onrrcjn gr rnf{ mcb` {i }ns~nr{gfj fikn& [an uc{a

dilliznk mw ]]NU onrrcjn gr ~rnk {i rnfk kc{c ucb`n{& If

{an i{an} acfk, zanf {an uc{a gr fi{ di~fk, fngjami}gfjfiknr di}zc}k {an ]]NS {i {ang} fngjami}r& Gf bcrn id lgf`

m}nc`r c ]N]] onrrcjn gr rnf{ {i ri~}bn fikn gfdi}ogfj

{ac{ lgf` gr fi lifjn} tclgk fiz& [an }i~{n kgrbitn}w

onbacfgro id CIKT gr rgoglc} {i KR] cfk }i~{gfj {cmln

id CIKT zg{a knr{gfc{gif rns~nfbn f~omn}r gr rgoglc} {i

KRKT P2_&

B& Awm}gk }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr

Biomgfgfj {an u}icb{gtn cfk }ncb{gtn cuu}icbanr }nr~l{

gf c awm}gk }i~{gfj u}i{ibil& C awm}gk cuu}icba ogfgogxnr

{an kgrcktcf{cjnr, m~{ clri {an cktcf{cjnr id {an {zi

biomgfnk cuu}icbanr& [an Xifn ]i~{gfj U}i{ibil !X]U' gr

r~ba c awm}gk }ncb{gtn )u}icb{gtn }i~{gfj u}i{ibil& Ncbaoimgln fikn u}icb{gtnlw ocgf{cgfr }i~{nr zg{agf c libcl

}njgif !}ndn}}nk {i cr {an }i~{gfj xifn'& Oimgln fiknr

}nrgkgfj i~{rgkn {an xifn bcf mn }ncbank zg{a }ncb{gtn

}i~{gfj& X]U gr cf nqcouln id r~ba c }i~{gfj u}i{ibil&

3' Xifn ]i~{gfj U}i{ibil

X]U gr knrgjfnk {i ckk}nrr {an u}imlnor crribgc{nk

zg{a u}icb{gtn cfk }ncb{gtn }i~{gfj& Nqbnrr mcfkzgk{a

bifr~ou{gif mnbc~rn id dliikgfj id ~ukc{nr ucb`n{r cfk

lifj knlcw gf }i~{n kgrbitn}w }ns~nr{ c}n {zi ocgf

u}imlnor id u}icb{gtn cfk }ncb{gtn }i~{gfj }nrunb{gtnlw&

X]U bcon zg{a {an bifbnu{ id xifnr& Gf lgog{nk xifn, }i~{n

ocgf{nfcfbn gr ncrgn} cfk mnbc~rn id xifnr, f~omn}r id

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ 3;;




}i~{gfj ~ukc{nr c}n knb}ncrnk& Fiknr i~{ id {an xifn bcf

bioo~fgbc{n tgc }ncb{gtn }i~{gfj, di} {agr u~}uirn }i~{n

}ns~nr{ gr fi{ dliiknk {i nf{g}n fn{zi}` iflw {an mi}kn}

fikn gr }nruifrgmln {i un}di}o {agr {cr`& X]U biomgfnr {andnc{~}n id mi{a u}icb{gtn cfk }ncb{gtn }i~{gfj clji}g{aor

P:_& [an c}bag{nb{~}n id X]U bifrgr{r id di~} nlnonf{r8

OCB/lntnl d~fb{gifr, Gf{}c/Xifn ]i~{gfj U}i{ibil

!GC]U', Gf{n}/Xifn ]i~{gfj U}i{ibil !GN]U' cfk Mi}kn}

bcr{ ]i~{gfj U}i{ibil !M]U'& [an u}icb{gtn }i~{gfj gr ~rnk

zg{agf lgog{nk runbgdgnk xifnr cfk mnwifk {an xifnr

}ncb{gtn }i~{gfj gr ~rnk& OCB/lntnl un}di}or fngjami}

kgrbitn}w cfk ocgf{nfcfbn d~fb{gifr& Di} gfr{cfbn, zanf c

fikn bionr gf }cfjn c fi{gdgbc{gif id fnz fngjami} gr rnf{

{i GC]U rgoglc}lw zanf fikn lirrnr biffnb{gtg{w, lir{

biffnb{gtg{w fi{gdgbc{gif gr rnf{ {i GC]U& Zg{agf gf c

runbgdgnk xifn, GC]U u}i{ibil }i~{nr ucb`n{r& GC]U `nnur

gfdi}oc{gif cmi~{ cll fiknr gf {an xifn gf g{r }i~{gfj {cmln&

If {an i{an} acfk, gd fikn zcf{r {i rnfk ucb`n{ {i c fikn

i~{rgkn {an xifn, gf {ac{ bcrn GN]U u}i{ibil gr ~rnk {i dgfk

mnr{ uc{a& [ac{ oncfr GN]U gr }nruifrgmln {i ocgf{cgfr

bi}}nb{ }i~{nr i~{rgkn {an xifn& Gd GN]U kinr fi{ actn cfw

}i~{n gf g{r }i~{gfj {cmln, g{ rnfkr }i~{n s~n}w {i M]U& [an

M]U gr }nruifrgmln {i bif{cb{ zg{a fiknr cb}irr Ck Aib

fn{zi}`r cfk ucrrnr }i~{n s~n}gnr& Goui}{cf{ {agfj gf

mi}kn} bcr{gfj onbacfgro id M]U gr g{ ctigkr ucb`n{r

dliik gf fn{zi}`& M]U clzcwr ucrrnr }i~{n s~n}w }ns~nr{

{i mi}kn} fiknr iflw, rgfbn iflw mi}kn} fiknr {}cfrog{ cfk

}nbngtn ucb`n{r P>, 4, :_&

GGG& ON[AIKILIJW[an rgo~lc{gif gr bifk~b{nk gf {zi kgddn}nf{ rbnfc}gir&

Gf {an dg}r{ rbnfc}gi, {an biouc}grif id {an {zi }i~{gfj

u}i{ibilr gr kifn mw `nnugfj =5 biffnb{gifr dgqnk gf

tc}wgfj f~omn}r id fiknr/35, =5,25,;5,>5&

Gf {an rnbifk rbnfc}gi, {an }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr c}n

ntcl~c{nk gf kgddn}nf{ f~omn} id biffnb{gifr zagln {an

f~omn} id =5 fiknr gr dgqnk& [an f~omn} id biffnb{gifr gr

rn{ {i >, 35,3>,=5,=>&

[an un}di}ocfbn id {an u}i{ibilr knunfkr if tc}gi~r

gf{n}}nlc{gfj ckan}nk on{}gbr kgrb~rrnk gf {an fnq{ r~m/

rnb{gif&

C&

UN]DI]OCFBN ON[]GBR[i cfclwxn {an }nlc{gtn un}di}ocfbn id {an u}i{ibilr zn

oncr~}nk {an dillizgfj un}di}ocfbn on{}gbr d}io {an {}cbn

dglnr&

3' [a}i~jau~{8

[a}i~jau~{ gr {an coi~f{ id kc{c {}cfrdn}}nk {i {an

knr{gfc{gif {a}i~ja {an fn{zi}` gf c ~fg{ {gon nqu}nrrnk gf

`glimg{r un} rnbifk !@mur'&

`mur {gonrgo~lc{gif

k{}cfrdn}nkc{cid Coi~f{[a}i~jau~{

=' F~omn} id Ucb n{r rnf{8

G{ gr {an {i{cl f~omn} id ucb`n{r rnf{ {i {an

knr{gfc{gifr jnfn}c{nk mw {an ri~}bnr&

2' F~omn} id Ucb`n{r }nbngtnk8

G{ gr {an {i{cl f~omn} id ucb`n{r }nbngtnk mw {anknr{gfc{gifr rnf{ d}io {an ri~}bnr&

;' Ucb`n{ Knlgtn}w ]c{gi8

G{ gr {an }c{gi id {an kc{c ucb`n{r knlgtn}nk {i {an

knr{gfc{gifr {i {airn jnfn}c{nk mw {an ri~}bn&

.q355ucb`n{rrnf{[i{cl

ucb`n{r}nbngtnk[i{cl}c{giknlgtn}wUcb`n{

>' ]i~{gfj Itn}anck8

G{ gr f~omn} id }i~{gfj ucb`n{r {}cfrog{{nk un} kc{c

ucb`n{ knlgtn}nk c{ {an knr{gfc{gif&

.q355ucb`n{rgfj{}cfrog{{[i{cl

ucb`n{rrgjfcllgfj}i~{gfj[i{clitn}anck]i~{gfj

4' Ctn}cjn nfk/{i/nfk knlcw id kc{c ucb`n{r8

[an}n c}n uirrgmln knlcwr bc~rnk mw m~ddn}gfj k~}gfj

}i~{n kgrbitn}w lc{nfbw, s~n~gfj c{ {an gf{n}dcbn s~n~n,

}n{}cfrogrrgif knlcwr c{ {an OCB, cfk u}iucjc{gif cfk

{}cfrdn} {gonr& [an ucun} ~rn Ctn}cjn nfk/{i/nfk knlcw&

Ctn}cjn nfk/{i/nfk knlcw gr cf ctn}cjn nfk/{i/nfk knlcw

id kc{c ucb`n{r& G{ clri bc~rnk mw s~n~gfj di} {}cfrogrrgif

c{ {an fikn cfk m~ddn}gfj kc{c di} kn{i~}gfj& [agr on{}gb

knrb}gmnr {an ucb`n{ knlgtn}w {gon8 {an lizn} {an nfk/{i/

nfk knlcw {an mn{{n} {an cuulgbc{gif un}di}ocfbn&

f

3

f

3

{gon}nbt&[BU

{gon'}nbt&[BU/rnf{ {gon![BU

YNfkYKnlcwctjYNfkY{i

[an ucb`n{ knlgtn}w }c{gi cfk {an {a}i~jau~{ c}n oir{

goui}{cf{ di} mnr{ nddi}{ {}cddgb& Cfk {an }i~{gfj itn}anck

ntcl~c{nr {an nddgbgnfbw id {an }i~{gfj u}i{ibil&

GT& RGO^LC[GIF ]NR^L[R

[an r{~kw acr mnnf bc}}gnk i~{ ~rgfj FR= rgo~lc{gif

rid{zc}n ~fkn} Lgf~q iun}c{gfj rwr{no ulc{di}o& Gf {an

rgo~lc{gif, {an un}di}ocfbn id {a}nn }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr

fconlw, CIKT, KRKT cfk X]U c}n cfclwxnk gf {zi

rbnfc}gir& Gf {an dg}r{ rbnfc}gi, f~omn}r id fiknr gr tc}gnk

`nnugfj =5 biffnb{gifr dgqnk cfk gf {an rnbifk rbnfc}gi,

f~omn} id biffnb{gifr gr tc}gnk zagln {an f~omn} id

fiknr, =5 gr dgqnk&

C& Rbnfc}gi 38

Gf {agr dg}r{ rbnfc}gi, {an biouc}grif id {an {a}nn

}i~{gfj u}i{ibilr gr kifn mw `nnugfj =5 biffnb{gifr dgqnk

cfk tc}wgfj f~omn}r id fiknr zg{a rion uc}con{n}r zg{a

c runbgdgb tcl~n cr raizf gf {cmln G&

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ 3;>




[CMLN G& RBNFC]GI 3 DI] RGO^LC[GIF ID CIKT,KRKT CFK

KR]

Uc}con{n} Tcl~n

F~omn} id fiknr

35,=5,25,;5,>5

Rgo~lc{gif

[gon

355

Uc~rn [gon = r

Nftg}ifonf{

Rgxn

:55 q ;55

Ucb`n{ Rgxn >3= mw{nr

Ocqgo~o

Runnk

35 o)r

S~n~n Lnfj{a >5

Oimglg{w

Oiknl

]cfkio Zcwuigf{

Oimglg{w

[an un}di}ocfbn on{}gbr di} {an {a}nn }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr

c}n bclb~lc{nk cfk cll }nlntcf{ j}cuar c}n jgtnf gf dgj~}n =/

dgj~}n 2&

D}io dgj~}n =!c' g{ gr imrn}tnk {ac{ gf {an mnjgffgfj,

{an ctn}cjn nfk/{i/nfk knlcw id CIKT lnckr X]U cfk

{anf bionr KR]& Aizntn}, zg{a {an gfb}ncrn gf f~omn} id

fiknr, KRKT lnckr X]U di} c zagln m~{ CIKT bif{gf~nr

{i lnck {ano& X]U r{c}{r {i kiogfc{n itn} {ano zg{a oi}n

f~omn} id fiknr& C{ lcr{, X]U kiogfc{nr {ano cfk CIKT

lnckr KRKT& Dgj~}n =!m' jgtnr {an ucb`n{ knlgtn}w }c{gi,X]U cfk CIKT bigfbgkn& Gf {an mnjgffgfj, {an ucb`n{

knlgtn}w }c{gi id X]U cfk CIKT gr oi}n {acf KRKT&

Aizntn}, c{ {an lcr{, zg{a gfb}ncrgfj {an f~omn} id fiknr

KRKT kiogfc{nr itn} {ano& Mi{a X]U cfk CIKT

bif{gf~n {i bigfbgkn& Gf {an bcrn }i~{gfj itn}anck CIKT

lnckr itn} KRKT cfk X]U& X]U bionr c{ {an lcr{ d}io {an

mnjgffgfj {i {an nfk zg{a gfb}ncrgfj f~omn} id fiknr cr

u}nrnf{nk gf dgj~}n 2!c'&D}io dgj~}n 2!m' {an {a}i~jau~{ id

{an {a}nn u}i{ibilr bcf mn imrn}tnk& Gf {an mnjgffgfj,

CIKT lnckr itn} KRKT& X]U r{c}{ c{ {an liznr{ coifj

{ano& Cr {an f~omn} id fiknr gfb}ncrnr, KRKT r{c}{r {i

lnck CIKT cfk X]U& C{ {an nfk, KRKT lnckr CIKT

dilliznk mw X]U&

M& Rbnfc}gi =8

Gf {agr rnbifk rbnfc}gi, {an biouc}grif id {an {a}nn

}i~{gfj u}i{ibilr gr kifn mw `nnugfj =5 fiknr dgqnk cfk

tc}wgfj f~omn}r id biffnb{gifr zg{a rion uc}con{n}r

zg{a c runbgdgb tcl~n c}n cr raizf gf {cmln GG&

[CMLN GG& RBNFC]GI = DI] RGO^LC[GIF ID CIKT

,KRKT CFK X]U

Uc}con{n} Tcl~n

F~omn} id

biffnb{gifr

>,35,=5,=>

Rgo~lc{gif [gon 355 rUc~rn [gon = r

Nftg}ifonf{ Rgxn :55 q ;55

Ucb`n{ Rgxn >3= mw{nr

Ocqgo~o Runnk 35 o)r

S~n~n Lnfj{a >5

Oimglg{w Oiknl ]cfkio Zcwuigf{

Oimglg{w

[an un}di}ocfbn on{}gbr di} {an {a}nn }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr

c}n bclb~lc{nk cfk }nlntcf{ j}cuar c}n raizf gf dgj~}n ;/

dgj~}n > }nrunb{gtnlw&

D}io dgj~}n ;!c' {an ctn}cjn nfk/{i/nfk knlcw id

CIKT lnckr X]U cfk X]U lnckr KRKT zg{a lnrr fi& id

fiknr& Zg{a {an gfb}ncrn gf f~omn} id biffnb{gifr, c{ {an

lcr{, CIKT bif{gf~nr {i kiogfc{n itn} X]U cfk KRKT

r{cwr cd{n} X]U& D}io dgj~}n ;!m' g{ bcf mn imrn}tnk {ac{ gf

{an mnjgffgfj, {an ucb`n{ knlgtn}w }c{gi id CIKT lnckr

KRKT cfk KRKT lnckr X]U& Zg{a {an gfb}ncrgfj f~omn}

id biffnb{gifr, ucb`n{ knlgtn}w }c{gi id CIKT k}iur&

Aizntn}, c{ {an lcr{ zg{a gfb}ncrgfj {an f~omn} id

biffnb{gifr, {an ucb`n{ knlgtn}w }c{gi id CIKT }grnr cfk

lnckr X]U m~{ KRKT kiogfc{nr {ano& Gf {an mnjgffgfj,

KRKT lnckr CIKT cfk {anf bionr X]U& Cr {an f~omn}

id biffnb{gifr gfb}ncrnr, CIKT lnckr KRKT m~{ c{ {an

lcr{, KRKT kiogfc{nr CIKT cfk X]U r{cwr c{ {an lcr{ cr

raizf gf dgj~}n >!c'&Gf dgj~}n >!m' KRKT lnckr itn}

CIKT cfk CIKT lnckr X]U& Aizntn}, zg{a {an gfb}ncrn

gf f~omn} id biffnb{gifr, CIKT lnckr KRKT m~{ c{ {an

lcr{, KRKT kiogfc{nr itn} CIKT cfk X]U }nocgfr c{ {an

lcr{&

T& BIFBL^RGIF

Gf {agr ucun} zn actn u}nrnf{nk c kn{cgl biouc}c{gtn

cfclwrnr id kgddn}nf{ }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr ifn ncba d}io {a}nn

kgddn}nf{ bc{nji}gnr id OCFN[ }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr ~fkn}

kgddn}nf{ rbnfc}gir& Kgddn}nf{ un}di}ocfbn on{}gbr c}n

kndgfnk cfk ~rnk di} {an biouc}c{gtn cfclwrnr& [an }nr~l{r

u}nrnf{nk an}n c}n tclgk ~fkn} {an rbnfc}gir bifrgkn}nk gf

{agr ucun}& Aizntn} {an}n c}n ocfw dcb{i}r {ac{ ocw mn

d~}{an} gftnr{gjc{nk {i r{~kw g{r goucb{ if OCFN[ }i~{gfj

u}i{ibilr& Zn mnlgntn {ac{ i~} zi}` u}nrnf{nk gf {agr ucun}

ocw r~g{cmlw mn id anlu {i {an }nrnc}ba bioo~fg{w gf {agr

bacllnfjgfj dgnlk&





P3_ Bion} K&N

cfk C}bag{nP=_ Baizka~}w

id {a}nn zgr{}ncogfjid gfogb =5=55;&

P2_ Un}`gfr, B&Rns~nfbnkRGJBIOO

P;_ B& N& Un}` Tnb{i} !Ccikt/Iv&{q

P>_ Caonk, O&c{{}gm~{nr,-

!c'

]

& “Gf{n}fn{zi}`g

b{~}nr‟,di~}{a nkg, O&^&0Un}n}c, K}nlnrr o~l{g aiuunj; {}cddgb,- O

5;& 1{a gf{n}fc{gi

N& cfk Macjzc{,Kgr{cfbn/Tnb{i}Biou~{& Bioo

gfr cfk N& O&KT' ]i~{gfj&

{, Fitnomn} 377

0 Wi~rnd, R&0 , -GNNN GRGN =551 ,

Dg

DN]NFBNR

j Zg{a [BU)GU8

g{gif, =555&&0 Uaco,{&0-C unck/aib fn{zi}` ~l{g {iugb bifdn}nfcl , til&, fi&, uu

U& 377;& Agjal}i~{gfj !KRKT'~f& ]nt& =;, ; =2

iwn}& Ck AibGN[D lf{n}fn{&

nld/bifdgj~}cmlnuu&=337/=3=;, H

!c'

~}n =& !c' Ctn

8 U}gfbgulnr, U}i{

}di}ocfbn bioui~{gfj u}i{ibilrfbn, =55;& u}ibn& >34/ >=3, =;/=

kwfcogb Knr{gfdi} oimgln bio;/=;;, Ib{& 377;

If Knocfk Kg}cd{, k}cd{/gn{d/

xifn }i~{gfj u}lw =551&

cjn nfk {i knlcw

ibilr,

c}grifzanfkgfjrKnb&

c{gif/~{n}r&&

{cfbncfn{/

{ibil

P4_

P:_

P1_

P7_

P3

P33

tr fi& id fiknr !

!m

Unc}locf, Obifdgj~}c{gifRnlnb{nk C}nc

Uc{nl, M&0 R}g

u}i{ibilr gf=535 Fc{gifcl

C&Miioc}cfg[a}i~jau~{ cIunf U}imlno

Cmk~l Ackgbiouc}grgifOimgln Ck]nrnc}ba,til&

_ R&C Ckn,UCIKT,KRKTAib Fn{zi@fizlnkjno=535&

3_ [&@& Jikkn},Aib ]i~{gfj

m' Ucb`n{ knlgtn

&]& cfk Acrrdi} {an xifn

r gf Bioo~fgbc{

tcr{ctc, R&0 , -U

imgln Ck AibBifdn}nfbn if,

Oclcfw, T&]&k Knlcw Biour Bou{& Oc{a&, t

mk ]caocf,X~}gd CIKT,KRKTAib Fn{zi}`r3,fi&;,uu&>44/>

&C& [ghc}n,,ILR] cfk KR

}`r‟,Gf{& H& if{ Ocfcjnon

“Un}di}ocfbn B}i{ibilr‟,BRNGH

}w }c{gi tr fi& id

, X&H&, Kn{n}o}i~{gfj u}i{ibilgifr& t3: g1& 327

n}di}ocfbn cfcl

Fn{zi}`r,- Biotil&,uu&3/>, =7/23

Rc}oc ,]&O&}grgif id OCFNil&=,fi&2,rnu{no

gc{g Caonk X~`ccfk G/KRKT ]

‟,N~}iuncf Hi4,=557&

“Un}di}ocfbn] ]i~{gfj U}i{d Gfdi}oc{giff{,til&=,fi&= u

ouc}grgif cfk c,til3&fi&3,cu}gl =

!m'

fiknr

gfgfj {an iu{g& GNNN Hi~}fcl/3;3;&

rgr id xifn }i~

o~fgbc{gifr !FBHcf& =535&

bacfk}crn`c}cf,[ U}i{ibilr‟, Gfn} =557&

}fcgf, “Un}di}oci~{gfj U}i{ibil}fcl id Rbgnf

Biouc}grgifbilr gf Oimgln

[nbafilijwu&>;>/>;1,knbn

clwrgr id Oimgln533&

oclif

{gfj

B',

, “{& H&

fbngf

{gdgb

id Ckcfkmn}

Ck

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ 3;:




!c'

!c

!

!c' ]i

' Ctn}cjn nfk {i

c'

!c' ]i~{gfj

{gfj itn}anck tr

knlcw tr fi& id b

tn}anck tr fi& i

fi& id fiknr!m'

iffnb{gifr!m' Uc

d biffnb{gif !m'

[a}i~jau~{ tr f

!m

b`n{ knlgtn}w }c{g

[a}i~jau~{ tr f

i& id fi{nr

tr fi& id biffn

i& id biffnb{gifr

b{gifr

!m'







GRMF8 7:1/13/7=5>:>/:/4 88 kig8 35& :;537)GRMFY5:41

CBO "8 kmn}&gon}c&35& :;537

Lg{n}c{~}n R~}tnw cfk U}iuirnk Bifbnu{ if Un}di}ocfbn Grr~n id O~l{gbcr{gfj

]i~{gfj U}i{ibil gf Zg}nlnrr Rnfri} Fn{zi}`

]ca~l Tn}oc !C~{ai}'

O& [nba& Rbailc} !BRN'

MGR[

Maiucl, Gfkgc

C`aglnra C& Zcii !C~{ai}'

Crr{& U}id& Knu{& id O& [nba& !BRN'

MGR[

Maiucl, Gfkgc

U&R& Uc{anhc !C~{ai}'

Crr{& U}id& Knu{& id O& [nba& !BRN'

MGR[

Maiucl, Gfkgc

Cmr{}cb{‛Fn{zi}`r c}n blcrrgdgnk gf {i {zi ocgf bc{nji}gnr g&n&

zg}nk fn{zi}` cfk zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`& Zn actn `fizf {ac{ {an

zg}nlnrr fn{zi}` gr goui}{cf{& [i R{~kw if zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`

zn actn ~rnk Oimgln Ck/aib Fn{zi}`r !OCFN[' zagba gr {an

fnz }nrnc}ba c}nc& OCFN[ gr gfd}cr{}~b{~}n lnrr fn{zi}`zan}n }i~{gfj gr {an zcw id {}cfrdn}}gfj ucb`n{ d}io ifn fikn

{i cfi{an} fikn gf {an fn{zi}`& O~l{gbcr{ }i~{gfj gr c

{nbafgs~n zan}n c ucb`n{ gr rnfk {i c j}i~u id rnlnb{nk fikn

zagba gr {an onomn} id {ac{ j}i~u, zanf o~l{gbcr{ }i~{gfj gr

cuulgnk {i c OCFN[ itn}cll un}di}ocfbn id {an fn{zi}` gr

gfb}ncrnk& OCIKT cfk IKO]U }i~{gfj u}i{ibil gr {an

nqcouln id o~l{gbcr{gfj }i~{gfj& [anrn u}i{ibilr actn

uc}con{n}r lg`n Ucb`n{ knlgtn}w }c{gi, Bif{}il itn}anck,

Di}zc}kgfj nddgbgnfbw, nfk {i nfk knlgtn}w cfk ocfw i{an}r& Gf

[agr ucun} zn c}n u}iuirgfj c bifbnu{ {i riltn rion

i~{r{cfkgfj u}imlnor lg`n bcucbg{w id {an fn{zi}`, uizn}

nddgbgnfbw id {an fn{zi}` cfk oir{ goui}{cf{ {agfj iu{gocl

knrgjfgfj id {an fn{zi}` gf OCFN[r& Gf {agr ucun} i~}

u}iuirnk bifbnu{ zgll {}w {i u}itgkn ril~{gif id {an onf{gifnk

u}imlnor& An}n zn zgll u}itgkn c knrgjf {i fn{zi}` gf r~ba czcw zan}n zn bcf gfb}ncrn bcucbg{w, uizn} nddgbgnfbw cfk

i{an} uc}con{n}r zagba c}n u}nkndgfn ~rgfj gfrn}{ fnz fikn

bifbnu{ gf nqgr{gfj fn{zi}`&

G& GF[]IK^B[GIF

C oimgln ck aib fn{zi}` !OCFN[' gr c {wun id zg}nlnrrfn{zi}`r& [agr {wun knunfkr if {an oimgln fiknr cfk {an}ngr fi gfd}cr{}~b{~}n gf r~ba {wun& [an}n c}n fi }i~{n}r,rn}tn}r, cbbnrr uigf{r i} bcmlnr& Fiknr !oimglnr' bcf oitnd}nnlw cfk gf c}mg{}c}w zcwr, ri g{ ocw bacfjn g{r libc{gifd}io {gon {i {gon& Ncba fikn ocw mn c rnfkn} i} c }nbngtn},cfk cfw fikn ocw zi}` cr c }i~{n} cfk ki cll }i~{n}d~fb{gifr& [agr oncfr {ac{ g{ bcf di}zc}k ucb`n{r {i i{an}

fiknr& Ocfw cuulgbc{gifr id OCFN[‗r c}n goulnonf{nkcfk ~rnk ~f{gl {ikcw lg`n gf onn{gfj bifdn}nfbnr0 oglg{c}wiun}c{gifr0 rnc}ba cfk }nrb~n iun}c{gifr, cll id {ano c}nnqcoulnr id OCFN[ fn{zi}`r&

O~l{gbcr{gfj gf zg}nlnrr ck/aib fn{zi}` gr c ai{ {iugb gf}nbnf{ wnc}r& Mw o~l{gbcr{gfj, zn oncf {an {}cfrogrrgif id ucb`n{r d}io c ri~}bn i} c j}i~u id ri~}bnr {i c j}i~u id ifn i} oi}n air{r {ac{ c}n gknf{gdgnk mw c rgfjln knr{gfc{gifckk}nrr& O~l{gbcr{gfj j}nc{lw }nk~bnr {an {}cfrogrrgif bir{

zanf rnfkgfj {an rcon ucb`n{ {i o~l{guln }nbgugnf{r&Rntn}cl o~l{gbcr{ }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr actn mnnf }nbnf{lw

u}iuirnk di} ck/aib fn{zi}`r& [anrn u}i{ibilr bcf mn

[}nn/mcrnk i} Onra/mcrnk&

Knunfknf{ i} Gfknunfknf{ id {an ~fkn}lwgfj~fgbcr{ }i~{gfj u}i{ibil&

If/knocfk i} [cmln/k}gtnf&

G{ bcf gou}itn {an ~rcjn id zg}nlnrr lgf`r mw rnfkgfjo~l{guln biugnr id kc{c ucb`n{r ~rgfj gfan}nf{ m}ickbcr{mnactgi} id zg}nlnrr {}cfrogrrgif {ai~ja }nk~bgfj{}cfrogrrgif itn}anck cfk uizn} bifr~ou{gif gr c tn}wbacllnfjgfj uc}{ gf o~l{gbcr{gfj& [an}n c}n ocfwcuulgbc{gifr zan}n ifn/{i/ocfw cfk ocfw/{i/ocfw{}cfrogrrgifr c}n }ns~g}nk&

[}nn/mcrnk }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr actn iflw rgfjln uc{a d}iori~}bn {i knr{gfc{gifr, ri {an m}i`nf lgf`r fnnk {i mn}nucg}nk& If {an i{an} acfk, onra/mcrnk }i~{gfj u}i{ibilocgf{cgfr onra id {an biffnb{nk biouifnf{r id {an fn{zi}` cfk {an}ndi}n, acr o~l{guln uc{ar d}io ri~}bnr {i o~l{gbcr{knr{gfc{gifr& [agr }nk~bnr }nucg}gfj itn}anck k~n {iu}nrnfbn id cl{n}fc{n uc{ar ctcglcmln gf {an fn{zi}`& Onra/mcrnk }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr lnck {i bifjnr{gif ~fkn} {anbifkg{gifr id agja {}cddgb lick zagba bcf }nr~l{ gf lizucb`n{ knlgtn}w }c{gi& [agr ucun} r~ooc}gxnr {an rgo~lc{gif{nbafgs~nr cfk cfclwrgr id rion id {an o~l{gbcr{ u}i{ibilrlg`n OCIKT P35_ cfk IKO]U P33_ gf OCFN[nftg}ifonf{&

[agr ucun} gr i}jcfgxnk cr dillizr8 gf rnb{gif GG znu}nrnf{ c m}gnd r~}tnw if tc}gi~r }nrnc}ba ucun}r ifo~l{gbcr{ }i~{gfj u}i{ibil, rnb{gif GGG gfbl~kn u}imlnodgfkgfj gf oimgln ck/aib fn{zi}`, rnb{gif GT gfbl~knr cknrb}gu{gif id i~} u}iuirnk gknc, rnb{gif T gfbl~kgfjnqunb{nk i~{bion id u}iuirnk bifbnu{& Dgfcllw, rnb{gif TGu}itgknr bifbl~kgfj }noc}`r cfk agjalgja{r i~} u}iuirnkzi}`&

GG& LG[N]C[^]N R^]TNW

Gf P3_ ucun}, {anw actn u}nrnf{ c biouc}c{gtnun}di}ocfbn id {zi if/knocfk o~l{gbcr{ }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr,fconlw OCIKT cfk IKO]U knlgtn}w }c{gi, bif{}ilitn}anck cfk di}zc}kgfj nddgbgnfbw gf kgddn}nf{ o~l{gbcr{nddnb{r r~ba cr gfb}ncrgfj f~omn} id o~l{gbcr{ ri~}bnr cfk}nbngtn}r gf {an o~l{gbcr{ j}i~u& [agr rgo~lc{gif biouirnk





zg{a =55 oimgln fiknr di} {agr rgfjln cb{gtn o~l{gbcr{ j}i~ugf {an fn{zi}`&

Gf Cfi{an} ucun} P2_ {anw actn u}nrnf{ rgo~lc{gif mcrnknqun}gonf{r {i cfclwxn {an un}di}ocfbn id If KnocfkO~l{gbcr{ ]i~{gfj U}i{ibil mw ntcl~c{gfj Ucb`n{ Knlgtn}w]c{gi, Nfk {i Nfk knlcw cfk ctn}cjn {a}i~jau~{& [anrn}nr~l{r c}n biouc}nk mn{znnf IKO]U zg{a CIKT cfkDR] }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr mw tc}wgfj f~omn} id fiknr cfkoimglg{w& [an biouc}grif raizr {ac{ IKO]U di} ck/aibfn{zi}`r un}di}or mn{{n} cr biouc}nk {i CIKT cfk DR]&

An}n cfi{an} kntnliunk {nbafgs~n zagba gr kndgfn gfP3=_ actn kgrb~rr, {anw actn u}nrnf{ c biouc}c{gtnun}di}ocfbn id {a}nn o~l{gbcr{ u}i{ibilr di} Oimgln Ck aibFn{zi}`r ‒ IKO]U, CO]GR cfk OCIKT dib~rgfj if {annddnb{r id bacfjnr r~ba cr {an gfb}ncrgfj f~omn} id }nbngtn}r i} ri~}bnr cfk gfb}ncrgfj {an f~omn} id fiknr&Cl{ai~ja rion rgo~lc{gif }nr~l{r id OCFN[ u}i{ibilractn mnnf u~mlgrank mndi}n, {anrn {a}nn u}i{ibilr actn fi{mnnf biouc}nk gf grilc{gif& Gf }nbnf{ wnc}r, c f~omn} id fnz o~l{gbcr{ u}i{ibilr actn mnnf u}iuirnk di} ck aibfn{zi}`r& C rwr{noc{gb un}di}ocfbn ntcl~c{gif id {anrnu}i{ibilr gr kifn mw un}di}ogfj bn}{cgf rgo~lc{gifr& [ancuulgbcmglg{w id o~l{gbcr{ u}i{ibilr {i kgtn}rn rg{~c{gif c}nclri r{~kgnk cfk kgrb~rrnk&

Gf P32_, {anw actn u}nrnf{ c biouc}c{gtn un}di}ocfbnntcl~c{gif id {a}nn jnfn}cl/u~}uirn if/knocfk o~l{gbcr{u}i{ibilr, fconlw CKO], OCIKT, cfk IKO]U,dib~rgfj if {an nddnb{r id bacfjnr r~ba cr gfb}ncrgfjf~omn} id o~l{gbcr{ }nbngtn}r i} ri~}bnr, cuulgbc{gifrnfkgfj uc{{n}f, cfk gfb}ncrgfj f~omn} id fiknr gf {anfn{zi}`& [anw actn ~rn oimgln fn{zi}`r biouirnk id 355i} =55 fiknr, zg{a mi{a c rgfjln cb{gtn o~l{gbcr{ j}i~u cfko~l{guln cb{gtn o~l{gbcr{ j}i~ur gf {an fn{zi}`, gf c zgkn}cfjn id o~l{gbcr{ rbnfc}gir& Cl{ai~ja rion rgo~lc{gif}nr~l{r di} {anrn u}i{ibilr actn mnnf u~mlgrank mndi}n, {an{a}nn u}i{ibilr actn fi{ mnnf biouc}nk, cfk u}gi} r{~kgnractn dib~rnk if roclln} fn{zi}`r ~rgfj c rocll rn{ id rgo~lc{gif rbnfc}gir, ocfw zg{a iflw c rgfjln cb{gtno~l{gbcr{ j}i~u& [anw actn dib~r an}n if {an nddnb{r id {anu}i{ibilr‗ }nlc{gtn knj}nn id if/knocfk mnactgi} cfk {ang}un}di}ocfbn gf kgddn}nf{ o~l{gbcr{ rbnfc}gir&

GGG& U]IMLNO DI]O^LC[GIF

Gd itn}anck gf zg}nlnrr fn{zi}` fiknr knb}ncrnr fn{zi}` bcucbg{w, }nk~bgfj {an itn}anck zgll gfb}ncrn {an bcucbg{w id

{an fn{zi}`& G{ gr uir{~lc{nk gf {agr ucun} {ac{ {angf{}ik~b{gif id cf gf{nllgjnf{lw ulcbnk fikn bcf gfb}ncrn {anbcucbg{w id c fn{zi}`& [i knb}ncrn {an itn}ancknqun}gnfbnk zg{agf {an fn{zi}`, fiknr c}n }ns~g}nk {i actn{an ogfgocl f~omn} id fngjami}r uirrgmln& [agr bcf mncbbioulgrank mw lizn}gfj {an {}cfrogrrgif uizn}r id gfkgtgk~cl fiknr {i c lntnl zan}n {an f~omn} id fngjami}r grogfgogxnk m~{ {an fn{zi}` }nocgfr biffnb{nk& [an s~nr{gif{an}ndi}n c}grnr, bcf {an gfrn}{gif id cf ckkg{gifcl fikn gf{ic OCFN[ bi~ulnk zg{a blcrrgbcl {iuilijw bif{}ilonbacfgror lnck {i cf gfb}ncrn gf fn{zi}` bcucbg{w9 Gd ri,zan}n rai~lk {agr fnz fikn gr ckknk9

GT& U]IUIRNK ZI]@

Jnfn}cllw oimgln ck/aib fn{zi}`r !OCFN[r' c}n ~rnkdi} oglg{c}w cfk bgtglgcf cuulgbc{gifr& [an}n c}n r{gll c li{ id

gf{n}nr{gfj u}imlnor gftnr{gjc{gfj {an bcucbg{w cfk {aniu{gocl knrgjf id {anrn fn{zi}`r& Gf [agr ucun} zn c}nu}iuirgfj c bifbnu{ {i riltn rion u}imlnor zagba grdgfkgfj gf OCFN[r& I~} ocgf cgo id u}iuirnk bifbnu{ gr{i gfb}ncrn {an bcucbg{w cfk uizn} nddgbgnfbw id {anOCFN[ ~rgfj o~l{gbcr{gfj u}i{ibilr lg`n IKO]U,OCIKT& An}n u}iuirnk bifbnu{ u}itgkgfj ril~{gif di} {anu}imlnor id gfb}ncrgfj {an bcucbg{w, uizn} nddgbgnfbw,gfb}ncrgfj ucb`n{ knlgtn}w }c{gi, bif{}il itn}anck,gfb}ncrgfj di}zc}k nddgbgnfbw cfk knb}ncrgfj nfk/{i/nfkknlcw id c OCFN[& Zg{a {an anlu id u}iuirnk bifbnu{ znzgll {}w {i knb}ncrn {an itn}anck id {an fn{zi}` ~rgfjo~l{gbcr{ }i~{gfj u}i{ibil& An}n zn zgll {}w {i gfrn}{ fnzfikn gf {an nqgr{gfj fn{zi}`& [agr fnz fikn zgll gfrn}{

zanf o~l{gbcr{ }i~{gfj zgll un}di}onk& Zg{a {an anlu id {agrfnz fikn zn bcf }nk~bn itn}anck, k~n {i {agr zn bcfcbagntn {an fn{zi}` bcucbg{w gr ocqgogxnk mw ogfgogxgfjitn}anck& Mcrgb u}gfbgucl id u}iuirnk bifbnu{ gr raizf gfdgj~}n 3& an}n g{ gr blnc} {ac{ itn}anck mn{znnf {zi fiknr gr}nk~bgfj mw ckkgfj fnz fikn& K~n {i {agr f~omn} id onrrcjnr bcf mn ncrglw {}cfrog{{nk mn{znnf ri~}bnr {iknr{gfc{gif ~rgfj cl{n}fc{n uc{a&

Dgj~}n 38 C}bag{nb{~}n id U}iuirnk Bifbnu{

Dgj~}n = gr raizgfj dliz bac}{ id u}iuirnk bifbnu{& Znactn r{c}{ rnfkgfj ucb`n{r d}io ri~}bn {i rgf` cfk gd cll {anuc{a cl}nckw r~ddn} d}io itn}anck u}imlno {anf i~} }nbnf{lwucb`n{ zgll clri r~ddn} {anrn u}imlno m~{ u}iuirnk bifbnu{gr riltgfj {agr u}imlno ~rgfj gfrn}{gfj fnz fikn gf u}iun}libc{gif ri zn bcf kgtn}{ i} }nk~bn itn}anck gf fn{zi}` cfk{}cfrdn} ucb`n{r di}o ri~}bn {i rgf` gf ncrw zcw& Zn zgll{}w {i dgfk u}iun} libc{gif if {an rion imrn}tc{gif lg`n oir{itn}anck uc{a, lnrr nfn}jw uc{a, lnrr kgr{cfbn cfk ocfwoi}n&

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ 3>5




Dgj~}n =8 Dliz Bac}{ id U}iuirnk Bifbnu{

Cktcf{cjnr id o~l{guc{a }i~{gfj8/

Dc~l{ {iln}cfbn&

Lick mclcfbgfj&

Mcfkzgk{a ~{glgxc{gif&

Knb}ncrn Nfk/{i/Nfk knlcw&

T& NQUNB[NK I^[BION

[an o~l{gbcr{gfj }i~{gfj u}i{ibil IKO]U zgll mn

u}ik~bn mc{{n} }nr~l{r cr biouc}n i{an} o~l{gbcr{gfj }i~{gfj

u}i{ibil& I~} rgo~lc{gif zgll zn bifbnf{}c{n if IKO]U

}i~{gfj u}i{ibil& Dillizgfj uigf{r di} mc{{n} }nr~l{

IKO]U ~rnk ONRA {iuilijw d}io ncba ri~}bn

IKO]U u}itgknr cl{n}fc{gtn uc{ar cfk c lgf`

dcgl~}n fnnk fi{ {}gjjn} {an }n/biou~{c{gif id {an

onra, m}i`nf lgf`r zgll {gon i~{

IKO]U m}ickbcr{r {an }nulw mcb` {i {an ri~}bn

IKO]U cllizr di} o~l{guln uirrgmln uc{ar d}io

{an o~l{gbcr{ ri~}bn mcb` {i {an }nbngtn}

IKO]U kinr cb{gtc{n c o~l{gbcr{ }i~{n

goonkgc{nlw

TG& BIFBL^RGIF

C jnfn}cl bifbl~rgif gr {ac{, gf c oimgln rbnfc}gi, onra/mcrnk u}i{ibilr i~{ un}di}onk {}nn/mcrnk u}i{ibilr& [an

ctcglcmglg{w id cl{n}fc{n }i~{nr u}itgknk }im~r{fnrr {ioimglg{w& IKO]U gr tn}w nddnb{gtn cfk nddgbgnf{ gf oir{ id i~} u}iuirnk uc}con{n} di} rgo~lc{gif rbnfc}gir& Aizntn},zn kgk fi{ bitn} ntn}w uirrgmln rg{~c{gif& Zagln {anu}iuirnk bifbnu{ id {agr ucun} zgll u}itgkn j~gknlgfnr {igoulnonf{c{gif id fn{zi}`, {an dgfcl rnlnb{gif id c o~l{gbcr{u}i{ibil rai~lk {c`n gf{i cbbi~f{ i{an} bifrgkn}c{gifrzagba bcffi{ mn tcl~c{nk tgc rgo~lc{gif clifn&

]NDN]NFBNR

P3_ ]& Ucfkg Rnltco cfk T& Uclcfgrcow “ C Un}di}ocfbn Biouc}grif id OCIKT cfk IKO]U ]i~{gfj U}i{ibilr gf Oimgln Ck AibFn{zi}`r‟ u~mlgrank gf Gf{n}fc{gifcl Hi~}fcl id ]nrnc}ba cfk]ntgnzr gf Ck aib Fn{zi}`r !GH]]CF' Til& 3, Fi& 2, Rnu{nomn}=533, GRRF8 =5;4/>354&

P=_ Cmaghg{ Kcr Ri~owc Rcf`c} Mcr~ cfk C{cl Bac~ka~}g C “FitnlRnb~}g{w Rbanon di} Zg}nlnrr Ckaib Fn{zi}`‟ u~tlgrank gf Zg}nlnrrBioo~fgbc{gif, Tnagb~lc} [nbafilijw, Gfdi}oc{gif [ani}w cfkCn}irucbn $ Nlnb{}ifgb Rwr{nor [nbafilijw !Zg}nlnrr TG[CN',=533 =fk GNNN Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn =533&

P2_ W~katg} Rgfja Wijnra Bacmc Oifg`c Hcgf cfk U}cmac ]cfg“Un}di}ocfbn Ntcl~c{gif id If/Knocfk O~l{gbcr{gfj ]i~{gfjU}i{ibilr gf Oimgln Ckaib Fn{zi}`r‟ u~mlgrank gf =535Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if ]nbnf{ [}nfkr gf Gfdi}oc{gif,[nlnbioo~fgbc{gif cfk Biou~{gfj&

P;_ W~katg} Rgfja cfk K}& Wijnra Bacmc “Rnb~}g{w cfk Fn{zi}` Un}di}ocfbn Ntcl~c{gif id @@* B}wu{ij}cuagb [nbafgs~n gf OimglnCkaib Fn{zi}`r‟ u~mlgrank gf GNNN Gf{n}fc{gifcl CktcfbnBiou~{gfj Bifdn}nfbn !GCBB =557' Uc{gclc, Gfkgc, 4/: Oc}ba =557&

P>_ N& O& ]iwn} cfk B& N& Un}`gfr, eeO~l{gbcr{ Iun}c{gifr id {an Ck/AibIf/Knocfk Kgr{cfbn Tnb{i} ]i~{gfj U}i{ibil**, U}ibnnkgfjr id

CBO)GNNN OIMGBIO*77, uu& =5:/=31, Rnc{{ln, ZC, C~j& 3777&

P4_ O& R& Bi}rif cfk R& J& Mc{rnll, eeC ]nrn}tc{gif/Mcrnk O~l{gbcr{!]MO' ]i~{gfj U}i{ibil di} Oimgln Fn{zi}`r8 Gfg{gcl ]i~{nBifr{}~b{gif Uacrn**, CBO)Mcl{xn} Zg}nlnrr Fn{zi}`r, til& 3, fi& ;,uu& ;=:/;>5, Knb& 377>&

P:_ L& Hg cfk O& R& Bi}rif, eeC Lgja{zngja{ Ckcu{gtn O~l{gbcr{Clji}g{ao**, U}ibnnkgfjr id GNNN JLIMNBIO*71, uu& 3524/35;=,Rwkfnw, C~r{}cl, Fit& 3771&

P1_ N& Mioocgca, n{ cl&, eeCO]i~{n8 Ckaib O~l{gbcr{ ]i~{gfj U}i{ibil**,Gf{n}fn{ K}cd{, C~j& 3771, Zi}` gf u}ij}nrr&

P7_ B& Z& Z~, W& B& [cw, cfk B& @& [ia, eeCk aib O~l{gbcr{ ]i~{gfjU}i{ibil ~{glgxgfj Gfb}ncrgfj gk/f~omn}R !CO]GR' D~fb{gifclRunbgdgbc{gif**, Gf{n}fn{ K}cd{, Fit& 3771, Zi}` gf u}ij}nrr&

P35_ Nlgxcmn{a O& ]iwn} cfk Bac}lnr N& Un}`gfr& O~l{gbcr{ Iun}c{gif id {an Ck/aib If/Knocfk Kgr{cfbn Tnb{i} ]i~{gfj U}i{ibil& Gf

U}ibnnkgfjr id {an Dgd{a Cff~cl CBO)GNNN Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbnif Oimgln Biou~{gfj cfk Fn{zi}`gfj, Oimgbio ‗77, ucjnr =5:‒=31, C~j~r{ 3777&

P33_ R&/H& Lnn, Z& R~, cfk O& Jn}lc, “If/Knocfk O~l{gbcr{ ]i~{gfjU}i{ibil !IKO]U' di} Ck Aib Fn{zi}`r,‟ Gf{n}fn{/K}cd{ , k}cd{/gn{d/ocfn{/iko}u/53&{q{, H~f& 3777&

P3=_ Cuc}fc @ “ Un}di}ocfbn Biouc}grif id OCFN[ !Oimgln Ck aibFn{zi}`' U}i{ibilr !IKO]U zg{a CO]GR cfk OCIKT'‟ u~mlgrankgf Gf{n}fc{gifcl Hi~}fcl id Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr !57:> ‒ 111:'Til~on 3 ‒ Fi& 35 =535&

P32_ Hi}hn{c J& Hn{bantc cfk Kctgk M& Hiafrif “C Un}di}ocfbnBiouc}grif id If/Knocfk O~l{gbcr{ ]i~{gfj U}i{ibilr di} Ck AibFn{zi}`r‟ u~mlgrank gf Knbnomn} 3>, =55; BO^/BR/5;/3:4&






Til~on 3& Biuw}gja{ § =53= [nbafi Di}~o J}i~u, Gfkgc&GRMF8 7:1/13/7=5>:>/:/4 88 kig8 35& :;5=4)GRMFY5:41

CBO "8 kmn}&gon}c&35& :;5=4

[an Bianrgtn Bi~f{n}oncr~}n Rbanonr di} Rnb~}gfj Zg}nlnrr Rnfri} Fn{zi}`r

cjcgfr{ T~lfn}cmglg{gnr cfk C{{cb`r8 ]ntgnz

]iffgn K& Bcw{glnr

Acffco fgtn}rg{w

Kcnhnif, @i}nc

Bi}}nruifkgfj C~{ai}

[cg/aiif @go

JTRC $ fgtn}rg{w id [crocfgc

C~r{}clgc

Kiogfg` Řlėxc`

^fgtn}rg{w id Zc}rcz $ Gfdim}gja{

Zc}rcz, Uilcfk

Cmr{}cb{‛ [an {n}o “Zg}nlnrr Rnfri} Fn{zi}` !ZRF'‟,

knfi{nr c fn{zi}` id gf{nllgjnf{ rnfri} fiknr {ac{ oifg{i}r

uawrgbcl cfk nftg}ifonf{cl bifkg{gifr cfk bcf mn knuliwnk

cfwzan}n cfk cfw{gon& ZRF u}itgknr ocfw cktcf{cjnr, m~{ g{

gr clri bi~ulnk zg{a fnz rnb~}g{w {a}nc{r cfk cl{n}r {an

i}jcfgxc{gif‗r itn}cll gfdi}oc{gif rnb~}g{w }gr` u}idgln&Cl{ai~ja goulnonf{c{gif id {nbafilijgbcl ril~{gifr gr {an ~r~cl

}nruifk {i zg}nlnrr rnb~}g{w {a}nc{r cfk t~lfn}cmglg{gnr,

zg}nlnrr rnb~}g{w gr u}goc}glw c ocfcjnonf{ grr~n& Nddnb{gtn

ocfcjnonf{ id {an {a}nc{r crribgc{nk zg{a zg}nlnrr {nbafilijw

}ns~g}nr c ri~fk cfk {ai}i~ja crrnrronf{ id }gr` jgtnf {an

nftg}ifonf{ cfk kntnliuonf{ id c ulcf {i og{gjc{n gknf{gdgnk

{a}nc{r& Gf {agr ucun}, zn r{~kw {an bianrgtn bi~f{n}oncr~}n

rbanonr di} rnb~}gfj ZRFr cjcgfr{ gknf{gdgnk t~lfn}cmglg{gnr,

{a}nc{r cfk c{{cb`r& Zn u}nrnf{ cf cfclwrgr {i anlu fn{zi}`

ocfcjn}r ~fkn}r{cfk cfk crrnrr {an tc}gi~r {a}nc{r crribgc{nk

zg{a {an ~rn id zg}nlnrr {nbafilijw& C f~omn} id ctcglcmln

ril~{gifr di} bi~f{n}gfj {airn {a}nc{r c}n kgrb~rrnk&

@nwzi}k r/ ZRF, ZRF [a}nc{r, ZRF Rnb~}g{w, rnfri}

fiknr, nfb}wu{gif

G& G F[]IK^B[GIF

ZRFr bifrgr{ id o~l{gd~fb{gif rnfri} fiknr {ac{ c}nrocll gf rgxn cfk bioo~fgbc{n zg}nlnrrlw itn} rai}{kgr{cfbnr& [an rnfri} fiknr gf{nj}c{n kgddn}nf{ u}iun}{gnr di} rnfrgfj {an nftg}ifonf{, cr znll cr kc{c u}ibnrrgfj cfkbioo~fgbc{gif coifj i{an} rnfri}r& ZRFr un}di}o cfgoui}{cf{ }iln gf ocfw cuulgbc{gifr, r~ba cr mc{{lndgnlkrr~}tngllcfbn, uc{gnf{ ancl{a oifg{i}gfj, aion c~{ioc{gif,{}cddgb bif{}il, nftg}ifonf{cl imrn}tc{gif cfk m~glkgfjgf{}~rgif r~}tngllcfbn&

[an zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`gfj acr gou}itnk u}ik~b{gtg{w

{a}i~ja gfb}ncrnk cbbnrrgmglg{w {i gfdi}oc{gif }nri~}bnr cfkncrgn}, dcr{n} cfk lnrr nqunfrgtn fn{zi}` bifdgj~}c{gif&ZRFr u}itgkn biftnfgnfbn, bir{ nddgbgnfbw, cfk ncrn id gf{nj}c{gif zg{a i{an} fn{zi}`r cfk fn{zi}` biouifnf{r&Aizntn}, zg}nlnrr {nbafilijw clri b}nc{nr fnz {a}nc{r& Rgfbnbioo~fgbc{gif di} ZRFr c}n {a}i~ja }ckgi d}ns~nfbgnr, {an}gr` id gf{n}bnu{gif gr j}nc{n} {acf zg{a zg}nk fn{zi}`r&

Gd {an onrrcjn gr fi{ nfb}wu{nk, i} nfb}wu{nk zg{a c znc` clji}g{ao, {an c{{cb`n} bcf }nck g{, {an}nmw biou}iogrgfjbifdgknf{gclg{w& Rnb~}g{w imhnb{gtnr gfbl~kn8 u}nrn}tgfjbifdgknf{gclg{w, nfr~}gfj gf{nj}g{w, cfk ocgf{cgfgfjctcglcmglg{w id {an gfdi}oc{gif cfk gfdi}oc{gif rwr{nor&

ZRFr u}nrnf{ c acfkd~l id grr~nr di} fn{zi}` ocfcjn}r&^fc~{ai}gxnk cbbnrr uigf{r, ~f`fizf r{c{gifr, bcu{~}nkfiknr, ruiidnk cb`fizlnkjnonf{r c}n h~r{ c dnz id {an

u}imlnor ckk}nrrnk gf ZRF {}i~mlnraii{gfj& Oi}nitn},ifrg{n ocgf{nfcfbn di} }noi{nlw knuliwnk rnfri} fiknr grgfdncrgmln, {a~r c {ai}i~ja bifrgkn}c{gif id rnb~}g{w ril~{gifrcfk {}i~mlnraii{gfj {iilr o~r{ mn ctcglcmln&

Gf {agr ucun}, zn gknf{gdw {an bianrgtn bi~f{n}oncr~}nrbanonr {ac{ bcf ckk}nrr {an }gr`r iddn}nk mw {an {a}nc{r cfkc{{cb`r }nlc{nk {i ZRFr& Cl{ai~ja {anrn {a}nc{r bcffi{ mn{i{cllw nlgogfc{nk, c knrg}nk lntnl id rnb~}g{w bcf mn cbagntnk

mw ckiu{gfj r~ba bi~f{n}oncr~}n& [an imhnb{gtn id {agr ucun} gr {i crrgr{ ocfcjn}r gf oc gfj knbgrgifr mw u}itgkgfj{ano zg{a c mcrgb ~fkn}r{cfkgfj id {an fc{~}n id {an tc}gi~r

{a}nc{r crribgc{nk zg{a zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`gfj cfk ctcglcmlnbi~f{n}oncr~}nr&

GG& ZRF RNB^]G[W [A]NC[R

[agr rnb{gif bitn}r {an kgddn}nf{ c{{cb`r cfk {a}nc{r {ac{}nlc{n {i ZRFr& Oir{ id {anrn c{{cb`r c}n rgoglc} {i {airn{ac{ cuulw {i {}ckg{gifcl fn{zi}`r& Aizntn} c fikn bcu{~}nc{{cb` gr c {i{cllw fnz cfk kgr{gfb{ uanfionfif zagba kinrfi{ cuulw {i {}ckg{gifcl fn{zi}`r&

C& Fikn Bcu{~}n C{{cb`

Ifn id {an kgr{gfb{ c{{cb`r gf ZRFr gr c fikn bcu{~}n& Gf{agr c{{cb`, cf c{{cb`n} jcgfr d~ll bif{}il itn} c rnfri} fikn{a}i~ja c kg}nb{ uawrgbcl cbbnrr& [anf {an c{{cb`n} bcf ncrglw

nq{}cb{ b}wu{ij}cuagb u}gog{gtnr cfk im{cgf ~flgog{nk cbbnrr{i {an gfdi}oc{gif r{i}nk if {an onoi}w bagu id {an bcu{~}nkfikn {a}i~ja c }ntn}rn nfjgfnn}gfj u}ibnrr zg{a {an ui{nf{gcl{i bc~rn r~mr{cf{gcl kcocjn {i {an nf{g}n ZRF&

[a}nn ocgf dcb{i}r {ac{ bcf cgk {an c{{cb`n}r k~}gfj cfikn bcu{~}n c{{cb`8

• Gd rnfri} fiknr zg{agf {an ZRF rac}n c `nw i} `nwrzg{a fngjami}gfj fiknr {ac{ gr ~rnk {i nfb}wu{ i} knb}wu{ kc{c&

• C fikn bcu{~}n c{{cb` acr c j}nc{ goucb{ if {anr{}~b{~}n i} {iuilijw id c ZRF&

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ 3>=




• [an knfrg{w id {an ZRF acr c kg}nb{ gfdl~nfbn iffikn bcu{~}n c{{cb`r, actgfj c rgoglc} cddnb{ {i {anfn{zi}` r{}~b{~}n&

M& Rgkn Bacffnl C{{cb` C rgkn bacffnl c{{cb` }ndn}r {i cfw c{{cb` {ac{ gr mcrnk if

gfdi}oc{gif jc{an}nk d}io {an uawrgbcl goulnonf{c{gif id cb}wu{irwr{no, gf bif{}cr{ {i t~lfn}cmglg{gnr gf {an clji}g{aog{rnld P7_& Di} nqcouln {an c{{cb`n} oifg{i}r {an uizn} bifr~ou{gif i} {an nlnb{}iocjfn{gb !NO' nocfc{gif d}ior~ba b}wu{ij}cuagb kntgbnr, cfk {anf cfclwxnr {an billnb{nkkc{c {i nq{}cb{ {an crribgc{nk b}wu{i `nw&

Rgkn bacffnl c{{cb`r gfbl~kn8• Rgouln uizn} cfclwrgr !RUC' gr c {nbafgs~n {ac{

gftiltnr kg}nb{lw gf{n}u}n{gfj uizn} bifr~ou{gifoncr~}nonf{r billnb{nk k~}gfj b}wu{ij}cuagbiun}c{gifr& Fi r{c{gr{gbcl cfclwrgr gr }ns~g}nk gf r~bacf c{{cb` P>_&

• Rgouln nlnb{}iocjfn{gb cfclwrgr !RNOC' cfcktn}rc}w gr cmln {i nq{}cb{ biou}iogrgfjgfdi}oc{gif d}io c rgfjln nlnb{}iocjfn{gb rcoulnP;_&

• Gf kgddn}nf{gcl uizn} cfclwrgr !KUC' cf cktn}rc}woifg{i}r {an uizn} bifr~onk mw b}wu{ij}cuagbkntgbnr, cfk {anf r{c{gr{gbcllw cfclwxnr {an billnb{nkkc{c {i nq{}cb{ c `nw gf bif{}cr{ {i {an rgouln uizn} cfclwrgr P>_&

• Gf kgddn}nf{gcl nlnb{}iocjfn{gb cfclwrgr !KNOC',gfr{nck id oifg{i}gfj {an uizn} bifr~ou{gif, cfc{{cb`n} oifg{i}r nlnb{}iocjfn{gb nocfc{gifr d}iob}wu{ij}cuagb kntgbnr, cfk {anf {an rcon r{c{gr{gbclcfclwrgr cr {ac{ di} {an kgddn}nf{gcl uizn} cfclwrgr gr

un}di}onk if {an billnb{nk nlnb{}iocjfn{gb kc{c {inq{}cb{ rnb}n{ uc}con{n}r P;_&

B& Knfgcl id Rn}tgbnr !KiR'

C Knfgcl/id/Rn}tgbn c{{cb` !KiR' ibb~}r zanf cfc{{cb`n} bif{gf~cllw miomc}kr c {c}jn{nk CU !Cbbnrr Uigf{'i} fn{zi}` zg{a mij~r }ns~nr{r, u}noc{~}n r~bbnrrd~lbiffnb{gif onrrcjnr, dcgl~}n onrrcjnr, cfk)i} i{an} bioocfkr& KiR gr cf ntnf{ {ac{ kgogfgranr i} nlgogfc{nr cfn{zi}`‗r bcucbg{w {i un}di}o g{r nqunb{nk d~fb{gif {a}i~jaac}kzc}n dcgl~}nr, rid{zc}n m~jr, }nri~}bn nqac~r{gif,oclgbgi~r m}ickbcr{gfj id agja nfn}jw rgjfclr,nftg}ifonf{cl bifkg{gifr, i} cfw bioulgbc{nk gf{n}cb{gif

mn{znnf {anrn dcb{i}r P33_&

Bioo~fgbc{gif rwr{nor bi~lk mn hcoonk biouln{nlw gd r~ba c{{cb`r r~bbnnk& I{an} knfgcl id rn}tgbn c{{cb`r c}n clri

uirrgmln, n&j&, gfagmg{gfj bioo~fgbc{gif mw tgilc{gfj {anOCB u}i{ibil& [anrn bc~rn lnjg{goc{n ~rn}r {i fi{ mn cmln {ijn{ if {an fn{zi}` cfk ocw ntnf bc~rn {an fn{zi}` {i b}cra&[anrn c{{cb`r }nlw if {an cm~rn id u}i{ibilr r~ba cr {anNq{nfrgmln C~{anf{gbc{gif U}i{ibil !NCU'&

K& Rid{zc}n C{{cb`r

Gf Rid{zc}n/mcrnk c{{cb`r if ZRFr, cf c{{cb`n} ocw {}w{i oikgdw {an rid{zc}n bikn gf onoi}w i} nqulig{ `fizft~lfn}cmglg{gnr gf {an rid{zc}n bikn& C znll/`fizf nqcoulnid r~ba cf c{{cb` gr c m~ddn} itn}dliz c{{cb` zan}n c u}ibnrr

c{{nou{r {i r{i}n kc{c mnwifk {an mi~fkc}gnr id c dgqnklnfj{a m~ddn}, {a~r, }nr~l{gfj gf {an nq{}c kc{c itn}z}g{gfj {anckhcbnf{ onoi}w libc{gifr&

N& ]i~{gfj C{{cb`rCr knrb}gmnk nc}lgn}, ntn}w fikn cb{r cr c }i~{n} gf c

ZRF& ]i~{gfj cfk kc{c di}zc}kgfj c}n cf goui}{cf{ {cr` di} rnfri} fiknr& ]i~{gfj u}i{ibilr actn {i mn nfn}jw cfkonoi}w nddgbgnf{, m~{ c{ {an rcon {gon {anw actn {i mn }im~r{cjcgfr{ c{{cb`r cfk fikn dcgl~}nr& [an}n actn mnnf ocfw

uizn}/nddgbgnf{ }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr u}iuirnk di} ZRFr&Aizntn}, oir{ id {ano r~ddn} d}io rnb~}g{w t~lfn}cmglg{gnrid ifn ri}{ i} cfi{an}& Gf {an }ncl zi}lk, c rnb~}n }i~{gfj

u}i{ibil rai~lk j~c}cf{nn {an gf{nj}g{w, c~{anf{gbg{w cfkctcglcmglg{w id onrrcjnr gf {an nqgr{nfbn id cktn}rc}gnr id c}mg{}c}w uizn}& Ntn}w c~{ai}gxnk }nbngtn} rai~lk }nbngtn cllonrrcjnr u}iuirnk di} g{ cfk rai~lk mn bcucmln id u}itgfj{an gf{nj}g{w id ntn}w onrrcjn cfk clri {an gknf{g{w id {anrnfkn}&

Rion id {an }i~{gfj u}i{ibil c{{cb`r c}n {an dillizgfjP35_8

• Mlcb` ailn c{{cb`r i} ucb`n{ k}iu c{{cb`0• Ruiidnk, cl{n}nk, i} }nulcwnk c{{cb`0• Zi}oailnr c{{cb`0• Rnlnb{gtn di}zc}kgfj c{{cb`0• Rgf`ailn c{{cb`0• ANLLI dliik c{{cb`0• Cb`fizlnkjnonf{ ruiidgfj&

D& [}cddgb Cfclwrgr C{{cb`r

Cll bioo~fgbc{gif gr ZRFr gr oitgfj {izc}k c mcrnr{c{gif gf ocfw/{i/ifn i} ocfw/{i/dnz uc{{n}fr& Cf c{{cb`n}

gr cmln {i jc{an} o~ba gfdi}oc{gif if {an {iuilijw id {anfn{zi}` cr znll cr {an libc{gif id {an mcrn r{c{gif cfk i{an} r{}c{njgb fiknr mw imrn}tgfj {}cddgb til~onr cfk uc{{n}f&

[an}n c}n {zi {wunr id {}cddgb cfclwrgr c{{cb`r gf ZRFr8 c}c{n oifg{i}gfj c{{cb` cfk c {gon bi}}nlc{gif c{{cb`& Gf c }c{noifg{i}gfj c{{cb` cf c{{cb`n} oifg{i}r {an ucb`n{ rnfkgfj}c{n id fiknr fnc} {an c{{cb`n} cfk oitnr blirn} {i {an fiknr{ac{ actn c agjan} ucb`n{ rnfkgfj }c{n& Gf c {gon bi}}nlc{gifc{{cb` cf c{{cb`n} imrn}tnr {an bi}}nlc{gif gf rnfkgfj {gon

mn{znnf c fikn cfk g{r fngjami} fikn {ac{ gr crr~onk {i mndi}zc}kgfj {an rcon ucb`n{ cfk knk~bnr {an uc{a mwdillizgfj {an ri~fk di} ncba di}zc}kgfj iun}c{gif cr {an

ucb`n{ u}iucjc{nr {izc}kr {an mcrn r{c{gif P2_&

J& Rwmgl C{{cb`r[an Rwmgl c{{cb` gr kndgfnk cr c oclgbgi~r kntgbn

gllnjg{goc{nlw {c`gfj if o~l{guln gknf{g{gnr& Di} nqcouln, coclgbgi~r fikn bcf blcgo dclrn gknf{g{gnr, i} goun}rifc{ni{an} lnjg{goc{n fiknr gf {an fn{zi}` P3_P=_& [an Rwmgl c{{cb` bcf cddnb{ c f~omn} id kgddn}nf{ u}i{ibilr r~ba cr {andillizgfj8

• Kgr{}gm~{nk r{i}cjn u}i{ibilr0• ]i~{gfj u}i{ibilr0• Kc{c cjj}njc{gif !~rnk gf s~n}w u}i{ibilr'0• Ti{gfj !~rnk gf ocfw {}~r{ rbanonr'0• Dcg} }nri~}bn cllibc{gif u}i{ibilr0• Ogrmnactgi} kn{nb{gif u}i{ibilr&





[i c{{cb` }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr c Rwmgl c{{cb` zi~lk }nlw if coclgbgi~r fikn {c`gfj if {an gknf{g{w id o~l{guln fiknr, {a~r}i~{gfj o~l{guln uc{ar {a}i~ja c rgfjln oclgbgi~r fikn&Aizntn} {an Rwmgl c{{cb` bcf iun}c{n gf kgddn}nf{ zcwr {ic{{cb` {an u}i{ibilr lgr{nk cmitn&

A& C{{cb`r if Gf/Fn{zi}` U}ibnrrgfj

Kc{c cjj}njc{gif i} gf/fn{zi}` u}ibnrrgfj gr tn}w ~rnd~lgf {n}or id }nk~bgfj {an bioo~fgbc{gif itn}anck& Aizntn} {an}n bcf mn kgddn}nf{ {wunr id c{{cb` if gf/fn{zi}`

u}ibnrrgfj8• Biou}iogrn c fikn uawrgbcllw {i cddnb{ cjj}njc{nk

}nr~l{r P3=_0• C{{cb` cjj}njc{i} fiknr ~rgfj kgddn}nf{ c{{cb`r0• Rnfk dclrn gfdi}oc{gif {i cddnb{ {an cjj}njc{gif

}nr~l{r&

G& C{{cb`r if [gon Rwfba}ifgxc{gif U}i{ibilr

[gon rwfba}ifgxc{gif u}i{ibilr u}itgkn c onbacfgro di} rwfba}ifgxgfj {an libcl blib`r id fiknr gf c rnfri} fn{zi}`&[a}nn id {an oir{ u}iogfnf{ u}i{ibilr c}n {an }ndn}nfbn

m}ickbcr{ rwfba}ifgxc{gif !]MR' u}i{ibil, [gogfj/rwfbU}i{ibil di} Rnfri} Fn{zi}`r ![URF' cfk Dliikgfj [gonRwfba}ifgxc{gif U}i{ibil !D[RU'&

Rgfbn oir{ id {an {gon rwfba}ifgxc{gif u}i{ibilr ki fi{bifrgkn} rnb~}g{w, cf c{{cb`n} bcf uawrgbcllw bcu{~}n cd}cb{gif id {an fiknr cfk gfhnb{gfj {ano zg{a dc~l{w {gonrwfba}ifgxc{gif onrrcjn ~ukc{nr ncrglw& [agr ntnf{ bcfoc`n {an fiknr gf {an nf{g}n fn{zi}` i~{/id/rwfb zg{a ncbai{an}&

H& ]nulgbc{gif C{{cb`r

[an}n c}n {zi zcwr {i lc~fba }nulgbc{gif c{{cb`r gfZRFr& Dg}r{, cf c{{cb`n} bcf nctnrk}iu if bioo~fgbc{gifrcfk }nrnfk ilk ucb`n{r cjcgf o~l{guln {gonr gf i}kn} {i zcr{ng{r fngjami}gfj rnfri} fiknr‗ nfn}jw& [anf, cf c{{cb`n} bcfgfrn}{ ckkg{gifcl }nulgbc{nk air{gln rnfri} fiknr gf{i {anZRF cd{n} im{cgfgfj rion rnb}n{ gfdi}oc{gif d}io bcu{~}nkrnfri} fiknr i} {a}i~ja gfdgl{}c{gif&

GGG& ZRF RNB^]G[W [A]NC[R BI^F[N]ONCR^]N

RBANONR

C& Rnb~}gfj {an Bifdgknf{gclg{w id ZRF Kc{c [}cfrogrrgif

Rntn}cl {wunr id bi~f{n}oncr~}nr nqgr{ di} }nk~bgfj {an}gr` id nctnrk}iuugfj if zg}nlnrr {}cfrogrrgifr& [an dg}r{

gftiltnr on{aikr di} oc`gfj g{ oi}n kgddgb~l{ {i libc{n cfkgf{n}bnu{ {an zg}nlnrr rgjfclr& [an rnbifk gftiltnr {an ~rn id nfb}wu{gif {i u}nrn}tn bifdgknf{gclg{w ntnf gd {an zg}nlnrrrgjfcl gr gf{n}bnu{nk& [an }nr{ c}n c{{cb` runbgdgbbi~f{n}oncr~}nr&

3' Rgjfcl Agkgfj [nbafgs~nr8 Gf i}kn} {i gf{n}bnu{

zg}nlnrr {}cfrogrrgifr, c{{cb`n}r dg}r{ fnnk {i gknf{gdw cfk

libc{n zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`r& [an}n c}n, aizntn}, c f~omn} id

r{nur {ac{ i}jcfgxc{gifr bcf {c`n {i oc`n g{ oi}n kgddgb~l{ {i

libc{n {ang} zg}nlnrr cbbnrr uigf{r& [an ncrgnr{ cfk lncr{

bir{lw gfbl~kn {an dillizgfj8 [~}fgfj idd {an rn}tgbn rn{

gknf{gdgn} !RRGK' m}ickbcr{gfj mw zg}nlnrr cbbnrr uigf{r,

Crrgjf b}wu{gb fconr {i RRGKr, ]nk~bgfj rgjfcl r{}nfj{a {i

{an liznr{ lntnl {ac{ r{gll u}itgknr }ns~grg{n bitn}cjn i}

Libc{gfj zg}nlnrr cbbnrr uigf{r gf {an gf{n}gi} id {an

m~glkgfj, czcw d}io zgfkizr cfk nq{n}gi} zcllr& Oi}nnddnb{gtn, m~{ clri oi}n bir{lw on{aikr di} }nk~bgfj i}

agkgfj rgjfclr gfbl~kn8 ^rgfj kg}nb{gifcl cf{nffcr {i

bifr{}cgf rgjfcl nocfc{gifr zg{agf knrg}nk c}ncr id bitn}cjn

i} ^rgfj id rgjfcl nocfc{gif/ragnlkgfj {nbafgs~nr,

rion{gonr }ndn}}nk {i cr [NOUNR[, 3 {i mlib` nocfc{gif

id zg}nlnrr rgjfclr&

=' [an ^rn id Nfb}wu{gif8 [an mnr{ on{aik di}

u}i{nb{gfj {an bifdgknf{gclg{w id gfdi}oc{gif {}cfrog{{nk

itn} zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`r gr {i nfb}wu{ i} rb}comln cll zg}nlnrr

{}cddgb cfk bioo~fgbc{gifr itn} {an fn{zi}`& [agr gr

nrunbgcllw goui}{cf{ di} i}jcfgxc{gifr r~mhnb{ {i }nj~lc{gifr&

[zi {wunr id bi~f{n}oncr~}nr bcf rgjfgdgbcf{lw }nk~bn

{an }gr` id r~ba c{{cb`r8 r{}ifj nfb}wu{gif cfk r{}ifjc~{anf{gbc{gif id mi{a kntgbnr cfk ~rn}r&

2' Bi~f{n}oncr~}nr cjcgfr{ Knfgcl id Rn}tgbn C{{cb`r8

Zg}nlnrr bioo~fgbc{gifr c}n clri t~lfn}cmln {i knfgcl/id/

rn}tgbn !KiR' c{{cb`r& I}jcfgxc{gifr bcf {c`n rntn}cl r{nur

{i }nk~bn {an }gr` id r~ba ~fgf{nf{gifcl KiR c{{cb`r& Bc}nd~l

rg{n r~}tnwr bcf gknf{gdw libc{gifr zan}n rgjfclr d}io i{an}

kntgbnr nqgr{0 {an }nr~l{r id r~ba r~}tnwr rai~lk mn ~rnk

zanf knbgkgfj zan}n {i libc{n zg}nlnrr cbbnrr uigf{r&

]nj~lc} un}gikgb c~kg{r id zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`gfj cb{gtg{w cfk

un}di}ocfbn bcf gknf{gdw u}imlno c}ncr0 cuu}iu}gc{n

}nonkgcl cb{gifr ocw gfbl~kn }noitcl id {an iddnfkgfj

kntgbnr i} oncr~}nr {i gfb}ncrn rgjfcl r{}nfj{a cfk bitn}cjn

zg{agf {an u}imlno c}nc& [an r~ooc}w id bi~f{n}oncr~}nr

di} kgddn}nf{ KiR c{{cb`r c}n knugb{nk gf [cmln 3&

[CMLN G& ZRF LCWN]R CFK KIR KNDNFRNR

Rnfri} fn{zi}` lcwn}r cfk knfgcl/id/rn}tgbnr kndnfrn

Fn{zi}` lcwn}

C{{cb`r Kndnfrnr

Uawrgbcl Hcoogfj

[coun}gfj

Ru}nck/runb{}~o, u}gi}g{w

onrrcjn, lizn} K~{w

bwbln,}njgif ocuugfj,

oikn bacfjn[coun}/u}iidgfj,

agkgfj

Lgf` Billgrgif

Nqac~r{gif

^fdcg}fnrr

N}}i}/bi}}nb{gif

bikn

]c{n lgog{c{gif

Rocll d}conr

Fn{zi}` cfk]i~{gfj

Fnjlnb{ cfkj}nnk

Aiogfj

Ogrkg}nb{gif

]nk~fkcfbw, u}imgfj

Nfb}wu{gif

Nj}nrr dgl{n}gfj,

c~{anf{gbc{gif,

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ 3>;




Mlcb` Ailnr oifg{i}gfj

C~{ai}gxc{gif,

oifg{i}gfj,

}nk~fkcfbw[}cfrui}{ Dliikgfj

Kn/

rwfba}ifgxc{gif

Blgnf{ u~xxlnr

C~{anf{gbc{gif

;' Bi~f{n}oncr~}nr cjcgfr{ Rid{zc}n C{{cb`r8 [an

dillizgfj bi~f{n}oncr~}n bcf mn bifrgkn}nk {i rnb~}n {an

ZRF rid{zc}n cfk mn u}i{nb{nk d}io mngfj nqulig{nk mw

oclgbgi~r ~rn}r8

• Rid{zc}n c~{anf{gbc{gif cfk tclgkc{gif, n&j&, }noi{n

rid{zc}n/mcrnk c{{nr{c{gif di} rnfri} fn{zi}`r0

• Kndgfgfj cbb~}c{n {}~r{ mi~fkc}gnr di} kgddn}nf{

biouifnf{r cfk ~rn}r0

• ^rgfj c }nr{}gb{nk nftg}ifonf{ r~ba cr {an HctcTg}{~cl Ocbagfn0

• Kwfcogb }~f/{gon nfb}wu{gif)knb}wu{gif di}

rid{zc}n& [agr gr rgoglc} {i nfb}wu{gif)knb}wu{gif id

kc{c nqbnu{ {ac{ {an bikn }~ffgfj if {an kntgbn gr

nfb}wu{nk& [agr bcf u}ntnf{r c oclgbgi~r ~rn} d}io

nqulig{gfj {an rid{zc}n0

• Ac}kzc}n c{{nr{c{gif& [an {}~r{nk biou~{gfj j}i~u

ulc{di}o cfk fnq{ jnfn}c{gif rnb~}n biou~{gfj mcrn

u}itgkn {agr {wun id c{{nr{c{gif& C rgoglc} oiknl

bi~lk mn ~rnk gf rnfri} fn{zi}`r&

>' Bi~f{n}oncr~}nr cjcgfr{ Rwmgl C{{cb`r8 U}iuirnk

ril~{gifr {i {an Rwmgl c{{cb` gfbl~kn {an dillizgfj8

• }ckgi }nri~}bn {nr{gfj zagba }nlgnr if {an crr~ou{gif

{ac{ ncba uawrgbcl kntgbn acr iflw ifn }ckgi0

• }cfkio `nw u}n/kgr{}gm~{gif zagba crribgc{nr {an

gknf{g{w id ncba fikn {i {an `nwr crrgjfnk {i g{ cfk

tclgkc{nr {an `nwr {i nr{cmlgra zan{an} {an fikn gr

}ncllw zai g{ blcgor {i mn0

• }njgr{}c{gif id {an fikn gknf{g{gnr c{ c bnf{}cl mcrn

r{c{gif0 cfk

• Uirg{gif tn}gdgbc{gif zagba oc`nr {an crr~ou{gif

{ac{ {an ZRF {iuilijw gr r{c{gb&

M& Rnb~}gfj {an ZRF Cbbnrr Uigf{

Gfrnb~}n, uii}lw bifdgj~}nk zg}nlnrr cbbnrr uigf{r bcf

biou}iogrn bifdgknf{gclg{w mw cllizgfj ~fc~{ai}gxnk cbbnrr{i {an fn{zi}`& I}jcfgxc{gifr bcf }nk~bn {an }gr` id ~fc~{ai}gxnk cbbnrr {i zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`r mw {c`gfj {anrn{a}nn r{nur8

3& Nlgogfc{gfj }ij~n cbbnrr uigf{r& [an mnr{ on{aik di} knclgfj zg{a {an {a}nc{ id }ij~n cbbnrr uigf{r gr {i~rn 15=&3q if {an zg}nk fn{zi}` {i c~{anf{gbc{n cllkntgbnr {ac{ c}n ul~jjnk gf{i {an fn{zi}`& ^rgfj15=&3q zgll u}ntnf{ cfw ~fc~{ai}gxnk kntgbnr d}iobiffnb{gfj {i {an fn{zi}`0

=& U}iun}lw bifdgj~}gfj cll c~{ai}gxnk cbbnrr uigf{r&I}jcfgxc{gifr clri fnnk {i nfr~}n {ac{ cll c~{ai}gxnkzg}nlnrr cbbnrr uigf{r c}n rnb~}nlw bifdgj~}nk& G{ gr

nrunbgcllw goui}{cf{ {i bacfjn cll kndc~l{ rn{{gfjr mnbc~rn {anw c}n znll `fizf cfk bcf mn nqulig{nk mwc{{cb`n}r0 cfk

2& ^rgfj 15=&3q {i c~{anf{gbc{n cll kntgbnr& R{}ifjc~{anf{gbc{gif id cll kntgbnr c{{nou{gfj {i biffnb{ {i{an fn{zi}` bcf u}ntnf{ }ij~n cbbnrr uigf{r cfki{an} ~fc~{ai}gxnk kntgbnr d}io mnbiogfj gfrnb~}n

mcb`kii}r& [an 15=&3q u}i{ibil kgrb~rrnk nc}lgn} u}itgknr c oncfr di} r{}ifjlw c~{anf{gbc{gfj kntgbnr u}gi} {i crrgjfgfj {ano GU ckk}nrrnr&

B& I{an} Bi~f{n}oncr~}nr

[an dillizgfj c}n rntn}cl {gur di} bi~f{n}gfj c{{cb`r cfknfr~}gfj rnb~}g{w di} ZRFr8

• ^rn cf{g/tg}~r cfk cf{g/ruwzc}n rid{zc}n, cfk cdg}nzcll& Biou~{n}r if c zg}nlnrr fn{zi}` fnnk {anrcon u}i{nb{gifr cr cfw biou~{n} biffnb{nk {i {anGf{n}fn{& Gfr{cll cf{g/tg}~r cfk cf{g/ruwzc}n rid{zc}n,cfk `nnu {ano ~u/{i/kc{n& Gd wi~} dg}nzcll zcrraguunk gf {an “idd‟ oikn, {~}f g{ if0

• [~}f idd gknf{gdgn} m}ickbcr{gfj& Oir{ zg}nlnrr}i~{n}r actn c onbacfgro bcllnk gknf{gdgn}

m}ickbcr{gfj& G{ rnfkr i~{ c rgjfcl {i cfw kntgbn gf{an tgbgfg{w cffi~fbgfj g{r u}nrnfbn& Wi~ kif‗{ fnnk{i m}ickbcr{ {agr gfdi}oc{gif gd {an un}rif ~rgfj {anfn{zi}` cl}nckw `fizr g{ gr {an}n& Acb`n}r bcf ~rngknf{gdgn} m}ickbcr{gfj {i aion gf if t~lfn}cmlnzg}nlnrr fn{zi}`r& Kgrcmln {an gknf{gdgn} m}ickbcr{gfjonbacfgro gd wi~} zg}nlnrr }i~{n} cllizr g{0

• Bacfjn {an gknf{gdgn} if wi~} }i~{n} d}io {an kndc~l{&[an gknf{gdgn} di} wi~} }i~{n} gr lg`nlw {i mn cr{cfkc}k, kndc~l{ GK crrgjfnk mw {an ocf~dcb{~}n} {icll ac}kzc}n id {ac{ oiknl& Ntnf gd wi~} }i~{n} gr fi{

m}ickbcr{gfj g{r gknf{gdgn} {i {an zi}lk, acb`n}r `fiz{an kndc~l{ GKr cfk bcf ~rn {ano {i {}w {i cbbnrr wi~} fn{zi}`& Bacfjn wi~} gknf{gdgn} {i rion{agfj iflwwi~ `fiz, cfk }nonomn} {i bifdgj~}n {an rcon~fgs~n GK gf{i wi~} zg}nlnrr }i~{n} cfk wi~} biou~{n} ri {anw bcf bioo~fgbc{n& ^rn c ucrrzi}k{ac{‗r c{ lncr{ 35 bac}cb{n}r lifj8 [an lifjn} wi~}

ucrrzi}k, {an ac}kn} g{ gr di} acb`n}r {i m}nc`0• Bacfjn wi~} }i~{n}‗r u}n/rn{ ucrrzi}k di}

ckogfgr{}c{gif& [an ocf~dcb{~}n} id wi~} zg}nlnrr}i~{n} u}imcmlw crrgjfnk g{ c r{cfkc}k kndc~l{

ucrrzi}k {ac{ cllizr wi~ {i rn{ ~u cfk iun}c{n {an}i~{n}& Acb`n}r `fiz {anrn kndc~l{ ucrrzi}kr, ribacfjn g{ {i rion{agfj iflw wi~ `fiz& [an lifjn} {an ucrrzi}k, {an {i~jan} g{ gr {i b}cb`0

• Clliz iflw runbgdgb biou~{n}r {i cbbnrr wi~} zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`& Ntn}w biou~{n} {ac{ gr cmln {ibioo~fgbc{n zg{a c fn{zi}` gr crrgjfnk g{r izf~fgs~n Onkgc Cbbnrr Bif{}il !OCB' ckk}nrr&Zg}nlnrr }i~{n}r ~r~cllw actn c onbacfgro {i clliziflw kntgbnr zg{a uc}{gb~lc} OCB ckk}nrrnr cbbnrr{i {an fn{zi}`& Rion acb`n}r actn ogogb`nk OCBckk}nrrnr, ri kif‗{ }nlw if {agr r{nu clifn0

• [~}f idd wi~} zg}nlnrr fn{zi}` zanf wi~ `fiz wi~zif‗{ ~rn g{& Acb`n}r bcffi{ cbbnrr c zg}nlnrr }i~{n} zanf g{ gr ra~{ kizf& Gd wi~ {~}f {an }i~{n} idd zanf

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ 3>>




wi~‗}n fi{ ~rgfj g{, wi~ lgog{ {an coi~f{ id {gon {ac{g{ gr r~rbnu{gmln {i c acb`0

• Kif‗{ crr~on {ac{ u~mlgb “ai{ rui{r‟ c}n rnb~}n&Ocfw bcdçr, ai{nlr, cg}ui}{r, cfk i{an} u~mlgbnr{cmlgraonf{r iddn} zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`r di} {ang} b~r{ion}r‗ ~rn&

[an cmitn onf{gifnk bi~f{n}oncr~}n {gur c}n cuulgbcmln{i zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`r, wn{, rion id {ano ocw cuulw {i ZRFrkg}nb{lw&

GT& BIFBL^RGIF

ZRFr uiu~lc}g{w gr k~n gf uc}{ {i {ang} rocll rgxn cfkliz bir{ id rnfri}r, {ang} iun}c{gifr cfk {ang} fn{zi}`gfj

mnactgi}, nfcmlgfj {ano {i u}itgkn rgjfgdgbcf{ cktcf{cjnr di} ocfw cuulgbc{gifr {ac{ zi~lk fi{ actn mnnf uirrgmln gf {an

ucr{& [anw bcf u}itgkn c f~on}i~r iuui}{~fg{gnr {i gfb}ncrn u}ik~b{gtg{w cfk ogfgogxn bir{r&

Gf {agr ucun} zn actn gknf{gdgnk cfk knrb}gmnk {ankgddn}nf{ t~lfn}cmglg{gnr, {a}nc{r cfk c{{cb`r {ac{ bi~lk uirrgmlw u~{ ZRFr gf c tg{cl i} b}g{gbcl rg{~c{gif& [anrn{a}nc{r c}n cfclwxnk cfk bc{nji}gxnk {i dgfk cfk blcrrgdw {anbi~f{n}oncr~}n rbanonr cuulgbcmln {i og{gjc{n {an }gr`r di} ncba bc{nji}w& C }ncrifcmln cfk u}cb{gbcl lntnl id rnb~}g{w gr

uirrgmlw cbagntnk mw ckiu{gfj c rwr{noc{gb cuu}icba {icrrnrrgfj cfk ocfcjgfj }gr` }njc}klnrr id cll {an {a}nc{r cfkc{{cb`r&

C }nj~lc} r{~kw if {an non}jgfj {a}nc{r rai~lk mnbifrgkn}nk {i nfr~}n {an rnb~}g{w {i mn ocgf{cgfnk c{ cknrg}nk lntnl& Ocfw }nrnc}ba bacllnfjnr o~r{ mn ckk}nrrnk gfi}kn} di} ZRFr {i mn }nclgr{gbcllw goulnonf{nk cfk di} {ano{i mnbion uc}{ id ntn}wkcw lgdn&

] NDN]NFBNR

P3_ [& ]iir{c, R& Ragna, R& Rcr{}w8 [cqifiow id Rnb~}g{w C{{cb`r gfRnfri} Fn{zi}`r, 3r{ GNNN Gf{& Bifdn}nfbn if Rwr{no Gf{nj}c{gifcfk ]nlgcmglg{w Gou}itnonf{r =554, Acfig !=554' uu& 32‒3>&

P=_ C& Un}}gj, H& Fnzrion, N& Rag, K& Rifj8 [an Rwmgl C{{cb` gf Rnfri} Fn{zi}`r8 Cfclwrgr cfk Kndnfbnr, 2}k Gf{& Rwouirg~o ifGfdi}oc{gif U}ibnrrgfj gf Rnfri} Fn{zi}`r =55; !CBO U}nrr, FnzWi}`, RC =55;' uu& =>7‒=41&

P2_ H& Knfj, ]& Acf, R& Ogra}c8 Bi~f{n}oncr~}nr Cjcgfr{ [}cddgbCfclwrgr C{{cb`r gf Zg}nlnrr Rnfri} Fn{zi}`r, Dg}r{ GNNN)Bn}c{n Fn{Bifdn}nfbn if Rnb~}g{w cfk U}gtcbw gf Bioo~fgbc{gif Fn{zi}`r!Rnb~}nBioo' =55>, C{anfr !=55>' uu& 332‒3=;&

P;_ @& Jcfkil, B& Oi~}{nl, D& Ilgtgn}, “Nlnb{}iocjfn{gb Cfclwrgr8Bifb}n{n ]nr~l{r‟, U~mlgrank gf BY &@& @iYb, K& Fcbbcban, cfk B&Ucc}, Nkr&, B}wu{ij}cuagb Ac}kzc}n cfk Nomnkknk Rwr{nor p BANR=553, til& =34= id Lnb{~}n Fi{nr gf Biou~{n} Rbgnfbn, uu& =>3p=43,Ru}gfjn}/Tn}lcj, =553&

P>_ “Uizn} Cfclwrgr‟, a{{u8))nf&zg`gunkgc&i}j)zg`g)Uizn}Ycfclwrgr,Cbbnrrnk8 Knbnomn}, =533&

P4_ “Zg}nlnrr Rnfri} Fn{zi}`r‟, a{{u8))nf&zg`gunkgc&i}j)zg`g)Zg}nlnrrYrnfri}Yfn{zi}`, Cbbnrrnk8 Knbnomn} =533&

P:_ H&F& Cl/@c}c`g, C&N& @cocl8 ]i~{gfj {nbafgs~nr gf zg}nlnrr rnfri} fn{zi}`r8 C r~}tnw, GNNN Zg}nl& Bioo~f& 33!4', 4‒=1 !=55;'&

P1_ D& Wn, A& L~i, H& Banfj, R& L~, L& Xacfj8 C [zi/[gn} Kc{cKgrrnogfc{gif Oiknl di} Lc}jn/Rbcln Zg}nlnrr Rnfri} Fn{zi}`r,CBO)GNNN OIMGBIO =55= !=55=' uu& 3;1‒3>7&

P7_ [& ]iir{c, R& Ragna, R& Rcr{}w8 [cqifiow id Rnb~}g{w C{{cb`r gfRnfri} Fn{zi}`r, 3r{ GNNN Gf{& Bifdn}nfbn if Rwr{no Gf{nj}c{gifcfk ]nlgcmglg{w Gou}itnonf{r =554, Acfig !=554' uu& 32‒3>&

P35_ W&/B& A~, C& Un}}gj, K&M& Hiafrif8 Ck}gcfn8 C Rnb~}n If/Knocfk]i~{gfj U}i{ibil di} Ck Aib Fn{zi}`r, Cff~cl CBO Gf{&Bifdn}nfbn if Oimgln Biou~{gfj cfk Fn{zi}`gfj !OimgBio' =55=!=55='&

P33_ “Knfgcl/id/Rn}tgbn C{{cb`‟, a{{u8))nf&zg`gunkgc&i}j)zg`g)Knfgcl/id/rn}tgbnYc{{cb`, Cbbnrrnk8 Knbnomn}, =533&

P3=_ @& @gdcwc{, O& On}cm{g, S& Rag, K& Llnznllwf/Hifnr8 J}i~u/mcrnkrnb~}n bioo~fgbc{gif di} lc}jn rbcln zg}nlnrr rnfri} fn{zi}`r, H&Gfdi}oc{gif Crr~}cfbn Rnb~}g{w& =!=', 327‒3;: !=55:'&







GRMF8 7:1/13/7=5>:>/:/4 88 kig8 35& :;522)GRMFY5:41

CBO "8 kmn}&gon}c&35& :;522

C ]im~r{ Knrgjf id ][^ Rnfri} Fiknr Bioo~fgbc{gif di} RBCKC Rwr{nor

Rcmca Oiacoonk

Knuc}{onf{ id Biou~{n} Rbgnfbn,

Lc`nanck fgtn}rg{w,

BCFCKC

]iffgn K& Bcw{glnr

Knuc}{onf{ id O~l{gonkgc

Nfjgfnn}gfj, Acffco fgtn}rg{w

Kcnhnif, @i}nc

[cg/aiif @go

JTRC cfk ^fgtn}rg{w id [crocfgc

C~r{}clgc

Cmr{}cb{‛ RBCKC Bioo~fgbc{gif ulcwr c tg{cl }iln di}

R~un}tgri}w Bif{}il cfk Kc{c Cbs~grg{gif !RBCKC'

Oifg{i}gfj Rwr{nor& [an nc}lw RBCKC bioo~fgbc{gif {ii`

ulcbn itn} }ckgi, oikno, i} knkgbc{nk rn}gcl lgfnr& [ikcw, g{ gr

o~ba oi}n biooif di} RBCKC bioo~fgbc{gifr {i {}ctnl

itn} LCF i} ZLCF& [agr u}ibnrr id bioo~fgbc{gif itn} c

RBCKC rwr{no gftiltnr rntn}cl kgddn}nf{ RBCKC rwr{no

biouifnf{r {ac{ gfbl~kn {an rnfri}r cfk bif{}il }nlcwr,

]noi{n [n}ogfcl ^fg{r !][^r', RBCKC ocr{n} ~fg{r, cfk {an

itn}cll bioo~fgbc{gif fn{zi}`& Cktcfbnk ][^r zan}n oir{

RBCKC bioo~fgbc{gif gr jc{an}nk zg{agf {an rwr{no, c}n

knuliwnk di} c oi}n biouln{n oifg{i}gfj& [an kgddn}nf{ tcl~nr

d}io gfu~{r cfk i~{u~{r, }ndn}}nk {i cr RBCKC uigf{r, c}n

rnf{ d}io gfkgtgk~cl rnfri}r {i {an ][^ zagba gr }nruifrgmln

di} di}zc}kgfj {anrn RBCKC bioo~fgbc{gifr {i {an ocr{n}

r{c{gif, i} A~ocf/Ocbagfn Gf{n}dcbn !AOG'& [agr ucun}

u}iuirnr cf ]D‒JRO Nfcmlnk RBCKC ][^ Bioo~fgbc{gif

di} Rnfri} Fiknr {ac{ ~{glgxnr {an ctcglcmln bioo~fgbc{gif

fn{zi}`r r~ba cr bnll~lc} uaifn fn{zi}` cfk }ckgi d}ns~nfbw

di} nqbacfjgfj kc{c {i ogfgogxn bir{ cfk a~ocf nddi}{& [an

cuu}icba oc`nr ~rn id {an JRO fn{zi}`, c b~r{io ]D

ril~{gif, c liz/bir{ ogb}ibif{}illn}, cfk rid{zc}n nomnkknk {iogb}ibif{}illn}r gr kntnliunk {i }~f {an itn}cll u}ibnrr&

@nwzi}kr/ ]D, JRO, ][^, RBCKC rwr{nor, Rnfri} Fiknr G& GF[]IK^B[GIF

[an {}ckg{gifcl R~un}tgri}w Bif{}il cfk Kc{c Cbs~grg{gif!RBCKC' bioo~fgbc{gif ~rnk {an biomgfc{gif id }ckgi cfkkg}nb{ rn}gcl i} oikno biffnb{gifr& [ikcw, g{ gr o~ba oi}nbiooif di} RBCKC bioo~fgbc{gifr {i {}ctnl itn} LCF i}ZLCF& [agr u}ibnrr id bioo~fgbc{gif itn} c RBCKCrwr{no gftiltnr rntn}cl kgddn}nf{ RBCKC rwr{nobiouifnf{r {ac{ gfbl~kn {an rnfri}r cfk bif{}il }nlcwr,]noi{n [n}ogfcl ^fg{r !][^r', RBCKC ocr{n} ~fg{r, cfk

{an itn}cll bioo~fgbc{gif fn{zi}`& Cktcfbnk ][^r zan}noir{ RBCKC bioo~fgbc{gif gr jc{an}nk zg{agf {an rwr{no,c}n knuliwnk di} c oi}n biouln{n oifg{i}gfj& [an kgddn}nf{tcl~nr d}io gfu~{r cfk i~{u~{r, }ndn}}nk {i cr RBCKCuigf{r, c}n rnf{ d}io gfkgtgk~cl rnfri}r {i {an ][^ zagba gr}nruifrgmln di} di}zc}kgfj {anrn RBCKC bioo~fgbc{gifr {i{an ocr{n} r{c{gif, i} A~ocf/Ocbagfn Gf{n}dcbn !AOG'&

RBCKC bioo~fgbc{gifr ibb~} mn{znnf Ocr{n} R{c{gifcfk {an ][^r, cfk mn{znnf {an ][^r cfk {an }noi{nlwknuliwnk rnfri} fiknr& Cr RBCKC bioo~fgbc{gifrmn{znnf {an Ocr{n} r{c{gif cfk {an ][^r fizckcwr ~{glgxnr{an LCF, ZLCF, cfk {an Gf{n}fn{, {an lgf` mn{znnf rnfri}fiknr cfk ][^r bcffi{ gfbi}ui}c{n {anrn {nbafilijgnr&

Rnfri} fiknr bif{cgf RBCKC bioo~fgbc{gif kc{c {ac{ c}nrnfrg{gtn cfk fnnkr {i mn rnb~}nlw {}cfrog{{nk {i ][^r& [an~{glgxc{gif id LCF di} rnfri} fiknr bcf mn nqunfrgtn {igfr{cll c{ }noi{n rg{nr, cfk g{ ocw fi{ mn dncrgmln di} cfi}jcfgxc{gif {i goonkgc{nlw gfbi}ui}c{n cll id {ang} }noi{nrg{nr gf{i {an LCF fn{zi}`&

[agr ucun} gr bifbn}fnk zg{a {an u}i{i{wun knrgjf cfkkntnliuonf{ id c bioo~fgbc{gif rbanon {ac{ zi~lk u}itgkn}noi{n cbbnrr {i {an rnfri} fiknr, {a}i~ja {an biomgfc{gifid ]ckgi D}ns~nfbw cfk Jlimcl Rwr{no di} Oimglnbioo~fgbc{gifr fn{zi}`& [agr u}iuirnk bioo~fgbc{gifrbanon gf{}ik~bnr {an {zi kgddn}nf{ zg}nlnrr bioo~fgbc{gif{nbafilijgnr {i clliz kc{c bioo~fgbc{n mn{znnf {an rnfri}fiknr cfk ][^r id RBCKC rwr{nor& ^fkn}r{cfkgfj {an

bac}cb{n}gr{gbr, u}iun}{gnr, cfk mnactgi} id JRO, ]D cfkkgddn}nf{ ac}kzc}n biouifnf{r c}n tg{cl {i {agr bifbnu{& [anzg}nlnrr u}ibnrrnr zgll mn bif{}illnk tgc c liz/bir{ogb}ibif{}illn}& [an JRO cfk ]D bioo~fgbc{gif onkgc c}nd~llw ~{glgxnk mw gf{}ik~bgfj fnz fn{zi}` u}i{ibilr&

[an }nr{ id {agr ucun} c}n i}jcfgxnk cr dillizr8 Rnb{gif GGkgrb~rr cmi~{ ][^ gf RBCKC rwr{nor0 {an u}iuirnkrbanon di} bioo~fgbc{gif coifj rnfri} fiknr id ][^ gri~{lgfnk gf Rnb{gif GGG0 cfk {an bifbl~kgfj }noc}`r gfRnb{gif GT&

GG& ][^ GF RBCKC RWR[NOR

C }noi{n {n}ogfcl ~fg{ !][^' gr c ogb}iu}ibnrri}/bif{}illnk nlnb{}ifgb kntgbn {ac{ gf{n}dcbnr imhnb{r gf {an

uawrgbcl zi}lk {i c kgr{}gm~{nk bif{}il rwr{no i} RBCKC!r~un}tgri}w bif{}il cfk kc{c cbs~grg{gif rwr{no' mw{}cfrog{{gfj {nlnon{}w kc{c {i {an rwr{no cfk)i} cl{n}gfj {anr{c{n id biffnb{nk imhnb{r mcrnk if bif{}il onrrcjnr}nbngtnk d}io {an rwr{no& Cfi{an} {n}o {ac{ ocw mn ~rnk di}][^ gr }noi{n {nlnon{}w ~fg{0 {an biooif ~rcjn {n}o tc}gnrzg{a {an cuulgbc{gif c}nc jnfn}cllw P7_&

][^r, GNKr, ULBr cfk KBR c}n gfb}ncrgfjlw mnjgffgfj{i itn}lcu gf }nruifrgmglg{gnr, cfk ocfw tnfki}r rnll ][^rzg{a ULB/lg`n dnc{~}nr cfk tgbn tn}rc& [an gfk~r{}w acrr{cfkc}kgxnk if {an GNB 43323/2 d~fb{gifcl mlib` lcfj~cjndi} b}nc{gfj u}ij}cor {i }~f if ][^r cfk ULBr, cl{ai~ja

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ 3>:




fnc}lw cll tnfki}r clri iddn} u}iu}gn{c}w cl{n}fc{gtnr cfkcrribgc{nk kntnliuonf{ nftg}ifonf{r&

GGG& ]D CFK JRO NFCMLNK RNFRI] FIKNR

BIOO^FGBC[GIF

[agr rnb{gif i~{lgfnr {an u}iuirnk rbanon di}nr{cmlgragfj c lgf` mn{znnf {an }noi{nlw knuliwnk rnfri}fiknr gf jnij}cuagbcl c}nc cfk {an ][^r& [anbioo~fgbc{gif lgf` ~{glgxnr {an f~on}i~r bcucmglg{gnr id {an]ckgi D}ns~nfbw !]D' cfk Jlimcl Rwr{no di} OimglnBioo~fgbc{gifr !JRO' {i u}itgkn di} kc{c {}cfrogrrgif di}RBCKC rwr{nor& Dgj& 3 gll~r{}c{nr {an bifbnu{ di} {an ocgfr{}~b{~}n id {an bioo~fgbc{gif lgf`&

Dgj~}n 3& ]D/JRO Nfcmlnk Bioo~fgbc{gif Lgf` R{}~b{~}n di} Rnfri}

Fiknr cfk ][^r&

[an bioo~fgbc{gif lgf` r{}~b{~}n gr biouirgfj id {a}nnbiouifnf{r {ac{ gfbl~kn8

• Rnfri} Fiknr• Oimgln Fn{zi}` Bif{}illn} !FB'

• Bnf{}cl Rn}tn} !BR' di} ][^r[an Rnfri} Fikn gr bcucmln id un}di}ogfj rion

u}ibnrrgfj, jc{an}gfj rnfri}w gfdi}oc{gif cfkbioo~fgbc{gfj zg{a i{an} biffnb{nk fiknr gf {an fn{zi}`& G{u}ik~bnr c oncr~}cmln }nruifrn {i rnfri}w nftg}ifonf{,u}ibnrrnr kc{c di} c tc}gn{w id cuulgbc{gif, r{i}nr kc{c{noui}c}glw cfk {}cfrui}{r {an kc{c {i {an Bnf{}cl Rn}tn} di}][^r gd fnbnrrc}w {a}i~ja {an Fn{zi}` Bif{}illn}&

[an Oimgln Fn{zi}` Bif{}illn} !FB' rn}tnr cr }i~{n}kntgbn {ac{ gr gfr{cllnk if agja uigf{r lg`n uizn} uilnr& [anu}gfbgucl u~}uirn id FB gr kc{c {}cfrdn} cfk gfdi}oc{gif}i~{gfj mn{znnf Rnfri} Fiknr cfk Bnf{}cl Rn}tn} di} ][^r&

[an Bnf{}cl Rn}tn} !BR' di} ][^r ocfcjnr {anbillnb{gif id kc{c d}io fn{zi}` kntgbnr& G{ clri {}cfrdn}r {an

kc{c {i {an kc{cmcrn di} r{i}cjn cfk }n{}gntcl&

Dgj~}n =& C oi}n kn{cglnk bifbnu{ di} {an bioo~fgbc{gif lgf` mn{znnf

][^r cfk Rnfri} Fiknr&

D~}{an}oi}n, {i gll~r{}c{n {an kn{cgl bifbnu{, Dgj~}n =raizr aiz {an kc{c {}ctn}rn d}io ncba id {an kntgbnr&

Bifbgrnlw, cf cb{gtn rnfrgfj kntgbn }nbngtnr rgjfclr

u}iui}{gifcl {i {an rnfri}w nftg}ifonf{ }ndn}}nk {i crRBCKC uigf{r& [agr RBCKC uigf{r c}n un}gikgbcllw }nck,cbb~o~lc{nk cfk r{i}nk c{ c liz bir{ m~{ agja/un}di}ocfbnogb}ibif{}illn}& [an ]D {}cfrog{{n} cfk }nbngtn} u}itgkn {anzgfkiz di} {an rnfri} fiknr {i bioo~fgbc{n zg{a FB&Ogb}ibif{}illn}, ]D [q\]q, cfk {an rnfrgfj kntgbn di}o cfikn& [an fikn bcf gfbl~kn oi}n biouifnf{r knunfkgfj if{an ckkg{gifcl d~fb{gifr ckknk {i {an rwr{no& [i nfacfbn {anrwr{no }nlgcmglg{w0 c fif/tilc{gln NNU]IO gr ~rnk {i r{i}n{an on{n} }nckgfj cfk i{an} goui}{cf{ kc{c c{ c fikn i} FB0cfk }nlick {an r{i}nk kc{c c{ r{c}{~u&C{ {an Oimgln Fn{zi}` Bif{}illn}, {an ~{glg{w‗r i}kn}r {i {anrwr{no c}n }nbngtnk cr Rai}{/Onrrcjgfj/Rn}tgbn !ROR'onrrcjnr {a}i~ja c JRO oikno& C ogb}ibif{}illn}

cfclwxnr {an onrrcjn cfk rnfkr {an u}iun} bioocfkr {i cllfiknr gf g{r c}nc i} {i c runbgdgb fikn iflw& Cfw }nckgfjr,cln}{r i} }nui}{r rnf{ mw {an fiknr c}n }nbngtnk gf {an FB,}nracunk {i cf ROR onrrcjn di}o cfk rnf{ cjcgf {i {anbnf{}cl rn}tn} id {an ][^&

C& Ogb}ibif{}illn}

C ogb}ibif{}illn} gr c rocll biou~{n} if c rgfjlngf{nj}c{nk bg}b~g{ bifrgr{gfj id c }nlc{gtnlw rgouln BU^biomgfnk zg{a r~uui}{ d~fb{gifr r~ba cr c b}wr{cl irbgllc{i},{gon}r, zc{bakij {gon}, cfk rn}gcl cfk cfclij G)I n{b&

[an ogb}ibif{}illn} zgll ulcw cr c u}ibnrri} gf c Fikncfk FB, g{ bif{}ilr cfk dcbglg{c{nr {an kc{c {}cfrogrrgifmn{znnf {an fikn cfk fn{zi}` bif{}illn}&

[an}n c}n {zi `gfkr id Ogb}ibif{}illn} ~rn gf {an knrgjf&Rgfbn FB }ns~g}nr oi}n ^RC][ di} gf{n}dcbgfj zg{a JROcfk ]D oik~ln, c ogb}ibif{}illn} zg{a {zi i} oi}n ^RC][gr {an baigbn& Gf {agr bcrn {an liz/bir{ m~{ uizn}d~l C}k~gfiOnjc Kntnliuonf{ Mic}k gr {an iu{gif, g{ rc{grdgnk {an}ns~g}nonf{ di} {an fnnk id oi}n ^RC][& C}k~gfi Onjc grcf iunf/ri~}bn ogb}ibif{}illn} mcrnk gf C[onjc3=15 P35_&[an r~ooc}w id {an uc}con{n}r di} C}k~gfi Onjc gr lgr{nkif [cmln 3&





[CMLN G& R^OOC]W ID [AN C]K^GFI ONJC

Ogb}ibif{}illn} C[onjc 3=15

Iun}c{gfj Til{cjn > T Gfu~{ Til{cjn

!]nbioonfknk'

: ‒ 3= T

Gfu~{ Til{cjn !Lgog{r' 4 ‒ =5 T

Kgjg{cl G)I Ugfr >; !id zagba 3; u}itgkn

UZO i~{u~{'

Cfclij Gfu~{ Ugfr 34

KB B~}}nf{ un} G)I Ugf ;5 oC

KB B~}}nf{ di} 2&2T Ugf >5 oC

Dlcra Onoi}w 3=1 @M !id zagba ;@M

~rnk mw mii{lickn}'

R]CO 1 @M

NNU]IO ; @M

Blib` Ruunk 34 OAx

Rn}gcl ^RC][r ;

[an Fikn }ns~g}nr iflw lnrr f~omn} id ugfr di} gfu~{r cfki~{u~{r, ifn ^RC][ di} gf{n}dcbgfj zg{a ]D oik~ln, cfklnrr onoi}w rgxn ogb}ibif{}illn}& [an C}k~gfi Kgnbgoglc gr{an cuu}iu}gc{n ogb}ibif{}illn} di} {agr kntgbn, C}k~gfiKgnbgoglc gr c ogb}ibif{}illn} mic}k mcrnk if {anC[onjc341, g{ gr clri cf iunf ri~}bn ogb}ibif{}illn} zagba{an u}nknbnrri} id C}k~gfi Onjc& Mnliz gr {an r~ooc}w id {an Kgnbgoglc raizf gf [cmln =&

[CMLN GG& R^OOC]W ID [AN C]K^GFI KGNBGOGLC

Ogb}ibif{}illn} C[onjc 2=1

Iun}c{gfj Til{cjn > T

Gfu~{ Til{cjn

!]nbioonfknk'

: ‒ 3= T

Gfu~{ Til{cjn !Lgog{r' 4 ‒ =5 T

Kgjg{cl G)I Ugfr 3; !id zagba 4 u}itgkn

UZO i~{u~{'

Cfclij Gfu~{ Ugfr 1

KB B~}}nf{ un} G)I Ugf ;5 oC

KB B~}}nf{ di} 2&2T Ugf >5 oC

Dlcra Onoi}w 2= @M !id zagba =@M

~rnk mw mii{lickn}'

R]CO = @MNNU]IO 3 @M

Blib` Ruunk 34 OAx

Rn}gcl ^RC][r 3

M& Jlimcl Rwr{no di} Oimgln Bioo~fgbc{gifr

[an mcrgb gknc gf ~rgfj JRO bioo~fgbc{gifr gf FBr gr{i }nbngtn i}kn} onrrcjnr d}io {an ~{glg{w gf ROR di}o!Bnf{}cl Rn}tn} di} ][^r'& [an Ogb}ibif{}illn} nqnb~{nr {anu}iun} }i~{gfn }nlc{nk {i {an onrrcjn bif{nf{ cfk ucrrnr g{rbioocfkr {i {an Fiknr& ]ntn}rnlw, {an rwr{no rnfkr g{r}nulgnr, zan{an} {anw c}n }nckgfjr, }nui}{r i} cln}{r, {i {an

~{glg{w‗r bnf{}cl rn}tn} cjcgf gf ROR di}o tgc {an JROfn{zi}`& [an Ogb}ibif{}illn} agjalw mnfndg{r d}io {an JROOik~ln dnc{~}n {ac{ g{ cln}{r di} cfw cb{gif zg{agf {an JROfn{zi}`, ri {an Ogb}ibif{}illn} bcf clzcwr oifg{i} zac{ grknlgtn}nk {i {an JRO oik~ln d}io fn{zi}`&

Gf {agr u}iuirnk bioo~fgbc{gif lgf` rbanon, di} {anu}iid id bifbnu{ cf ilk Rifw N}gbrrif [=25 gr ~rnk crcl{n}fc{gtn {i JRO oik~ln0 g{ gr o~ba bancun} cfk ctcglcmln{i {an libcl oc}`n{& Dgj~}n 2 raizr {an mlib` kgcj}co id JRO gf{n}dcbgfj zg{a Ogb}ibif{}illn} gf FB&

Dgj~}n 2& Mlib` Kgcj}co di} JRO gf{n}dcbgfj zg{a {an Ogb}ibif{}illn} gf

c Fn{zi}` Bif{}illn}&

[an iun}c{gfj d~fb{gifr id {an JRO oik~ln !RN/[=25'c}n cbbnrrnk {a}i~ja {an ~rn id C[ bioocfkr0 {anrn C[bioocfkr c}n bifdi}ogfj {i JRO 52&5; r{cfkc}kr& C[bioocfkr c}n ctcglcmln tgc {an rn}gcl gf{n}dcbn id {an [=25di} d~fb{gif goulnonf{c{gif& [an C[ r{cfkc}k gr c lgfn/i}gnf{nk bioocfk lcfj~cjn& Ncba bioocfk gr ockn ~u id {a}nn nlnonf{r8 {an u}ndgq, {an mikw, cfk {an {n}ogfc{gifbac}cb{n}&

• [an u}ndgq bifrgr{r id {an ln{{n}r “C[‟• [an mikw gr ockn ~u id gfkgtgk~cl bac}cb{n}r0 g{

bifrgr{r id c fcon cfk !gd cuulgbcmln' crribgc{nk

tcl~nr• [an kndc~l{ {n}ogfc{gif bac}cb{n} gr “<B]6‟!?

5q5K'i Nqcouln8 C[+BOJ]?-3=-

[agr bioocfk }nckr {an onrrcjn zg{a gfknq 3= r{i}nk gf{an kndc~l{ RGO bc}k ulcbn& Bioocfkr di} {an RN/[=25 bcfmn bc{nji}gxnk gf {zi bc{nji}gnr8

• Rn{~u bioocfkr8 ~rnk {i rn{ {an kgddn}nf{ uc}con{n}rid {an RN/[=25 !n&j& Mc~k }c{n, }nruifrn {wun․'

• Bioo~fgbc{gif Bioocfkr8 ~rnk {i nr{cmlgrabioo~fgbc{gif ~rgfj {an RN/[=25 !n&j& ]nck $Rnfk ROR'

B& ]D Oik~ln

Cf goui}{cf{ jicl id {an knrgjf gr {i oc`n {an rwr{nobir{ nddnb{gtn0 gfr{nck id u~{{gfj JRO oik~ln if ntn}w fikngf {an rwr{no {ac{ zgra {i jn{ }nckgfjr, {an ]D oik~lnr {ilgf` {an FB zg{a {an r~}}i~fkgfj Fiknr& [agr zgll }nk~bnbir{ cfk zgll u}ik~bn c fgbn bacllnfjn {i r{cfk di}&

]D oik~lnr c}n runbgdgnk mw {ang} iun}c{gfj d}ns~nfbw,oik~lc{gif {wun, ocqgo~o kc{c }c{n cfk ocqgo~o kgr{cfbnid iun}c{gif !gf mi{a iunf dgnlkr cfk gf m~glkgfjr'&

Cbbi}kgfj {i {an bioo~fgbc{gif {ani}w, {an cf{nffclnfj{a id {an oik~lnr rai~lk mn cmi~{ 3: bo& Fi runbgclcf{nffcr zan}n ~rnk {i {agr knrgjf mnbc~rn {an {}cfrog{{n}cfk {an }nbngtn} zn}n {ii blirn {i ncba i{an} di} {an knoiu~}uirnr, m~{ gd {anw c}n {ii rucbnk cfk lc}jn} kgr{cfbn {an





bifrgkn}c{gif id ~rgfj {an runbgcl cf{nffc gr agjalw}nbioonfknk&

Di} {an u}iid id bifbnu{ u~}uirnr, c liz/bir{ ;22 OAx]D cfk {an {}cfrog{{n} }cfjn gr cmi~{ 355 on{n}r mn{znnfm~glkgfjr!cb{~cllw cmi~{ :> on{n}r cbb~}cbw'& [an ~rn id riuagr{gbc{nk ]D ril~{gif zagba acr c }cfjn id c}i~fk =`ogr znll r~jjnr{nk gf cb{~cl goulnonf{c{gif&

K& ]nlcw

[an Nlnb{}ifgb m}gb` />T ]nlcw oik~ln ~rnr ALR1L}nlcw oik~ln {i bif{}il agja/til{cjn nlnb{}gbcl kntgbnr!ocqgo~o =>5T'& [agr }nlcw gr bif{}illnk mwogb}ibif{}illn} zg{a ]D {i nfcmln }noi{n biffnb{ cfkkgrbiffnb{gif& Di} knoi u~}uirnr {agr knrgjf zgll ~rn c}nlcw zg{a ocqgo~o =>5T cfk :C&

N& LBK Oik~ln

[an Rn}LBK t=&> gr c rgouln cfk bir{ nddnb{gtn ril~{gif

di} gf{n}dcbgfj {i LBK mcrnk if {an AK;;:15 bif{}illn}&[an Rn}LBK oik~ln {c`nr gfbiogfj 7455 mur [[L lntnlrgjfcl cfk kgrulcwr {airn bac}cb{n}r if {an LBK rb}nnf&

[an bifrgkn}c{gif id baiirgfj Rn}LBK gr {an f~omn} id ugfr fnbnrrc}w {i gf{n}dcbn {i ogb}ibif{}illn}& [an {wugbclLBK ~rnk 33 ugfr {i gf{n}dcbn zg{a ogb}ibif{}illn}, zaglnRn}LBK acr iflw {a}nn zg}nr / >T, JFK, cfk Rgjfcl c}nfnnknk {i gf{n}dcbn {i {an LBK&

[an AK;;:15 ki{/oc{}gq lgs~gk b}wr{cl kgrulcw bif{}illn}cfk k}gtn} LRG kgrulcwr cluacf~on}gb& G{ bcf mn bifdgj~}nk {ik}gtn c ki{/oc{}gq lgs~gk b}wr{cl kgrulcw ~fkn} {an bif{}il id c ;/ i} 1/mg{ ogb}iu}ibnrri}& Rgfbn cll {an d~fb{gifr r~ba crkgrulcw ]CO, bac}cb{n} jnfn}c{i}, cfk lgs~gk b}wr{cl k}gtn},}ns~g}nk di} k}gtgfj c ki{/oc{}gq lgs~gk b}wr{cl kgrulcw c}n

gf{n}fcllw u}itgknk if ifn bagu, c ogfgocl rwr{no bcf mngf{n}dcbnk zg{a {agr bif{}illn})k}gtn}&

D& Bioo~fgbc{gif Lgf` Rid{zc}n)U}ij}co

Cr onf{gifnk cmitn, cf nomnkknk rid{zc}n i} u}ij}cozgll }~f {an itn}cll u}ibnrr gf {an Bnf{}cl Rn}tn} r~barnfkgfj bioocfk cfk }nbngtgfj }nruifrn d}io {an Fn{zi}` Bif{}illn}& [i kntnliu {agr rid{zc}n c runbgdgb u}ij}coogfjlcfj~cjn zgll mn ~rnk bifrgkn}gfj {an biouc{gmglg{w grr~nrdi} {an ][^, ogb}ibif{}illn}, cfk rnfrgfj kntgbnr&

[an Bnf{}cl Rn}tn} di} ][^r gr {an ocgf ac}tnr{gfjbiouifnf{ {ac{ billnb{r kc{c d}io cll FBr !cfk Fiknr' gf {anrwr{no cfk ocfcjnr u}ibnrr bif{}illgfj {ii& [an c~{ioc{gifid {an rwr{no rai~lk ocgflw mn goulnonf{nk gf {an Bnf{}cl

Rn}tn}& G{ rai~lk mn biffnb{nk {i c kc{cmcrn {i r{i}n tc}gi~rkc{c cfk {}cfrcb{gifr d}io kgddn}nf{ fiknr gf {an rwr{no&

GT& BIFBL^RGIF

Gf RBCKC rwr{nor, kc{c bioo~fgbc{gif ulcwr c tg{cl}iln di} oifg{i}gfj cfk bif{}illgfj {an u}ibnrrnr id {an

nf{g}n rwr{nor& [an}n c}n {zi ocgf bioo~fgbc{gif c}ncr di}RBCKC rwr{nor, {ac{ gr, mn{znnf RBCKC Ocr{n} R{c{gifrcfk ][^r0 cfk mn{znnf {an }noi{nlw knuliwnk rnfri} fiknrcfk {an ][^r& Cktcfbnk ][^r zan}n oir{ RBCKCbioo~fgbc{gif gr jc{an}nk zg{agf {an rwr{no, c}n knuliwnkdi} c oi}n biouln{n oifg{i}gfj& [an kgddn}nf{ tcl~nr d}iogfu~{r cfk i~{u~{r, }ndn}}nk {i cr RBCKC uigf{r, c}n rnf{d}io gfkgtgk~cl rnfri}r {i {an ][^ zagba gr }nruifrgmln di}di}zc}kgfj {anrn RBCKC bioo~fgbc{gifr {i {an ocr{n}r{c{gif, i} A~ocf/Ocbagfn Gf{n}dcbn !AOG'&

[agr ucun} actn u}iuirnk cf ]D‒JRO Nfcmlnk RBCKCBioo~fgbc{gif lgf` mn{znnf {an ][^r cfk Rnfri} Fiknr{ac{ ~{glgxnr {an ctcglcmln bioo~fgbc{gif fn{zi}`r r~ba crbnll~lc} uaifn fn{zi}` cfk }ckgi d}ns~nfbw di} nqbacfjgfjkc{c {i ogfgogxn bir{ cfk a~ocf nddi}{& [an cuu}icba oc`nr~rn id {an JRO fn{zi}`, c b~r{io ]D ril~{gif, c liz/bir{ogb}ibif{}illn}, cfk nomnkknk rid{zc}n di} ogb}ibif{}illn}rgr kntnliunk {i }~f {an itn}cll u}ibnrr&

]NDN]NFBNR

P3_ O& Baig, ]& ]imlnr, N& Bai, MH Uc}`, RR @go, JB Uc}`, cfk [A @go,“C U}iuirnk C}bag{nb{~}n di} RBCKC Rwr{no zg{a Oimgln Rnfri}r‟,[an Hi~}fcl id @i}ncf Gfr{g{~{n id Gfdi}oc{gif [nbafilijw, a{{u8))`g/g{&i}&`})ucun})ucun}Y51Y5>)1.NC.M4.1B>.NK.71.M1)C.=5U}iuirnk.=5C}bag{nb{~}n.=5di}.=5RBCKC.=5Rwr{no.=5zg{a.=5Oimgln.=5Rnfri}r&ukd, Cbbnrrnk8 Knbnomn}, =533

P=_ ]& ]imlnr, O& Baig, [A @go, “[an D~fb{gif id RBCKC gf B}g{gbclGfd}cr{}~b{~}n‟, [an Hi~}fcl id @i}ncf Gfr{g{~{n id Gfdi}oc{gif[nbafilijw, =557&

P2_ GRI)GNB =;:25/3 Gfdi}oc{gif {nbafilijw // ]ncl/{gon libc{gfjrwr{nor !][LR' // Uc}{ 38 Cuulgbc{gif u}ij}co gf{n}dcbn !CUG'&

P;_ “Gf{}ik~b{gif {i ULB cfk RBCKC‟, a{{u8)){nrlc/

oi{i}r&biffwm}ii`~r&bio)=533)3=)3>) gf{}ik~b{gifY{iYulbYcfkYrbckc) Cbbnrrnk8 Knbnomn}, =533

P>_ K& Mcglnw cfk N& Z}gja{, -U}cb{gbcl RBCKC di} Gfk~r{}w-, Nlrntgn},=552&

P4_ GRI)GNB 37:4=/> Gfdi}oc{gif {nbafilijw / C~{ioc{gb gknf{gdgbc{gifcfk kc{c bcu{~}n !CGKB' {nbafgs~nr / Ac}oifgxnk tibcm~lc}w / Uc}{>8 Libc{gfj rwr{nor&

P:_ JCI/5;/4=1[& B}g{gbcl gfd}cr{}~b{~}n u}i{nb{gif0 Bacllnfjnr cfknddi}{r {i rnb~}n bif{}il rwr{nor& [nr{goifw Mndi}n {anR~mbioog{{nn if [nbafilijw Gfdi}oc{gif Uilgbw, Gf{n}jitn}fonf{cl]nlc{gifr cfk {an Bnfr~r, Ai~rn Bioog{{nn if Jitn}fonf{ ]ndi}o&Oc}ba 25, =55;& a{{u8))zzz&jci&jit&fnz&g{nor)k5;4=1{&ukd,Cbbnrrnk8 Knbnomn}, =533&

P1_ “Zg}nlnrr Rnfri} Fn{zi}`‟, a{{u8))nf&zg`gunkgc&i}j)zg`g) Zg}nlnrrYrnfri}Yfn{zi}`, Cbbnrrnk8 Knbnomn}, =533&

P7_

“]noi{n [n}ogfcl ^fg{‟, a{{u8))nf&zg`gunkgc&i}j)zg`g) ]noi{nY[n}ogfclY^fg{, Cbbnrrnk8 Knbnomn}, =533&

P35_ “C}k~gfi‟, a{{u8))nf&zg`gunkgc&i}j)zg`g)C}k~gfi, Cbbnrrnk8Knbnomn}, =533&







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U}ib& id {an Gf{l& Bifd& if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr ‒Til~on 3& Biuw}gja{ § =53= [nbafi Di}~o J}i~u, Gfkgc&

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[nln/Iun}c{gtn Iua{acloirbiun

C&F&Fg{awcc

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]chclc`raog Nfjgfnn}gfj Billnjn ]chclc`raog Nfjgfnn}gfj Billnjn[acfkclco,Banffcg,Gfkgc [acfkclco, Banffcg,Gfkgc&

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Cmr{}cb{ / [an rlg{ lcou gr cf gfr{}~onf{ bifrgr{gfj id cagja/gf{nfrg{w id lgja{ ri~}bn {ac{ bcf mn dib~rnk {i ragfn c{agf rann{ id lgja{ gf{i {an nwn& Gf oir{ kntnliugfj cfkocfw c}ncr id kntnliunkbi~f{}gnr, cbbnrr {i s~clg{w nwn bc}n c}n gfckns~c{n zagbalnckr {i mlgfkfnrr& Gf {ikcw‗r oikn}f anc{a {nbafilijw {an

iua{acloilijgr{ fnnkr kgjg{cl uai{ij}cuaw di} blgfgbclnqcogfc{gif cfk di} kgcjfirgfj {~oi~}r gf {an nwn& [anu}gbn id c rlg{ lcou gfb}ncrnr zg{a g{r s~clg{w di} cbb~}c{ngknf{gdgbc{gif id nwn {~oi~}r& [nln/Iun}c{gtnIua{acloirbiun iddn}r j}nc{ aiun {i itn}bion u~mlgbancl{a u}imlno cfk bcf mn ~rnk di} {ncbagfj onkgbclu}idnrrgifclr zg{a liz bir{& ]nrnc}ba cb{gtg{gnr bcf mnbc}}gnk i~{ ~rgfj {agr rwr{no& [agr rwr{no u}itgknr c }ncl{gon tgkni id {an nwn {i {an r{~knf{r zg{ai~{ cfwkgrbiodi}{ cfk gfbiftnfgnfbn {i {an uc{gnf{r& Zagln{ncbagfj {an r{~knf{r {an bifbn}f r{cdd acr {i rctn {angocjnr id {an nwn {i u}itgkn c blnc} gknc cmi~{ {ac{ gocjn&Gf bcrn id kg}nb{ tgr~clgrc{gif {an iua{acloilijgr{ acr {iki {an ckh~r{onf{r di} ncba cfk ntn}w r{~knf{, rgfbn {anuirg{gif id {an tgr~clgxc{gif zgll bacfjn gd {an}n gr cfw

kgr{~}mcfbn& [i }nk~bn {an bacfjnr cfk {i u}itgkn kg}nb{tgr~clgxc{gif, c bi~uln} zg{a bcon}c gr dg{{nk {i {an tgnzgfjrwr{no cfk gr biffnb{nk {i c ub& [an ucun} nftgrcjnrknrgjfgfj cfk {nr{gfj c fnz [nln/Iun}c{gtnIua{acloirbiun, zagba jgtnr {an kg}nb{ tgr~clgxc{gif id {an nwn if c oifg{i} i} if c rb}nnf, ri {ac{ cll {an r{~knf{rbcf tgnz {an gocjn c{ {an rcon {gon gf c blcrr }iio& Di}{an u~}uirn id nqun}gonf{c{gif Znmbco gr ~rnk&

@NW ZI]KR Iua{acloirbiun, [nlnon{}w

G& GF[]IK^B[GIF

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gfkgrunfrcmln {iil di} nwn nqcogfc{gif& P3_Iua{acloilijw gr gkncl di} {nlnonkgbgfn& Oir{ nwnuc{ailijw gr tgrgmln {i gfrunb{gif& Zagln mlgfkfnrr grkntcr{c{gfj, ocfw nwn kgrncrnr kntnliu rlizlw& [a~r, gd {an kgrncrn gr kn{nb{nk nc}lw gf g{r bi~}rn cfk grcuu}iu}gc{nlw {}nc{nk, zn bcf rctn ocfw uniuln d}io

fnnklnrr r~ddn}gfj d}io tgr~cl kgrcmglg{w& Gf oir{kntnliugfj cfk ocfw c}ncr id kntnliunk bi~f{}gnr,

cbbnrr {i s~clg{w nwn bc}n gr gfckns~c{n lnckgfj {i {anu}ntnf{cmln mlgfkfnrr& Ucrrgtn {nln/iua{acloilijw‒zan}n uc{gnf{r‗ blgfgbcl kc{c !r~ba cr d~fk~ruai{ij}cuar' c}n billnb{nk, {}cfrog{{nk, cfk lc{n}gf{n}u}n{nk mw iua{acloilijgr{r‒ c}n znll kntnliunk&

P=/2_ Aizntn}, k~n {i g{r kwfcogb fc{~}n cfk}ns~g}nonf{ id runbgcl r`gllr onf{gifnk cmitn, rlg{/lcou

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iua{acloilijgr{ bcf {ncba {an r{~knf{r zg{ai~{kgr{~}mgfj {an uc{gnf{ cfk bcf u}itgkn lgtnlw {an nwngocjnr& U}ik~bgfj lgtnlw gf {an blcrr}iio gr czifkn}d~l zcw {i ruc}` {an r{~knf{‗r gocjgfc{gifr cfkk}cz i~{ {ang} b}nc{gtg{w&

GG& [NLNIUN]C[GTN RLG[LCOUOGB]IRBIUN

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nqcogfc{gifr& [an i}jcfgxc{gif id {anrn runbgcl

kntgbnr }ns~g}nr j}nc{ r`gll cfk nqun}gnfbn di}ogb}irbiun bif{}il gf ckkg{gif {i `fizlnkjn id blgfgbclonkgbgfn&

Dgj 3& Nqcogfc{gif id c Rlg{ Lcou





Gf u}ntgi~r zi}`r, c runbgclgr{ / cf nqun}{ }noi{nu}nrnf{n}/bif{}ilr c rlg{ lcou ogb}irbiun c{ {an uc{gnf{rg{n& [an bcu{~}nk agja/s~clg{w r{gll i} oitgfj gocjnr id nwnr c}n rnf{ {i c blcrr}iio&

Iua{acloilijgr{r ulcw c }nlc{gtnlw un}guan}cl }iln gf{ncbagfj {an onkgbcl r{~knf{& Gf bif{}cr{, i~} cuu}icba

gf{}ik~bnr c {nln/iun}c{gtn rlg{ lcou ogb}irbiun bcfu}itgkn c }ncl {gon {nbafilijw {i bcu{~}n agja/s~clg{wr{gll i} oitgfj gocjnr {a}i~ja {an fn{zi}`, cfkbifk~b{ c blcrrnr cfk kgcjfirgr gf c {gonlw ocffn}&[agr rn{{gfj ogja{ }ns~g}n cf crrgr{cf{ c{ {an uc{gnf{ rg{nzg{a lgog{nk `fizlnkjn }nlc{nk {i {an iua{aclogbun}guan}clr, ac}kzc}n cfk rid{zc}n& [an crrgr{cf{ ogja{mn c jnfn}cl kib{i} zai gr fi{ cf iua{acloilijgr{, i}un}acur c f~}rn zai zi~lk r~uui}{ {aniua{acloilijgr{*r rlg{ lcou iun}c{gif&

Dgj =& Dib~rnk cfk rlgja{lw ml~}}nk c}nc

A~ocf nwn acr c ruan}gbcl r~}dcbn& Iflw dnc{~}nr{ac{ c}n libc{nk gf {an ulcfn kndgfnk mw {an un}dnb{imhnb{ kgr{cfbn cuunc} un}dnb{lw dib~rnk& Cll i{an}dnc{~}nr c}n ml~}}nk& Gf ckkg{gif, c{{cbagfj {an bcon}c c{ifn rgkn id {an rlg{ lcou ogb}irbiuw bcf bc~rn {anfc}}iz tgrgif gocjn, rnn Dgj&=&

GGG& JNFN]CL MLIB@ KGCJ]CO

Dgj 2&3 Jnfn}cl Mlib` Kgcj}co

2&3 Knrb}gu{gif id Mlib` Kgcj}co

2&3&3&3 Rlg{ Lcou

[ikcw {an rlg{ lcou gr {an iua{acloilijgr{‗r oir{d}ns~nf{lw ~rnk cfk oir{ ~fgtn}rcllw cuulgbcmlngfr{}~onf{& Mgiogb}irbiuw id {an lgtgfj nwn gr c }i~{gfniua{acloilijgb nqcogfc{gif& [an rlg{ lcou nfcmlnr {an~rn} {i gfrunb{ gfkgtgk~cl nwn rnjonf{r gf s~gb`

r~bbnrrgif {i im{cgf c jnfn}cl gou}nrrgif id { a nnwn cfk oc`n c kgcjfirgr&

G f c rlg{ lcou, {an oi r { goui}{cf{ {wun id gll~ogfc{gif gr {an iu{gbcl rnb{gif& Cl l i{an}{nbafgs~nr c}n tc}gc{gifr& Di} r~}tnw nqcogfc{gif id {an cf{n}gi} rnjonf{ {an rlg{ gr ckh~r{nk {i d~ll cun}{~}n&[agr }nr~l{r gf c bg}b~lc}, tn}w m}gja{ cfk ntnflwgll~ogfc{nk dgnlk { a c { gr rlgja{lw roclln} {acf {an

ogb}irbiun*r dgnlk id tgnz& Mw ulcbgfj c j}i~fk jlcrrgf{i {an iu{gbcl uc{a {an nf{g}n dgnlk id tgnz grgll~ogfc{nk& G { gr znll `fizf { a c { {an r{}~b{~}n id {}cfruc}nf{ imhnb{r r~ba cr {an bi}fnc, cf{n}gi}bacomn}, nwn lnfr, cfk mikw bcf iflw mn rnnf uii}lwgf {}cfrog{{nk i} }ndlnb{nk lgja{, cr {an }nlc{gtncoulg{~kn oik~lc{gif i d lgja{ gr {ii znc` c f k{an uacrn oik~lc{gif gr fi{ un}bngtnk mw {an nwn&Aizntn}, r~ba imhnb{r bcf jnfn}cllw mn imrn}tnk znllgf rbc{{n}nk i} dl~i}nrbnf{ lgja{&

Dgj 2&= [an itn}cll rwr{no

C rlg{ lcou nqco ocw mn kifn8

Cr uc}{ id c }i~{gfn nwn nqco clifjzg{a i{an} u}ibnk~}nr {i ntcl~c{n {an nwn, r~bacr iua{acloirbiuw, tgrgif {nr{gfj, i} {ifion{}w!{i oncr~}n u}nrr~}n gf {an nwn'&

[i lii` c{ r{}~b{~}nr gf {an mcb` id {annwn, r~ba cr {an iu{gb fn}tn i} }n{gfc&

[i anlu kn{nb{ kgri}kn}r gf {anr{}~b{~}nr gf {an d}if{ id {an nwn, r~ba crgfdnb{gif i} gfh~}w {i {an bi}fnc, bc{c}cb{r,bifh~fb{gtg{gr, i} g}g{gr&

[i anlu kn{nb{ cfk oifg{i} jlc~bioci} ocb~lc} knjnfn}c{gif&

[i banb` di} c di}ngjf mikw, r~ba cr con{cl d}cjonf{, if i} gf {an nwn&

[i kn{nb{ nwn u}imlnor {ac{ ocw mnbc~rnk mw i{an} kgrncrnr, r~ba cr kgcmn{nr i}}an~oc{igk c}{a}g{gr& ]i~{gfn rlg{ lcou nqcor c}ngoui}{cf{ {i kn{nb{ nwn u}imlnor c{ cf nc}lwr{cjn cfk {i j~gkn {}nc{onf{ gd nwn u}imlnorkntnliu&

[i oifg{i} bioulgbc{gifr r~ba crmlnnkgfj cd{n} cf nwn gfh~}w&

[i oifg{i} bioulgbc{gifr r~ba crbc{c}cb{ di}oc{gif {ac{ ibb~}r mnbc~rn id banoi{an}cuw, }ckgc{gif {}nc{onf{, i} cd{n} cmifn oc}}iz {}cfrulcf{&

2&3&3&= Bi~uln}

C bi~uln} gr c kntgbn {ac{ biffnb{r {zi nfkr zg{ai~{ cfw lirr id nfn}jw& [an bi~uln} gr {zi ugnbn [ndlif





bi~ulgfj& [an bcon}c gr dg{{nk gfrgkn {an bi~uln} c{ {anbi}}nb{ lnfj{a cfk {an {zi ugnbnr c}n {gja{nfnk& [anoikgdgnk rlg{ lcou r~uui}{r tgkni bcon}c gfr{cllc{gifdi} tgnzgfj gocjnr id {an uc{gnf{‗r nwn if rb}nnf& [angocjn biogfj d}io ifn nfk id {an rlg{ lcou gr dib~rnkif {i {an znmbco di} agja dgknlg{w& [an znmbco ~rnk

ugb`r ~u {an gocjn kg}nb{lw cfk knlgtn}r {i {an UB& [anbi~uln} gr ockn ~u id UTB, gf i}kn} {i actn jiikdib~rgfj& [agr k~ulgbc{gif id {an fc{~}n‗r agja dgknlg{wrwr{no gr cbagntnk cd{n} ocfw {}gcl cfk n}}i}r&

2&3&3&2 Bi~uln} Knrgjf

Dgj 2&2[iu Tgnz id Dg}r{ Uc}{

Dgj 2&; [iu Tgnz id Rnbifk Uc}{

Dgj 2&>[iu Tgnz id [ag}k Uc}{

Dgj 2&4Rgkn Tgnz id Dg}r{ Uc}{

Dgj 2&: Rgkn Tgnz Id Rnbifk Uc}{

Dgj 2&1 Rgkn Tgnz Id [ag}k Uc}{

Dgj 2&7[i{cl Bi~uln}





Dgj 2&35 R{cfkc}k Uai{ij}cua d}io {an nwn

GT& BIFBL^RGIFR

Di} {an u~}uirn id nqun}gonf{c{gif znmbco gr~rnk, zagba jgtnr {an kg}nb{ tgr~clgxc{gif id {an nwn if coifg{i} i} if c rb}nnf, ri {ac{ cll {an r{~knf{r bcf tgnz{an nwn c{ {an rcon {gon gf c blcrr }iio& Rgfbn {an nwn grtn}w rnfrg{gtn cfk goui}{cfbn {i a~ocf lgdn, {an s~clg{w id {an gocjn {ac{ ~rnk di} kib{i}r* kgcjfirn ulcwr cfgoui}{cf{ }iln gf nqcogfgfj {an uc{gnf{*r gllfnrr&D~}{an}oi}n, rlg{ lcou nqcogfc{gif bcf r~ddn} {an uc{gnf{

mnbc~rn id agja l~ogfcfbn, ri lnrr ~rnk {gon zi~lk mnmn{{n}& [nln/Iun}c{gtn Iua{acloirbiun rwr{no acrrunbgdgbg{w cuu}icbagfj {airn id {an biftnf{gifcl rlg{/

lcou& [an }nocgfgfj bacllnfjnr c}n {i ogfgc{~}gxn {anu}i{i{wun, {i kntnliu c liz bir{ ocrr u}ik~b{gif id {an

~fg{r, cfk {i iu{gogxn {an ~{glgxc{gif id gf{n}fn{mcfkzgk{a&

T& CB@FIZLNKJNONF[R[an c~{ai}r zgra {i {acf` {an Bacg}ocf cfk

Bacg}un}rif id ]chclc`raog Nfjgfnn}gfj Billnjn,Banffcg di} u}itgkgfj cll {an dcbglg{gnr }ns~g}nk di}bc}}wgfj i~{ {agr zi}`& [anw clri {acf` {an U}gfbgucl,]chclc`raog Nfjgfnn}gfj Billnjn, Banffcg di} agrbifr{cf{ nfbi~}cjnonf{ cfk j~gkcfbn&

]NDN]NFBNR

P3_& H&@& Lnkdi}k, “[an Rlg{ Lcou U}gon},‟ Rlcb` Gfbi}ui}c{nk,[ai}idc}n, F&H&, =554&

P=_& R& @~oc}, O&L& [cw/@nc}fnw, G&H& Bifr{cmln, @&Wijnrcf&, “Gf{n}fn{mcrnk iua{acloilijw rn}tgbn8goucb{ crrnrronf{‟ M} H Iua{acloil178 321=/12, =55>&

P2_& H&J& Bcoc}c, ]N ]ik}gj~nx&, “]ncl/{gon{nlnonf{i}gfj gf Iua{acloilijw‟ [nlnonk H ;8 2:>/2::, 3771

P;_& ]gbac}k h& Hcoc}c, Ik, dcci, d}cfr tcf kn tnlkn, ok,cfk nlg unlg, orb, ik, dcci “Rbcffgfj NwnOitnonf{r gf Aioifwoi~r AnogcfiugcKib~onf{nk mw Rbcffgfj Lcrn} Iua{acloirbiun]n{gfcl Un}gon{}w‟ 35;5/>;11)52)155:/5;7>)5 TIL&15, FI& :, UU& ;7>‒>5; Iu{ion{}w Tgrgif RbgnfbnBiuw}gja{ § =552 Con}gbcfCbcknow id Iu{ion{}w

P>_& H&J& Bcoc}c, ]N ]ik}gj~nx&, “]ncl/{gon {nlnonf{i}gfj gfIua{acloilijw‟ [nlnonk H ;8 2:>/2::,3771&

P4_& C~r{gf ]ii}kc, Kctgk On}gfi, @cbbgn W& Lg, cfk W~a~c Xacfj“Ogfgc{~}gxc{gif id Ckcu{gtn Iu{gbr Rbcffgfj Lcrn}Iua{acloirbiun‟ gf D}if{gn}r gf Iu{gbr, IRC [nbafgbcl Kgjnr{!BK' !Iu{gbcl Ribgn{w id Con}gbc, =557', ucun} DZQ3&

P:_& Un}nkfgc K& C&, Cllnf, C&, -[nlnonkgbgfn {nbafilijw cfkblgfgbccuulgbc{gifr- HCOC, >2, =:2, 377>&

P1_&

A& Lg, -[nlnonkgbgfn cfk iua{acloilijw,- R~}tnw id Iua{acloilijw, til& ;;, 3777, u& 43/:=&P7_& O& Oii}n, -[an ntil~{gif id {nlnonkgbgfn,- D~{~}n Jnfn}c{gif

Biou~{n} Rwr{nor, til& 3>, 3777, uu& =;>/=>;&





U}ib& id {an Gf{l& Bifd& if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr ‒Til~on 3& Biuw}gja{ § =53= [nbafi Di}~o J}i~u, Gfkgc&GRMF8 7:1/13/7=5>:>/:/4 88 kig8 35& :27;=)GRMFY5:41

CBO "8 kmn}&gon}c&35& :27;=

Cmr{}cb{/ ]i~{gfj u}i{ibilr di} oimgln ck aib fn{zi}`r

!OCFN[r' actn mnnf nquli}nk nq{nfrgtnlw gf lcr{ dnzwnc}r& O~ba id {agr zi}` gr {c}jn{nk c{ dgfkgfj c dncrgmln

}i~{n d}io c ri~}bn {i c knr{gfc{gif zg{ai~{ bifrgkn}gfjb~}}nf{ fn{zi}` {}cddgb i} cuulgbc{gif }ns~g}nonf{r&

]i~{gfj ocw ln{ c bifjnr{gif acuunf zagba gr kn{nb{nk mwbifjnr{gif bif{}il, m~{ knclgfj zg{a bifjnr{gif gf }ncb{gtnocffn} }nr~l{r gf lifjn} knlcw, cfk ~ffnbnrrc}w ucb`n{ lirr

cfk }ns~g}nr rgjfgdgbcf{ itn}anck gd c fnz }i~{n gr fnnknk&]i~{gfj rai~lk fi{ mn czc}n id, m~{ clri mn ckcu{gtn {i,

fn{zi}` bifjnr{gif& Ckcu{c{gif {i {an bifjnr{gif anlur {igfb}ncrn mi{a {an nddnb{gtnfnrr cfk nddgbgnfbw id }i~{gfj&[anrn u}imlnor c}n riltnk mw {an bifjnr{gif/czc}n }i~{gfj

u}i{ibilr gf bn}{cgf knj}nn& [anrn u}i{ibilr zagba c}nckcu{gtn {i bifjnr{gif r{c{~r id oimgln ck/aib fn{zi}` bcf

j}nc{lw gou}itn {an fn{zi}` un}di}ocfbn& Gf {agr ucun},zn u}nrnf{ {an r~}tnw id bifjnr{gif ckcu{gtn }i~{gfj

u}i{ibilr di} oimgln ck/aib fn{zi}`& Dgfcllw, {an d~{~}nkg}nb{gif id bifjnr{gif/czc}n }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr grknrb}gmnk&

@nwzi}kr8 Ck aib fn{zi}`r, bifjnr{gif czc}n }i~{gfj,

Bifjnr{gif on{}gb, bifjnr{gif ckcu{cmglg{w

G& GF[]IK^B[GIF

Zg}nlnrr ck/aib fn{zi}` gr ~r~cllw kndgfnk cr c rn{id zg}nlnrr oimgln fiknr kwfcogbcllw rnld/i}jcfgxgfj c

{noui}c}w fn{zi}` zg{ai~{ cfw bnf{}cl ckogfgr{}c{gif i}nqgr{gfj fn{zi}` gfd}cr{}~b{~}n& [an fikn gf {an zg}nlnrr

ck/aib fn{zi}` bcf rn}tn cr }i~{n}r cfk air{r& Ri, {anw

bcf di}zc}k ucb`n{r di} i{an} fiknr gd {anw c}n if }i~{n

d}io ri~}bn {i knr{gfc{gif& ]i~{gfj gr goui}{cf{ u}imlno

gf zg}nlnrr ck/aib fn{zi}`& [}ckg{gifcl zi}`gfju}i{ibilr bcffi{ zi}` znll gf zg}nlnrr ck/aib fn{zi}`

mnbc~rn id {an bac}cb{n}gr{gbr id {an zg}nlnrr ck/aib

fn{zi}`r& Rgfbn, oimgln fiknr actn lgog{nk {}cfrogrrgifbcucbg{w {anw oir{lw gf{n}bioo~fgbc{n mw o~l{gaiu

}nlcw& O~l{gaiu }i~{gfj gr bacllnfjnk mw lgog{nk zg}nlnrr

mcfkzgk{a, liz kntgbn uizn}, kwfcogbcllw bacfjgfj

fn{zi}` {iuilijw, agja t~lfn}cmglg{w {i dcgl~}n& [icfrzn} {anrn bacllnfjnr, ocfw }i~{gfj clji}g{aor gf

OCFN[r zn}n u}iuirnk& [an}n c}n kgddn}nf{ kgonfrgifr{i bc{nji}gxn {ano8 u}icb{gtn }i~{gfj Tr }ncb{gtn }i~{gfj

i} rgfjln uc{a }i~{gfj Tr o~l{guc{a }i~{gfj& Gf u}icb{gtn

u}i{ibilr, }i~{n mn{znnf ntn}w {zi fiknr c}n nr{cmlgrankgf cktcfbn ntnf {ai~ja fi {}cfrogrrgif gr gf knocfk& Gf

}ncb{gtn u}i{ibilr, }i~{n gr kgrbitn}nk zanf fnnknk{}cfrogrrgif cfk }nlncrnk zanf {}cfrogrrgif fi lifjn}

{c`nr ulcbn& Bifjnr{gif gr ifn id {an oir{ goui}{cf{

}nr{}gb{gifr id zg}nlnrr ck/aib fn{zi}`& G{ ocw

kn{n}gi}c{n {an un}di}ocfbn id zailn fn{zi}`& Gf {anb~}}nf{ knrgjf }i~{gfj gr fi{ bifjnr{gif/ckcu{gtn&]i~{gfj ocw ln{ {an

bifjnr{gif acuunf zagba gr kn{nb{nk mw bifjnr{gifbif{}il& M~{ knclgfj zg{a bifjnr{gif gf }ncb{gtn ocffn}

}nr~l{r gf lifjn} knlcw cfk cf ~ffnbnrrc}w ucb`n{ lirrcfk }ns~g}nr rgjfgdgbcf{ itn}anck gd {an fnz }i~{n grfnnknk& M~{, fiz {an}n gr cfi{an} kgonfrgif di}

bc{nji}gxgfj di} }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr8 bifjnr{gif ckcu{gtnTr& bifjnr{gif ~f/ckcu{gtn }i~{gfj& I~} oi{gtc{gif gr

{ac{ bifjnr{gif gr kiogfcf{ bc~rn di} ucb`n{ lirr, lifjknlcw, cfk agja itn}anck gf OCFN[r&

[anrn u}imlnor mnbion tgrgmln gf lc}jn rbcln

{}cfrogrrgif id {}cddgb gf{nfrgtn kc{c r~ba cr o~l{gonkgckc{c zan}n bifjnr{gif gr oi}n u}imcmln cfk fnjc{gtn

goucb{ id ucb`n{ lirr if {an rn}tgbn s~clg{w gr id oi}nrgjfgdgbcfbn& Gf {agr ucun} zn r{~kgnk bifjnr{gif }i~{gfju}i{ibilr lg`n B]U!Bifjnr{gif Ckcu{gtn ]i~{gfj

U}i{ibil'P:_,NBC]U !Nddgbgnf{ Bifjnr{gif Ckcu{gtn]i~{gfj U}i{ibil 'P33_,BC]U!Bifjnr{gif Czc}n

]i~{gfj U}i{ibil',BCKT!Bifjnr{gif Czc}n Kgr{cfbnTnb{i}'P3=_,BC]C!Bifjnr{gif Czc}n ]i~{gfj ul~r }c{n

Ckcu{c{gif'P3=_,BC]O!Bifjnr{gif Czc}n ]i~{gfjU}i{ibil di} Oimgln Ck/aib Fn{zi}`'P3=_&

[an }nocgfgfj uc}{ id {an ucun} gr i}jcfgxnk cr

dillizr8 Gf rnb{gif GG zn u}itgkn {an r{~kgnk bifjnr{gif

czc}n }i~{gfj u}i{ibilr& Gf rnb{gif GGG biouc}grif

mn{znnf {anrn clji}g{aor gr u}nrnf{nk& Gf rnb{gif GT znbifbl~knk {an ucun}&

CLJI]G[AOR

[an}n c}n ocfw }i~{gfj clji}g{aor gf oimgln ck/aib

fn{zi}`r di} }i~{gfj cfk bifjnr{gif d}nn fn{zi}`r&Rion id {ano c}n nqulcgfnk mnliz8

C& Bifjnr{gif Ckcu{gtn ]i~{gfj U}i{ibil !B]U'8

Bifjnr{gif Ckcu{gtn ]i~{gfj gr c bifjnr{gifckcu{gtn ~fgbcr{ }i~{gfj u}i{ibil di} oimgln ck/aib

fn{zi}`& B]U u}i{ibil {}gnr {i u}ntnf{ bifjnr{gif d}ioibb~}}gfj gf {an dg}r{ ulcbn& Gf B]U, ntn}w fikncuunc}gfj if c }i~{n zc}fr g{r u}ntgi~r fikn zanf u}ifn

{i mn bifjnr{nk& Ri, B]U ~rnr {an ckkg{gifcl uc{ar bcllnk

cr “mwucrr‟ di} mwucrrgfj {an ui{nf{gcl bifjnr{gif c}nc

{i {an dg}r{ fif/bifjnr{nk fikn if {an u}goc}w }i~{n& G{}nk~bnr ucb`n{ knlcw& M~{, c{ {an rcon {gon B]U {}gnr {i

ogfgogxn mwucrr {i }nk~bn u}i{ibil itn}anck& Anfbn,{an {}cddgb gr rulg{ itn} mwucrr cfk u}goc}w cfk

ckcu{gtnlw {i fn{zi}` bifjnr{gif& Anfbn, 3' uizn}

bifr~ou{gif gr nddgbgnf{&=' Bifjnr{gif gr }nriltnk

U}i{ibilr C R{~kw id Bifjnr{gif Czc}n

Ckcu{gtn ]i~{gfj gf OCFN[

O}&R&C&Hcgf O}&R&]&@i`c{n]nrnc}ba Rbailc} ]nrnc}ba Crribgc{nr

OCN, Clcfkg !K' OCN, Clcfkg !K'U~fn ^fgtn}rg{w, Gfkgc U~fn ^fgtn}rg{w, Gfkgc





mndi}nacfk cfk c{ {an rcon {gon {an}n gr rocll ucb`n{

lirr }c{n&

]U gr if/knocfk cfk bifrgr{r id {an dillizgfj

biouifnf{r&c& Bifjnr{gif Oifg{i}gfj8 Zanf fi& id ucb`n{r

biogfj {i {an fikn nqbnnkr g{r bc}}wgfj bcucbg{w, fiknmnbionr bifjnr{nk cfk g{r r{c}{r lirgfj ucb`n{r& Tc}gi~r

on{}gbr c}n ~rnk di} fikn {i oifg{i} bifjnr{gif r{c{~r&Ocgf uc}con{n}r c}n un}bnf{cjn id cll ucb`n{r kgrbc}knk

di} lcb` id m~ddn} rucbn, {an ctn}cjn s~n~n lnfj{a, {an

fi& id {an ucb`n{r {gonk i~{ cfk }n{}cfrog{{nk, ctn}cjn

ucb`n{ knlcw& Gf cll {anrn uc}con{n}r, }grgfj f~omn}

gfkgbc{nr j}izgfj bifjnr{gif&=' U}goc}w ]i~{n Kgrbitn}w8 Rnfkn} kgrbitn}r {an

}i~{n {i {an }nbngtn} mw m}ickbcr{gfj {an ]NS ucb`n{{izc}k }nbngtn}& [an }nbngtn} }nruifkr ]NS mw rnfkgfj{an ]NU ucb`n{ if rcon uc{a {ac{ {an ]NS u}ntgi~rlw

dilliznk& [agr gr bcllnk u}goc}w }i~{n cfk fiknr if {agrc}n bcllnk u}goc}w fiknr& [i }nk~bn {}cddgb k~n {i {an

u}goc}w }i~{n kgrbitn}w cfk mn{{n} kncl zg{aBifjnr{gif gf {an fn{zi}`, = r{}c{njgnr c}n ckiu{nk

3' ]NS gr k}iuunk gd c}}gtgfj c{ c fikn zagba gr actgfjbifjnr{gif r{c{~r cr “}nk‟ =' ]NS gr k}iuunk G c}}gtgfj

c{ fikn cl}nckw actgfj c }i~{n {i knr{gfc{gif &

m& Mwucrr Kgrbitn}w8 C u}goc}w fikn un}gikgbcllwm}ickbcr{r c ^K[ g&n& ~ukc{n ucb`n{& [agr ucb`n{

bif{cgfr {an fiknr bifjnr{gif r{c{~r cfk rn{ id {~ulnrPknr{gfc{gif K, fnq{ j}nnf fikn J, kgr{cfbn {i j}nnf

fikn, f_ di} ncba fikn cuunc}gfj cr c knr{gfc{gif gf

u}goc}w {cmln& Di} {agr }ncrif gr zanf fikn U }nbngtnr cf~ukc{n ucb`n{ d}io fnq{ u}goc}w fikn Ufnq{, cmi~{ {an

knr{gfc{gif K, U zgll mn czc}n id bifjnr{gif r{c{~r id

fnq{& [agr bc~rnr {an bifjnr{gif {i `fiz cmi~{ {an fnq{j}nnf fikn id U zagba gr f aiur czcw d}io u}goc}w}i~{n& M~{ gd {an fnq{ aiu gr wnlliz i} }nk, bifjnr{gifzgll mn {an}n gd kc{c ucb`n{r bif{gf~n {i mn di}zc}knk if

UUfnq{& M~{, B]U {}gnr {i `nnu bifjnr{gif d}ioibb~}}gfj gf {an dg}r{ ulcbn, U fikn r{c}{r {i rnlnb{ mwucrr

}i~{n {izc}k J/{an fnq{ j}nnf fikn id U `fizf d}io {an

^K[ ucb`n{& [agr mwucrr rnc}ba gr rgoglc} {i u}goc}w

}i~{n rnc}ba, nqbnu{ {ac{ 3'{an mwucrr }ns~nr{ ucb`n{‗r[[L gr rn{ {i =(o cfk ='mwucrr }ns~nr{ gr k}iuunk gd

c}}gtgfj c{ fikn cl}nckw u}nrnf{ if u}goc}w }i~{n& G{bcf mn clri uirrgmln {ac{ fi mwucrr gr di~fk& Ri, gf r~ba

rg{~c{gif ucb`n{r c}n knlgtn}nk {i knr{gfc{gif mwdillizgfj u}goc}w }i~{n&

B& [}cddgb Rulg{{gfj cfk Bifjnr{gif Ckcu{cmglg{w8

Zanf {an mwucrr c{ c fikn gr di~fk, kc{c ucb`n{r biogfj

{i {agr fikn c}n fi{ fnbnrrc}glw ru}nck itn} mwucrr cfk

u}goc}w }i~{n& [i ctigk {an mwucrr d}io mngfj

bifjnr{nk fi ucb`n{ gr di}zc}knk if mwucrr ~flnrr cfw

u}goc}w fikn gr }nk g&n& bifjnr{nk& [an mcrgb gknc mnagfk{}cddgb rulg{{gfj gr {ac{ zanf u}goc}w lgf` bifrgr{r id lnrr

bifjnr{nk fikn, {}cddgb if u}goc}w lgf` rai~lk mngfb}ncrnk, i{an}zgrn g{ rai~lk mn }nk~bnk& Mwucrr cfk

u}goc}w }i~{nr bcffi{ gfbl~kn oi}n {acf = biooiffiknr, m~{ kgddn}nf{ mwucrr uc{ar bcf rac}n biooif

fikn& [agr gfb}ncrnr bacfbn {i kgrbitn} c mwucrr& M~{,

mnbc~rn id {agr mwucrr fikn ocw mnbion bifjnr{nk gd g{

acr {i bc}}w lc}jn lickr id mwucrr {}cddgb& M~{, {agr bcf mn

riltnk, mw rulg{{gfj u}imcmglg{w ckh~r{onf{ di} bifjnr{gifckcu{c{gif& [an u}imcmglg{w ckh~r{onf{ gr cr raizf gf

[CMLN G&m& O~l{guc{a Ogfgogxc{gif8 [i }nk~bn {an u}i{ibil

itn}anck, B]U {}gnr {i ogfgogxn ~rgfj o~l{guln uc{ar& Gd

{an u}imcmglg{w u {i di}zc}k kc{c if c u}goc}w lgf` cuu}icbanr 3&5, {agr oncfr {an fnq{ u}goc}w fikn gr dc}

d}io bifjnr{nk i} {an mwucrr }i~{n gr agjalw bifjnr{nk&Gf {agr bcrn, {an mwucrr c{ {an b~}}nf{ fikn gr }noitnk&

Rgoglc}lw, gd {an fnq{ u}goc}w fikn gr tn}w bifjnr{nk !u

cuu}icbanr 5', {an u}goc}w lgf` gr kgrbiffnb{nk cfk {anmwucrr }i~{n mnbionr u}goc}w& [i oc`n

{an u}i{ibil oi}n lgja{zngja{, B]U kinr fi{ clliz cfikn {i actn oi}n {acf ifn mwucrr& [an u}i{ibil

itn}anck k~n {i ~rgfj mwucrr gr clri }nk~bnk uc}{lwmnbc~rn id rai}{ mwucrr lnfj{ar& Ncba mwucrr biffnb{r {i

{an dg}r{ fif/bifjnr{nk fikn cd{n} {an bifjnr{gif rui{,

zagba rai~lk mn h~r{ c dnz aiur kizfr{}nco&

b&Dcgl~}n ]nbitn}w8 B]U gr cmln {i s~gb`lw }nr~onbiffnb{gtg{w cd{n} c lgf` m}nc`cjn mw ~rgfj mwucrr }i~{nr

b~}}nf{lw ctcglcmln& [an}n c}n 2 ogf bcrnr id dcgl~}nU}goc}w lgf` dcgl~}n8 Zanf ifn id lgf` if u}goc}w

}i~{n dcglr, {an gfg{gcl fikn rnfkr c KGRB ucb`n{ {izc}kr

rnfkn} clifj }i~{n& [agr KGRB jinr if }nbi}kgfj fiknrcfk g{ r{iur c{ fikn actgfj mwucrr& [agr fikn gd dgfkr

{ac{ g{r mwucrr knr{gfc{gif gr {an}n gf KGRB, {ac{ mwucrr grfi{ ~rnk cfk KGRB gr di}zc}knk ~ur{}nco {izc}krrnfkn} {gll g{ dgfkr c fikn zg{a mwucrr cfk fi{ actgfj

dcglnk fikn cr g{r knr{gfc{gif& Gd mi{a {anrn bcrnr c}n fi{

Bifjnr{gif Mwucrr

r{c{~r?j}nnf

Mwucrr r{c{~r?wnlliz Mwucrr r{c{~r?}nk

Fnq{ u}goc}w fikn gr j}nnf U8?u+!3/u'); U8?u+!3/u')2 U8?u+!3/u')=

Fnq{ u}goc}w fikn gr wnlliz U ~fbacfjnk U ~fbacfjnk U8?u+!3/u');

Fnq{ u}goc}w fikn gr }nk U8?u/!3/u')= U8?u/!3/u'); Dgfk cfi{an} mwucrr

[CMLN G

RULG[[GFJ U]IMCMGLG[W CKH^R[ONF[

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ 3:5




{an}n KGRB gr rnf{ {i {an rnfkn} cfk g{ zgll dgfk fnz

u}goc}w }i~{n& k&Mwucrr lgf` i} fikn dcglr8 Gf {agr bcrn mwucrr fikn

zagba dgfkr {agr dcgl~}n rnfkr c MURYKGRB ucb`n{{a}i~ja mwucrr }i~{n {i u}goc}w fikn cfk {ac{ mwucrr gr

}noitnk&

n&U}goc}w fikn dcglr8 Gd fikn if {an u}goc}w }i~{n

dcglr, g{r u}ntgi~r fikn rnfkr KGRB ucb`n{ clifj u}goc}w}i~{n& Gd {an mwucrr fikn kn{nb{r rion dcgl~}n, g{ zgll clrirnfk MURYKGRB ucb`n{ clifj mwucrr ~f{gl }ncbagfj c

u}goc}w fikn& Zanf u}goc}w fikn }nbngtnk mi{a {anrn

ucb`n{, g{ }noitnr mwucrr cfk KGRB ucb`n{ gr di}zc}knkclifj u}goc}w }i~{n& [anf {agr gr acfklnk rcon cr dg}r{

bcrn& Gd MURYKGRB ucb`n{ kinrf‗{ c}}gtn c{ {an u}goc}w

fikn if {gon {ac{ mwucrr gr ~rnk cr u}goc}w }i~{n& M~{, gd

g{ bionr lc{n, g{ gr gjfi}nk& M~{, }i~{n }nocgfr m}i`nf m~{g{ zgll }nbitn} riif mnbc~rn cfi{an} KGRB ucb`n{ zgll mn

rnf{ mcb`&

[i ntcl~c{n {an un}di}ocfbn id {an B]U dillizgfj

uc}con{n}r c}n ~rnk8 c&Ucb`n{ knlgtn}w }c{gi8 Un}bnf{cjn id kc{c ucb`n{r

}nbngtnk c{ {an knr{gfc{gif i~{ id {an f~omn} id kc{c

ucb`n{r jnfn}c{nk mw {an BM] {}cddgb ri~}bnr&

m&Nfk/{i/Nfk knlcw8 G{ gr {an cbb~o~lc{gtn knlcw gf

kc{c ucb`n{ k~n {i m~ddn}gfj id ucb`n{r, fnz }i~{nkgrbitn}gnr, s~n~gfj knlcw, OCB/lcwn} }n/{}cfrogrrgif,

cfk {}cfrogrrgif cfk u}iucjc{gif knlcwr&

b&]i~{gfj Itn}anck8 [an }c{gif id {an coi~f{ gfmw{nr id bif{}il ucb`n{r {}cfrog{{nk {i {an coi~f{ gf

mw{nr id kc{c }nbngtnk&

k&Fi}oclgxnk uizn} bifr~ou{gif8 [an }c{gi id {an

coi~f{ gf mw{nr id mi{a bif{}il cfk kc{c ucb`n{r

{}cfrog{{nk {i {an coi~f{ gf mw{nr id kc{c }nbngtnk&

M& Cf Nddgbgnf{ Bifjnr{gif Ckcu{gtn ]i~{gfj

U}i{ibil di} Oimgln Ck Aib Fn{zi}`r !NBC]U'8

Cf nddgbgnf{ bifjnr{gif ckcu{gtn }i~{gfj u}i{ibil grmn{{n} {acf ntn}w i{an} }i~{gfj u}i{ibil k~}gfj anctw

{}cddgb lickr& [an NBC]U, }i~{gfj u}i{ibil nfr~}nr agjactcglcmglg{w id cl{n}fc{gtn }i~{nr cfk }nk~bn {an }c{n id

r{cln }i~{nr& NBC]U gr actgfj ocgflw CIKT cr g{r mcrn&

[agr bcf mn cbagntnk mw gfb}ncrgfj {an uc}con{n}r id

}i~{gfj u}i{ibilr !nrunbgcllw gf CIKT' {ac{ fi}ocllw{c`n oi}n {gon di} lgf` }nbitn}w& [anrn uc}con{n}r c}n

cb{gtnY}i~{nY{gon/i~{, }i~{nY}nulwYzcg{Y{gon,

}ntn}rnY}i~{nYlgdn, [[LYr{c}{, [[LYgfb}nonf{,[[LY{a}nrailk cfk knln{nYun}gik&

NBC]U Bifjnr{gif Bif{}il Clji}g{ao[agr clji}g{ao u}itgknr ril~{gif {i gou}itn }i~{gfj

u}i{ibilr k~n {i bifr{}cgfnk nftg}ifonf{&

R{nu 38 Banb` {an ibb~ucfbw id lgf` lcwn} m~ddn} id fikn un}gikgbcllw& Ln{ Fb mn {an bifjnr{gif r{c{~r

nr{goc{nk&

R{nu =8 Biou~{n F b ?F~omn} id ucb`n{ m~ddn}nk gf

m~ddn})M~ddn} RgxnR{nu 28 Rn{ {an r{c{~r di} bifjnr{gif& G{ bcf mn

gfkgbc{nk mw {a}nn r{c{~rnr “Ji‟, “bc}nd~l‟, cfk “R{iu‟&

P “Ji‟ gfkgbc{nr {an}n gr fi bifjnr{gif zg{a F b ≫ ¿ _,

“bc}nd~ll‟ gfkgbc{nr {an r{c{~r lg`nlw {i mn bifjnr{nk zg{a¿ ≫ F b ≫ ¶ cfk “R{iu‟ gfkgbc{nr {an r{c{~r cl}nckw

bifjnr{nk, ¶ ≫ F b ≫ 3&_R{nu ;8 Gfti`n bifjnr{gif bif{}il }i~{gfn zanf lgf`

dcglnk ntnf{ acr ibb~}}nk gf kc{c {}cfrdn} zg{a ~rgfj

cb{gtn }i~{n i} ¶ ≫ F b ≫ 3&

R{nu >8 Crr~on {ac{ fngjami}gfj zgll actn cl{n}fc{n}i~{n i} fif/bifjnr{nk }i~{n {i {an knr{gfc{gif&R{nu 4 8 Oc`n S~n}w {i fif/bifjnr{nk fngjami}r di}

}i~{n {i knr{gfc{gifR{nu : 8 cd{n} im{cgfgfj {an }i~{nr d}io {an fngjami}r,

rnlnb{ }i~{n zg{a ogfgo~o aiur&R{nu 18 Ifbn }i~{n gr dgfclgxnk r{c}{ rnfkgfj {an kc{c

ucb`n{r {a}i~ja fif/bifjnr{nk }i~{n&R{nu 78 Gd {an}n gr fi cl{n}fc{gtn }i~{n {i knr{gfc{gif

{anf r{c}{ rulg{{gfj {an {}cddgb {i {an lnrr bifjnr{nk }i~{n&R{nu 358 [}cddgb rulg{{gfj nddnb{gtnlw }nk~bnr {an

bifjnr{gif r{c{~r c{ {an fnq{ ocgf fikn&

k& Bifjnr{gif czc}n }i~{gfj ul~r ]c{n Ckcu{c{gif

!BC]C'8

[an mcrn ~rn id BC]C u}i{ibil gr KR]& [an }i~{n

kgrbitn}w onbacfgro id KR] gr oikgdgnk& [agr u}i{ibil

ocgflw cgor {i dgfk {an mwucrr }i~{n di} bifjnr{nk xifnri} fiknr& [agr bcf mn cbagntnk mw biomgfgfj {an ctn}cjn

OCB ~{glgxc{gif cfk {an gfr{cf{cfni~r {}cfrogrrgifs~n~n lnfj{a {i gfkgbc{n {an bifjnr{gif lntnl id fiknr gf{an fn{zi}`& Zanf ri~}bn zcf{r {i {}cfrog{ kc{c {i {an

knr{gfc{gif fikn, g{ m}ickbcr{r ]]NS ucb`n{r& Zanfgf{n}onkgc{n bikn }nbngtnr ]]NS, g{ banb`r g{r

bifjnr{gif lntnl& Gd {an bifjnr{gif lntnl gr agjan} {anf g{kgrbc}kr {an ]]NS& Zanf ]]NS c}}gtnr c{ {an

knr{gfc{gif fikn, {ai~ja knr{gfc{gif fikn gr bifjnr{nk i}fi{ g{ acfklnr {an ]]NS cfk }nulgnr ]]NU& Ri, }i~{n

zg{ai~{ bifjnr{nk fikn gr nr{cmlgrank&

BC]C ~rnr {zi on{}gbr {i oncr~}n bifjnr{gif

gfdi}oc{gif dg}r{ gr ctn}cjn OCB lcwn} ~{glgxc{gif& [an

gfr{cf{cfni~r OCB lcwn} ~{glgxc{gif gr bifrgkn}nk cr 5iflw zanf {an onkg~o c}i~fk {an fikn gr ctcglcmln c{{an mnjgffgfj id c {}cfrogrrgif cfk cr 3 zanf {an fikn

gr fi{ gkln& !n&j& kn{nb{gfj uawrgbcl bc}}gn} i} kn{nb{gfj i}mcb` idd k~n {i tg}{~cl bc}}gn} rnfrgfj&' Cr, {an

gfr{cf{cfni~r OCB lcwn} ~{glgxc{gif gr ng{an} 3 i} 5 {anctn}cjn tcl~n zg{a gf {an un}gik gfkgbc{nr {an ~rn id

zg}nlnrr onkg~o c}i~fk {an fikn&Rnbifk on{}gb ~rnk gr gfr{cf{cfni~r {}cfrogrrgif

s~n~n lnfj{a& Gd {an fikn acr ocfw ucb`n{r zcg{gfj gf{an s~n~n, g{ bc~rnr lifj ucb`n{ lc{nfbw i} ntnf k}iuugfj

id ucb`n{r& Ri zn bcf rcw {ac{ fikn gr bifjnr{nk fiz&[an cmitn onf{gifnk on{}gb bcf tn}cbgi~rlw }ndlnb{

{an bifjnr{gif bifkg{gifr c}i~fk {an fikn& [agr u}i{ibil

{}gnr {i ogfgogxn {an bifjnr{gif gf {zi zcwr8 3' G{

di}mgkr {an ]]NS ucb`n{r {i u}iucjc{n gf {an bifjnr{nk

c}nc& =' G{ j~gknr {an }i~{n c}i~fk {an bifjnr{nk c}nc i}

fiknr gfr{nck id cb}irr {ano& Cr c }nr~l{ id {agr fibifkg{gifcl {}cfrogrrgif m~}knf jnfn}c{n gf {anrn c}ncr&

n&Bifjnr{gif Czc}n ]i~{gfj u}i{ibil di} Oimgln ck

aib fn{zi}`r !BC]O'8





C bifjnr{gif czc}n }i~{gfj u}i{ibil di} oimgln ck

aib fn{zi}`r ~rnr c on{}gb gfbi}ui}c{gfj kc{c }c{nr,

OCB itn}anck cfk m~ddn} knlcw {i bif{}il {an

bifjnr{gif& [an BC]O u}i{ibil gf{}ik~bnr c fnz

uc}con{n} bcllnk ZBK !Zngja{nk Bacffnl Knlcw' {ioncr~}n bifjnr{gif lntnl cfk ckiu{r c }i~{n

NLKB!Nddnb{gtn lgf` Kc{c/}c{n Bc{nji}w' {i ctigk {anOK]]!Ogroc{bank kc{c/}c{n }i~{n' u}imlno& [an

OK]] u}imlno gr raizf gf dillizgfj dgj&2

Dgj& 2 Cf nqcouln id OKK] u}imlno

[an kc{c }c{n id }i~{n raizf mw kcrank !C/M/K/J' gr

lgog{nk mw {ncogfj dcr{ lgf` !M/K' zg{a rliz lgf` !C/M

cfk K/J'&

Cr onf{gifnk nc}lgn}, {an BC]O u}i{ibil gf{}ik~bnr

c fnz uc}con{n} bcllnk ZBK !zngja{nk bacffnl knlcw'

{i oncr~}n bifjnr{gif cfk g{ gr jgtnf cr 8

ZBK?c ϋ S +

!3+m'[ OCBCLL+[ kc{c

zan}n S gr {an f~omn} id m~ddn}nk ucb`n{r di} {agr

lgf`& [ kc{c?Lkc{c ) ] gr {an kc{c {}cfrogrrgif {gon, Lkc{c gr

{an lnfj{a id kc{c gf mw{nr i} mg{r cfk ] gr {an kc{c }c{n id

{an lgf`& [ OCBCLL gr {i{cl {gon runf{ c{ {an OCB lcwn}&

[an bifr{cf{r c cfk m c}n uc}con{n}r zg{a tcl~nr

mn{znnf 5 cfk 3 zagba c}n ~rnk {i zngja{ [ OCBCLL& Mw

zngja{gfj [ OCBCLL bcf ctigk ogrh~kjonf{ id bifjnr{gifcr raizf gf dgj&=

Dgj& = [zi rbnfc}gir zg{a {an rcon itn}cll knlcw m~{ kgddn}nf{

OCB cfk {}cfrogrrgif knlcw k~n {i kgddn}nf{ kc{c/}c{nr cfk bifjnr{gif

lntnlr&

Gf BC]O, ri~}bn fikn m}ickbcr{r ]]NS ucb`n{r

zg{a NLKB cfk ZBK gfdi}oc{gif zanf g{ c{{nou{r {i

{}cfrog{ kc{c {i {an knr{gfc{gif& Gf{n}onkgc{n fiknr

biouc}n ri~}bn GK, ri~}bn rns~nfbn, cfk NLKB id {an

]]NS ucb`n{r {anw }nbngtn d}io fngjami}r, cfk k}iu {an

]]NS ucb`n{r zairn ri~}bn GK cfk ri~}bn rns~nfbnf~omn} c}n {an rcon zg{a {ac{ id i{an} ]]NS ucb`n{r

}nbngtnk nc}lgn} cfk NLKB gr lizn} {acf {an nc}lgn}

]]NS ucb`n{r‗& Iflw {an knr{gfc{gif fikn bcf }nruifkr

{i {an ]]NS ucb`n{r mw rnfkgfj ]]NU ucb`n{r mcb` {i

{an ri~}bn clifj {an }i~{n d}io zagba {anw bcon& [an

}i~{n gr nr{cmlgrank zanf {an dg}r{ ]]NU c}}gtnr c{ {an

ri~}bn& [an r~mrns~nf{ ]]NU ucb`n{r c}n bcbank di} {an

ruc}n }i~{nr& [an ~{glgxc{gif id {an bifjnr{gif on{}gb,

ZBK, gr tn}w runbgcl gf BC]O u}i{ibil& Mnbc~rn {an

u}gi}g{w id }i~{n ucb`n{r gr agjan} {acf kc{c ucb`n{r, {an

}i~{n ucb`n{r bcf mn di}zc}knk zg{ai~{ s~n~gfj& [ac{ gr,

{an bifjnr{gif lntnl gfdi}oc{gif gfan}nf{ gf s~n~gfj

knlcwr gr lir{& [an c~{ai} u}iuirnk c ]]NS/knlcw

rbanon& Cf ]]NS gr di}zc}knk zg{a c knlcw id {anZBK {ac{ gr bclb~lc{nk cbbi}kgfj {i {an ZBK

gfdi}oc{gif gf {an ]]NS c{ {an gf{n}onkgc{n fiknr& [an

lizn} {an bifjnr{gif lntnl id lgf` gr, {an roclln} {an

knlcw id ]]NS ucb`n{r c}n, {an nc}lgn} {an ]]NS

ucb`n{r c}}gtn c{ {an knr{gfc{gifr& [agr rbanon nfr~}nr

{ac{ {an ]]NS ucb`n{r id }i~{nr zg{a lizn} bifjnr{gif

lntnl c}}gtn c{ {an knr{gfc{gif dg}r{ cfk bifjnr{nk lgf`r

c}n nlgogfc{nk gf {an }i~{nr& [agr cll bc~rnr agja

itn}anck& Ri, itn}anck gf bcrn id BC]O gr tn}w agja&

N& Bifjnr{gif/Czc}n Kgr{cfbn Tnb{i} !BCKT'8

[an BCKT u}i{ibil gr mcrnk if u}icb{gtn u}i{ibil,

KRKT& Gf c kgr{cfbn tnb{i} }i~{gfj u}i{ibil, ntn}w air{ocgf{cgfr c }i~{gfj {cmln bif{cgfr c kgr{cfbnr d}io g{rnld

{i uirrgmln knr{gfc{gifr& C oimgln air{ gf ck /aib

fn{zi}` cb{r lg`n c rgfjln rn}tn} s~n~gfj rwr{no& Knlcw

gf rnfkgfj ucb`n{ gr }nlc{nk zg{a bifjnr{gif& Gf BCKT,

ncba nf{}w gr }nlc{nk zg{a knlcw nqunb{nk& [agr anlur {i

oncr~}n bifjnr{gif c{ {an fnq{ aiu& [an nqunb{nk knlcwgr biou~{nk dillizr8

∓

!3'Zan}n f gr {an f~omn} id rnf{ ucb`n{r $ L gr {an

lnfj{a id OCB lcwn} ucb`n{ s~n~n& N PK_ nr{goc{nr {an

{gon& C fnzlw c}}gtnk ucb`n{ acr {i zcg{ mndi}n g{ gr rnfki~{&Gf BCKT, }i~{gfj knbgrgif gr ockn mcrnk if

kgr{cfbn {i {an knr{gfc{gif cr znll cr {an nqunb{nk knlcw

c{ {an fnq{ aiu raiznk gf !3' BCKT jgtnr {an }i~{nr

zg{a liz nqunb{nk knlcw, agjan} u}gi}g{w& BCKT {}gnr {i

ctigk bifjnr{gif cfk {}gnr {i mclcfbn {}cddgb mw jgtgfj

u}gi}g{w {i c }i~{n actgfj liz nqunb{nk knlcw&

BCKT }i~{gfj u}i{ibil bifrgr{ id {a}nn biouifnf{r8

3' [}cddgb Oifg{i}8 G{ oifg{i}r {}cddgb jigfj i~{

{a}i~ja {an lgf` lcwn}& B~}}nf{lw g{ `nnur {}cb` id

ctn}cjn knlcw di} rnfkgfj ifn kc{c ucb`n{ gf }nbngu{

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ 3:=




un}gik id {gon& [gon un}gik gr runbgdgnk mw }i~{n

ocgf{cgfcfbn biouifnf{&=' [}cddgb Bif{}il8 G{ kn{n}ogfnr zagba ucb`n{ gr {an

fnq{ {i rnfk i} k}iu& G{ }nrbank~lnr ucb`n{r gd fnnknk& G{r~uui}{r c k}iu {cgl DGDI s~n~n cfk u}itgknr

d~fb{gifclg{w {i s~n~n ucb`n{r&

2' ]i~{n ocgf{cgfcfbn8 G{ gr {an ocgf biouifnf{& G{

un}di}or {an zi}` id nqbacfjgfj gfdi}oc{gif zg{afngjami}r, ntcl~c{gif cfk ocgf{cgfgfj }i~{nr& G{ ocfcjnr{an {}cddgb oifg{i} cfk {}cddgb bif{}il biouifnf{& BCKT

mn{{n} r~uui}{ di} SiR& [an }ncl {gon un}di}ocfbn id

BCKT gr jiik, cfk nfk {i nfk knlcw zcr rai}{& [anitn}anck id BCKT gr ~fcbbnu{cmln zanf {an fn{zi}` gr

lc}jn& [a}i~ja u~{ clri knb}ncrnr {an un}di}ocfbn id

BCKT gr ocw mn znll gf {an rocll $ r{nckw zg}nlnrr ck/

aib fn{zi}`&

D& Bifjnr{gif Czc}n }i~{gfj U}i{ibil !BC]U'

BC]U gr cf if/knocfk }i~{gfj u}i{ibil& G{ ~rnr

gfdi}oc{gif jc{an}nk d}io OCB lcwn} {i kgrbitn}bifjnr{gif d}nn }i~{nr& BC]U ~rnr biomgfnk zngja{

oc{}gq gf g{r r{cfkc}k bir{ d~fb{gif {i banb` di} {anbifjnr{gif lntnl& [an o~l{guln uc{ar c}n biou~{nk

k~}gfj {an }i~{n kgrbitn}w& Bclb~lc{n fikn zngja{ oc{}gq FO zagba crrgjf c bir{ {i ncba lgf` gf {an fn{zi}` cfkrnlnb{ ocqgo~o {a}i~jau~{ uc{ar&

FO ? !Ls ( K}c{n')!IA ocb ( Kctj'

3' ]i~{n }ns~nr{ 8 Bifrgkn} {an }i~{n

R/U3/U=/U2/K

[i gfg{gc{n bifjnr{gif/czc}n }i~{gfj kgrbitn}w, {an

ri~}bn fikn R rnfkr c ]]NS& Zanf {an gf{n}onkgc{n

fikn U3 }nbngtnr {an ]]NS ucb`n{, g{ dg}r{ nr{goc{nr cll{an fikn zngja{ on{}gbr&

[an fikn U3 {anf bclb~lc{nr g{r fikn zngja{ FOU3

]]NSU3 U=U= bclb~lc{nr FOU= cfk di}zc}k {an ]]NS ucb`n{

]]NSU= U2 Dgfcllw {an ]]NS }ncbanr {an knr{gfc{gif fikn K

zg{a {an r~o id fikn zngja{r ]]NSU2 K

=' ]i~{n ]nulw8 [an knr{gfc{gif fikn K

rnfkr {an }i~{n }nulw ucb`n{ ]]NU clifj zg{a {i{cl

fikn zngja{ {i {an goonkgc{n ~ur{}nco fikn U2

]]NSKU2

Fiz U2 bclb~lc{nr g{r bir{ B mcrnk if {angfdi}oc{gif d}io ]]NU cr

BU2? !FO u3+FO u=+FO u2'/!FO u3+FO u='

Mw u}ibnnkgfj gf {an rcon zcw, cll {an gf{n}onkgc{nair{r bclb~lc{n g{r bir{ &If }nbngtgfj {an ]]NU d}io cll{an }i~{nr, {an ri~}bn rnlnb{r {an }i~{n zg{a ogfgo~o

bir{ tcl~n&

GG& BIOUC]GRIFR

Bifjnr{gif gr c kiogfcf{ }ncrif di} ucb`n{ k}iur gfck aib fn{zi}`r&B]U rnfkr ucb`n{r if mi{a mwucrr

uc{ar cfk u}goc}w }i~{nr rgo~l{cfni~rlw& Ri, gfbiogfj

{}cddgb gr kgr{}gm~{nk if u}goc}w cfk mwucrr }i~{n

knunfkgfj if b~}}nf{ bifjnr{gif r{c{~r id fn{zi}`&Bifjnr{gif gr r~mrns~nf{lw mn{{n} }nriltnk &Gf NBC]U

rion uc}con{n}r id CIKT r~ba cr [[LYr{c}{,[[LYgfb}nonf{ c}n gfb}ncrnk& Ri, g{ nfr~}nr {an agja

ctcglcmglg{w id cl{n}fc{gtn }i~{nr cfk }nk~bnr {an }c{n id

m}i`nf }~{ }noitcl u}ibnrr& BCKT gr fi{ bifjnr{gif

ckcu{gtn& G{ iddn}r fi }nonkw zanf {an nqgr{gfj }i~{nmnbionr anctglw bifjnr{nk& Ri, BCKT gou}itnr CIKTgf knlgtn}w }c{gi iflw& [an }ncl {gon un}di}ocfbn id {an

BCKT gr jiik cfk {an Nfk/{i/Nfk knlcw gr rai}{& [an

kgrcktcf{cjn id {an BCKT gr {ac{ rgfbn, ncba fiknocgf{cgfr cll {an }i~{nr {i {an fiknr gf {an fn{zi}` cfk

bacfjnr {an }i~{n gfdi}oc{gif un}gikgbcllw, {an itn}anck

di} ocgf{cgfgfj {an }i~{gfj {cmlnr gr a~jn& [an itn}anck

id {an BCKT gr ~fcbbnu{cmln zanf {an fn{zi}` gr lc}jni} {an {iuilijw bacfjnr d}ns~nf{lw& [an {a}i~jau~{

knb}ncrnr rac}ulw c{ {an rcon {gon& Ri, BCKT ocwun}di}o znll gf {an rocll, r{nckw zg}nlnrr ck /aibfn{zi}`& Mw r{~kwgfj {an clji}g{aor id BC]O, BC]C

cfk BCKT g{ gr bifbl~kn {ac{ itn}anck id {an BC]Ocfk BCKT c}n agjan} {acf BC]C, {an knlcw id BCKT

gr rai}{n} {acf {an i{an} {zi&

GGG& BIFBL^RGIF

G{ gr blnc} d}io clji}g{aor ctcglcmln di} actgfj

ckcu{gtn ril~{gif di} bifjnr{gif gf {an fn{zi}` cr k~n {i

tcr{ ucw lick if fn{zi}`r, zagba ocw mn k~n {i dliikgfjid ucb`n{r i} ocw mn k~n {i }nunc{ }ns~nr{r if {an mcrgr

id n}}i} bi}}nb{gif {nbafgs~nr& Bifjnr{gif on{}gbr r{gll}nocgfr c j}nc{ bacllnfjn di} {an d~{~}n zi}`& G{ gr s~g{n

goui}{cf{ {i im{cgf cf iu{gocl cuu}icba {ac{ biomgfnr}nlc{nk uc}con{n}r billnb{nk d}io uawrgbcl lcwn}, OCB

lcwn} {i oncr~}n bifjnr{gif& Dgfcllw zn bcf bifbl~kn{ac{ bifjnr{gif gr {an u}imlno crribgc{nk zg{a {anfn{zi}` cfk acr {i mn bi~f{n}nk mw actgfj biou}iogrnk

ril~{gif }c{an} {acf nlgogfc{gif&

]NDN]NFBNR

P3_ K& M& Hiafrif, K& C& Ocl{x, “Kwfcogb ri~}bn }i~{gfj gf ck aib

zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`r,‟ Oimgln Biou~{gfj, uu& 3>2‒313, 3774&

P=_ Hira M}iba, Kctgk C& Ocl{x, Kctgk M& Hiafrif, Wga/Ba~f A~,

Hi}hn{c Hn{bantc& “C Un}di}ocfbn Biouc}grif id O~l{g/Aiu Zg}nlnrr

Ck Aib Fn{zi}` ]i~{gfj U}i{ibilr,‟ [an Di~}{a Cff~cl CBO)GNNN

Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Oimgln Biou~{gfj cfk Fn{zi}`gfj, uu& 3/32, 3771

P2_Banf, Q&, A& O& Hifnr, C &K &R& Hcwclc{a, “Bifjnr{gif/Czc}n

]i~{gfj U}i{ibil di} Oimgln Ck Aib Fn{zi}`r,‟ Tnagb~lc}[nbafilijw Bifdn}nfbn =55:, uu& =3/=>, =55:

P;_ R& ]cocfc{acf, O& N& R{nnfr{}~u, “C r~}tnw id }i~{gfj {nbafgs~nr

di} oimgln bioo~fgbc{gifr fn{zi}`r, oimgln fn{zi}`r cfk

cuulgbc{gifr,‟ Til& 3, uu& 71‒35;, 3774&P>_ B& N& Un}`gfr, “Ck aib if knocfk kgr{cfbn tnb{i} !CIKT'

}i~{gfj,‟ GND[ Gf{n}fn{ K}cd{, Fitnomn} 3771,

P4_ A& ]cjactnfk}c cfk K&C& [}cf, “Bifjnr{gif Ckcu{gtn ]i~{gfj gfCk Aib Fn{zi}`r !Rai}{ Tn}rgif',‟ U}ib& CBO Gf{‗l Bifd& Oimgln

Biou~{gfj cfk Fn{zi}`gfj !OIMGBIO', Ib{& =55;&

P:_ A& ]cjactnfk}c cfk K&C& [}cf, “Bifjnr{gif Ckcu{gtn ]i~{gfj gfCk Aib Fn{zi}`r‟ GNNN [}cfrcb{gifr if Uc}cllnl cfk Kgr{}gm~{nk

Rwr{nor, Til& 3:, Fi& 33, Fitnomn} =554&

P1_ K&C& [}cf cfk A& ]cjactnfk}c, “]i~{gfj zg{a Bifjnr{gif

Czc}nfnrr cfk Ckcu{gtg{w gf Oimgln Ck Aib Fn{zi}`r,‟ U}ib& GNNN

Zg}nlnrr Bioo& cfk Fn{zi}`gfj Bifd& !ZBFB', Oc}& =55>&





P7_ Qgcisgf Banf, Aclnw O& Hifnr cfk Hcwclc{a, -Bifjnr{gif/Czc}n

]i~{gfj U}i{ibil di} Oimgln Ck Aib Fn{zi}`r- GNNN 44{a

bifdn}nfbn

if Tnagbln [nbafilijw, uu&=3/=>, Ib{imn} =55>&P35_ R& H& Lnn cfk O& Jn}lc, “Kwfcogb lick/czc}n }i~{gfj gf ck aib

fn{zi}`r,‟ U}ibnnkgfjr GNNN Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if

Bioo~fgbc{gifr, uu& 2=54‒2=35, H~fn =553&P33_ [&J&Mcrct}ch~, R&@&Rc}`c}, B&U~{{cockcuuc, O&C&Jc~{aco,

“NBC]U8 Cf Nddgbgnf{ Bifjnr{gif Ckcu{gtn ]i~{gfj U}i{ibil di}

Oimgln Ck/aib Fn{zi}`r‟, G[R [nlnbioo~fgbc{gif U}ibbnkgfjr,

uu&:3>/:31, =554&P3=_ Z~ Zng, Xacfj Xaifjxaci, Rac Q~nh~f, Sgf Kcfwcfj “C R{~kw

id Bifjnr{gif/Czc}n ]i~{gfj U}i{ibilr Di} Zg}nlnrr Ck/Aib

Fn{zi}`‟&

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ 3:;






GRMF8 7:1/13/7=5>:>/:/4 88 kig8 35& :272>)GRMFY5:41CBO "8 kmn}&gon}c&35& :272>

Nqulig{gfj {an Mg{ N}}i} Kgtn}rg{w di} Nddgbgnf{ N}}i} Kn{nb{gif gf O~l{gaiu

Zg}nlnrr Fn{zi}`

Wcf{a~fjmnfg A~o{rin

UJ R{~knf{ ON Biou~{n} Knuc}{onf{

U~fn Gfr{g{~{n id Biou~{n} [nbafilijwU~fn, Gfkgc&

Cmr{}cb{‛ N}}i}r c}n gfan}nf{lw u}nrnf{ gf zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`,nqulig{gfj {an mg{ n}}i} kgtn}rg{w cfk bi}}nb{gfj {an n}}i} di}ucb`n{ {}cfrogrrgif gr fnbnrrc}w di} gou}itgfj {an{a}i~jau~{& Gf o~l{gaiu zg}nlnrr fn{zi}` zanf {}cfrogrrgif

jinr itn} o~l{guln aiur, n}}i} gfb}ncrnr zagba knj}cknr {anun}di}ocfbn id {an fn{zi}`& Tc}gi~r on{aikr cl}nckw nqgr{di} bif{}illgfj {an n}}i} {i gou}itn {an {a}i~jau~{& Rbc{{n}nk]cfkio fn{zi}` bikgfj nqulig{ {an ~rnd~lfnrr id }cfkiofn{zi}` bikgfj cfk blcrrgdw {an mlib` gf{i jiik !liz n}}i}u}imcmglg{w' cfk mck mlib` !agja n}}i} u}imcmglg{w'& Gf {agrucun} zn u}iuirnk c fnz cuu}icba di} bif{}illgfj {an n}}i}&U}iuirnk zi}` ~rnr {an bifbnu{ id di}zc}k n}}i} bi}}nb{gifdi} bi}}nb{gfj cfk bif{}illgfj {an n}}i} if {an mck mg{r,

34SCO gr ~rnk di} oik~lc{gif rwomil cfk rai}{nr{}nocgfgfj clji}g{ao gr ~rnk di} jgtgfj u}gi}g{w {i onrrcjnr&

@nwzi}kr/ O~l{gaiu, [a}i~jau~{, N}}i} bif{}il, mg{ n}}i}, N}}i} kn{nb{gif&

G& GF[]IK^B[GIF

Gf o~l{g/aiu zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`r, bioo~fgbc{gif

mn{znnf rnfkn} cfk }nbngtn} gr bc}}gnk i~{ {a}i~ja c rn}gnr

id gf{n}onkgc{n fiknr zairn d~fb{gif gr {i }nlcwgfdi}oc{gif d}io ifn fikn {i cfi{an}& Gf ~f}nlgcmln

zg}nlnrr bacffnl, n}}i}r c}n fc{~}cllw u}nrnf{& O~l{gaiu

zg}nlnrr fn{zi}` r~ddn} d}io liz {a}i~jau~{ cr n}}i}

gfb}ncrnr itn} o~l{guln aiur& G{ gr goui}{cf{ {i knrgjf cf

nddgbgnf{ {}cfrogrrgif cfk n}}i} bif{}il rbanonr {i

gou}itn {an {a}i~jau~{ gf o~l{gaiu zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`&Fn{zi}` bikgfj gr gf{}ik~bnk gf P3_ {i gou}itn {an

{a}i~jau~{ un}di}ocfbn& Gf fn{zi}` rwr{no, {an

gf{n}onkgc{n fikn rgoulw }nulgbc{n cfk di}zc}k {an

}nbngtnk gfdi}oc{gif {i {an knr{gfnk fikn ,zagln gf

fn{zi}` bikgfj ,{an gf{n}onkgc{n fikn biomgfn {an

gfdi}oc{gif }nbngtnk d}io kgddn}nf{ ri~}bnr cfk di}zc}k {i{an i~{u~{ fikn& Gf P=_ c fn{zi}` bikgfj cuu}icba {i

biiun}c{gtn kgtn}rg{w gr u}iuirnk, c rbnfc}gi gr bifrgkn}nk

gf zagba {zi uc}{fn}r biiun}c{n {i {}cfrog{ gfdi}oc{gif {ic rgfjln knr{gfc{gif& Mi{a {an uc}{fn} {}cfrog{ {ang} libcllw

jnfn}c{nk gfdi}oc{gif cfk {an uc}{fn} }nlcw gfdi}oc{gifzagba lnck {i cf nfbikgfj rbanon gf zagba {an cljnm}cgb

r~un}gouirg{gif id g{r libcl cfk }nlcw gfdi}oc{gif gr

{}cfrog{{nk mw ncba uc}{fn}& C{ {an knr{gfc{gif knbikgfj gr

kifn mw }nunc{gfj {an u}ibnrr mn{znnf {an biknzi}k d}io

{an {zi uc}{fn}r& Gf c bioo~fgbc{gif fn{zi}`, tc}gi~r

`gfk id n}}i} nqgr{r k~}gfj {an ucb`n{ {}cfrogrrgif& N}}i}rgfbl~kn ucb`n{ n}}i}, }cfkio n}}i} cfk ri if& Fn{zi}`

n}}i} bi}}nb{gif bikgfj !FNB' gr gf{}ik~bnk gf P2_ {i knclzg{a {anrn n}}i}r& Nc}lgn} zi}` if fn{zi}` bikgfj ocgflw

dib~r if o~l{gbcr{, gf P;_ Fn{zi}` bikgfj acr mnnf cuulgnk

gf o~l{gaiu zg}nlnrr fn{zi}` {i {c`n cktcf{cjn id {ano~l{guln }i~{nr d}io rnfkn} {i }nbngtn} gf ~fgbcr{ dlizr&

[an =F/SCO !S~ck}c{~}n Coulg{~kn Oik~lc{gif'

oik~lc{nk rwomil bifrgr{r id F/mg{r& Di} {an =F/SCO

zg{a F lc}jn} {acf =!nj&1SCO !UR@', 34SCO, 4;SCO,

=>4SCO․' {an }nlgcmglg{gnr id {an mg{r J}cw/ocuunk if{i

{an oik~lc{nk rwomil gr kgddn}nf{&34SCO bif{cgfr ;mg{rcfk 4;SCO bif{cgfr 4mg{r&

GG& ]NLC[NK ZI]@

]cfkio fn{zi}` bikgfj P>_ gr c {nbafgs~n di}

rbc{{n}gfj gfdi}oc{gif gf c bioo~fgbc{gif fn{zi}`, g{ gr

u}ifn {i n}}i}r& [an c{{cbaonf{ id ntnf c rgfjln bi}}~u{nk

ucb`n{ zgll cddnb{ cll {an gfdi}oc{gif }nbngtnr0 {an}ndi}nn}}i} bif{}il gr id j}nc{ gf{n}nr{ gf }cfkio fn{zi}` bikgfj&

Cr ocfw u}imlno ibb~} di} n}}i} bif{}il gf }cfkio

fn{zi}` bikgfj, gf P4_ {an u}imlno id n}}i} bif{}il gr

bifrgkn}nk cfk {an nqu}nrrgif id {an n}}i} bif{}il u}imlno

gr jgtnf gf {n}or id }cf` on{}gb biknr& Nddgbgnf{ Fn{zi}`

bikgfj mcrnk }nlgcmln o~l{gbcr{ gr gf{}ik~bnk gf P:_& Gf P1_{an c~{ai} nqcogfnr {an n}}i} bif{}il u}imlno gf

fifbian}nf{ }cfkio fn{zi}` bikgfj& Gf fn{zi}` bikgfj,

n}}i} bif{}il gr cf goui}{cf{ u}imlno rgfbn {anw c}n agjalw

gou}nrrgifcmln {i ucb`n{ n}}i}& Gf P7_ cf n}}i} bif{}il bikn

gf ]cfkio Fn{zi}` bikgfj acr mnnf gf{}ik~bnk& [an]cfkio fn{zi}` bikgfj acr c u}iun}{w bcllnk }c{nlnrr gf

zagba {an ucb`n{ c}n nfbiknk cr c lgfnc} biomgfc{gif id {an i}gjgfcl ucb`n{ cfk cll {an gfknunfknf{ ucb`n{ c}n

~rnd~l& C }nbngtn} billnb{ ntn}w kc{c !bi}}nb{ mlib`' {ac{ g{

}nbngtn zg{ai~{ knrb}gmgfj zagba mlib` gr d}io zagba

ri~}bn, ifbn g{ }nbngtn cll {an mlib`r, {an i}gjgfcl kc{c

mlib`r bcf mn bi}}nb{lw }nbifr{}~b{nk& Gf {agr rnfrn,}cfkio fn{zi}` bikgfj bcf mn bifrgkn}nk cr c }c{nlnrr

bikn& Zanf }cfkio fn{zi}` bikgfj

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ 3:>




gr cuulgnk {i o~l{gaiu zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`r, {an rnfkn}

nfbiknr {an kc{c cfk {}cfrog{r {an biknk mlib`r {i {an

}nlcw, zagba zgll di}zc}k {an kc{c {i {an nfk }nbngtn}&

GfP35_K}gxxln gr u}iuirnk {i rnn zan{an} fn{zi}` bikgfj

zgll mn r{gll ~rnk gf o~l{gbacffnl zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`r cfk g{

gr c fnz ril~{gif {i ocqgogxn {an {a}i~jau~{ gf {anu}nrnfbn id n}}i}r& Gf P33_ c rgjfcl bifr{nllc{gif

}nc}}cfjnonf{ di} AC]S gr u}nrnf{nk zan}n di}

}n{}cfrogrrgif rwomil ocuugfj gr ~rnk cfk c{ {an }nbngtn}

mndi}n knoik~lc{gif rgjfcl biomgfc{gif gr goulnonf{nk

cfk {anf {an biomgfnk rgjfcl gr knoik~lc{nk& Gf P3=_ cfitnl clji}g{ao di} rnc}bagfj AC]S zg{a bifr{nllc{gif

}nc}}cfjnonf{ gr u}iuirnk& Gf zg}nlnrr bioo~fgbc{gif k~n

{i ~f}nlgcmln zg}nlnrr bacffnlr }n{}cfrogrrgif gr kifn {i

}noitn {an n}}i}r& Rbc{{n}nk ]cfkio Fn{zi}` bikgfj !R/

]FB' gr gf{}ik~bnk gf P32_ {i gou}itn {an {a}i~jau~{, g{ gr

knrgjfnk {i nqcogfn {an mnfndg{ u}itgknk mw {an }cfkio

fn{zi}` bikgfj&

GGG& U]IUIRNK ZI]@ P32_ Gf{}ik~bnr mg{ n}}i} kgtn}rg{w cfk u}iuirnr

Rbc{{n}nk ]cfkio Fn{zi}` Bikgfj !R/]FB' {i nqulig{

{agr kgtn}rg{w {i gou}itn {an {a}i~jau~{ di} o~l{gaiu

zg}nlnrr bioo~fgbc{gif& Aizntn}, R/]FB }nlgnr if

}cfkio fn{zi}` bikgfj cfk mlib` kgddn}nf{gc{gif !ncba

mlib` o~r{ actn c u}gi}g{w'& R/]FB bcf mn nq{nfknk cfk

jnfn}clgxnk {i }noitn {anrn {zi }nr{}gb{gifr& Zn u}iuirn{i ki ri ~fkn} {zi kgddn}nf{ anckr/

3& R{}ifjn} N}}i} Bi}}nb{gif di} emck* mg{r&=& Knbgkgfj zagba mg{r ji {i {an ejiik* mg{r&

[i gou}itn {an {a}i~jau~{ zn bifrgkn} c fnz cuu}icba

di} bif{}illgfj {an n}}i}r& Gf {agr cuu}icba, R{}ifj n}}i}

bi}}nb{gif zgll mn u}itgknk {i {an mck mg{r cr {anw actn cagja u}imcmglg{w id n}}i}& [agr zgll nfr~}n fi{ iflw n}}i}

}nrglgnfbn, m~{ clri }nk~bnk bikgfj itn}anck& DNB

!di}zc}k n}}i} bi}}nb{gif' gr cuulgnk if {an mck mg{ di}

bif{}illgfj {an n}}i}r& C rbank~lgfj clji}g{ao gr u}iuirnk

{ac{ rbank~lnr {an mlib` ri cr {i ocqgogxn {an {a}i~jau~{id {an rwr{no& Zn baiirn {an rai}{nr{ }nocgfgfj onrrcjn

!R]O' clji}g{ao ri {an onrrcjn zg{a {an rai}{nr{ lnfj{a

zgll actn {an agjanr{ u}gi}g{w&[an onrrcjn zg{a rai}{nr{lnfj{a zgll mn u~{ if {an jiik mlib` cfk lifjnr{ lnfj{a c}n

u~{ if mck mlib` &Gf i}kn} {i ctigk gfkndgfg{n zcg{gfj di}

lifj onrrcjnr R]O zg{a cjngfj gr ckiu{nk cr {an ucb`n{

j}izr ilkn} {ang} u}gi}g{w gfb}ncrnr cfk di} {agr cf cjn ‑c‗

gr cuunfknk {i cll {an onrrcjnr !cjn gr ~rnk iflw mwrbank~ln} cfk gr fntn} {}cfrog{{nk'&Gfg{gcllw cjn c}n rn{ {i 3,

ri !O ? p!o3, c3 ? 3', !o=, c= ? 3',!o2, c2 ? 3', ․&' cfk g{

gr gfb}nonf{nk ntn}w {gon zanf {an u}gi}g{w d~fb{gif gr

bcllnk& Clri, Rai}{nr{ ]nocgfgfj onrrcjn clji}g{ao gr~rnk zagba jgtnr u}gi}g{w {i {an onrrcjn zg{a {an rai}{nr{

lnfj{a zg{a {an aiun {ac{ onrrcjn bcf mn rnf{ {i {an}nbngtn} s~gb`lw zg{a lnrr f~omn} id n}}i}r&

O gr c rn{ id onrrcjnr {ac{ gr

O ? pog | og ∁ O, ∅g&

Ncba onrrcjn !og' bifrgr{r id ifn i} oi}n mg{r& Zn bcf

}nu}nrnf{ og cr c }nj~lc} nqu}nrrgif cr,

og ? !5|3'di} cll g&

Ncba onrrcjn gr biouirnk id rntn}cl mlib`r& Gd {an}n

c}n fg mlib`r gf onrrcjn og {anf

og ? Pmg3 mg= mg2․․ mgf_&Ulcbn {anrn mlib`r gf mlib` s~n~n !MS'&[a~r,

MS?MS ∨ mgh ∅ g, 3≫ h≫ fgh

Di}zc}k n}}i} bi}}nb{gif !DNB' gr ~rnk {i bif{}il n}}i}if mck mg{r& Rgfbn zn c}n ~rgfj 34SCO, {an }nulgbc{gif

DNB

di} 34SCO gr, !Pmg․&m h _ biftn}{nk {i Pmg․&&m=h_'&

Gf 34SCO ncba mlib` gr biouirnk id ;mg{r,

m` ?P m`3 m`= m`2 m`;_,

{an bikn zi}k zgll mn/

B?33 3= 32 3;

=3 == =2 =;

b b b b

b b b b

?3 = 3 =

2 ; 2 ;

` ` ` `

` ` ` `

m m m m

m m m m

[i ulcbn {an jiik i} mck mg{r gf {ang} cuu}iu}gc{nuirg{gif

Jiik oc{}gq !JO' cfk mck oc{}gq !MO'c}n ~rnk& [an

jiik mg{r cfk mck mg{r c}n ogqnk {ijn{an} di} {}cfrogrrgif&

Cr

#4SCO gr ~rnk ;mg{r un} rwomil bcf mn rnfk c{ c {gon

cfk {an jiik cfk mck mg{r c}n ogqnk {ijn{an} gf {anrn;mg{r&[an bikn zi}k zgll mn/

B? !mj' JO + ! mm' MO

[an clji}g{ao mnjgfr zanf g{ }nbngtnr c rn{ id

onrrcjnr O {ac{ c}n {i mn {}cfrog{{nk d}io {an fn{zi}`

lcwn}& Ncba onrrcjn gf O gr uc}{g{gifnk gf{i ;/mg{ mlib`rrgfbn 34SCO gr ~rnk cr oik~lc{gif rwomil& [anrn mlib`r

c}n cuunfknk {i MS& oj!lizn} tcl~n gfkgbc{n agjan}

u}gi}g{w' cfk om!agjan} tcl~n gfkgbc{n lizn} u}gi}g{w' c}nrnlnb{nk d}io coifj {an onrrcjnr gf O & G{ gr uirrgmln {ac{

{an}n gr iflw ifn onrrcjn gf O i} cll onrrcjnr actn {an

rcon u}gi}g{w !lnfj{a'& Gf i}kn} {i nqulig{ mg{ n}}i}

kgtn}rg{w {i gfb}ncrn {a}i~jau~{, zn fnnk c{ lncr{ {zionrrcjn zg{a kgddn}nf{ u}gi}g{gnr &Anfbn, gd oj ? om , zn

{}cfrog{ {an }nocgfgfj mlib`r zg{ai~{ cfw d~}{an}

u}ibnrrgfj& Gf {an i{an} bcrn, zn oitn {i {an fnq{ r{nu& Gf

{an fnq{ r{nu, zn jnfn}c{n {an rn{r JM !jiik mlib`' cfk

MM !mck mlib`'&DNB gr c dlcj {ac{ gfkgbc{nk zan{an} {an]nulgbc{gif DNB gr {i mn cuulgnk& Zn gfg{gclgxn g{ {i e{}~n*&

Gf u}nuc}c{gif di} ulcbgfj {an jiik)mck mlib`r gf {an

jiik)mck uirg{gif, zn rnlnb{ {an dg}r{ mlib` d}io JM cfk

knfi{n g{ mw mj& [an fnq{ r{nu gr {an ]nulgbc{gif DNB!di}zc}k n}}i} bi}}nb{gif'& Zn rnlnb{ {an dg}r{ mlib` d}io

MM !knfi{nk cr mm'& Dgfcllw, zn c}n }nckw {i ulcbn {an

mlib`r gf {an }gja{ uirg{gif& Cr mj acr mnnf {}cfrog{{nk, znbcf fiz }noitn g{ d}io MS& Cd{n} }noitcl id cfw mlib`

d}io MS, zn o~r{ banb` zan{an} MS gr nou{w !r{iuugfj

bifkg{gif' i} gd {an}n gr iflw ifn mlib` gf MS !{}gtgcl

bcrn'&Zn clri }noitn mj d}io JM& Cr JM bif{cgfr cll {anmlib`r id {an onrrcjn oj, cf nou{w JM gfkgbc{nr {ac{ {an

nf{g}n onrrcjn acr mnnf {}cfrog{{nk& Anfbn, zn }noitn oj





d}io O& Cr MS gr fi{ nou{w, m~{ JM gr nou{w, zn fnnk {i

dgll {an fnq{ onrrcjn gf oj& Zn ki {agr gf {an fnq{ {zi r~m

r{nur& Cr mndi}n, zn banb` gd {an}n gr iflw ifn onrrcjn i}

{an u}gi}g{w id cll {an onrrcjnr c}n {an rcon& Fiz zn

u}ibnnk {i mm& Gd DNB gr {}~n zn rai~lk fi{ un}di}o DNB gf

{an fnq{ g{n}c{gif !gfr{nck zn rai~lk ~rn m='& Gd DNB gr dclrn,zn actn {}cfrog{{nk mi{a m3 cfk m=& Anfbn, zn }noitn mm

d}io MS cfk MM& [an }ncrifgfj gr rcon cr {ac{ ~rnk di}

}noitgfj mj d}io MS cfk JM& [an u}ibnrr zgll bif{gf~n

~f{gl {an nf{g}n onrrcjnr c}n mngfj {}cfrog{{nk&

Clji}g{ao8 Gfu~{8 Rn{ id onrrcjnr !O'

I~{u~{8 [}cfrogrrgif id onrrcjn&

3& Uc}{g{gif {an onrrcjn gf O gf{i mlib`r&

=& Cuunfk ncba mlib` {i MS

2&!c'Rnlnb{ oj r~ba {ac{ u}gi}g{w!oj' ?

ogfpu}gi}g{w!og' ∅g

!m'Rnlnb{ om r~ba {ac{ u}gi}g{w !om' ? ocq pu}gi}g{w

!og'∅g

;& gd !oj ?? om' p{}cfrog{!MS' cfk }n{~}f

>& !c' JM ? pm | !m ∁ MS' cfk !m Ͼ oj'

!m' MM ? pm | !m ∁ MS' cfk !m Ͼ om'

4& DNB ? {}~n:& Rnlnb{ dg}r{ mlib` gf JM8 mj !rcw'

1& gd !DNB ?? {}~n'

!c' Rnlnb{ dg}r{ mlib` gf MM8 mm !rcw'!m' Kndgfn m3 cfk m= cr dillizr/

3

=

m

m

?3 = 3 =

2 ; 2 ;

` ` ` `

` ` ` `

m m m m

m m m m

7& B ? mj Ú JO + m3 Ú MO

35& [}cfrog{ B

33& ]noitn mj d}io MS

3=& &!c'gd !lnfj{a!MS??5'p}n{~}f

!m'nlrn gd !lnfj{a!MS'??3'p[}cfrog{!MS' cfk

}n{~}f32& ]noitn mj d}io JM

3;& gd !lnfj{a!JM??5'

!c' ]noitn oj d}io O

!m' Rnlnb{ oj r~ba {ac{ u}gi}g{w !oj' ?ogfpu}gi}g{w!og'

∅g

!b' JM?pm |!m ∁ MS' cfk !m ∁ oj'!k' Gd !oj ?? om' p{}cfrog{ !MS' cfk }n{~}f

3>& gd !DNB ?? {}~n'!c' DNB ? dclrn!m' m3 ? m=

34& nlrn

!c' DNB ? {}~n

!m' ]noitn mm d}io MS

!b' Gd !lnfj{a !MS' ?? 5' p}n{~}f

!k'Nlrn gd!lnfj{a!MS'??3'p{}cfrog{ !MS' cfk

}n{~}f

!n' ]noitn mm d}io MM

!d' Gd !lnfj{a!MM'?? 5'

g& }noitn om d}io Ogg& Rnlnb{ om r~ba {ac{ u}gi}g{w !om' ? ocq

pu}gi}g{w

!og' ∅g

ggg& MM ? pm | !m ∁ MS' cfk !m ∁ om'

3:& ji {i :

GT & BIFBL^RGIF

Gf {agr ucun}, zn actn u}itgknk c }ntgnz di} {an }ncrifrid uii} {a}i~jau~{ gf o~l{gaiu zg}nlnrr fn{zi}`& N}}i}bif{}il rbanon acr mnnf gf{}ik~bnk di} }cfkio fn{zi}` bikgfj& Rbc{{n}nk }cfkio fn{zi}` bikgfj }nlgnr if }cfkiofn{zi}` bikgfj cfk {anw u~{ {an mg{r id ikk f~omn} mlib`rgf jiik mg{ uirg{gif cfk ntnf f~omn} mlib`r gf mck mg{

uirg{gif& Zanf {}cfrogrrgif jinr itn} o~l{guln aiur {anikk f~omn} mlib`r c}n u}i{nb{nk d}io jn{{gfj n}}i} zagln{an ntnf f~omn} mlib`r zgll jn{ kg}{gn}& Zn bcf gou}itn {anun}di}ocfbn if {an nqgr{gfj rwr{no mw goulnonf{gfj cr{}ifj n}}i} bif{}il rbanon& [i gou}itn {an {a}i~jau~{,Zn actn u}iuirnk c fnz cuu}icba mw u}itgkgfj r{}ifjn}}i} bi}}nb{gif if {an mck mg{r cr {anw actn c agjau}imcmglg{w id n}}i}&DNB !di}zc}k n}}i} bi}}nb{gif' grcuulgnk if {an mck mg{r di} n}}i} bi}}nb{gif cfk rai}{nr{}nocgfgfj onrrcjn !R]O' clji}g{ao gr clri ~rnk {i jgtnu}gi}g{w {i {an onrrcjn zg{a {an rai}{nr{ lnfj{a zg{a {anaiun {ac{ onrrcjn zgll mn knlgtn}nk {i {an }nbngtn} s~gb`lwcfk {i ctigk gfkndgfg{n zcg{gfj {gon R]O zg{a cjngfj grclri ckiu{nk&

]NDN]NFBNR

P3_ ]& Calrznkn, F& Bcg, R& ]& Lg, cfk ]& Z& Wn~fj, “Fn{zi}`

gfdi}oc{gif dliz,‟ GNNN [}cfr& Gfd& [ani}w, til& ;4, fi& ;, uu&3=5;‒3=34,H~l& =555&

P=_ L& Qgci, [& D~hc, H& @lgnzn}, cfk K& Bir{nlli, “C fn{zi}` bikgfj

cuu}icba {i biiun}c{gtn kgtn}rg{w,‟ GNNN [}cfr& Gfd& [ani}w, til& >2,fi& 35,uu& 2:3;‒2:==, Ib{& =55:&

P2_ X&Xacfj,‟[ani}w cfk cuulgbc{gif id fn{zi}` n}}i} bi}}nb{gif

bikgfj,‟ u}ibnnkgfj id {an GNNN, til&77, uu&;54/;=5, =533&

P;_ R& @c{{g, A& ]ca~l, Z& A~, K& @c{cmg, O& Onkc}k, cfk H& B}izb}id{,

“QI]r gf {an cg}8 U}cb{gbcl zg}nlnrr fn{zi}` bikgfj,‟ gf U}ib& CBO

RGJBIOO , =554&

P>_ [& Ai, O& Onkc}k, ]& @in{{n}, K& @c}jn}, O& Ndd}ir, H& Rag, cfk M&

Lnifj,“C }cfkio lgfnc} fn{zi}` bikgfj cuu}icba {i o~l{gbcr{,‟ GNNN [}cfr& Gfd&[ani}w , til& >=, fi& 35, uu& ;;32‒;;25, Ib{& =554&

P4_ K& Rgltc, D& @rbagrbacfj, cfk ]& @in{{n}, “C }cf`/on{}gb cuu}icba

{i n}}i} bif{}il gf }cfkio fn{zi}` bikgfj,‟ GNNN [}cfr& Gfd&

[ani}w, til& >;,fi& 7, uu& 27>3‒274:,Rnu =551&

P:_ @&Bag, Q&Hgcfj, M&Wn, A&W&Razn, cfk R&Ai}gj~bag, “Nddgbgnf{

Fn{zi}` bikgfj/Mcrnk Nfk/{i/Nfk ]nlgcmln O~l{gbcr{ gf O~l{g/aiuZg}nlnrr Fn{zi}`,‟U}ibnnkgfj id {an 3>

{aCrgc/Ucbgdgb Bifdn}nfbn

if bioo~fgbc{gif!CUBB=557', =557

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ 3::




P1_ ]& @in{{n}, D& ]& @rbagrbacfj,‟Bikgfj di} n}}i}r cfk n}cr~}nr gf

]cfkio Fn{zi}` Bikgfj,‟ GNNN [}cfr& Gfd& [ani}w, til& >;,fi&1,uu& 2>:7‒2>73, C~j& =551&

P7_ ]&Calrznkn cfk A&Cwkgfgcf,‟If n}}i} bif{}il biknr di} ]cfkioFn{zi}` bikgfj,‟ Zi}`raiu if Fn{zi}` Bikgfj, {ani}w cfk

Cuulgbc{gifr , =557&

P35_ ]&W&@go,H&Hgf cfk M&Lg,‟K}gxxln8Biiun}c{gtn rwomil/lntnl Fn{zi}` Bikgfj gf ZgOCQ,‟ GNNN [}cfr&tna&[nbafil&,til&>7,

fi&2,uu&3;3>/ 3;2=,Oc}&=535&

P33_ X& Xaci, L& Xai~, Q& Xanfj, cfk R&/N& Uc}`, “Nfacfbnkbifr{nllc{gif }nc}}cfjnonf{ di} ac}s zg{a rwomil biomgfgfj,‟ gf

U}ib& GNNN OZR, H~l& =557, uu& 33‒3>&

P3=_ O&L& Hgc, H&O& @~cfj, cfk X&Z& An, “Nfacfbnk AC]S nouliwgfjLKUB biknk bifr{nllc{gif }nc}}cfjnonf{ zg{a 4;SCO,‟ gf

U}ib&Gf{&Bifd&Bioo~f&[nbafil&,=554, uu& 3‒;&

P32_ ]&W& @go, H& Hgf, M& Lg,‟ Rbc{{n}nk ]cfkio Fn{zi}` Bikgfj di}Nddgbgnf{ [}cfrogrrgif gf O~l{gaiuZg}nlnrr Fn{zi}`,‟GNNN

[}cfr&if Tnagb~lc} [nba&, til&45, =533&





Uc}{ ‒ GGG



GBBC ‑3=

Til~on ;





Nr{cmlgragfj {an ]nlc{gifragu mn{znnf B~r{ion} ]nlc{gifragu

Ocfcjnonf{ cfk N/ M~rgfnrr

Ocf~ Baiu}c]nrnc}ba Rbailc}

Rgfjacfgc fgtn}rg{w, ]chcr{acf

Cmr{}cb{/ B~r{ion} }nlc{gifragu ocfcjnonf{ !B]O' gr

clri `fizf cr }nlc{gifragu oc}`n{gfj i} b~r{ion}

ocfcjnonf{& [an jicl id B]O gr {i cgk i}jcfgxc{gifr

gf mn{{n} ~fkn}r{cfkgfj ncba b~r{ion}‗r tcl~n {i {an

bioucfw& B]O gr c tn}w goui}{cf{ m~rgfnrr gfg{gc{gtn

mnbc~rn k~}gfj {gonr id nbifiogb kgrlibc{gif, b~r{ion}

}n{nf{gif }nunc{cmln }ntnf~n gr c oc{{n} id r~}tgtcl&

B]O gr {an on{aik {ac{ m~rgfnrrnr actn {i kncl zg{a

{an fnzlw ogf{nk b~r{ion} nbifiow&Fiz/c/kcwr, B]O gr non}jgfj cr B]O n/M~rgfnrr& N/

M~rgfnrr gr c {n}o {ac{ gr mcrgbcllw ~rnk {i knrb}gmn c

m~rgfnrr {ac{ }~fr if {an gf{n}fn{ cfk {ac{ oc`nr ~rn id

{an nqgr{gfj gf{n}fn{ {nbafilijgnr {i gfb}ncrn {an

u}idg{cmglg{w cfk nddgbgnfbw id {an m~rgfnrr& [an fnnk di}

B]O n/M~rgfnrr ril~{gif acr mnnf d~nllnk cr u}ik~b{r

actn mnbion oi}n biooikg{gxnk cfk {an f~omn} id

bioun{g{i}r acr ric}nk zg{a u}gbgfj kgddn}nfbnr jn{{gfj

fc}}izn}& Cll {agr acr ulcbnk goonfrn u}nrr~}n if {an

bioucfw cfk i}jcfgxc{gifr c}n dcr{ }nclgxgfj {ac{ {anw

fnnk {i cbagntn b~r{ion} rc{grdcb{gif gd {anw zcf{ {ang}

u}idg{r {i }grn&

Gf {agr ucun} zn zgll {}w {i nr{cmlgra c }nlc{gifragu

mn{znnf {an B]O cfk {an N/ulc{di}o& B]O, knrug{n

mngfj ifn id {an oir{ u}idg{cmln b~r{ion} r{}c{njgnr,r{gll g{ acr rion dcgl~}nr& [an oir{ goui}{cf{ crunb{ id

B]O u}imlnor gr g{r nqbnllnf{ cmglg{w {i cbagntn

b~r{ion} }n{nf{gif m~{ g{r dcgl~}n {i ki ri& [agr gr

gfkg}nb{lw }nruifrgmln di} B]O billcurn& Zac{ cb{~cllw

gr B]O dcgl~}n cfk zaw kinr g{ ibb~}9 Jnfn}cllw ifn id

{an }ncrifr di} {agr dcgl~}n gr mnbc~rn oir{

i}jcfgxc{gifr {ac{ cb{~cllw nouliw B]O, nqun}gnfbn c

li{ id bifd~rgif cmi~{ g{r c{{}gm~{nr cfk zac{ g{ }ncllw gr&

Rion zi~lk kndgfn g{ cr c m~rgfnrr r{}c{njw zagln i{an}r

tgnz g{ cr rion{agfj {i ki zg{a {nbafilijw&

@nwzi}kr8 B]O, N/Bioon}bn, N/ulc{di}o&

G& GF[]IK^B[GIFCr zn cll `fiz {agr gr {an zi}lk zan}n ntn}wgfk~r{}gnr mi~fkc}w c}n fi{ bifdgfnk {i {an mi~fkc}wid {an gfk~r{}gnr& [anrn c}n nq{nfknk knnu gf {anb~r{ion}& [agr ln{ {i {an }grgfj id {an bifbnu{ bcllnkB~r{ion} ]nlc{gifragu Ocfcjnonf{0 Mcrgbcllw {an


Til~on 3& Biuw}gja{ § =53= [nbafi Di}~o J}i~u,

Gfkgc&

GRMF8 7:1/13/7=5>:>/:/488 kig8 35&

:25:;)GRMFY5:41

CBO "8 kmn}&gon}c&35& :25:;

fnnk {i `nnu gf {i~ba zg{a {an b~r{ion} gfb}ncrnr{an rgjfgdgbcf{ id {an B]O rid{zc}n& Fiz c kcw {an}ngr fi bioucfgnr zagba lg`n {i b}nc{n c j}nc{}nlc{gifragu zg{a {an b~r{ion}& [an fnnk id {anbioucfw di} r~ba {wun id }nlc{gifragu gfb}ncrnr {anb~r{ion} rc{grdcb{gif {ac{ gfk~r{}w i} bioucfw gr

{agf`gfj di} {ano&

GG& B^R[ION] ]NLC[GIFRAGUOCFCJNONF[

[an ri bcllnk {wugbcl b~r{ion} fi lifjn} nqgr{r,cfk bioucfgnr actn mnnf lnc}fgfj {agr lnrrif {anac}k zcw& ^f{gl tn}w }nbnf{lw, m~rgfnrr zcr oi}nbifbn}fnk cmi~{ {an “zac{‗r‟ {anf cmi~{ {an“zai‗r‟& Gf i{an} zi}kr, bioucfgnr zn}n di~fk crrnllgfj cr ocfw u}ik~b{r cfk rn}tgbnr cr uirrgmln,zg{ai~{ }njc}k {i zai zcr m~wgfj {ano& Oir{bi}ui}c{gifr blgfj {i {agr u}ik~b{ bnf{}gb tgnz ntnf{ikcw, mcrgfj {ang} i}jcfgxc{gifcl r{}~b{~}n cfk

biounfrc{gif ulcfr if {an u}ik~b{r {anw rnll, fi{ {anb~r{ion} zai m~w& Fizckcwr {an bioun{g{gif gr h~r{ c oi~rn blgb`

czcw& Nomc{{lnk bioucfgnr c}n rli~bagfj {izc}kr{an }nclgxc{gif {ac{ zg{ai~{ b~r{ion}r, u}ik~b{r kif‗{rnll cfk rn}tgbnr kif‗{ oc{n}gclgxn& [anw actn mnnfdi}bnk {i mnbion roc}{n} cmi~{ rnllgfj, cfk {agroncfr mnbiogfj roc}{n} cmi~{ zai‗r m~wgfj,bioucfgnr c}n }nckgfj {an bioun{g{gtn z}g{gfj if {anzcll lii`gfj {an {nbafilijw di} c lnj ~u& [agr,biomgfnk zg{a {an id{ s~i{nk dcb{igk {ac{ g{ bir{r cbioucfw rgq {gonr oi}n {i rnll c u}ik~b{ {i c fnzb~r{ion} {anf g{ kinr {i rnll {i cf nqgr{gfj ifn ‒ {anilk “mg}k gf {an acfk‟ {a~r biogfj {i }iir{ acroi{gtc{nk m~rgfnrr {i {}w {i ocqgogxn nqgr{gfjb~r{ion} }nlc{gifragu cfk {an ocgf zcw {i rs~nnxnntn}w k}iu id tcl~n d}io nqgr{gfj b~r{ion} gr {i`fiz zai {an mnr{ b~r{ion}r c}n oi{gtc{n {ano {ir{cw {ac{ zcw& Gfknnk c jiik r{c}{n} kndgfg{gif id b~r{ion} }nlc{gifragu ocfcjnonf{ gr8

“[an gfd}cr{}~b{~}n {ac{ nfcmlnr {an knlgfnc{gif id cfk gfb}ncrn gf b~r{ion} tcl~n, cfk {an bi}}nb{ oncfr

mw zagba {i oi{gtc{n tcl~cmln b~r{ion}r {i }nocgfliwcl/gfknnk, {i m~w cjcgf‟&

B]O gr {an rncolnrr bi/i}kgfc{gif mn{znnf rclnrb~r{ion} rn}tgbn, oc}`n{gfj dgnlk r~uui}{ cfk i{an}





b~r{ion} {i~bagfj d~fb{gifr& G{ gf{nj}c{nr uniuln, u}ibnrr cfk {nbafilijw {i ocqgogxn }nlc{gifraguzg{a cll b~r{ion}r cfk r~uulgn}r& B]O }nr~l{r gf c

f~omn} id mnfndg{r {i cf i}jcfgxc{gif lg`n gfb}ncrnkoc}jgfr gou}itnk b~r{ion} rc{grdcb{gif }c{gfjr cfkknb}ncrnk ckogfgr{}c{gtn bir{r& [an jicl id B]O gr{i cgk i}jcfgxc{gifr gf mn{{n} ~fkn}r{cfkgfj ncbab~r{ion}‗r tcl~n {i {an bioucfw, zagln gou}itgfj{an nddgbgnfbw cfk nddnb{gtnfnrr id bioo~fgbc{gif&B]O bcu{~}nr, cfclwrgr, cfk kgr{}gm~{nr cll }nlntcf{kc{c d}io b~r{ion}r cfk u}irunb{ gf{n}cb{gifr {intn}wifn gf {an i}jcfgxc{gifr& B]O nouacrgxnkb~r{ion} cbs~grg{gif cfk gr }nbijfgxnk cr ifn id {anoir{ tgcmln {iilr ~rnk {i d~{~}n c bioucfw‗r r~bbnrrgf {an agjalw bioun{g{gtn m~rgfnrr zi}lk&

[an}n c}n {a}nn ochi} c}ncr {ac{ dib~r ifb~r{ion} rc{grdcb{gif, rclnr, oc}`n{gfj cfk rn}tgbnr&[an d~fb{gifclg{w id cfk mn{znnf {anrn {a}nn dgnlkr grnrrnf{gcl {i r~bbnrrd~llw biffnb{gfj c bioucfw‗rd}if{ cfk mcb` iddgbnr {i dcbglg{c{n nddnb{gtn,nf{n}u}grn zgkn bii}kgfc{gif& [an u}idnrrgifcl rclnrdi}bn u}nkgb{r cfk u}iuirnr {an }ncl {gon cfclwrgr id gfdi}oc{gif cfk kgr{}gm~{nr {agr gfdi}oc{gif {i {anbioucfw cfk m~rgfnrr uc}{fn}r& Oc}`n{gfjbifbnf{}c{nr if un}rifclgxgfj b~r{ion} u}ndn}nfbnrcfk iddn}gfj {ano rc{grdwgfj nqun}gnfbnr rn}tgbn grcrribgc{nk zg{a {an bioucfgnr bcll bnf{n}r cfkbii}kgfc{n gf{n}cb{gif mn{znnf znm nocgl cfk i{an} bioo~fgbc{gif Onkgcr& [anrn dgnlkr c}n kntnliunkd~}{an} zg{a {an anlu id B]O c~{ioc{gif&

GGG& B]O BACLLNFJNRB]O knrug{n mngfj ifn id {an oir{ u}idg{cmln

b~r{ion} r{}c{njgnr, r{gll g{ acr rion dcgl~}nr& [anoir{ goui}{cf{ crunb{ id B]O u}imlnor gr g{rnqbnllnf{ cmglg{w {i cbagntn b~r{ion} }n{nf{gif m~{ g{rdcgl~}n {i ki ri&

Tc}gi~r u}imlnor zg{a B]O c}n8c& Nqi}mg{cf{ bir{r

m& Gfckns~c{n dib~r if imhnb{gtnrb& Gfnddgbgnf{ ]nri~}bnr

k& Gfcuu}iu}gc{n oc{}gbnrn& Bioulnq Rwr{nor&

d& Fi b~r{ion} dib~rj& Rliz }n{~}frB]O kinr dcgl gf rion gfr{cfbnr& [ac{ bcffi{ mn

kgru~{nk& B]O }ntgnzr rain {ac{ {an dcgl~}n }c{nr id B]O bi~lk }ncba c agja id cf cocxgfj 15. gf c dnzwnc}r {gon& [ac{‗r nf{g}nlw gf bif{}ctnf{gif id cll {anagjar {ac{ actn mnnf u}nkgb{nk }gja{9 G{ h~r{ ntgknfbnr{an dcb{ {ac{ gd B]O gr {i mn nouliwnk g{ acr {i mnkifn zg{a {an ~{oir{ bc~{gif nqn}bgrnk cfk zg{a d~llc{{nf{gif {i goulnonf{c{gif&

Rion rid{zc}n bioucfgnr clri dcglr gfgoulnonf{gfj B]O, if {agr d}if{ {an bagnd ogr{c`nbi~lk mn {an zcw {anw acfkln RDC cr c biouifnf{&

Zac{ acuunfr gr {ac{ knrug{n {an dcb{ {ac{ {annfkncti} {i anlu rclnr un}rifr cb{~cllw jcgf j}i~fkgf {ang} rclnr nddi}{r {anw zgfk ~u kigfj {an iuuirg{n&

Rgfbn {an rwr{nor c}n kntgrnk bagndlw mw uniuln zaic}n fi{ c{ {an di}n d}if{ cfk zai `fiz tn}w lg{{lncmi~{ rclnr cb{gtg{gnr un}rifcllw, {agr acr cf goucb{if g{r ~rn} d}gnfklw c{{}gm~{nr& Rclnr un}riffnl{an}ndi}n dgfk {ano s~g{n kgddgb~l{ {i acfkln cfk oi}nid{nf {anf fi{ fif u}ik~b{gtn cr znll&

B]O ucb`cjnr {nfk {i dcgl clri if cbbi~f{ id {ang} gfdlnqgmglg{w i} racll zn rcw {ang} }gjgkg{w& CB]O ril~{gif {nfkr tgnz {an b~r{ion} cr wn{ cfi{an} {}cfrcb{gif& M~{ b~r{ion}r c}n dc} d}io {ac{& Rnngfj{ano cr dgj~}nr cfk f~omn}r gr ifn id {an liiu ailnrgf {an B]O gfk~r{}w& [an a~ocf nlnonf{ gr lir{ gf{an nf{g}n runb{}~o id cb{gtg{w& Knbgrgifr c}n }ns~g}nk{i mn ockn if c kcglw mcrgr {ac{ bcf fi{ mngfbi}ui}c{nk gf {an B]O ucb`cjn g{rnld& G{ acrntn}w{agfj {i ki zg{a ruif{cfni~r, knbgrgtn baigbnr

mngfj ockn mw {an nouliwnnr zai c}n dcbn {i dcbn {ib~r{ion}r&

Ifn }ncrif B]O rwr{no id{nf dcgl gr mnbc~rn {annouliwnnr {anornltnr c}n }nl~b{cf{ {i ~rn {ano i} ~fcmln {i ~rn {ano gf {an cuu}iu}gc{n ocffn}& C}onkzg{a gfr~ddgbgnf{ `fizlnkjn cfk ogrbifbnu{gifr {anwc}n anrg{cf{ cfk gll ns~guunk {i kncl zg{a {an B]Onddi}{r& Kgrcuuigf{nk zg{a {an gfg{gcl goulnonf{c{gif}nr~l{r nouliwr r{c}{ {i j}~omln& ]nl~b{cf{ {i jgtn g{c bacfbn {anw r{iu jgtgfj idd {ang} mnr{ nddi}{r iflw {icgk B]O dcgl~}n& [an awun cmi~{ B]O gr id{nf {i

mlcon ‒ lnctgfj nouliwr mnlgntgfj gf {an ocjgbzcfk rznnugfj czcw cll {ang} kgddgb~l{gnr zanf {ancb{~cl ug{dcllr c}n dnl{, {anw r{iu zi}`gfj {izc}krB]O jiclr& ]nr~l{ ‒ B]O dcgl~}nr&

B]O clri dcglr mnbc~rn m~rgfnrrnr rnlkio mi{an} {i oc`n {an }gja{ baigbn id B]O rid{zc}n cfk id{nfki ri cd{n} lg{{ln i} fi knlgmn}c{gif& Nfr~}gfj {ac{ {anbairnf ril~{gif bcf cfk zgll r~uui}{ cll {ang}

m~rgfnrr u}ibnrrnr, gr nrrnf{gcl cfk o~r{ mn bc}}gnki~{, m~{ g{ gr rion{agfj m~rgfnrrnr rnlkio ki}nr~l{gfj gf B]O billcurn&

Ri Zai‗r ]nruifrgmln Di} B]O Dcgl~}n9Cb{~cllw g{‗r c biomgfc{gif id mi{a ‒

I}jcfgxc{gifr nouliwgfj B]O cr znll cr {airnrnllgfj {ano& I}jcfgxc{gifr actnf‗{ lnc}f{ aiz {inouliw g{r m~rgfnrr u}ibnrrnr gf {an }gja{ ocffn} ricr {i jn{ {an oir{ i~{ id g{r B]O goulnonf{c{gifzagln B]O rnlln}r fnnk {i oc`n r~}n {ac{ {ang} rwr{nor c}n ~rn} d}gnfklw cfk ncrglw ckcu{cmln cfkoir{ goui}{cf{lw {c`n gf{i cbbi~f{ {an tc}gi~r dcb{i}r{ac{ actn mnnf ri dc} itn}lii`nk& Bioucfgnr fnnk {ilnc}f {an jilknf }~ln& On}nlw gfr{cllgfj B]O

ucb`cjnr kinr fi{ nfr~}n r~bbnrr& G{ gr mw fi oncfr cr~}n{w id uirg{gtn }nr~l{r& ^fkn}r{cfkgfj {an dcb{ {ac{{an r{}c{njw kinr actn g{r k}czmcb`r, zi}`gfj if{anrn k}czmcb`r cfk kigfj {ang} mnr{ {i jn{ {an oir{





i~{ id {ang} B]O goulnonf{c{gif clifn zgllimlg{n}c{n B]O dcgl~}nr cfk wgnlk r~bbnrr& Zac{ greagjalw }ns~g}nk gr {an cmglg{w {i dib~r if {an m~rgfnrr

fnnkr, baiirn c B]O ucb`cjn {ac{ zi}`r {izc}kr g{,nouliw {an }gja{ }nri~}bnr cfk crr~on {an }gja{on{}gbr& Ckiu{gfj {anrn oncr~}nr zi~lk ji c lifjzcw gf cllntgc{gfj B]O u}imlnor&

GT& B^R[ION] ]NLC[GIFRAGUOCFCJNONF[ CFK N/M^RGFNRR

[an uanfionfif id m~glkgfj c }nlc{gifragu zg{ab~r{ion}r tgc gf{n}fn{ gr `fizf cr nlnb{}ifgb B]O!n/B]O'& [an imhnb{gtn id B]O cfk n/B]O c}n {anrcon ‒ {an kgddn}nfbn gr {an onkg~o ~rnk di}

u}itgkgfj rn}tgbnr {i {an b~r{ion}& N/B]O gr co~l{gdcbn{nk r{}c{njw {ac{ anlur bioucfgnr~fkn}r{cfk, cf{gbguc{n cfk ocfcjn b~r{ion} fnnkr& Cochi} {a}~r{ id g{ gftiltnr rnjonf{gfj b~r{ion}r cfkiddn}gfj cuu}iu}gc{n cfk kgddn}nf{gc{nk rn}tgbnr di} ncba id {anrn lntnlr& G{ ocgflw ~rnr {an nlnb{}ifgbonkgc {i gf{nj}c{n cfk rgoulgdw b~r{ion}/ }nlc{nk

m~rgfnrr u}ibnrrnr, k}cr{gbcllw }nk~bgfj bir{r id b~r{ion}/ dcbgfj iun}c{gifr zagln cbagntgfj B]O‗r

u}goc}w jicl {i nfacfbn {an b~r{ion} nqun}gnfbn& N/M~rgfnrr kinr actn g{r izf kgddgb~l{gnr {ai~ja& G{ gr cli{ oi}n bioulnq {acf {ac{ zac{ uniuln {agf` g{ gr& Gfi}kn} {i r~bbnnk c{ n/M~rgfnrr cf i}jcfgxc{gif fnnkr{i mcrgbcllw dgj~}n i~{ h~r{ ain g{ zcf{r {iu ki g{r

m~rgfnrr, zac{ u}ik~b{r g{ zcf{r {i rnll, zac{ c}n g{r`nw imhnb{gtnr cfk zai c}n g{r {c}jn{nk b~r{ion}r&

N/M~rgfnrr {}cfrcb{gifr actn b}irrnk {an mgllgifoc}`r cfk c}n rbank~lnk {i ag{ +3 {}gllgif gf {an wnc} =554& Zg{a r~ba cr{i~fkgfj r{c{gr{gbr, g{ gr m~{ blnc} {ac{ {an cktcf{cjnr {ac{ g{ iddn}r actn dc} r~}ucrrnkbioucfw nqunb{c{gifr cfk actn }iunk gf ~rn}r}cugklw& Gjfi}gfj {an uanfionfcl j}iz{a id n/M~rgfnrr gr d~{gln& Bioucfgnr u}ndn}}gfj {i r{gb` {i{}ckg{gifcl on{aikr cfk u}ibnrrnr zgll zg{ai~{ cki~m{ c}n lnd{ mnagfk gf {an }c{ }cbn& Rgfbn {an gf{n}fn{nqulirgif jlimcllw, bifr~on}r u}ndn} n/ M~rgfnrr cr g{rocb`r id ncrn id ~rcjn& N/ M~rgfnrr gr c {n}o {ac{ gr

mcrgbcllw ~rnk {i knrb}gmn c m~rgfnrr {ac{ }~fr if {angf{n}fn{ cfk {ac{ oc`nr ~rn id {an nqgr{gfj gf{n}fn{

{nbafilijgnr {i gfb}ncrn {an u}idg{cmglg{w cfknddgbgnfbw id {an m~rgfnrr&

T& ]NCRIFR DI] [AN J]IZ[A ID B]ON/M^RGFNRR

>&3& [an }ncrifr di} B]O n/M~rgfnrr j}izgfj {ir~ba nfi}oi~r angja{r gr gf{n}fn{ {nbafilijw,

mnfndg{r id nlnb{}ifgb {nbafilijw cfk {an ncrglwctcglcmln ril~{gifr {ac{ nqgr{& Bioucfgnr dgfk {ac{ctcglgfj id B]O n/ M~rgfnrr dcbglg{gnr miir{r {annddgbgnfbw {i c j}nc{ nq{nf{& [an }ncrif n/ M~rgfnrracr r~bbnnknk gr if cbbi~f{ id g{r cmglg{w {i u}itgkn

bir{ nddnb{gtn ril~{gifr {ac{ }ns~g}n tn}w lg{{ln {gon {igoulnonf{&

>&=& [}ckg{gifcl m~rgfnrr on{aikr actn u}itnk{g}nrion, bir{lw cfk tn}w {gon bifr~ogfj& Cr c }nr~l{ m~rgfnrrnr actn mnnf lii`gfj c}i~fk di} c mn{{n} ril~{gif& B]O n/ M~rgfnrr ril~{gifr u}itnk {i mn h~r{{an r{}c{njw {ac{ zcr }ns~g}nk& G{ bc{n}nk {i nqgr{gfj

m~rgfnrr u}imlnor cfk u}itnk {ac{ g{ ack {an ui{nf{gcl{i kncl zg{a ui{nf{gcl kgddgb~l{gnr cr znll& Dlnqgmglg{wcfk {an cmglg{w {i ckcu{ {i c bacfjgfj nftg}ifonf{ grrion{agfj {ac{ B]O n/M~rgfnrr dgfkr ncrw {i ki&

>&2& B]O n ‒ M~rgfnrr gfbl~knr bioucfgnr {ac{~rn {an gf{n}fn{ {i cbs~g}n u}ik~b{r i} r~uulgnr di} gfai~rn u}ik~b{gif& [agr gr `fizf cr n/u}ib~}nonf{& G{car {an ui{nf{gcl {i cb{~cllw b~{ kizf bir{bifrgkn}cmlw oc`gfj g{ c jiik mn{ di} bioucfgnrlii`gfj c{ cbagntgfj bir{ nddnb{gtnfnrr&

>&;& G{ clri acr {an ckknk cktcf{cjn id mngfj cmln{i {}cb` u~}bacrnr cfk ocfcjn {an u~}bacrgfj nddi}{rnddgbgnf{lw& G{ anlur gf {an m~wgfj cfk rnllgfj id

u}ik~b{r& G{ clri anlur {an i}jcfgxc{gif {i ~rnnlnb{}ifgb bac{ cr c oncfr id {nbafgbcl r~uui}{ cfkb~r{ion} r~uui}{& [agr anlur cfw bioucfw {i rctn{gon cfk nddi}{ cfk c{ {an rcon {gon u}itgkniuui}{~fg{gnr {ac{ {an {}ckg{gifcl rwr{no bi~lk fi{&Zac{‗r cktcf{cjni~r an}n gr {ac{ c tg}{~cl biou~{n} rwr{no bcf mn ~rnk cfk zg{a {an kizflick id c

u}ij}co, cll {an }nlntcf{ gfdi}oc{gif cmi~{ ac}kzc}ncfk rid{zc}n runbgdgbc{gifr bcf mn ckns~c{nlw rnf{ {i

{an r~uui}{ {nco kg}nb{lw&>&>& Gf ckkg{gif g{ ocfcjnr {i ocgf{cgf c bnf{}cl

rn}tn} i} nocgl lgr{ cr c on{aik id kgr{}gm~{gfjgfdi}oc{gif, }c{an} {acf actgfj bir{lw cfk {gonbifr~ogfj gfkgtgk~cl ifnr& Gf {an uc{r dnz wnc}rcloir{ cll bioucfgnr actn mnbion {i rion lntnl i} {an i{an} cf n/ M~rgfnrr& B]O n/ M~rgfnrr gr }gja{fiz gfb}ncrgfj {an bacfbn id m~glkgfj rclnr cfkgfb}ncrgfj {an rclnr }ntnf~n mw gfb}ncrgfj {an c}nc id iun}c{gif, }nk~bgfj iun}c{gfj bir{r, gfb}ncrgfj

u}ik~b{gtg{w cfk {an}nmw ag`gfj {an nddgbgnfbw id {anr~uulw bacgf cfk {an B]O cuulgbc{gif cr znll&

>&4&B]O n/ M~rgfnrr ril~{gifr jgtn bioucfgnr c

znll ulcffnk cfk ncrglw gf{nj}c{nk n/ M~rgfnrrr{}c{njw {ac{ bc{n}r {i mi{a {an b~r{ion} fnnkr cr znllcr {an bi}ui}c{n fnnkr& Mi{a {anrn fnnk {i mnckns~c{nlw bc{n}nk {i gf i}kn} {ac{ bioucfwimhnb{gtnr kn d~ldgllnk& [an fn{ }nr~l{ id goulnonf{gfj B]O n ‒ M~rgfnrr r{}c{njgnr grrc{grdgnk b~r{ion}r cfk itn}cll u}ik~b{gtg{w&

TG& BIFBL^RGIFB~r{ion} }nlc{gifragu ocfcjnonf{ clri `fizf cr

}nlc{gifragu oc}`n{gfj i} b~r{ion} ocfcjnonf{, ulcwr c tg{cl }iln gf {ikcw‗r bioun{g{gtn zi}lk cfk gd goulnonf{nk u}iun}lw, bcf wgnlk tn}w uirg{gtn }nr~l{r





gf }n{cgfgfj {an nqgr{gfj b~r{ion}r cfk c{{}cb{gfj {anfnz ifnr& B]O‗r jicl gr {i cgk i}jcfgxc{gifr gf

mn{{n} ~fkn}r{cfkgfj ncba b~r{ion}‗r tcl~n {i {an

bioucfw&B]O gfrug{n id mngfj ri d}~g{d~l, r{gll dcbnr rionbacllnfjnr i} dcglr rion{gonr k~n {i {an gou}iun} goulcf{c{gif id g{ i} ocw mn k~n {i {an i}jcfgxc{gif{airn rnllgfj g{& [i itn}bion {anrn bacllnfjnr zac{ gragjalw }ns~g}nk gr {an cmglg{w {i dib~r if m~rgfnrrfnnkr, baiirn c B]O ucb`cjn {ac{ zi}`r {izc}kr g{,nouliw {an }gja{ }nri~}bnr cfk crr~on {an }gja{on{}gbr& [agr cll bcf anlu i}jcfgxc{gif {i cbagntnagja u}idg{r cfk gf }n{cgfgfj b~r{ion}r&

Gf {an rcon ocffn} n/B]O gr {an }gja{ {iil di} {an u}nrnf{ rbnfc}gi cr g{ rctnr {gon cfk }nri~}bnr id cf i}jcfgxc{gif cfk u}itgknr jiik nfi~ja i~{biongf {n}or id b~r{ion}&

CB@FIZLNKJNONF[G zi~lk lg`n {i {acf` ow iddgbgcl r~un}tgri}r cfk

Crrgr{cf{ U}idnrri} K}& Cragra F& Hcfg di} cll {ang} anlu, cktgbn cfk nfbi~}cjnonf{&

]NDN]NFBNRP3_& Hgll KwbaẰ, “[an B]O Acfkmii`‟, C m~rgfnrr j~gkn {i

b~r{ion} }nlc{gifragu ocfcjnonf{0 :{a Nkf&=55:8 =1/;=&P=_& U}id& T&R~kac`c}, Gfkgcf Hi~}fcl Id Oc}`n{gfj‟, n/B]O0 Knb

=5570 22/27&P2_& Hgll KwbaẰ, “[an B]O Acfkmii`‟, C m~rgfnrr j~gkn {i b~r{ion}

}nlc{gifragu ocfcjnonf{0 :{a Nkf&=55:8 3=1/3;3&





R~bbnrr cfk Dcgl~}n Dcb{i}r id n/Jitn}fonf{ u}ihnb{ goulnonf{c{gif gf Wnonf8

C rwr{noc{gb Lg{n}c{~}n }ntgnz

Ocakg Cmk~llca ClrnmcngGf{n}fc{gifcl G[ Uilgbw U}ij}co

[nbafilijw Ocfcjnonf{, Nbifiogbr cfk Uilgbw U}ij}coBillnjn id Nfjgfnn}gfj, Rni~l Fc{gifcl ^fgtn}rg{w

Rni~l, Ri~{a @i}nc

Cmr{}cb{ / [an cgo id {agr ucun} gr {i nquli}n {an b~}}nf{rg{~c{gif id n/jitn}fonf{ u}ihnb{‗r goulnonf{c{gif gfWnonf cfk ~fkn}r{cfk {an r~bbnrr cfk dcgl~}n dcb{i}r d}io {anun}bnu{gif id {an Wnonfg n/jitn}fonf{ u}ihnb{ {nco& [anon{aikilijw gr nquli}c{i}w on{aik zagba gr {i gftnr{gjc{n {an

cbcknogb lg{n}c{~}n cmi~{ n/jitn}fonf{ goulnonf{c{gif gfkntnliugfj bi~f{}gnr dib~rgfj if {an r~bbnrr cfk dcgl~}n dcb{i}rid goulnonf{c{gif& Clri {an r{}~b{~}nk {nlnuaifn gf{n}tgnzrzn}n kifn zg{a {an {iu knbgrgif oc`n}r id {an n/jitn}fonf{ gfWnonf& [an rg{~c{gif id Wnonf gf {an c}nc id bioo~fgbc{gifcfk {nbafilijgnr zgll mn u}nrnf{nk& [an dgfkgfjr raiz {ac{Wnonf r{c}{nk {i nr{cmlgra c jiik ulcf di} n/jitn}fonf{u}ihnb{r cfk {an goulnonf{c{gif bifbnu{ r{c}{nk {i mn znlli}jcfgxnk mw {an n/jitn}fonf{ u}ihnb{‗r {nco& [an }nrnc}ban}cr c onomn} id {agr {nco acr gknf{gdgnk ocfw cb{gtg{gnr gfi}kn} {i kn{n}ogfn {an oir{ rgjfgdgbcf{ dcb{i}r {ac{ anlu {anjitn}fonf{ di} c u}iun} goulnonf{c{gif di} {an rwr{no id n/jitn}fonf{& Aizntn}, Wnonf‗r jitn}fonf{ r{gll fnnk {izi}` ac}k }njc}kgfj {an Gf{n}fn{ s~clg{w cfk {an lntnl id nk~bc{gif di} bg{gxnfr gf {n}or id biou~{n} {nbafilijgnr cfk G[

r`gllr& Wnonf clri fnnkr {i itn}bion {an grr~n id {an jcumn{znnf jnfkn}r cr znll cr mn{znnf ~}mcf cfk }~}cl c}ncr&

[an r{~kw zgll ckk}nrr goui}{cf{ cfk rgjfgdgbcf{ dcb{i}r

u}ntnf{gfj {an goulnonf{c{gif id n/jitn}fonf{ cfk

nr{cmlgragfj id n/rn}tgbnr gf Wnonf& Dgfcllw0 {an }ns~g}nonf{r

di} r~bbnrrnr N/jitn}fonf{ goulnonf{c{gif zgll mn nlcmi}c{nk&

Cfk {an r{~kw nfkr ~u zg{a }nbioonfkc{gifr cr ril~{gifr di}

mn{{n} N/jitn}fonf{ goulnonf{c{gif gf {an d~{~}n di} {an

]nu~mlgb id Wnonf&

@nwzi}kr8 N/jitn}fonf{, R~bbnrr dcb{i}r, dcgl~}n dcb{i}r,

N/jitn}fonf{ gf Wnonf, Wnonf&

G& GF[]IK^B[GIF

Nlnb{}ifgb jitn}fonf{ i} n/jitn}fonf{ r~jjnr{r {an ~rn id

gfdi}oc{gif {nbafilijw {i nfcmln cfk gou}itn {an nddgbgnfbwzg{a zagba jitn}fonf{ rn}tgbnr c}n u}itgknk {i bg{gxnfr,nouliwnnr, m~rgfnrrnr cfk cjnfbgnr0 g{ gfb}ncrnr {anbiftnfgnfbn cfk cbbnrrgmglg{w id jitn}fonf{ rn}tgbnr cfkgfdi}oc{gif {i bg{gxnfr, !Bc}{n} cfk Mnlcfjn}, =55>'&N/jitn}fonf{ biou}grnr {an ~rn id GB[ gf i}kn} {i knlgtn}

U}ib& id {an Gf{l& Bifd& if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr ‒ Til~on

3& Biuw}gja{ § =53= [nbafi Di}~o J}i~u, Gfkgc&

GRMF8 7:1/13/7=5>:>/:/4 88 kig8 35& :2513)GRMFY5:41

CBO "8 kmn}&gon}c&35& :2513

u~mlgb rn}tgbnr {i bg{gxnfr cfk m~rgfnrrnr& G{ nf{cglr {an{}cfrdi}oc{gif id u~mlgb rn}tgbnr ctcglcmln {i bg{gxnfr ~rgfjfnz i}jcfgxc{gifcl u}ibnrrnr cr znll cr fnz {nbafilijgbcl{}nfkr !J~f{n}, =554'&

N/jitn}fonf{ gr knrgjfnk {i dcbglg{c{n c oi}n gf{nj}c{nkoikn id jitn}fcfbn& G{ nfbcur~lc{nr {an }nlc{gifragurmn{znnf jitn}fonf{r, {ang} bg{gxnfr cr znll cr {ang} r~uulgn}rmw {an ~rn id nlnb{}ifgb oncfr !Oncfr cfk Rbafngkn}, =555'&Gf m}gnd, {an jicl id n/jitn}fonf{ gr {i cbagntn gf oc`gfjjitn}fonf{ rn}tgbnr oi}n cbbnrrgmln, oi}n bg{gxnf dib~rnk,oi}n }nlntcf{ {i bg{gxnfr cr znll cr oi}n }nruifrgtn {i {ang}fnnkr cfk nqunb{c{gifr&

Gf {agr un}runb{gtn, n/jitn}fonf{ gr {an ~rn id {nbafilijw, nrunbgcllw znm/mcrnk Gf{n}fn{ cuulgbc{gifr gfi}kn} {i nfacfbn cbbnrr {i cfk nddgbgnf{lw knlgtn} jitn}fonf{gfdi}oc{gif cfk rn}tgbnr !M}izf cfk M}~kfnw, =553'&!Ann`r, =552' crrn}{r {ac{ {an ~rn id gfdi}oc{gif cfk

bioo~fgbc{gif {nbafilijgnr cr c oncfr {i gou}itn {ancb{gtg{gnr id u~mlgb rnb{i} i}jcfgxc{gifr gr {an kndgfg{gif id n/jitn}fonf{& Cbbi}kgfj {i {an Zi}lk Mcf` !=55;', n/jitn}fonf{ }ndn}r {i {an ~rn id gfdi}oc{gif {nbafilijgnr mwjitn}fonf{ cjnfbgnr {ac{ actn {an cmglg{w {i {}cfrdi}o}nlc{gifr zg{a bg{gxnfr, m~rgfnrrnr, cfk i{an} c}or id jitn}fonf{& Lcr{ m~{ fi{ lncr{, cbbi}kgfj {i {an Bnf{}n di}Knoib}cbw cfk [nbafilijw !=55=', “n/jitn}fonf{ gr {an ~rn id gfdi}oc{gif cfk bioo~fgbc{gifr{nbafilijgnr gf i}kn} {i {}cfrdi}o jitn}fonf{ mw oc`gfj g{oi}n cbbnrrgmln, nddnb{gtn cfk cbbi~f{cmln‟&

[an }nrnc}ban} bifk~b{nk {agr r{~kw {i }ntgnz {anrg{~c{gif id n/jitn}fonf{ gf Wnonf cfk cfclwrgr g{r }nlc{nkbifbnu{r zagba gr coifj {an nc}lw r{cjn id N/jitn}fonf{u}ihnb{& [an r{~kw zgll cfclwxn rntn}cl dcb{i}r {ac{ bif{}gm~{n{i {an r~bbnrr goulnonf{c{gif id N/jitn}fonf{ u}ihnb{ gflibcl jitn}fonf{ id Rcfc‗c bg{w/ {an bcug{cl id Wnonf&

GG& N/JITN]FONF[ BIFBNU[R C& Ocgf imhnb{gtnr id n/jitn}fonf{

Oc`n g{ ncrgn} {i dgfk gfdi}oc{gif cmi~{jitn}fonf{ rn}tgbnr&

Gou}itgfj cbbnrr {i jitn}fonf{ rn}tgbnr mwoc`gfj {ano iflgfn =;):&

Anlugfj {i gou}itn {an s~clg{w id rn}tgbnr&





Anlugfj {i gf{n}cb{ oi}n nddnb{gtnlw zg{ajitn}fonf{ i}jcfgxc{gifr cfk }nlc{nk cjnfbgnr ri {ac{oi}n rn}tgbnr bcf mn u}itgknk&

Anlugfj {i m~glk {}~r{ mn{znnf jitn}fonf{ Bacllnfjgfj {an nqgr{gfj zcwr id zi}`gfj&

M& N/jitn}fonf{ Cuulgbc{gifr

Jitn}fonf{/{i/Jitn}fonf{ !J=J'8J=J gr {an gf{n}biffnb{gif mn{znnf {an jitn}fonf{

cjnfbgnr& [agr d~fb{gif i} cuulgbc{gif rn}tnr mi{a gf{n}fclu}ibnrrnr cfk cb{gtg{gnr !mn{znnf u~mlgb i}jcfgxc{gifr{anornltnr' cfk nq{n}fcl ifnr clri !mn{znnf jitn}fonf{i}jcfgxc{gifr, bg{gxnfr cfk m~rgfnrrnr'& [an ~l{goc{n cgo id {an !J=J' d~fb{gif gr {i nfacfbn gf{n}/jitn}fonf{i}jcfgxc{gifr* u}ibnrrnr mw r{}ncolgfgfj billcmi}c{gif cfkbii}kgfc{gif&

Gf i}kn} {i }nclgxn c rgfjln cbbnrr uigf{, billcmi}c{gif cfk

biiun}c{gif coifj kgddn}nf{ jitn}fonf{cl knuc}{onf{r cfkcjnfbgnr gr biou~lri}w& Iflgfn bioo~fgbc{gif cfkbiiun}c{gif cllizr jitn}fonf{ cjnfbgnr cfk knuc}{onf{r {irac}n kc{cmcrnr, }nri~}bnr, uiil r`gllr cfk bcucmglg{gnr,nfacfbgfj {an nddgbgnfbw cfk nddnb{gtnlw id u}ibnrrnr!Tclcf{gfc, =55;'&

Jitn}fonf{/{i/Bg{gxnfr !J=B'8J=B gr {an gf{n}biffnb{gif mn{znnf {an jitn}fonf{

cjnfbgnr cfk {an u~mlgb bg{gxnfr& Zg{a {agr d~fb{gif i}cuulgbc{gif, {an u~mlgb i}jcfgxc{gifr u~mlgra gfdi}oc{gif cfkbif{cb{ kn{cglr, cfk iddn} }nj~lc} rn}tgbnr iflgfn& [an~l{goc{n cgo id {agr cuulgbc{gif gr {i jgtn ~rn}r kgddn}nf{iu{gifr cfk bioo~fgbc{gif bacffnlr di} jitn}fonf{{}cfrcb{gifr&

J=B cllizr b~r{ion}r {i cbbnrr jitn}fonf{ gfdi}oc{gifcfk rn}tgbnr gfr{cf{lw, biftnfgnf{lw, d}io ntn}wzan}n, mw~rn id o~l{guln bacffnlr !UB, Znm [T, oimgln uaifn i}zg}nlnrr kntgbn'& G{ clri nfcmlnr cfk }ngfdi}bnr {ang}uc}{gbguc{gif gf libcl bioo~fg{w lgdn “rnfk cf nocgl i}bif{}gm~{n {i cf iflgfn kgrb~rrgif di}~o‟ !Tclcf{gfc, =55;'&

Jitn}fonf{/{i/M~rgfnrrnr !J=M'8J=B gr {an jitn}fonf{ bioo~fgbc{gif zg{a {an u}gtc{n

m~rgfnrr rnb{i}& J=M cllizr m~rgfnrrnr cr znll cr gfkgtgk~clr{i actn {}cfrcb{gifr zg{a {an jitn}fonf{, nqcoulnr mngfj8}nfnzgfj }njgr{}c{gifr, likjgfj {cqnr, kizflickgfj {nfkn}r‗gfdi}oc{gif, cfk ocfw i{an}r& [an jitn}fonf{/{i/m~rgfnrr!J=M' cuulgbc{gif gr cr ~rnd~l cr {an J=B rwr{no, nfacfbgfj

{an nddgbgnfbw cfk s~clg{w id bioo~fgbc{gif cfk {}cfrcb{gifrzg{a m~rgfnrr& [an}ndi}n, {agr rai~lk mn bifrgkn}nk mw {anjitn}fonf{r&

Bioucfgnr ntn}wzan}n c}n bifk~b{gfj m~rgfnrr/{i/m~rgfnrr n/bioon}bn gf i}kn} {i lizn} {ang} bir{r cfkgou}itn gftnf{i}w bif{}il& [an iuui}{~fg{w {i bifk~b{iflgfn {}cfrcb{gifr zg{a jitn}fonf{ }nk~bnr }nk {cun cfkrgoulgdgnr }nj~lc{i}w u}ibnrrnr, {an}ndi}n anlugfj m~rgfnrrnr{i mnbion oi}n bioun{g{gtn& [an knlgtn}w id gf{nj}c{nk,rgfjln/ri~}bn u~mlgb rn}tgbnr b}nc{nr iuui}{~fg{gnr di}m~rgfnrrnr cfk jitn}fonf{ {i uc}{fn} {ijn{an} di}

nr{cmlgragfj c znm u}nrnfbn dcr{n} cfk bancun} !Tclcf{gfc,=55;'&

Jitn}fonf{/{i/Nouliwnnr !J=N'8

J=N gr {an gf{n}biffnb{gif mn{znnf {an jitn}fonf{cjnfbgnr cfk {an nouliwnnr d}io kgddn}nf{ rnb{i}r !u~mlgbcfk u}gtc{n J=N gr un}acur {an lncr{ ckiu{nk cuulgbc{gif id n/jitn}fonf{& Rbailc}r cfk bi~f{}gnr c}i~fk {an zi}lk ~r~cllwdib~r if {an dg}r{ {a}nn cuulgbc{gifr iflw&

J=N gr cf nddnb{gtn zcw {i u}itgkn n/lnc}fgfj, m}gfjnouliwnnr {ijn{an} cfk {i u}ioi{n `fizlnkjn rac}gfjcoifj {ano& G{ jgtnr nouliwnnr {an uirrgmglg{w id cbbnrrgfj}nlntcf{ gfdi}oc{gif }njc}kgfj8 biounfrc{gif cfk mnfndg{uilgbgnr, {}cgfgfj cfk lnc}fgfj iuui}{~fg{gnr, bgtgl }gja{r lczr,n{b !Tclcf{gfc, =55;'&

Aizntn}, Wnonf gr r{gll gf {an dg}r{ d~fb{gif J=J zagbagr {an gf{n}biffnb{gif mn{znnf {an jitn}fonf{ cjnfbgnr&[an}n gr fi d~ll gf{n}cb{gif zg{a bg{gxnfr mnbc~rn {anw bcfiflw m}izr {an gfdi}oc{gif cmi~{ jitn}fonf{ rn}tgbnr d}io{an kgddn}nf{ jitn}fonf{ cjnfbgnr {a}i~ja {an jitn}fonf{iddgbgcl ui}{cl zagba gr cffi~fbnk gf =557& Oi}nitn}, {an}ngr fi nlnb{}ifgb gf{n}cb{gif zg{a {an Wnonfg jitn}fonf{zg{a {an u}gtc{n m~rgfnrr rnb{i} wn{ cr znll cr {an nouliwnnrd}io mi{a u~mlgb cfk u}gtc{n rnb{i}r, {anrn ocwmn {c}jn{nk {imn nr{cmlgrank cd{n} biouln{gfj cll {an r{cjnr }ns~g}nk {i mngoulnonf{nk di} {an n/jitn}fonf{ rwr{no gf Wnonf&

B& Mnfndg{r id N/jitn}fonf{

INBK !=552' {ai}i~jalw nqcogfnk n/jitn}fonf{gfg{gc{gtnr gf g{r onomn}r‗ bi~f{}gnr !C~r{}clgc, C~r{}gc,Mnljg~o, Bcfckc, Bxnba ]nu~mlgb, Knfoc}`, Dgflcfk,D}cfbn, Jn}ocfw, J}nnbn, A~fjc}w, Gbnlcfk, G}nlcfk, G{clw,

Hcucf, @i}nc, L~qnom~}j, Onqgbi, Fn{an}lcfkr, FnzXnclcfk, Fi}zcw, Uilcfk, Ui}{~jcl, Rlitc` ]nu~mlgb, Rucgf,Rznknf, Rzg{xn}lcfk, [~}`nw, ^@, ^RC', cfk lgr{nk {ancktcf{cjnr id n/jitn}fonf{ cr dillizr8

/ Gou}itnr nddgbgnfbw gf u}ibnrrgfj lc}jn s~cf{g{gnr id kc{c

/ Gou}itnr rn}tgbnr {a}i~ja mn{{n} ~fkn}r{cfkgfj id ~rn}r‗ }ns~g}nonf{r, {a~r cgogfj di} rncolnrr iflgfnrn}tgbnr&

/ Anlur cbagntn runbgdgb uilgbw i~{bionr mw nfcmlgfjr{c`nailkn}r {i rac}n gfdi}oc{gif cfk gkncr&

/ Crrgr{r c jitn}fonf{‗r nbifiogb uilgbw imhnb{gtnr mwu}ioi{gfj u}ik~b{gtg{w jcgfr gfan}nf{ gf GB[ cfk

n/bioon}bn&/ Bif{}gm~{nr {i jitn}fonf{r‗ }ndi}o mw gou}itgfj

{}cfruc}nfbw, dcbglg{c{gfj gfdi}oc{gif rac}gfj cfkagjalgja{gfj gf{n}fcl gfbifrgr{nfbgnr&

/ Anlur gf m~glkgfj {}~r{ mn{znnf jitn}fonf{r cfk {ang}bg{gxnfr, cf nrrnf{gcl dcb{i} gf jiik jitn}fcfbn mw ~rgfjgf{n}fn{/mcrnk r{}c{njgnr {i gftiltn bg{gxnfr gf {an uilgbwu}ibnrr, gll~r{}c{gfj jitn}fonf{ {}cfruc}nfbw cfkcbbi~f{cmglg{w&





GGG& U^]UIRN ID [AN R[^KW [AN OCGF U^]UIRNR ID [AGR R[^KW C]N CR DILLIZR8

[i ~fkn}r{cfk {an b~}}nf{ lntnl id n/jitn}fonf{

u}ihnb{ goulnonf{c{gif gf Wnonf& [i kn{n}ogfn {an b}g{gbcl r~bbnrr cfk dcgl~}n dcb{i}r

id n/jitn}fonf{ u}ihnb{ gf Wnonf cr mngfj un}bngtnk mw {iuknbgrgif oc`n}r cfk u}ihnb{‗r {nco&

[i bion ~u zg{a rion }nbioonfkc{gifr {ac{rai~lk m}gfj gf{i c{{nf{gif di} {an n/jitn}fonf{ u}ihnb{goulnonf{c{gif gf Rcfc‗c bg{w {an bcug{cl id Wnonf&

GT& N/JITN]FONF[ OIKNLR Rntn}cl n/jitn}fonf{ oiknlr actn mnnf u}iuirnk mw

}nrnc}ban}r cfk Gf{n}fc{gifcl i}jcfgxc{gifr r~ba cr !^F=551, Lcwfn $ Lnn =553' cfk rion i{an}r& Zn m}gndlwkgrb~rr {anrn oiknlr gf {an dillizgfj r~mrnb{gifr8

C&

^F n/jitn}fonf{ oc{~}g{w oiknl =5518 C Dgtnr{cjnr oiknl8

^fg{nk Fc{gifr acr gknf{gdgnk r{cjnr id n/jitn}fonf{d}io kgddn}nf{ un}runb{gtn& ^F kntnliunk c dgtn r{cjn n/jitn}fonf{ oiknl zagba m~glkr ~uif {an riuagr{gbc{gif id iflgfn u}nrnfbn& Cr c bi~f{}w ogj}c{nr ~uzc}kr {a}i~ja {antc}gi~r r{cjnr cr raizf gf {an dgj~}n, g{ gr }cf`nk agjan} gf{an znm oncr~}n gfknq !^F, =551'&

Dgj~}n 38 ^F N/jitn}fonf{ Oc{~}g{w OiknlRi~}bn8 ^F N/jitn}fonf{ Gfknq =551&

R{cjn G / Non}jgfj8 C jitn}fonf{‗r iflgfn u}nrnfbn gr

ocgflw biou}grnk id c znm ucjn cfk)i} cf iddgbgcl znmrg{n0lgf`r {i ogfgr{}gnr i} knuc}{onf{r id nk~bc{gif, ancl{a, ribgclznldc}n, lcmi} cfk dgfcfbn ocw)ocw fi{ nqgr{&

R{cjn GG / Nfacfbnk8 Jitn}fonf{r u}itgkn oi}ngfdi}oc{gif if u~mlgb uilgbw cfk jitn}fcfbn& [anw actnb}nc{nk lgf`r {i c}bagtnk gfdi}oc{gif {ac{ gr ncrglw cbbnrrgmln{i bg{gxnfr, cr di} gfr{cfbn, kib~onf{r, di}or, }nui}{r, lczrcfk }nj~lc{gifr, cfk fnzrln{{n}r&

R{cjn GGG / Gf{n}cb{gtn8 Jitn}fonf{r knlgtn} iflgfnrn}tgbnr r~ba cr kizflickcmln di}or di} {cq ucwonf{r cfkcuulgbc{gifr di} lgbnfrn }nfnzclr&

R{cjn GT / [}cfrcb{gifcl8 Jitn}fonf{r mnjgf {i{}cfrdi}o {anornltnr mw gf{}ik~bgfj {zi/zcw gf{n}cb{gifr

mn{znnf ‑bg{gxnf cfk jitn}fonf{‗& G{ gfbl~knr iu{gifr di}ucwgfj {cqnr, cuulwgfj di} GK bc}kr, mg}{a bn}{gdgbc{nr,ucrrui}{r cfk lgbnfrn }nfnzclr, cr znll cr i{an} rgoglc} J {iB gf{n}cb{gifr, cfk cllizr {an bg{gxnf {i cbbnrr {anrn rn}tgbnriflgfn=;):& Cll {}cfrcb{gifr c}n bifk~b{nk iflgfn&

R{cjn T / Biffnb{nk8 Jitn}fonf{r {}cfrdi}o {anornltnrgf{i c biffnb{nk nf{g{w {ac{ }nruifkr {i {an fnnkr id g{rbg{gxnfr mw kntnliugfj cf gf{nj}c{nk mcb` iddgbngfd}cr{}~b{~}n& [agr gr {an oir{ riuagr{gbc{nk lntnl id iflgfnn/jitn}fonf{ gfg{gc{gtnr cfk gr bac}cb{n}gxnk mw8

3& Ai}gxif{cl biffnb{gifr !coifj jitn}fonf{ cjnfbgnr'=&Tn}{gbcl biffnb{gifr !bnf{}cl cfk libcl

jitn}fonf{ cjnfbgnr'2& Gfd}cr{}~b{~}n biffnb{gifr !gf{n}iun}cmglg{w grr~nr';& Biffnb{gifr mn{znnf jitn}fonf{r cfk bg{gxnfr>& Biffnb{gifr coifj r{c`nailkn}r !jitn}fonf{, u}gtc{n

rnb{i}, cbcknogb gfr{g{~{gifr, FJIr cfk bgtgl ribgn{w'

M& Kntnliugfj d~llw d~fb{gifcllw N/jitn}fonf{8 C di~} r{cjn oiknl Mw Lcwfn $ Lnn =5538

Mcrnk if {nbafgbcl cfk ocfcjn}gcl dncrgmglg{w, Lcwfn cfkLnn !=553' u}iuirnk c di~}/r{cjn n/jitn}fonf{ oiknl&[anrn di~} r{cjnr c}n8

R{cjn 3/ Bc{clij~gfj8 jitn}fonf{ iflgfnu}nrnfbn

R{cjn =/ [}cfrcb{gif8 bg{gxnfr {}cfrcb{zg{a jitn}fonf{ nlnb{}ifgbcllw&

R{cjn 2/ Tn}{gbcl gf{nj}c{gif8 Libcljitn}fonf{ biffnb{nk {i kgddn}nf{ d~fb{gifri} rn}tgbn id {an jitn}fonf{&

R{cjn ;/ Ai}gxif{cl Gf{nj}c{gif8

Gf{nj}c{gif cb}irr kgddn}nf{ d~fb{gifr cfk rn}tgbnr id jitn}fonf{&

Dgj~}n =8 Lcwfn cfk Lnn !=553', Njitn}fonf{ R{cjnr Oiknl Ri~}bn8 Kntnliugfj d~llw d~fb{gifcllw N/jitn}fonf{8

C di~} r{cjn oiknl mw Lcwfn $ Lnn =553&

Cbbi}kgfj {i {an oiknl, {an dg}r{ r{cjn gr {an bc{clij~gfjid gfdi}oc{gif if c Znm rg{n& [agr gftiltnr {an gfg{gcl nddi}{r

B8 Biffnb{nk

[}cfrcb{8 [}cfrcb{gif

/Ai}gxif{cl

Gf{nj}c{gif/Rwr{norgf{nj}c{nk cb}irrkgddn}nf{d~fb{gifr//]ncl ifn r{iuraiuugfj di}bg{gxnfr

/Tn}{gbcl

Gf{nj}c{gif

/Libcl Rwr{norlgf`nk {i agjan}

lntnl rwr{or/zg{agfrgoglc}

d~fb{gifclg{gn

[}cfrcb{gif/Rn}tgbnr cfk

Di}or c}niflgfn

/Zi}`gfj K&M

r~uui}{gfjiflgfnBc{clij~n

Iflgfn u}nrnfbn/Bc{clij~nu}nrnf{c{gif/KizflickcmlnDi}or





id jitn}fonf{ {i mn u}nrnf{ iflgfn& Gf {agr r{cjn, {angfdi}oc{gif gr fi{ c {}cfrcb{gifcl iun}c{gif& Iflgfn u}nrnfbnid {an jitn}fonf{ rctnr g{r {gon cfk oifnw mnbc~rn {ac{zgll }nk~bn {an zi}`lick if d}if{lgfn iddgbnr& [an rnbifkr{cjn gr, [}cfrcb{gif, cgor {i nq{nfk {an bcucmglg{w id bc{clij~n r{cjn cfk nfcmlnr {i un}di}o c rgouln iflgfn{}cfrcb{gif& [an Tn}{gbcl Gf{nj}c{gif r{cjn {}cfrdi}orjitn}fonf{ rn}tgbnr cfk gf{nj}c{gfj {ano c{ kgddn}nf{ lntnlr&[an ai}gxif{cl Gf{nj}c{gif r{cjn gr {an oc{~}g{w r{cjn zg{a~fgdgnk cfk rncolnrr rn}tgbnr&

[an {zi oiknlr kgddn} mnbc~rn {anw c}n kntnliunk d}iokgddn}nf{ un}runb{gtnr& ^F !=551' dgtn/r{cjn oiknl dib~r ifc znm/mcrnk u~mlgb rn}tgbn& Lcwfn $ Lnn‗r !=553' di~}/r{cjnoiknl gr kntnliunk mcrnk if c jnfn}cl i} cf gf{nj}c{nkun}runb{gtn biomgfgfj {nbafgbcl, i}jcfgxc{gifcl, cfkocfcjn}gcl dncrgmglg{w& Aizntn}, {an oiknl u}iuirnk mwLcwfn $ Lnn !=553', di~}/r{cjn oiknl ogrrnr i~{ if {an

uilg{gbcl uc}{gbguc{gif biouifnf{ cfk kinr fi{ ckk}nrr {anuirrgmln bacfjnr gf {an zcw knbgrgifr c}n ockn gfjitn}fonf{& Wnonf jitn}fonf{ gr oir{ lg`nlw kncl zg{a {ankgddn}nf{ r{cjnr id n/jitn}fonf{ mw dillizgfj mi{a id {anrnoiknlr& !N/jitn}fonf{ u}ihnb{ {nco Kib~onf{c{gif, =551'&

T& GB[ CFK N/JITN]FONF[ GF WNONF Gf {agr uc}{ {an }nrnc}ban} gr {}wgfj {i u}nrnf{ {an b~}}nf{

rg{~c{gif id Wnonf‗r GB[ cfk n/jitn}fonf{& [an}ndi}n {agruc}{ zgll mn nqulcgfnk gf dgtn r~mrnb{gifr cr dillizr8 C& Wnonf itn}tgnz8

Wnonf gr ifn id {an kntnliugfj bi~f{}gnr zagba libc{nkgf {an ri~{an}f uc}{ id {an C}cmgcf Unfgfr~lc& G{ gr mi~fknk

if {an fi}{a mw Rc~kg C}cmgc cfk mw {an C}cm Rnc& Iocf lgnrgf {an znr{ id {an ]nu~mlgb id Wnonf cfk {an ]nk Rnc lgnr gf{an znr{ id {an ]nu~mlgb id Wnonf& [an {i{cl c}nc id {an]nu~mlgb id Wnonf gr cmi~{ >>>,555 rs~c}n @glion{n}, cfk{an uiu~lc{gif id Wnonf gr =2 ogllgif !FGB, =535'& [aniddgbgcl lcfj~cjn id {an bi~f{}w gr C}cmgb cfk Grlco gr {aniddgbgcl }nlgjgif id {an bi~f{}w& [an Wnonfg ]gcl !W]' gr {aniddgbgcl b~}}nfbw ~fg{& [an ]nu~mlgb id Wnonf acr {a}nnfc{gifcl gfknunfknfbn kcwr8 Rnu{nomn} =4, 374= zanf {an`gfj id Fi}{a {an ]nu~mlgb id Wnonf, c{ {ac{ {gon, zcritn}{a}izf cfk oc`gfj {an bi~f{}w c }nu~mlgb gfr{nck id c`gfjkio, Fitnomn} 25, 374: zanf Ri~{a {an ]nu~mlgb id Wnonf, c{ {ac{ {gon, ack mnbion gfknunfknf{ d}io ^fg{nk@gfjkio& [an ^fgdgbc{gif Kcw if Ocw ==, 3775, zanf {an

]nu~mlgb id Wnonf zcr nr{cmlgrank mw {an on}jn} id Ri~{acfk Fi}{a id Wnonf&

Dgj~}n 28 Ocu id {an ]nu~mlgb id Wnonf&

M&

GB[ Rnb{i} gf WnonfGfdi}oc{gif cfk Bioo~fgbc{gif [nbafilijw !GB[' grbifrgkn}nk fizckcwr cf nddgbgnf{ {iil rn}tgfj {an u}ij}nrrcfk kntnliuonf{ id bi~f{}gnr !NRBZC, =55:'& Lg`n i{an}lnrr kntnliunk bi~f{}gnr, {an }nu~mlgb id Wnonf gr rnn`gfj {ikntnliu {agr tg{cl rnb{i} {i bc}}w if g{r kntnliuonf{ u}ibnrr!NRBZC, =55:'& Wnonf gr gf liznr{ lntnl id GB[gfd}cr{}~b{~}n gf zi}lk, {agr lntnl gr bac}cb{n}gxnk mw {andillizgfj8 !c' liz unfn{}c{gif }c{nr id dgqnk cfk oimgln{nlnuaifn lgfnr0 !m' lcb` id cf nftg}ifonf{ bifk~bgtn {izgknru}nck ~rn id {nlnbioo~fgbc{gif rn}tgbnr mw m~rgfnrrnrcfk gfkgtgk~clr0 cfk !b' gfr~ddgbgnf{ fc{gifcl mcfkzgk{a,gfckns~c{n mcb`mifn di} tigbn cfk kc{c {nlnbioo~fgbc{gifcfk gfr~ddgbgnf{ f~omn} id Gf{n}fn{ ulcwn}r gf {an oc}`n{!NRBZC, =557'&

[an dillizgfj {cmln 3/ raizr {ac{ Wnonf bi~f{}w gfknqgf {n}o id ~rgfj biou~{n}r cfk Gf{n}fn{, {nlnuaifn ~rcjn&

[cmln 38 [nlnbioo~fgbc{gif Gfd}cr{}~b{~}n gfknq cfk g{r biouifnf{r

Bi~f{}wGfknqtcl~n

Nr{goc{nkGf{n}fn{ ~rn}r

un} 355gfacmg{cf{r

Ocgf dgqnk{nlnuaifn

lgfnr un} 355gfacmg{cf{r

Oimglnr~mrb}gmn}r

un} 355gfacmg{cf{r

Un}rifclbiou~{n}r

un} 355gfacmg{cf{r

[i{cl dgqnkm}ickmcfk

un} 355gfacmg{cf{r

Wnonf 5&5=71 3&;; ;&;1 32&:4 =&:: 5&55

Ri~}bn8 ^fg{nk Fc{gifr N/jitn}fonf{ R~}tnw =535&

Cbbi}kgfj {i !NRBZC, =55:', Wnonf‗r nddi}{ {izc}krm~glkgfj cf Gfdi}oc{gif Ribgn{w bcf mn r~ooc}gxnk crdillizr8

[an Fc{gifcl Gfdi}oc{gif Bnf{n} !FGB' zcr nr{cmlgrankk~}gfj {an rnbifk acld id 377>&

[an ogfgr{}w id [nlnbioo~fgbc{gif cfk Gfdi}oc{gif[nbafilijw !O[G[' gf =552, g{ zcr nf{}~r{nk zg{a G[ocfcjnonf{ gf ckkg{gif {i kntnliuonf{ cfk i}jcfgxc{gifid bioo~fgbc{gif uilgbgnr& G{ acr ocfw bcou~rnr knclzg{a {an G[ r~ba cr83& [nlnbioo~fgbc{gif cfk Gfdi}oc{gif [nbafilijw bg{w=& Nlnb{}ifgb Lgm}c}w2& Jnfn}cl [nlnbio Bi~fbgl





;& Kc{c bioo~fgbc{gif>& Wnonf Nlnb{}ifgb Jitn}fonf{ Ui}{cl&

[an bnf{}cl r{c{gr{gbr Knuc}{onf{, cddglgc{nk {i {an

Ogfgr{}w id Ulcffgfj cfk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Biiun}c{gif,ckiu{nk c fc{gifcl r{}c{njw if r{c{gr{gbcl zi}`&B& [nlnuaifnBcucbg{w

Cbbi}kgfj {i !NRBZC, =55:', Wnonf gr r{gll coifj {anbi~f{}gnr {ac{ mnfndg{ lg{{ln d}io bioo~fgbc{gif rn}tgbnr&[an ocgf bacllnfjnr cfk imr{cblnr c}n {an bi~f{}w‗rkgddgb~l{ {iuij}cuaw, rbc{{n}nk uiu~lc{gif j}i~ur cfk lizknfrg{w, znc` gfd}cr{}~b{~}n rn}tgbnr cfk liz lntnl id kgr{}gm~{gif fn{zi}`r gf {an bg{gnr cr znll cr gf }~}cl c}ncr&[an dillizgfj {cmln raizr {an ochi}g{w gfkgbc{i}r di}Wnonf {nlnuaifn bioo~fgbc{gifr&

[CMLN=8 [NLNUAIFN BIOO^FGBC[GIF GFKGBC[I]R !^]MCF CFK ]^]CL'

K^]GFJ =552/=55>GFKGBC[I] ) WNC] =552 =55; =55> =554 =55:

^]MCF BIOO^FGBC[GIF [I[CL BCUCBG[W ID

BIOO^FGBC[GIF

FN[ZI]@

3,>5>,37= 3,>4;,2;7 3>:>,347 3,>15,744 3,>:2,;:4

CUCBG[W DG[[NK!LGFN' 3,343,5;3 3,=;2,121 3,=:1,23> 3,255,5;= 3,2=4,3=>

Uiu~lc{gif !Uniuln' 37,323,7:: 37,:=3,423 =5,25>,=47 =5,755,>2= =3,>21,77>

nlnuaifn knfrg{w!{nlnuaifn) un} 355gfacmg{cfbnr'

2&> ;&3 ;&; ;&42 ;&:;

Lgfnr Tcbcfbgnr !lgfn' ;:4,3>: ;;>,:5= 2:4,725 223,:3; 25;,32:

F~omn} id zi}`gfj

{nlnuaifn lgfnr !lgfn'41;,11; :71,324 753,21> 741,2=1 3,5=3,711

an gfb}ncrn gf {anzi}`gfj {nlnuaifn lgfnr

3;=,415 332,=>= 352,=;7 44,7;2 >2,445

an f~omn} id ocgfnqbacfjnr !f~omn}'

;: >= >; ;7 ;7

an f~omn} id r~mnqbacfjnr !f~omn}'

=51 === ==2 ==7 ==7

]~}cl Bioo~fgbc{gif((

]~}cl Bioo~fgbc{gifBcucbg{gnr dg{{nk !Lgfn' 353,2;; 3=1,21> =;5,=;> 375,>:> 372,>:1

Lgfnr iun}c{gfj !lgfn' 4=,>72 74,5=: 3=;,7=3 3>4,375 341,:31

Un}bnf{cjn id lgfnriun}c{gfj {i ns~guunkbcucbg{gnr !.'

4= :> >= 1= 1:

Ri~}bn8 FC[GIFCL U]IDGLN ID [AN GFDI]OC[GIF RIBGN[W GF WNONF, NRBZC =557&

K& Gf{n}fn{ cfk oimgln rn}tgbnr gf Wnonf

Cbbi}kgfj {i !Cl/N}wcfg, =557', Gf{n}fn{ rn}tgbnr gf Wnonfr{c}{nk gf 3774 zg{a ifn rgfjln u}itgkn}& Rnbifk u}itgkn}

acr mnnf r{c}{nk zi}`gfj gf Cu}gl =55=& Zg}nlnrr cbbnrr {ifn{zi}` zcr l~fbank c{ {an nfk id Knbnomn} =554&Mn{znnf=55;/=554, Wnonf gou}itnk g{r oimglnbioo~fgbc{gif rn}tgbnr cr {an f~omn} id oimgln {nlnuaifnr~mrb}gmn}r h~ounk d}io 3&;12 ogllgif gf =55; {i 2&=53ogllgif =554 !NRBZC, =55:'& [an dillizgfj {cmln raizr{an ochi}g{w gfkgbc{i}r di} Wnonf gf{n}fn{ cfk oimglnrn}tgbnr&

[cmln 28 Gf{n}fn{ cfk Oimgln Uaifn Gfkgbc{i}r gf WnonfRi~}bn8 FC[GIFCL U]IDGLN ID [AN GFDI]OC[GIF RIBGN[W GF WNONF,

NRBZC =55:

N& N/jitn}fonf{ kntnliuonf{ gf Wnonf

[an Wnonf jitn}fonf{, lg`n oir{ i{an} kntnliugfjbi~f{}gnr, gr r{gll {}wgfj {i goulnonf{ G[ gf jitn}fonf{i}jcfgxc{gif, cfk {}w nr{cmlgragfj rion u}ihnb{r cr gfg{gcl

r{nu {i oc`n n/jitn}fonf{ r~ba cr {an Fc{gifcl U}ij}co di}Gfdi}oc{gif [nbafilijw, {ac{ `fizf cr Wnonfn/jitn}fonf{ u}ihnb{ =552& [an dillizgfj [cmln/; raizr{ac{ Wnonf gr r{gll ifn id {an liznr{ bi~f{}gnr gf {n}or id N/jitn}fonf{ kntnliuonf{ mn{znnf =551/cfk =535&[cmln ;8 N/jitn}fonf{ kntnliuonf{r gf znr{n}f Crgc !gfbl~kgfj Wnonf'

mn{znnf =551 cfk =535&

Bi~f{}wN/jitn}fonf{ kntnliuonf

gfknq tcl~nZi}lk n/jitn}fonf{kntnliuonf{ }cf`gfj

=535 =551 =535 =551

Mca}cgf 5&:242 5&>:=2 32 ;=

Bwu}~r 5&>:5> 5&4537 ;= 2>

^fg{nk C}cm Nog}c{nr 5&>2;7 5&4253 ;7 2=

@~zcg{ 5&>=75 5&>=5= >5 >:

Hi}kcf 5&>=:1 5&>;15 >3 =5

Rc~kg C}cmgc 5&>3;= 5&;72> >1 :5

Sc{c} 5&;7=1 5&>23; 4= >2

[~}`nw 5&;:15 5&;12; 47 :4

Iocf 5&;>:4 5&;473 1= 1;

Cxn}mcghcf 5&;>:3 5&;457 12 17

Lnmcfif 5&;211 5&;1;5 72 :;

Jni}jgc 5&;=;1 5&;>71 355 75

C}onfgc 5&;5=> 5&;31= 335 352

Rw}gcf C}cm ]nu~mlgb 5&2352 5&243; 322 337

G}cs 5&=774 5&=475 324 3>3

Wnonf 5&=3>; 5&=3;= 34; 34;

Ri~}bn8 fg{nk Fc{gifr N/Jitn}fonf{ R~}tnw =535&

TG& N/JITN]FONF[ U]IHNB[R GF WNONF





Gfdi}oc{gif Bioo~fgbc{gif [nbafilijw !GB[' grbifrgkn}nk fizckcwr cf nddgbgnf{ {iil rn}tgfj {an u}ij}nrrcfk kntnliuonf{ id bi~f{}gnr !NRBZC, =55:'& [an Wnonfjitn}fonf{, lg`n oir{ i{an} kntnliugfj bi~f{}gnr, gr {}wgfj{i goulnonf{ GB[ gf jitn}fonf{ i}jcfgxc{gif, cfk {}wnr{cmlgragfj rion u}ihnb{r cr gfg{gcl r{nu {i oc`nn/jitn}fonf{ rwr{no r~ba cr {an Fc{gifcl U}ij}co di}Gfdi}oc{gif [nbafilijw, {ac{ `fizf cr Wnonf n/jitn}fonf{ u}ihnb{ !OBG[, =552', cfk {an iddgbgcljitn}fonf{ ui}{cl zagba acr mnnf cffi~fbnk gf =557& Cr{an u}ntgi~r [cmln ; biouc}n Wnonf {i i{an} bi~f{}gnrc}i~fk {an zi}lk cfk raiz {ac{ Wnonf gr r{gll ifn id {anliznr{ bi~f{}gnr gf {n}o id N/jitn}fonf{ kntnliuonf{mn{znnf “=551/=535‟&

C& Dg}r{ N/jitn}fonf{ u}ihnb{ gf Wnonf !=552 '8

[an dg}r{ c{{nou{ {i m~glk n/jitn}fonf{ gf Wnonf zcr

cffi~fbnk gf =552 cfk g{r znmrg{nr zcr lc~fbank c{ {anrcon wnc} m~{ zg{a dcgl~}n& Aizntn}, {an u}ihnb{ zcrkn}cglnk gf {an cmrnfbn id bacfjn/gfk~bgfj nftg}ifonf{!NRBZC, =55:'& Oi}nitn}, oir{ id {an ctcglcmlngfdi}oc{gif rwr{nor lcb` id {nbafgbcl biouc{gmglg{w cfk~ukc{nk gfdi}oc{gif !FGB, =55>'& [agr dg}r{ n/jitn}fonf{u}ihnb{ dcbnk rion u}imlnor zagba lnck {i {an dcgl~}n id {anu}ihnb{0 {anrn u}imlnor bcf mn r~ooc}gxnk cr dillizr83& Cmrnfbn id blnc} tgrgif cfk r{}c{njw di} {an u~}uirn id

{an n/jitn}fonf{ u}ihnb{& =& Cmrnfbn id bii}kgfc{gif cfk gf{nj}c{gif mn{znnf {an

n/jitn}fonf{ u}ihnb{ {nco cfk kgddn}nf{ r{ib`ailkn}rd}io {an jitn}fonf{ ogfgr{}gnr cfk }nlc{nk cjnfbgnr&

2& Cmrnfbn id uilg{gbcl lnckn}ragu&

;&

Bifdlgb{gfj u}gi}g{gnr cmi~{ {an }nruifrgmglg{gnr coifjgftiltnk i}jcfgxc{gifr {izc}k {an n/jitn}fonf{u}ihnb{&

>& Bc}nd~lfnrr d}io rion i}jcfgxc{gif {i kgdd~rgif {ang}gfdi}oc{gif&

4& Lcb` id {nbafgbcl `fizlnkjn cfk biooif {nbafgbclb~l{~}n&

:& Lcb` id rnfrn cfk ribgcl czc}nfnrr id {an goui}{cfbnid n/jitn}fonf{ rwr{no&

1& Lcb` id blnc} on{aikilijgnr cfk oiknlr& 7& Lcb` id n/}nckgfnrr coifj {an jitn}fonf{

i}jcfgxc{gifr nouliwnnr gfbl~kgfj {an {iuocfcjnonf{ cfk lnckn}r&

35& [an jcu mn{znnf {an u}ihnb{ tgrgif cfk {an }ncl

rg{~c{gif&

Mnbc~rn id {an cmitn dcb{i}r, {an u}ihnb{ zcr dcglnk& [andcgl~}n id {an dg}r{ n/jitn}fonf{ u}ihnb{ zcr rnnf d}io i{an}{iu ocfcjnonf{ uigf{ id tgnz cr ckhi~}fonf{ fi{ dcgl~}n

k~n {i {an jitn}fonf{ u}gi} u}ihnb{r r~ba cr gou}itgfjnk~bc{gif rnb{i}r cfk ancl{a rnb{i}r& M& Rnbifk N/jitn}fonf{ u}ihnb{ gf Wnonf !=551 '8

[agr u}ihnb{ zcr nr{cmlgrank gf Rnu{nomn} =551&[anocgf cgo zcr {i goulnonf{ cfk biouln{nlw knrgjf {anWnonf iddgbgcl nlnb{}ifgb ui}{cl& [an dg}r{ r{cjn zcr {iknrgjf {an nlnb{}ifgb gfdi}oc{gif bif{nf{ id cll jitn}fonf{i}jcfgxc{gifr, {c`gfj gf{i cbbi~f{ {an kcglw ~ukc{gfj& Gf {agrr{cjn {an bg{gxnf zgll mnfndg{ d}io n/jitn}fonf{ znmrg{n gf{zi kgddn}nf{ zcwr& Dg}r{ zcw gr dgfkgfj gfdi}oc{gif d}io{an ui}{cl tgc {an gf{n}fn{& Rnbifk zcw, gr gfs~g}gfj cmi~{{an jitn}fonf{ rn}tgbnr tgc {an nocglr cfk bif{cb{rctcglcmln if {an jitn}fonf{ ui}{cl&

D}io {an fnz n/jitn}fonf{ ulcf, {an}n zgll mn u}ihnb{rzi}`gfj gf uc}cllnl zg{a {an ocgf u}ihnb{ cgo {i kntnliu {an{nbafgbcl b~l{~}n& I{an} u}ihnb{r zgll cgo {i kgdd~rgif {an{nbafgbcl r`gllr mw kigfj ocfw {nbafgbcl r`gllr mw kigfjocfw {nbafgbcl bi~}rnr gf ocfw libc{gifr gf Wnonf r~ba crr~oon} bcour !Cl/N}wcfg, =557'&

[an rnbifk r{cjn gf {an fnz n/jitn}fonf{ ulcf zgll mnbifrgkn}gfj {an bifbnu{ id gf{n}cb{gif mn{znnf n/jitn}fonf{ cfk bg{gxnfr gf ifn kg}nb{gif !rnog/gf{n}cb{gif'&[an {ag}k r{cjn id {agr ulcf zgll mn dib~rgfj if n/ucwonf{&[agr r{cjn zgll cgo di} d~ll gf{n}cb{gif gf {zi kg}nb{gifr&

Aizntn}, {an Wnonf n/jitn}fonf{ ui}{cl c{zzz&wnonf&jit&wn gr {an dg}r{ r{nu {izc}k {an d~llgoulnonf{c{gif id {an n/jitn}fonf{ u}ihnb{& [an ocgf cgo

id {agr jitn}fonf{ ui}{cl gr {i oc`n c ~fgdgnk bif{cgfn} di}cll jitn}fonf{ ogfgr{}gnr cfk cjnfbgnr gf ifn rg{n& [agrnlnb{}ifgb ui}{cl o~r{ mn {an iddgbgcl ri~}bn id cll {anjitn}fonf{ gfdi}oc{gif& [agr ui}{cl bcf mn bifrgkn}nk cr{an dg}r{ {}cb` {i {an n/rn}tgbnr cfk {an dg}r{ r{nu {izc}k {and~ll n/jitn}fonf{&

Cbbi}kgfj {i !Cl/N}wcfg, =557' {agr ui}{cl acr ocfwmnfndg{r r~ba cr8 }nk~bn bir{ id rnc}bagfj gfdi}oc{gif,}nk~bn {gon cfk nddi}{ id rnc}bagfj gfdi}oc{gif, cfk u}nuc}n{an ribgn{w di} {an fnq{ r{nu zagba {izc}k {an rnoggf{n}cb{gif zg{a {an jitn}fonf{ znmrg{nr&

Ifn id {an ocgf }ncrifr mnagfk {an r~bbnrr id knrgjfgfjcfk lc~fbagfj {an jitn}fonf{ ui}{cl zg{a cll ogfgr{}gnr id

Wnonf jitn}fonf{ gr {an biomgfc{gif id rnlnb{gfj {anu}ihnb{ {nco zagba bifrgr{r id {nf onomn}r dgtn id {ano c}nd }io {an ogfgr{}w id {nlnbioo~fgbc{gif cfk gfdi}oc{gif{nbafilijw di} {an {nbafgbcl cfk air{gfj grr~nr cfk {an i{an}dgtn c}n d}io {an Gfdi}oc{gif bnf{n} id {an Rnb}n{c}w id {anbcmgfn{ c{ {an U}gon ogfgr{n} iddgbn di} {an ckogfgr{}c{gifcfk uilgbw grr~nr& [agr lnckr {i jn{ c jiik }nruifrn d}io {ankgddn}nf{ ogfgr{}gnr cfk }nlc{nk cjnfbgnr {i ~ulick {ang}gfdi}oc{gif cr }ns~g}nk d}io {an u}ihnb{ {nco {i {an iddgbgclui}{cl gf c uc}{gb~lc} {gon cfk ncba id {ano {c`n {an}nruifrgmglg{w id ~uj}ckgfj {ang} gfdi}oc{gif& [agr bi~lk fi{mn acuunf zg{ai~{ {an gf{n}dn}n id {an rnb}n{c}w id {anbcmgfn{ gf {an U}gon ogfgr{n} iddgbn zagba jgtnr kg}nb{gifr

Gfkgbc{i})Wnc}r =552 =55> =554

Itn}cll gf{n}fn{ r~mrb}gmn}r !r~mrb}gmn}' :;43> 3573=: 3>1;:4

Itn}cll gf{n}fn{ r~mrb}gmn}r !un} 355 gfacmg{cf{r' 5&21 5&>; 5&:4

Gf{n}fn{ ~rn}r !~rn}' ==3555 225555 ;>5555

Itn}cll f~omn} id oimgln uaifn r~mrb}gmn}r 3;12=22 ==::>>2 2=53:74

Oimgln uaifn r~mrb}gmn}r un} 355 gfacmg{cf{r :> 33&= 3>&2

F~omn} id biou~{n}r gf {an bi~f{}w !biou~{n}' =35555 =:5555 225555

Biou~{n} kgrrnogfc{gif knfrg{w

!ifn kntgbn un} 355 gfacmg{cf{r'

3&3 3&2 3&4





cfk gfr{}~b{gif {i {an kgddn}nf{ ogfgr{}gnr cfk cjnfbgnr {i mnif {gon {i ki {ang} }nruifrgmglg{gnr zg{a {an }nrunb{ {i {anrbank~lgfj {gon runbgdgnk mw {an u}ihnb{ {nco&

TGG& BIFBL^RGIF CFK ]NBIOONFKC[GIFR

[an INBK !=552' kndgfnr n/jitn}fonf{ cr “{an ~rn id gfdi}oc{gif cfk bioo~fgbc{gif {nbafilijgnr, cfkuc}{gb~lc}lw {an gf{n}fn{, cr c {iil {i cbagntn mn{{n}jitn}fonf{‟& Gf {agr knrb}gu{gif, {an gf{n}fn{ gr kndgfnk cr c}ns~g}nonf{ cfk c uirrgmln onkg~o di} n/jitn}fonf{& [a~r,{an dg}r{ r{nu, bi~f{}gnr fnnk {i kndgfn {ang} blnc} tgrgif cfkr{}c{njw di} n/jitn}fonf{ rwr{no& [agr m}ick tgrgif id n/jitn}fonf{ rai~lk mn rac}nk zg{a {an cll kgddn}nf{r{c`nailkn}r !jitn}fonf{ cjnfbgnr, Bg{gxnfr, M~rgfnrrnr,cfk i{an}r'& D}io {an n/jitn}fonf{ u}ihnb{‗r {ncogfdi}oc{gif cfk uaifn bcll gf{n}tgnzr cfk clri }nrnc}ban}uigf{ id tgnz cr ifn onomn} id {an {nco, g{ acr mnnf blnc}{ac{ {an}n c}n dcgl~}n cfk r~bbnrr dcb{i}r id goulnonf{gfj n/jitn}fonf{ rwr{no gf {an on{}iuilg{cf bg{w “Rcfc‗c‟/{anbcug{cl bg{w id {an }nu~mlgb id Wnonf& [anrn dcb{i}r bcf mnr~ooc}gxnk cr dillizr8

R~bbnrr dcb{i}r8

3& Oc`n {an jitn}fonf{ nouliwnnr n/}nckw& [ac{oncfr {}cgf {ano di} {an }ns~g}nk GB[ r`gllr cfk `fizlnkjncr znll cr oc`n {ano czc}nfnrr id {an mnfndg{r cfkgoui}{cfbn id {an n/jitn}fonf{ rwr{no&

=& Oc`n {an bg{gxnfr n/}nckw& [ac{ oncfr {i }nk~bn{an jcu mn{znnf {an bg{gxnfr gf {an {nbafilijw b~l{~}n cfkr`gllr&

Dcgl~}n dcb{i}r8

3& [an comgj~i~r tgrgif id {an bifbnu{~cl id {ann/jitn}fonf{&

=& [an cmrnfbn id {an }nckgfnrr cfk czc}nfnrr coifj{an nouliwnnr cfk {an bg{gxnfr&

2& [an kgjg{cl kgtgkn mn{znnf {an bioo~fg{gnr& ]nbioonfkc{gifr8

D}io {an }nrnc}ban} uigf{ id tgnz, rion}nbioonfkc{gif {ac{ Wnonfg jitn}fonf{ rai~lk r{}ifjlwbifrgkn} {izc}kr n/jitn}fonf{ goulnonf{c{gif zagba bi~lkmn fi {nbafilijgbcl dcb{i}r cr znll& [anrn }nbioonfkc{gifrbcf mn r~ooc}gxnk gf {zi r{cjnr8

R{cjn38 N/}nckgfnrr Gfd}cr{}~b{~}n8 [agr acr {i gfbl~kn{an dillizgfj8

3& Nk~bc{gif8 gou}itn {an s~clg{w id nk~bc{gif cfk iddn} nk~bc{gif di} cll&

=& Jnfkn}8 }nk~bn {an jcu mn{znnf oclnrcfk dnoclnr cfk iddn} {ano ns~cl nk~bc{gif cfkbacfbnr&

2& Gfbion8 rgfbn {an JKU un} bcug{c grc}i~fk +3555 ^RK, {an jitn}fonf{ rai~lk }nk~bn {anbir{ id biou~{n}r, {}cgfgfj, cfk gf{n}fn{ cbbnrr cfkoc`n {ano ctcglcmln di} {an cll lcwn}r id bg{gxnfr zg{abancun} u}gbnr&

;& ]~}cl cfk ^}mcf8 }nk~bn {an jcu mn{znnf{an bg{gxnfr gf {an }~}cl cfk ~}mcf c}ncr mw iddn}gfj{ano&

R{cjn=8 N/}nckgfnrr Kgdd~rgif8 [agr acr {i gfbl~kn {andillizgfj8

3& Kgdd~rgif id biou~{n}r cfk gf{n}fn{ b~l{~}n

=&

Blc}gdw {an {ai~ja{ {ac{ “Biou~{n} gr iflw di}runbgclgr{‟&2& Blc}gdw {an ogr~fkn}r{cfkgfj id kcfjn}r id {an

gf{n}fn{ znmrg{nr&;& Blc}gdw {an bifbnu{~cl id n/jitn}fonf{ mnfndg{r

cfk goui}{cfbn di} bg{gxnfr cfk nouliwnnr&Dgfcllw, g{ bcf mn rcgk {ac{ Wnonf u~mlgrank g{r iddgbgcl

ui}{cl gf =557 {izc}kr u}nuc}gfj di} {an zailn n/jitn}fonf{ u}ihnb{ goulnonf{c{gif& [an tgrgif gr fiz blnc}cfk {an u}ibnrrnr c}n rionaiz gknf{gdgnr cfk nr{cmlgrank&Ifn id {an ocgf }ncrifr mnagfk {an r~bbnrr id knrgjfgfjcfk lc~fbagfj {an jitn}fonf{ ui}{cl zg{a cll ogfgr{}gnr id Wnonf jitn}fonf{ gr {an biomgfc{gif id rnlnb{gfj {anu}ihnb{ {nco zagba bifrgr{r id {nf onomn}r, dgtn id {anoc}n d}io {an ogfgr{}w id {nlnbioo~fgbc{gif cfk gfdi}oc{gif{nbafilijw di} {an {nbafgbcl cfk air{gfj grr~nr, cfk {ani{an} dgtn c}n d}io {an Gfdi}oc{gif bnf{n} id {an Rnb}n{c}wid {an bcmgfn{ c{ {an U}gon ogfgr{n} iddgbn di} {anckogfgr{}c{gif cfk uilgbw grr~nr& [agr lnckr {i jn{ c jiik}nruifrn d}io {an kgddn}nf{ ogfgr{}gnr cfk }nlc{nk cjnfbgnr{i ~ulick {ang} gfdi}oc{gif cr }ns~g}nk d}io {an u}ihnb{{nco {i {an iddgbgcl ui}{cl gf c }nrunb{nk {gon, {an}ndi}n ncbaid {ano {c`n {an }nruifrgmglg{w id ~uj}ckgfj {ang} izfgfdi}oc{gif& [agr bi~lk fi{ mn acuunf zg{ai~{ {an gf{n}dn}nid {an rnb}n{c}w id {an bcmgfn{ gf {an U}gon ogfgr{n} iddgbnzagba jgtnr kg}nb{gifr cfk gfr{}~b{gif {i kgddn}nf{ ogfgr{}gnrcfk cjnfbgnr {i mn if {gon {i ki {ang} }nruifrgmglg{gnr zg{a

{an }nrunb{ {i {an rbank~lgfj {gon runbgdgnk mw {an u}ihnb{{nco&

CB@FIZLNKJONF[ [agr zi}` zcr r~uui}{nk mw {an Ogfgr{}w id @fizlnkjn

Nbifiow !O@N', Ri~{a @i}nc, ~fkn} {an Gf{n}fc{gifcl G[Uilgbw U}ij}co !G[UU' c{ Rni~l Fc{gifcl ^fgtn}rg{w&

]NDN]NFBNR

P3_ ^fg{nk Fc{gifr !=551'& ^F N/Jitn}fonf{ R~}tnw =5518 D}io n/jitn}fonf{ {i Biffnb{nk Jitn}fcfbn, Knuc}{onf{ id Nbifiogb cfkRibgcl Cddcg}r, Kgtgrgif di} U~mlgb Ckogfgr{}c{gif cfk Kntnliuonf{Ocfcjnonf{, ctcglcmln c{8a{{u8))~fucf3&~f&i}j)gf{}ckib)j}i~ur)u~mlgb)kib~onf{r)~f)~fucf5=145:&ukd

P=_ Lcwfn, @& cfk Lnn, H&Z& !=553'&Kntnliugfj d~llw d~fb{gifcl N/jitn}fonf{8 C di~} r{cjn Oiknl, Jitn}fonf{ Gfdi}oc{gif S~c}{n}lw31!=', 3==/324&

P2_ Bc}{n}, L& cfk Mnlcfjn}, D& !=55>'& [an ~{glgxc{gif id n/jitn}fonf{ rn}tgbnr8 bg{gxnf {}~r{, gffitc{gif cfk cbbnu{cfbn dcb{i}r,Gfdi}oc{gif rwr{no H 3>, >/=>&

P;_ Tclnf{gfc !=55;'& N ‒ jitn}fonf{ di} Kntnliugfj Bi~f{}gn0Iuui}{gf~{gnr cfk Bacllnfjnr& [an Nlnb{}ifgb Hi~}fcl if Gfdi}oc{gifRwr{nor gf Kntnliugfj Bi~f{}gnr, NHGRKB !=55;' 31, 3, uu& 3/=;&

P>_ Ann`r, ]& !=552' N/jitn}fonf{ di} Kntnliuonf{ U}ihnb{r Dcgl8 Aizbcf ]gr`r mn ]nk~bn9 gJitn}fonf{ zi}`gfj ucun} rn}gnr, Ucun} fi&3;& Ctcglcmln c{ a{{u8)) a{{u8))~fucf3&~f&i}j)gf{}ckib)j}i~ur)u~mlgb)kib~onf{r)FGRUCbnn)^FUCF53>;11&ukd





P4_ INBK,=552 “INBK n/Jitn}fonf{ R{~kgnr8 [an n/Jitn}fonf{Goun}c{gtn,‟ INBK U~mlgbc{gifr, D}cfbn, =552

P:_ NRBZC !Nbifiogb cfk Ribgcl Bioogrrgif di} znr{n}f Crgc',!=55:' Fc{gifcl U}idgln id {an gfdi}oc{gif ribgn{w gf Wnonf, ^fg{nk

Fc{gif ctcglcmln c{8a{{u8))zzz&nrbzc&~f&i}j)zrgr)}nui}{r)kibr)WnonfY=55>/N&ukd

P1_ [an Wnonfg n/jitn}fonf{ ui}{cl u}ihnb{ kib~onf{c{gif, !=551,=557'&

P7_ Kckc, K& !=554'& “[an Dcgl~}n id N/jitn}fonf{ gf KntnliugfjBi~{~}gn}r8 C Lg{n}c{~}n ]ntgnz‟& [an Nlnb{}ifgb Hi~}fcl ifGfdi}oc{gif Rwr{nor gf Kntnliugfj Bi~f{}gnr, NHGRKB !=554' =4, :,3/35&

P35_ ^fg{nk Fc{gifr !=535'& ^F N/Jitn}fonf{ R~}tnw =5358 Lntn}cjgfjn/jitn}fonf{ c{ c {gon id dgfcfbgcl cfk nbifiogb b}grgr, ^fg{nkFc{gifr, Fnz Wi}`, =535& Ctcglcmln c{8a{{u8))~fucf3&~f&i}j)gf{}ckib)j}i~ur)u~mlgb)kib~onf{r)~f)~fucf5211>3&ukd

P33_ Zi}lk Mcf` !=557'& Zi}lk Kntnliuonf{ ]nui}{, ctcglcmln c{a{{u8))nbif&zi}lkmcf`&i}j) cbbnrrnk if Rnu{nomn} 3>, =535&

P3=_ FGB !Fc{gifcl Gfdi}oc{gif Bnf{n}' !=55>', N/jitn}fonf{ “Wnonf‗ruc}{gb~lc}g{gnr cfk on{aikilijw di} cbagntgfj comg{gif‟& Ucun}r~mog{{nk {i Wnonf‗r Rai~}c bi~fbgl onn{gfj&

P32_ Mcr~, R& !=55;', “N/Jitn}fonf{ cfk Kntnliugfj Bi~f{}gnr8 CfItn}tgnz‟, Gf{n}fc{gifcl ]ntgnz id Lcz Biou~{n}r $ [nbafilijw,Til 31, Fi& 3, uu& 357‒32=&

P3;_ Rac}gdg, A& cfk Xc}ng M, !=55;'& Cf ckcu{gtn cuu}icba di}goulnonf{gfj n/jitn}fonf{ gf G&]& G}cf, Hi~}fcl id Jitn}fonf{Gfdi}oc{gif 25 !=55;' 455‒437, kig835&3534)h&hjg&=55;&35&55>





C Knrgjf Oiknl id Mcf`gfj Znmrg{n gf Un}runb{gtn id Mnactgi}cl Dncrgmglg{w R{~kw

O}& Rc}ctcfcf&B O}& Tgfcw ]

Crrgr{cf{ U}idnrri}, Knuc}{onf{ id OBC, R{~knf{, 2}k Rnonr{n}, Knuc}{onf{ id Onbacfgbcl Nfjgfnn}gfj]&T&Billnjn id Nfjgfnn}gfj ]&T&Billnjn id Nfjgfnn}gfj

Mcfjcli}n, Gfkgc Mcfjcli}n, Gfkgc

Cmr{}cb{‛Gf [ikcw‗r fn{zi}` zi}lk, rnb~}g{w gr {an ochi}

bifbn}f cll itn} {an zi}lk& Zanf fnz rnb~}g{w oncr~}nr actn

kntnliunk {i riltn {an nqgr{gfj {a}nc{, c fnz c{{cb` gr u}ik~bnk

mw {an oclgbgi~r ~rn}r& [agr ucun} knclr zg{a u}imlnor }nlc{nk

{i ogkkln cjnk j}i~u uniuln cfk cjnk uniuln zagln ~rgfj mcf`

znmrg{nr di} {}cfrcb{gifr cfk i{an} zi}`r& Uagragfj gr ifn id

{an }ncrif zan}n uniuln ctigk ~rgfj n/mcf`gfj& Gf {agr ucun}

zn c}n jgtgfj r~jjnr{gifr {i nfacfbn {an dnc{~}n id mcf`gfj

znmrg{nr mcrnk if mnactgi}cl dncrgmglg{w r{~kw mw ~rgfj

rgo~lc{gif

@nwzi}kr/Rnb~}g{w,Uagragfj,n/mcf`gfj,mnactgi}cl dncrgmglg{w&

G& GF[]IK^B[GIF

Uagragfj gr {an zi}k zagba gr {iugfj {an lgr{ id bwmn}b}gonr cr {agr gr {an r{c}{gfj b}gon zagba lnckr {i cll i{an}bwmn} b}gonr& Uagragfj gr {an cb{ id cbs~g}gfj u}gtc{n i}rnfrg{gtn kc{c d}io un}rifcl biou~{n}r di} ~rn gf d}c~k~lnf{cb{gtg{gnr& [ikcw Uagragfj znmrg{nr c}n gfb}ncrgfj c{ cfclc}ogfj }c{n kcw mw kcw& Cbbi}kgfj {i Gfkgcf Biou~{n}Non}jnfbw ]nruifrn {nco PBN][/ Gf_ gf {an r~}tnwbifk~b{nk mw {ano, i~{ id 357 rnb~}g{w gfbgknf{r }nui}{nk gf

{an oif{a id Rnu{nomn} =533, =1. gfbgknf{r zn}n }nlc{nk {iUagragfj P3_&

Ocfw uniuln ctigk n/mcf`gfj r{c{gfj Uagragfj cr ifn id {an }ncrif& Cjnk uniuln clri dgfk kgddgb~l{gnr mnbc~rn id {ang}tgrgif u}imlno {ac{ gfb}ncrnr zg{a {ang} cjn& Knb}ncrgfjcmglg{w {i dib~r if fnc} {cr`r }nlc{nk {i biou~{n} rb}nnf,Lcb` id bifdgknfbn cfk {}~r{ zi}{aw gf ~rgfj mcf`gfjznmrg{n oc`n uniuln {i gjfi}n ~rgfj iflgfn mcf`gfj{}cfrcb{gifr& Gf {n}or id rnb~}g{w, uniuln c}n clri zi}}gnkcmi~{ {ang} fn{ mcf` lijgf kn{cglr {i mn acb`nk mw~fc~{ai}grnk oclgbgi~r ~rn}r& B~r{ion}r c}n bn}{cgflwbifbn}fnk id jgtgfj {ang} mcf` cbbi~f{ f~omn} iflgfn&F~on}i~r r{~kgnr actn gknf{gdgnk lcb` id {}~r{ cr ifn id {anocgf }ncrifr {ac{ bifr~on}r c}n r{gll }nl~b{cf{ {i bifk~b{

{ang} dgfcfbgcl {}cfrcb{gifr iflgfnGf bcrn id non}jnfbw, ~rn}r kif‗{ jn{ cuu}iu}gc{n }nruifrnr

d}io {an rn}tn} cr {an di}o id Cbbi~f{ r{c{nonf{r cfk i{an}

iflgfn {}cfrcb{gif kn{cglr& Oir{ id {agr ibb~}r k~n {i

{nbafgbcl u}imlnor& ^rn}r clri dnnl {ac{ gf{n}fn{ mcf`gfj

gftiltnr gf c ucun}lnrr m~rgfnrr nftg}ifonf{& [anw dnc} {ac{

U}ib& id {an Gf{l& Bifd& if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr ‒ Til~on

3& Biuw}gja{ § =53= [nbafi Di}~o J}i~u, Gfkgc&

GRMF8 7:1/13/7=5>:>/:/4 88 kig8 35& :2511)GRMFY5:41

CBO "8 kmn}&gon}c&35& :2511

gd {anw ki fi{ actn z}g{{nf u}iid id {}cfrcb{gifr, {anw zglllirn {an cmglg{w {i u}itn cfw{agfj& [anw zcf{ {an bif{}il cugnbn id ucun} rnnor {i jgtn {ano& Nk~bc{nk ~rn}r c}n clrir{gll ~rgfj {an mcf` ucrrmii` di} {ang} mcf`gfj {}cfrcb{gifrcfk fi{ ~rgfj {an dcbglg{gnr id {an fn{ mcf`gfj di} {an{}cfrcb{gifr& [an grr~n id b~r{ion} ~fdcoglgc}g{w zg{a {angf{n}fn{, zagba gr u}iogfnf{ coifj rnfgi} bg{gxnfr, acr}nbnf{lw bc~ja{ rion c{{nf{gif, mnbc~rn {anrn b~r{ion}rmnlgntn {ac{ {anw c}n lnd{ c{ c kgrcktcf{cjni~r uirg{gif cfkmnbion tn}w }nl~b{cf{ gf kigfj m~rgfnrr iflgfn& OcfwU}ibnk~}nr c}n gftiltnk gf ~rgfj fn{ mcf`gfj cr biouc}nk {iC[Or& Mcf`gfj {a}i~ja iflgfn acr non}jnk cr cf goui}{cf{}nri~}bn di} bif{}illgfj {an {}cfrcb{gifr, }nk~bgfj {an bir{ mw}nulcbgfj ucun} zi}`r zagba gf {~}f lnckr {i nddgbgnf{u}ik~b{gtg{w cfk u}idg{cmglg{w P=_&Dgj 3 }nu}nrnf{r {an r{c{gr{gbr id uagragfj }c{n di} {an wnc}=533, d}io Hcf~c}w {gll Rnu{nomn}& Gf {an oif{a id Cu}gl=533, {an}n zcr agja }c{n id uagragfj gfbgknf{r&Dgj =}nu}nrnf{r {an jnf~gfn znmrg{n id mcf`gfj znmrg{n cfk Dgj 2}nu}nrnf{r uagragfj znmrg{n zagba kgddn}r iflw gf {an ^]L&

Dgj 3& Uagragfj R{c{gr{gbr gf {an wnc} =533

!Hcf~c}w {i Rnu{nomn{'





Dgj =& Jnf~gfn Mcf`gfj Znmrg{n

Dgj 2& Uagragfj Znmrg{n zagba kgddn}r gf ]L

GG& NQGR[GFJ U]IMLNOR ZG[A MCF@GFJ ZNMRG[NR

[nq{ bili} cfk Dif{ rgxn grr~n

[an {nq{r c{ {an rg{n c}n {wunk zg{a c tn}w rocll dif{ cfk

{an dif{ bili} gr u}cb{gbcllw gknf{gbcl {i {an mcb`j}i~fk bili}&

G{ u}ntnf{r {an tgrg{i}r d}io r{~kwgfj {an gfdi}oc{gif c{ {an

rg{n cr r~ba dif{r c}n tn}w {g}gfj di} {an nwnr& [an

mcb`j}i~fk bili} id rion id {an znmrg{nr gr {ii m}gja{ cfk

oi{lnw& [an {nq{ jn{r lir{ if r~ba mcb`j}i~fk cfk g{ gr ac}k

di} tgrg{i}r {i }nck cfw{agfj&

Rliz Rn}tn} ]nruifrn [gonrRion mcf` znmrg{nr bif{cgfr oi}n j}cuagbr {acf {an

knrg}nk lntnl zagba }nr~l{r gf knlcw gf lickgfj {an ucjn&

Rion{gonr m~glkgfj c ucjn clri gftiltnr biffnb{gifr {i

kc{cmcrn rn}tn}r, rlizgfj kizf {an u}ibnrr ntnf d~}{an}& C

~rn} kinr fi{ mi{an} zaw }nruifrn {gonr c}n rliz& Cll {anw

`fiz gr {ac{ {an rg{n kinr fi{ iddn} jiik rn}tgbn& [an lntnl id

{}~r{ j}ck~cllw }nk~bnr k~n {i liz }nruifrn {gonr Cffiwgfj imhnb{r gf {an znmrg{nr

Cjnk ^rn}r dgfk Dlcragfj cfk mlgf`gfj gf {an znmrg{n {i

mn g}}g{c{gfj di} {ano &[anw clri dgfk ucjnr zg{a g}}nlntcf{

oc{n}gcl r~ba cr cktn}{grnonf{r kgr{}cb{gfj {i {ano& Cb{gifr

Rb}illgfj cfk i{an} oi~rn cb{gtg{gnr c}n c lnc}fnk

mnactgi~} cfk mnbion oi}n kgddgb~l{ zg{a cjn& ^rgfj u~ll/

kizf onf~r, rb}illgfj lgr{r cfk rb}illgfj ucjnr gr kgddgb~l{ {i

~fkn}r{cfk, cbbnrrgfj {an g{nor zac{ gr blgb`cmln gru}imlnoc{gb di} rion nlkn}lw ~rn}r&Rnb~}g{w grr~nr

Rnb~}g{w cfk kc{c bifdgknf{gclg{w grr~nr actn mnnf c

ochi} mc}}gn} gf {an mcf`gfj gfk~r{}w gf {an b~}}nf{ un}gik

P2_& Rion b~r{ion}r ctigk iflgfn mcf`gfj cr {anw un}bngtn g{

cr mngfj {ii t~lfn}cmln {i d}c~k& [an rnb~}g{w oncr~}nr

nouliwnk mw oir{ mcf`r bcf fntn} mn biouln{nlw rcdn m~{ g{

mnbionr lnrr rnb~}n gd ~rn}r c}n bc}nlnrr i} biou~{n}

gllg{n}c{n& Cf gfb}ncrgfjlw uiu~lc} b}gogfcl u}cb{gbn {i jcgf

cbbnrr {i c ~rn}*r dgfcfbnr gr Uagragfj, zan}nmw {an ~rn} gr gf

rion zcw un}r~cknk {i acfk itn} {ang} ucrrzi}k!r' {i c

d}c~kr{n}&

[cmln 3 }nu}nrnf{r {an jnfn}cl u}imlnor dcbnk mw nlkn} ~rn}rgf ~rgfj mcf`gfj znmrg{n iflgfn& Nlkn} ~rn}r r~jjnr{ 2 ochi}dcb{i}r lg`n rnb~}g{w, rgouln knrgjf id znmrg{n cfk {}cgfgfj gfknbgkgfj {an ~rcmglg{w id mcf`gfj }nlc{nk znmrg{nr&Mcf`gfj i}jcfgxc{gifr bcf bifbnf{}c{n oi}n if {anrn dcb{i}rri cr {i gfb}ncrn {an f~omn} id nlkn}lw iflgfn ~rn}r&Dgj ;}nu}nrnf{r {an {iu u}gi}g{w dcb{i}r r~jjnr{nk mw {ano {infacfbn {an mcf`gfj znmrg{n dnc{~}nr&

[cmln 3& Un}bnf{cjn kgtgrgif id u}imlnor dcbnk mw nlkn} ^rn}r

Rl&Fi U}imlnor dcbnk mw nlkn} ~rn}rUn}bnf{cjn

3 Di}oc{{gfj== .

= Rliz Rn}tn} ]nruifrn {gon=;.

2 Cffiwgfj imhnb{r31 .

; Rnb~}g{w grr~nr== .

> Lcb` id Biou~{n} Czc}nfnrr3; .

Dgj ;& Ochi} dcb{i}r r~jjnr{nk mw nlkn}lw ~rn}r

GGG& KNRGJF OIKNL ID [AN ZNMRG[N

Mcf`r bcf {c`n {an dillizgfj oncr~}nr {i gfb}ncrn {andncrgmglg{w id {an nlkn}lw ~rn}rKnrgjf ^rn} D}gnfklw znmrg{n





[an mcf` znmrg{n rai~lk mn di}oc{{nk gf c ~rn} d}gnfklw

ocffn}& Biou~{n} hc}jif cfk ocfw {nbafgbcl {n}or ~rnk if

rg{nr {ac{ bifd~rn {an ~rn}r rai~lk mn ctigknk &[an znmrg{n

rai~lk mn knrgjfnk gf c r~ba c zcw {ac{ nlkn} b~r{ion}rrai~lk mn dcoglgc} {i iun}c{n&Tgr~cl Knrgjf di} znmrg{n

Nqun}gnfbnk ilkn} ~rn}r bcf rbcf ucjnr cr znll cr

wi~fjn} ~rn}r, m~{ ilkn} ~rn}r zg{a tgrgif kndgbg{r fnnk {i mn

cbbiooikc{nk zg{a r~g{cmln bif{}cr{ clifj zg{a anckgfjr {i

anlu {ano fc}}iz {ang} tgr~cl rnc}ba Cjnk ~rn}r jnfn}cllw

u}ndn} lc}jn} {nq{&Znmrg{n ~rcmglg{w

^rn}r rai~lk mn cmln {i cbagntn runbgdgnk jiclr zg{a

nddnb{gtnfnrr, nddgbgnfbw cfk rc{grdcb{gif& Jiik biftnf{gifr,

Blnc} knrb}gu{gif id {an ~{glg{gnr cfk bifbgrn bif{nf{ gf {an

znmrg{n rai~lk mn ocgf{cgfnk

Gf{n}cb{gtn Znmucjn

Knrgjf biftnf{gif r~ba cr ~fkn}lgfnk lgf`r rai~lk mn

dilliznk Mcf` Znmrg{nr rai~lk actn oi}n anlu iu{gifr cfk

rai~lk mn oi}n gf{n}cb{gtn zg{a J^G lg`n C[O&

GT& JNFN]CL R[NUR [I MN BIFRGKN]NK MW MCF@R

Mcf`r rai~lk u}itgkn r~jjnr{gifr cfk fnbnrrc}w cktgbnr

if {an goui}{cfbn id rnb~}g{w u}nbc~{gifr {i g{r nlkn}

b~r{ion}r P;_&]~}cl c}nc }nrgknf{ uniuln c}n fi{ czc}n id

iflgfn mcf`gfj cfk i{an} dnc{~}nr id mcf`gfj znm rg{n

P>_&Mcf`r cfk dgfcfbgcl i}jcfgxc{gifr bcf {c`n {an dillizgfj

r{nur {i gfb}ncrn f~omn} id nlkn}lw ~rn}r {i ~rn iflgfn

mcf`gfj& Mcf`r rai~lk nk~bc{n {ang} b~r{ion}r cfk ocfcjn

jnfn}cl bifr~on}r‗ un}bnu{gif id {an }gr`r gf{}cfrcb{gfj if {an gf{n}fn{&

Gf i}kn} {i ocgf{cgf rnb~}g{w cfk u}gtcbw id {annlkn}lw b~r{ion}r, zanf ~rgfj iflgfn mcf`gfj,Mcf`r bcf i}jcfgxn rnogfc} cfk zi}`raiur di}{ano&

Rion Nlkn} b~r{ion}r u}ntnf{ iflgfn mcf`gfj k~n {ilcb` id biou~{n} r`gllr& [anw bcf mn nk~bc{nk ifRion Mcrgb biou~{n} r`gllr fnnknk {i bifk~b{iflgfn mcf`gfj&

Mcf`r rai~lk gfrgr{ if {an biftnfgnfbn {ac{ iflgfnmcf`gfj bcf u}itgkn {i nlkn} uniuln, r~ba cr

ctigkgfj lifj s~n~n, gf i}kn} {i oi{gtc{n {ano {i~rn g{&

Mcf`r bcf clri oi{gtc{n {an nlkn}lw ~rn}r if bir{rctgfj {ac{ iflgfn bcf u}itgkn, r~ba cr }nk~b{gif gf{}cfrcb{gif bir{ mw ~rn id iflgfn mcf`gfj

Mcf`r rai~lk gfb}ncrn czc}nfnrr coifj nlkn}b~r{ion}r mw bifk~b{gfj czc}nfnrr u}ij}cor cfkoc`n {ano dnnl iflgfn mcf`gfj gr clri rnb~}n di}bifk~b{gfj dgfcfbgcl {}cfrcb{gifr lg`n {}ckg{gifclmcf`gfj&

T& BIFBL^RGIF

Mcf`gfj {a}i~ja iflgfn acr c tn}w m}gja{ cfk u}iogrgfj

d~{~}n gf {an nwnr id Nlkn} b~r{ion}r& Gd Mcf`r u}itgkn {ano

zg{a fnbnrrc}w r~uui}{ cfk r~jjnr{gifr, ochi}g{w id {an

nlkn}lw b~r{ion}r zgll {}w {i nqun}gnfbn iflgfn mcf`gfj&

Nlkn} b~r{ion}r actn r{}ifj bifdgknfbn gf {ang} mcf`r m~{

{ang} bifdgknfbn lntnl gf {an {nbafilijw gr c{ liz lntnl&

Mcf`r rai~lk gfb}ncrn {an lntnl id czc}nfnrr [anw c}n }nckw

{i ckiu{ iflgfn mcf`gfj gd mcf`r bcf {c`n fnbnrrc}w cb{gifr&

Mcrnk if {an r~jjnr{gifr d}io {an nlkn}lw ~rn}r, mcf`r bcfoikgdw {an knrgjf uc{{n}f cfk ~rn} gf{n}dcbn id {an znmrg{n&

]NDN]NFBNR

P3_ BN][/gf Oif{alw Rnb~}g{w M~lln{gf, Gfkgcf Biou~{n} Non}jnfbw]nruifrn {nco, Knuc}{onf{ id Gfdi}oc{gif [nbafilijw, Ogfgr{}w id Bioo~fgbc{gifr cfk Gfdi}oc{gif [nbafilijw

P=_ Uiihc oclai{}c, Mclzgfkn} rgfja, “[an Goucb{ id Gf{n}fn{ Mcf`gfj ifMcf` Un}di}ocfbn cfk ]gr`8 [an Gfkgcf Nqun}gnfbn‟, N~}crgcfHi~}fcl id M~rgfnrr cfk Nbifiogbr =557, = !;', uu ;2/4=&

P2_ Fnac Kgqg{, K}& Rc}ih @& Kc{{c “Cbbnu{cfbn id N/mcf`gfj coifjCk~l{ B~r{ion}r8 Cf Noug}gbcl Gftnr{gjc{gif gf Gfkgc‟ Hi~}fcl id Gf{n}fn{ Mcf`gfj cfk Bioon}bn, C~j~r{ =535, til& 3>, uu&=&

P;_ Cfk}nc Rbacnba{n}, “Grr~nr gf Nlnb{}ifgb Mcf`gfj8 Cf itn}tgnz‟,

GOD Uilgbw Kgrb~rrgif Ucun}, Gf{n}fc{gifcl Oifn{c}w D~fk =55=&

P>_ Hgcsgf Wcfj, Og`n Zag{ndgnlk cfk @c{hc Minaon * Fnz grr~nr cfkbacllnfjnr dcbgfj n/mcf`gfj gf }~}cl c}ncr8 cf noug}gbcl r{~kw* Gf{& H&Nlnb{}ifgb Dgfcfbn, Til& 3, Fi& 2, =55: uu& 224 / 2>;





Rnocf{gb Znm [nbafgs~n Cuulw N/O~rn~o Kiocgf ^rgfj {an U}i{çjç [iil di}If{ilijw Mcrnk Rnocf{gb Rnc}ba

@&Uclcfgcoocl,]nrnc}ba Rbailc}, G[ Knuc}{onf{ ,

[agcjc}chc} Billnjn id Nfjgfnn}gfj,

Ock~}cg/4=>53>, [coglfck~, Gfkgc&

Cmr{}cb{ 8 [an Rnocf{gb Znm gr cf nq{nfrgif id {an b~}}nf{znm gf zagba }nlntcf{ gfdi}oc{gif gr jgtnf {i {an }ns~g}nkuniuln mw {c`gfj gf{i cbbi~f{ {an oncfgfj id {an zi}kr&

[agr ucun} u}nrnf{r rnocf{gb znm {nbafgs~n cuulw N/o~rn~o kiocgf ~rgfj {an U}i{çjç {iil di} if{ilijw mcrnk

gfdi}oc{gif }n{}gntcl& G{ gftiltnr QOL, ]KD cfk If{ilijwzagln rnc}bagfj {an gfdi}oc{gif& [an if{ilijw gr mngfjb}nc{nk zg{a U}i{çjç zagba gr {an {iil ~rnk cr cf if{ilijw

nkg{i}& ]nr~l{r raiz {ac{ oi}n }nlntcf{ gfdi}oc{gif gr}n{}gntnk ~rgfj {an u}iuirnk cuu}icba&

@nwzi}kr8 If{ilijw, ]KD, Rnocf{gb Znm, Gfdi}oc{gif

]n{}gntcl, N/o~rn~o, U}i{çjç [iil&

G& GF[]IK^B[GIF Oir{ id {an rnc}ba nfjgfnr rnc}ba di} `nwzi}kr {i

cfrzn} {an s~n}gnr d}io ~rn}r& [an rnc}ba nfjgfnr

~r~cllw rnc}ba znm ucjnr di} {an }ns~g}nk gfdi}oc{gif&

Aizntn} {anw dgl{n} {an ucjnr d}io rnc}bagfj

~ffnbnrrc}w ucjnr mw ~rgfj cktcfbnk clji}g{aor& [anrn

rnc}ba nfjgfnr bcf cfrzn} {iugb zgrn s~n}gnr nddgbgnf{lw

cfk nddnb{gtnlw mw kntnliugfj r{c{n/id c}{ clji}g{aor&

Aizntn} {anw c}n t~lfn}cmln gf cfrzn}gfj gf{nllgjnf{

s~n}gnr d}io {an ~rn} k~n {i {an knunfknfbn id {ang}

}nr~l{r if gfdi}oc{gif ctcglcmln gf znm ucjnr& [an ocgf

dib~r id {anrn rnc}ba nfjgfnr gr riltgfj {anrn s~n}gnrzg{a blirn {i cbb~}c{n }nr~l{r gf rocll {gon ~rgfj o~ba

}nrnc}bank clji}g{aor& Aizntn}, g{ raizr {ac{ r~ba

rnc}ba nfjgfnr c}n t~lfn}cmln gf cfrzn}gfj gf{nllgjnf{

s~n}gnr ~rgfj {agr cuu}icba& [anw ng{an} raiz gfcbb~}c{n

}nr~l{r zg{a {agr cuu}icba i} raiz cbb~}c{n m~{ !bi~lk

mn' ~f}nlgcmln }nr~l{r zg{a {an `nwzi}kr mcrnk rnc}banr{anw ~r~cllw u}itgkn }nr~l{r d}io mlijr !gd ctcglcmln' i}

i{an} kgrb~rrgif mic}kr& [an ~rn} bcffi{ actn c

rc{grdcb{gif zg{a {anrn }nr~l{r k~n {i lcb` id {}~r{r if

mlijr n{b& [i jn{ {an {}~r{nk }nr~l{r rnc}ba nfjgfnr

}ns~g}n rnc}bagfj di} ucjnr {ac{ ocgf{cgf r~ba

gfdi}oc{gif c{ rion ulcbn& [agr }ns~g}nr gfbl~kgfj

kiocgf `fizlnkjn gf {an znm ucjnr {i anlu rnc}banfjgfnr gf cfrzn}gfj gf{nllgjnf{ s~n}gnr& [an lcwn}nk

oiknl id Rnocf{gb Znm u}itgknr ril~{gif {i {agr

u}imlno mw u}itgkgfj {iilr cfk {nbafilijgnr {i nfcmln

ocbagfn }nckcmln rnocf{gbr gf b~}}nf{ znm bif{nf{r&


Til~on 3& Biuw}gja{ § =53= [nbafi Di}~o J}i~u,

Gfkgc&

GRMF8 7:1/13/7=5>:>/:/4 88 kig8 35&

:257>)GRMFY5:41

CBO "8 kmn}&gon}c&35& :257>

Znm rnc}ba gr c `nw {nbafilijw id {an Znm, zagba gr

nrrnf{gcllw mcrnk if c biomgfc{gif id {nq{~cl `nwzi}k

rnc}ba zg{a cf goui}{cfbn }cf`gfj id {an kib~onf{r

knunfkgfj if {an lgf` r{}~b{~}n id {an Znm& Di} {agr

}ncrif, g{ acr ocfw lgog{c{gifr, cfk {an}n c}n c uln{ai}c

id }nrnc}ba cb{gtg{gnr {izc}kr oi}n gf{nllgjnf{ Znm

rnc}ba, bcllnk rnocf{gb rnc}ba if {an Znm, i} clri

Rnocf{gb Znm rnc}ba, zagba gr b~}}nf{lw ifn id {an

ai{{nr{ }nrnc}ba {iugbr gf mi{a {an Rnocf{gb Znm cfk

Znm rnc}ba !rnn P1_ cfk P:_, }nrunb{gtnlw'&

[an rnocf{gb znm gr c oncfgfjd~l znm& G{ gr c onra

id gfdi}oc{gif lgf`nk ~u gf r~ba c zcw cr {i mn ncrglwu}ibnrrcmln mw ocbagfnr, if c jlimcl rbcln P=_& [an

rnocf{gb znm mcb`mifn {nbafilijw gr if{ilijw&

If{ilijw gr cmi~{ {an nqcb{ knrb}gu{gif id {agfjr cfk

{ang} }nlc{gifragur& Di} {an znm, if{ilijw gr cmi~{ {an

nqcb{ knrb}gu{gif id znm gfdi}oc{gif cfk {an }nlc{gifragu

mn{znnf znm gfdi}oc{gif P3_ P2_& [an rnocf{gb znm grmcrnk if c lcfj~cjn r~ba cr QOL, ]KD, IZL cfk {iil

{ac{ oc`n ~rn id {anrn lcfj~cjnr& [an rnocf{gb znm gr

jnfn}cllw m~gl{ if rwf{cqnr zagba ~rn ^]Gr {i }nu}nrnf{

kc{c, ~r~cllw gf {}gulnr !r~mhnb{, u}nkgbc{n, cfk imhnb{'

mcrnk r{}~b{~}nr8 g&n& ocfw {}gulnr id ^]G kc{c {ac{ bcf mn

anlk gf kc{cmcrn i} gf{n}bacfjnk if {an Zi}lk Zgkn Znm

~rgfj c rn{ id uc}{gb~lc} rwf{cqnr kntnliunk nrunbgcllw

di} {an {cr`& [anrn rwf{cqnr c}n bcllnk “]nri~}bn

Knrb}gu{gif D}conzi}`‟ rwf{cqnr&

Gf {agr ucun}, zn u}iuirn {an rnocf{gb znm mcrnk

rnc}ba nfjgfn di} o~rn~o kiocgf zg{a cffi{c{gifr

b}nc{nk di} ntn}w billnb{gifr& Zn cuulw {an uizn} id

QOL on{c/{cjr knuliwnk if {an znm ucjn {i rnc}ba {an

s~n}gnk gfdi}oc{gif& [an QOL ucjn zgll mn bifrgr{nk id

m~gl{/gf cfk ~rn} kndgfnk {cjr& [an on{ckc{c gfdi}oc{gif

gr nq{}cb{nk d}io {agr QOL gf{i ]KD& [an ]KD {}gulnr

c}n uiu~lc{nk mw gfu~{{gfj {a}i~ja QDi}or P34_& [anrn

{cjr zgll anlu {an rwr{no gf jn{{gfj cfrzn} d}io }nlgcmln

ri~}bnr& Gf {agr zi}` zn dib~rnk if {an o~rn~o

kiocgf& RSL gr ~rnk di} }n{}gntgfj }nr~l{r di} i~} rcoulns~n}gnr& Rnocf{gb gf{n}iun}cmglg{w gr cbagntnk mw ~rgfj

if{ilijgnr zagln {an ~rn id QOL)]KD nfr~}nr ocbagfn

~fkn}r{cfkcmglg{w&

[an goulnonf{c{gif id {an rnocf{gb znm knunfkr if

{nbafilijgnr r~ba cr QOL, ]KD, cfk IF[ILIJW





zagba c}n cll Z2B }nbioonfkc{gifr& Gf {agr ucun} zn

knrb}gmnk gf {an fnq{ rnb{gif lg{n}c{~}n r~}tnw, rnb{gif 2

u}nrnf{r zac{ gr o~rn~o, o~rn~or cfk {an rnocf{gb

znm, rnb{gif ; u}nrnf{r goulnonf{c{gifr, rnb{gif > di}

bifbl~rgifr cfk dgfcllw raizr }ndn}nfbnr&

GG& LG[N]C[^]N R^]TNW[an RB^LU[N^] P3;_ u}ihnb{ gr cf if{ilijgbcl

mcrnk ril~{gif di} fctgjc{gfj, rnc}bagfj cfk }n{}gntgfj

kgjg{cl b~l{~}cl an}g{cjn gfdi}oc{gif d}io o~l{guln

kgr{}gm~{nk kgjg{cl o~rn~or& [an fc{~}n id {an zi}` d}io

{agr tgnz uigf{ gr jlimcl if{ilijw mcrnk rnocf{gb

gf{nj}c{gif di} o~l{guln an{n}ijnfni~r kc{cmcrnr P3>_&

Ac`gc P35_ gr c jnfn}cl u~}uirn rnocf{gb rnc}ba

nfjgfn {ac{ rnc}ba r{}~b{~}nk {nq{ lg`n Zg`gunkgc& Ac`gc

bcllr g{rnld c “oncfgfj/mcrnk !rnocf{gb' rnc}ba nfjgfn‟

P33_& [anw‗}n {}wgfj {i u}itgkn rnc}ba }nr~l{r mcrnk if

oncfgfj oc{ba, }c{an} {acf mw {an uiu~lc}g{w id rnc}ba

{n}or& [an u}nrnf{nk fnzr, Mlijr, B}nkgmln, cfk jclln}gnr

c}n u}ibnrrnk mw ac`gc*r u}iu}gn{c}w bi}n rnocf{gb{nbafilijw bcllnk SKNQgfj P35_& G{ bcf u}ibnrr cfw `gfk

id kgjg{cl c}{ndcb{ mw g{r Rnocf{gb]cf` {nbafilijw ~rgfj

{ag}k uc}{w CUG dnnkr P3=_& C rgfjln s~n}w mw {an ~rn}

m}gfjr }nr~l{r d}io cfw }nuirg{i}w gfbl~kgfj Znm, Fnzr,

Mlijr, Tgkni, Gocjnr, Ac`gc Jclln}gnr cfk clri d}io

B}nkgmln Ri~}bnr P3=_& Di} rai}{ s~n}gnr {an rg{n kgrulcwr

}nr~l{r gf bc{nji}gnr, gfr{nck id c r{cfkc}k lgr{ cr raizf

gf b~}}nf{ rnc}ba nfjgfnr& Di} lifjn} s~n}gnr, Ac`gcagjalgja{r }nlntcf{ ua}crnr i} rnf{nfbnr& [an }nr~l{r c}n

rionaiz }nlntcf{ cfk }nlgcmln m~{ Ac`gc kinr fi{ }ntncl

g{‗r gfrgkn {nbafilijw& Ac`gc {c`n {an rnc}bank s~n}w cfk

dgfk {an }nr~l{r gf ocfw bc{nji}gnr di} nqcouln d}io

jclln}gnr, tgknir n{b& ri g{ {ii` oi}n {gon {acf {an ~r~clrnc}ba nfjgfnr gf {an }n{}gntcl id }nr~l{r P35_&

KnnuKwtn P32_ gr c uizn}d~l, u}idnrrgifcl }nrnc}ba

nfjgfn {ac{ ln{r ~rn}‗r cbbnrr nqun}{ bif{nf{ d}io {an

“Knnu Znm‟ {an uc}{ id {an gf{n}fn{ {ac{ gr fi{ gfknqnk

mw {}ckg{gifcl rnc}ba nfjgfnr& G{ gfknqnr ntn}w zi}k gf c

kib~onf{, m~{ clri biou~{nr {an dcb{i}gcl biomgfc{gif id

zi}kr cfk ua}crnr gf {an kib~onf{ cfk ~rnr rion

gfk~r{}gcl r{}nfj{a r{c{gr{gbcl {nbafgs~nr {i crrnrr {an

“gfdi}oc{gifcl goucb{‟ id {anrn biomgfc{gifr P33_& [an

u}nrnf{c{gif id rnc}ba }nr~l{r gr tn}w bioulnq& G{ u}nrnf{r

{an ~rn}r zg{a ocfw cktcfbnk iu{gifr di} }ndgfgfj,

ri}{gfj i} rctgfj {an rnc}ba& [an rnc}ba }nr~l{r c}n

aizntn} }nlc{gtnlw ncrw {i fctgjc{n& [an }nr~l{ru}nrnf{nk c}n iflw di} {an ucgk b~r{ion}r, {anw c}n fi{

ctcglcmln di} {an jnfn}cl u~mlgb&

GGG& O^RN^OR CFK [AN RNOCF[GB ZNM

C& O~rn~o

C o~rn~o gr c fif/u}idg{ oc`gfj, un}ocfnf{

gfr{g{~{gif gf {an rn}tgbn id ribgn{w cfk id g{r

kntnliuonf{, cfk iunf {i {an u~mlgb, zagba cbs~g}nr,

bifrn}tnr, }nrnc}banr, bioo~fgbc{nr cfk nqagmg{r, di}

u~}uirnr id r{~kw, nk~bc{gif cfk nfhiwonf{, oc{n}gcl

ntgknfbn id uniuln cfk {ang} nftg}ifonf{&

C runbgcl bac}cb{n}gr{gb id b~l{~}cl billnb{gif bif{nf{r

gr rnocf{gb }gbafnrr& Billnb{gif G{nor actn c agr{i}w cfkc}n }nlc{nk gf ocfw zcwr {i i~} nftg}ifonf{, {i {an

ribgn{w, cfk {i i{an} billnb{gif g{nor ;_& [agr rnocf{gb

fn{zi}` gr fi{ lgog{nk {i c rgfjln billnb{gif, m~{ rucfr

itn} i{an} }nlc{nk billnb{gifr gf i{an} o~rn~or& [an

fn{zi}` id rnocf{gb crribgc{gifr bcf mn nq{nfknk {i

bif{nf{r id i{an} {wunr gf i{an} i}jcfgxc{gif, cr znll&

O~ba id {an rnocf{gb znm bif{nf{ zgll mn

u~mlgrank ~rgfj rnocf{gb ui}{clr& R~ba ui}{clr{wugbcllw u}itgkn {an nfk/~rn} zg{a {zi mcrgb

rn}tgbnr8 c rnc}ba nfjgfn mcrnk if {an rnocf{gbr id

{an bif{nf{ cfk kwfcogb lgf`gfj mn{znnf ucjnr

mcrnk if {an rnocf{gb }nlc{gifr gf {an ~fkn}lwgfj

`fizlnkjn mcrn& Rnocf{gb znm {nbafilijw nfcmlnr

fnz uirrgmglg{gnr zanf znm rnc}bagfj o~rn~obillnb{gifr if {an rnocf{gb znm

M& ^rgfj rnocf{gb znm {nbafilijgnr di} N/

O~rn~or

O~rn~or uirrnrr lc}jn coi~f{r id kgjg{gxnk kc{c cfk

On{c kc{c gf {ang} billnb{gif kc{cmcrn& C runbgcl

bac}cb{n}gr{gb id b~l{~}cl billnb{gif bif{nf{r grrnocf{gbcllw }gbafnrr zg{a cf gf{n}biffnb{nk fc{~}n&

Billnb{gif g{nor actn c agr{i}w cfk c}n }nlc{nk gf ocfw

zcwr {i i~} nftg}ifonf{, {i {an ribgn{w, cfk {i i{an}

billnb{gif g{nor& Rnocf{gb znm On{c kc{c cfk if{ilijw

r{cfkc}kr cfk {iilr, r~ba cr ]KD cfk ]KD rbanoc bcf

mn ~rnk di} ocfcjgfj tn}rc{glg{w id bifbnu{r cfk

crribgc{gif gf c fitnl zcw cfk di} oc`gfj g{ nqulgbg{ di}

{an o~rn~o tgrg{i}r cfk }nrnc}ban}r P4_& [an znm oc`nr

g{ uirrgmln {i bifrilgkc{nk kc{c d}io kgr{}gm~{nk

an{n}ijnfni~r billnb{gif cfk u~mlgranr g{ di} cfwmikw

zai acr cf Gf{n}fn{ cbbnrr&

[i }nclgxn {anrn gkncr, zn actn kntnliunk c

knoifr{}c{gifcl u}i{i{wun id c rnocf{gb znm ui}{clbcllnk “Cffi{c{gif di} O~rn~o billnb{gifr‟& [agr rwr{no

bif{cgfr billnb{gif id b~l{~}cl cfk c}{gdcb{r& [an u}ihnb{

acr fgfn oik~lnr cr dillizgfj

C}bacnilijw

C}{

Cf{a}iuilijw

F~ogroc{gbr

Mi{cfw

Jnilijw

Xiilijw

Banogbcl bifrn}tc{gif

Baglk}nf‗r O~rn~or[an billnb{gifr gfbl~kn ocfw oi}n r~m bif{nf{r& [an

bif{nf{r bion d}io {an billnb{gif id {an Fc{gifcl

O~rn~o, [cfhi}n O~rn~o, Banffcg O~rn~o, Ock~}cg

o~rn~o n{b&&&

B& Imhnb{gtnr

[an ocgf jiclr id kntnliugfj {an rwr{no c}n {an

dillizgfj

Jlimcl tgnz {i kgr{}gm~{nk billnb{gifr

G{ gr uirrgmln {i ~rn {an an{n}ijnfni~r kgr{}gm~{nk

billnb{gifr id {an o~rn~or uc}{gbguc{gfj gf {an rwr{no cr

gd {an billnb{gifr zn}n gf c rgfjln ~fgdi}o }nuirg{i}w&

O~rn~or gfdi}oc{gif }n{}gntcl

[an rwr{no r~uui}{r gf{nllgjnf{ gfdi}oc{gif }n{}gntclmcrnk if if{ilijgbcl bifbnu{r, fi{ if rgouln `nwzi}k





r{}gfj oc{bagfj cr gr b~r{ioc}w zg{a b~}}nf{ rnc}ba

nfjgfnr P7_&

Rnocf{gbcllw gf{n}iun}cmglg{w

C oir{ gf{n}nr{gfj crunb{ id {an billnb{gif g{nor {i

{an nfk/~rn} gr {an goulgbg{ rnocf{gb }nlc{gifr {ac{ }nlc{n

billnb{gif kc{c zg{a {ang} bif{nq{ cfk {i ncba i{an}& Gf

o~rn~o billnb{gifr, r~ba crribgc{gifr c}n nquirnkkwfcogbcllw {i {an nfk/~rn} mw kndgfgfj {ano gf {n}or id lijgbcl u}nkgbc{n }~lnr {ac{ oc`n ~rn id {an ~fkn}lwgfj

if{ilijgnr cfk billnb{gif on{ckc{c&

Ncrw libcl bif{nf{ u~mlgbc{gif

[an ui}{cl rai~lk u}itgkn {an o~rn~or zg{a c

bir{/nddnb{gtn u~mlgbc{gif bacffnl& [an r~bbnrr id {an

zzz gr {an ncrw id bif{nf{ u~mlgbc{gif&

GT& GOULNONF[C[GIFR

C& If{ilijw di} Kib~onf{ {wun cfk Bif{nf{r8

If{ilijw biou}grnr {an tibcm~lc}w& G{ gr ockn ~u id

{zi uc}{r fconlw, kib~onf{ cfk kib~onf{ {wun&

Kib~onf{ gr b}nc{nk di} O~rn~o billnb{gifr cfkkib~onf{ {wun bifrgr{r id bif{nf{r di} g{& If{ilijw gr

b}nc{nk di} ]KD& ]KD acr dgtn dgnlkr fconlw, blcrr,

r~mblcrr, u}iun}{gnr, kiocgf cfk }cfjn&

Blcrr8 Blcrrnr c}n cmr{}cb{ j}i~ur, rn{r, i} billnb{gifr

id imhnb{r& G{ ocw bif{cgf gfkgtgk~clr, i{an} blcrrnr, i} c

biomgfc{gif id mi{a&

]nlc{gifragur !r~mblcrr'8 Cf goui}{cf{ ~rn id

c{{}gm~{nr gr {i knrb}gmn {an }nlc{gifragur !clri `fizf cr}nlc{gifr' mn{znnf imhnb{r gf {an if{ilijw& [wugbcllw c

}nlc{gif gr cf c{{}gm~{n zairn tcl~n gr cfi{an} imhnb{ gf

{an if{ilijw&

C{{}gm~{nr8 Imhnb{r gf {an if{ilijw bcf mn knrb}gmnk

mw crrgjfgfj c{{}gm~{nr {i {ano& Ncba c{{}gm~{n acr c{ lncr{c fcon cfk c tcl~n, cfk gr ~rnk {i r{i}n gfdi}oc{gif {ac{

gr runbgdgb {i {an imhnb{ g{ gr c{{cbank {i& Gf {agr kib~onf{,

O~rn~o billnb{gif gr goulnonf{nk& [an ~rn} bcf tgnz

{an bifbnu{r d}io bif{nf{r cfk clri d}io {an u}iun}{gnr

id bif{nf{r cr c kcw/{i/kcw u}ibnrr {a}i~ja {agr o~rn~o

billnb{gif& [agr u}iun}{w bif{cgfr {an C}bacnilijw, C}{,

Cf{a}iuilijw, F~ogroc{gbr, Xiilijw, Jnilijw,

Baglk}nf‗r o~rn~or, Banogbcl bifrn}tc{gif, cfk

Mi{cfw& [an ~rn} bcf tgnz oi}n, ~rgfj {an u}iun}{gnr id

lgf`r gf {an di}o id r{nu/mw/r{nu u}ibnrr {a}i~ja {anrn

o~rn~o billnb{gifr& [an ~rn} bcf ~ukc{n cfw }nlc{nk

bifbnu{r c{ cfw{gon ~rgfj {an u}iun}{gnr id lgf`r&

M& M~glkgfj If{ilijwIf{ilijgnr c}n {an bi}n {nbafilijw di} {an

Rnocf{gb Znm& If{ilijw kndgfnr {an {n}or ~rnk {iu}nrnf{ c kiocgf id `fizlnkjn {ac{ gr rac}nk mw uniuln,

kc{cmcrnr, cfk cuulgbc{gifr& [an Rnocf{gb Znm {a~r

u}itgknr nqulgbg{ oncfgfj {i {an gfdi}oc{gif cfk rn}tgbnr

ctcglcmln if {an Znm di} c~{ioc{nk u}ibnrrgfj cfk

gfdi}oc{gif gf{nj}c{gif mcrnk if {an ~fkn}lwgfj

if{ilijw& If{ilijw gr cf nqulgbg{ cfk di}ocl

runbgdgbc{gif id c bifbnu{~clgxc{gif& [an If{ilijgnr c}n

~rnd~l di} gou}itgfj {an cbb~}cbw id Znm rnc}banr&[a~r

rnc}ba nfjgfnr bcf lii` di} ucjnr {ac{ }ndn} {i c u}nbgrn

bifbnu{ gf if{ilijw& Znm rnc}banr bcf nqulig{

jnfn}clgxc{gif) runbgclgxc{gif gfdi}oc{gif &[a~r, gd cs~n}w dcglr {i dgfk cfw }nlntcf{ kib~onf{r, {an rnc}ba

nfjgfn ocw r~jjnr{ {i {an ~rn} c oi}n jnfn}cl s~n}w cfk

gd {ii ocfw cfrzn}r c}n }n{}gntnk, {an rnc}ba nfjgfn ocw

r~jjnr{ {i {an ~rn} rion runbgclgxc{gifr& O~rn~o

if{ilijw gr kntnliunk {i rac}n biooif ~fkn}r{cfkgfj id

{an r{}~b{~}n id knrb}gu{gtn gfdi}oc{gif coifj uniuln,

coifj rid{zc}n cjnf{r cfk mn{znnf uniuln cfk rid{zc}n

cfk {i nfcmln }n~rn id kiocgf `fizlnkjn zagba ctigkr“}n/gftnf{gfj {an zannl‟ cfk {i gf{}ik~bn r{cfkc}kr {i

clliz gf{n}iun}cmglg{w& [an }ncrifr di} b}nc{gfj cf

if{ilijw gr {i oc`n kiocgf crr~ou{gifr nqulgbg{ g&n&,

ncrgn} {i bacfjn kiocgf crr~ou{gifr cfk ncrgn} {i

~fkn}r{cfk cfk ~ukc{n lnjcbw kc{c cfk {i rnuc}c{n

kiocgf `fizlnkjn d}io {an iun}c{gifcl `fizlnkjn&Gf {agr ucun} ~rn c f~omn} id r{cfkc}k oc}`~u

lcfj~cjnr, r~ba cr ]KD, {i di}ocllw oiknl gfdi}oc{gif

}nu}nrnf{nk gf znm }nri~}bnr& [an Rnocf{gb Znm gr c

znm id ocbagfn u}ibnrrcmln oncfgfjr ~fkn}ugffnk mw

rac}nk cfk di}ocllw kndgfnk if{ilijgnr& Gf i}kn} {i

bii}kgfc{n kgddn}nf{ rnocf{gb znm cb{gtg{gnr, o~rn~o

if{ilijw gr nqulgbg{lw kndgfnk {i rac}n c bif{nq{~clbifbnu{~clgxc{gif id {an o~rn~o kiocgf& [agr cllizr

{an ~rn}r {i oc`n {ang} }nri~}bnr oi}n ocbagfnr

u}ibnrrcmln mw billcmi}c{gtnlw bifr{}~b{gfj cf nf}gbank

lcwn} id {an rnocf{gb znm {ac{ lgf`r o~rn~o c}{gdcb{r

zg{a di}ocl rnocf{gbr {i r~uui}{ i{an} rnocf{gb

cb{gtg{gnr r~ba cr rnocf{gb s~n}w, cjj}njc{gif cfk

gfdi}oc{gif }n{}gntcl&

Dgj& 3 IZL Blcrrnr [an Dgj& 3 raizr {an if{ilijw di} o~rn~o rn}tgbnr&

[an If{ilijw gr b}nc{nk mw actgfj {an }ii{ fikn cr

“{agfj‟ {anf dillizr {an tc}gi~r bc{nji}gnr lg`nC}bacnilijw, C}{, Cf{a}iuilijw, F~ogroc{gbr, Mi{cfw,

Jnilijw, Xiilijw, banogbcl bifrn}tc{gif, cfk baglk}nf‗r

o~rn~o& Ncba r~m bc{nji}w acr ocfw i{an} fiknr

}nlc{nk {i g{& G{ bifrgr{gfj IZL blcrrnr, }nlc{gifragur id

IZL blcrrnr cfk gfkgtgk~clr di} o~rn~o if{ilijw& [an

o~rn~o if{ilijw gr b}nc{nk ~rgfj u}i{çjç 2&;&:& B& If{ilijw di} Tc}gi~r Oik~lnr Crribgc{nk Zg{a

Bif{nf{r

[an bif{nf{ zcr cffi{c{nk ~rgfj ]KD cfk

}ndn}nfbn {i tc}gi~r if{ilijgnr& [an kc{crn{ gr on{ckc{c

id itn} 25555 billnb{gifr id imhnb{r, n&j& C}bacnilijw,

C}{, Cf{a}iuilijw, F~ogroc{gbr, Mi{cfw, Jnilijw,

Xiilijw, banogbcl bifrn}tc{gif, cfk baglk}nf‗r o~rn~ogf ]KD {}gulnr di}oc{ }nr~l{r cr mnliz&





Dgj&3 Rnocf{gb znm rnc}ba nfjgfnr

Dgj&= ]KD [}gulnr di} o~rn~or billnb{gifr

K& J}cua id {an Kc{c Oiknl

An}n {an kc{c oiknl di} aion ucjn cfk

f~ogroc{gbr c}n b}nc{nk& [an lcfj~cjn ~rnk di} b}nc{gfj

kc{c oiknl gr QOL cfk ]KD&

Dgj&2 Kc{c Oiknl

;&> D}conzi}` di} {an rnocf{gb znm o~rn~or

]KD bcf mn ~rnk cr c jnfn}cl d}conzi}` di} kc{c

nqbacfjn if {an znm& [an ]KD kc{c oiknl kgr{gfj~granr

mn{znnf }nri~}bnr, zagba c}n imhnb{ gknf{gdgn}r}nu}nrnf{nk mw ^]Gr, cfk lg{n}clr, zagba c}n h~r{ r{}gfjr&

[an r~mhnb{ cfk {an u}nkgbc{n id c r{c{nonf{ c}n clzcwr

}nri~}bnr, zagln {an imhnb{ bcf mn c }nri~}bn i} c lg{n}cl&

Gf ]KD }nr~l{r, }nri~}bnr c}n clzcwr k}czf cr itclr, cfk

lg{n}clr c}n k}czf cr miqnr&

Dgj&; Gocjn Cffi{c{gifr ]KD zcr ~rnk gf cffi{c{gfj agr{i}gbcl b~l{~}cl bif{nf{r&

T& BIFBL^RGIFRGf {agr ucun} u}nrnf{nk {an knrgjf cfk goulnonf{c{gif

id rnocf{gb znm {nbafgs~n {i gou}itn znm rnc}ba gf

o~rn~o billnb{gifr& Rnocf{gb Znm rnc}ba nfjgfn zcr

b}nc{nk, If{ilijw cfk ]KD zn}n kntnliunk& [agr zi}`





u}nrnf{nk {an fi{gif id rnocf{gb i}gjgfcl on{c/kc{c

oiknl cllizgfj if{ilijw mcrnk fconk/nf{g{w, gfknqgfj,

cfk }n{}gntcl& F~omn} id grr~nr }nlc{nk {i {an

}nu}nrnf{c{gif cfk {an ~rcjn id {an rnocf{gb cffi{c{gif

zn}n ckk}nrrnk& [an dgnlkr kgrb~rrnk gfbl~kn {an

rnocf{gb znm, gfdi}oc{gif nq{}cb{gif, n/o~rn~or,

if{ilijw }nlc{nk {iugbr, bifbnu{~cl oiknlgfj, ]KDd}conzi}` oiknlgfj cfk znm rn}tgbnr& [an rwr{no ocwclri nq{nfk {i r~uui}{ i{an} kiocgfr lg`n nk~bc{gif,

{i~}gro, cfk cfw gfdi}oc{gif }n{}gntcl rwr{no

]NDN]NFBNR

P3_& U~mlgragfj cfk ^rgfj If{ilijgnr cr Ocra/û Rn}tgbnr8 @goTglhcfnf, Hi~fg [~iogfnf, cfk Nn}i Awt ifnf Rnocf{gb

Biou~{gfj ]nrnc}ba J}i~u !RnBi' Anlrgf`g ^fgtn}rg{w id

[nbafilijw cfk ^fgtn}rg{w id Anlrgf`g&

P=_& Gf{}ik~b{gif {i Rnocf{gb Znm [nbafilijgnr Gtcf An}ocf,

=535 Rnocf{gb [nbafilijw Bifdn}nfbn gf Rcf D}cfbgrbi,

BC, ^RC&

P2_& `fizlnkjn }nu}nrnf{c{gif zg{a if{ilijw8 B&m}nzr{n}, {an

u}nrnf{ cfk d~{~}n, gf{nllgjnf{ rwr{nor , GNNN til37!3'/=55;

P;_& Un}rifclgxnk Bif{nq{/czc}n }nbioonfkc{gifr gf

ROC][O^RNÔ8 biomgfgfj Rnocf{gbr zg{a

R{c{gr{gbr&Gffc} Lggt, [cfnl [coon{, [~~``c ]~i{rcli cfk

Clc} @~~rg`8 U}ibnnkgfjr id {an [an [ag}k Gf{n}fc{gifcl

Bifdn}nfbn if Cktcfbnr gf Rnocf{gb U}ibnrrgfj

!RNOCU]I =557', GNNN Biou~{n} Ribgn{w, Ib{imn}, =557

P>_& O~rn~oDgflcfk / Dgffgra O~rn~or if {an Rnocf{gb Znm&

Nn}i Awtôfnf, Nn{~ Oë`nlë, Og}tc Rclogfnf, C}{{~ Tcli,

@go Tglhcfnf,8 Hi~}fcl id Znm Rnocf{gbr, til& 2, fi& =, uu&

=>, =55>&

P4_& ROC][O^RNÔ @fizlnkjn Nqbacfjn ulc{di}o di}

B}irr/N~}iuncf B~l{~}cl Bif{nf{ Gf{nj}c{gif cfk Oimgln

U~mlgbc{gif8 {iog `c~uugfnf n{ cl/=557&

P:_& [an kczf id rnocf{gb rnc}ba& Biou~{n}, H& Anfkln}& Znm

2&58 ;2!3'8::‒15, =535&

P1_& Fnq{ jnfn}c{gif Znm rnc}ba&

]& C& Mcnxc/Wc{nr cfk U& ]cjactcf& Gf R& Bn}g cfk O&

M}comgllc, nkg{i}r, Rnc}ba Biou~{gfj, LFBR >7>5, uu& 33‒=2& Ru}gfjn}, =535

P7_& Gf{nllgjnf{ Rnocf{gb Znm Rnc}ba Nfjgfnr8 Gf{n}fc{gifcl

hi~}fcl id Znm $ Rnocf{gb [nbafilijw !GHZnr[' Til&=,

Fi&3, Hcf~c}w =533 KIG8 35&>3=3)ghznr{&=533&=352 2; C

M}gnd R~}tnw J&Ocka~3 cfk K}&C&Jitc}kacf=

K}&[&T&]chgfg`cf{a2

P35_& Cf Noug}gbcl Ntcl~c{gif if Rnocf{gb Rnc}ba

Un}di}ocfbn id @nwzi}k/Mcrnk cfk Rnocf{gb Rnc}ba

Nfjgfnr8K& [üon}, O& C& Raca, cfk W& Mg{g}go, Jiijln,

Wcaii, Orf cfk Ac`gc, =557 ;{a Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn

if Gf{n}fn{ Oifg{i}gfj cfk U}i{nb{gif !GBGOU ‗57' =557&

P33_& -[iu > Rnocf{gb Rnc}ba

Nfjgfnr-&a{{u8))zzz&ucfkgc&bio)

P3=_& JiZnm8 c rnocf{gb rnc}ba nfjgfn di} {an lgdn rbgnfbn

znm& MOB mgigfdi}oc{gbr,A& Kgn{xn cfk O& Rba}inkn}, Til&

35, Fi& R~uul 35, uu& R:, =557&

P32_& -KnnuKwtn8 [an lc}jnr{ iflgfn }nf{cl rn}tgbn di}

rbgnf{gdgb, {nbafgbcl cfk onkgbcl }nrnc}ba

a{{u8))zzz&knnukwtn&bio)

P3;_& Fnz zcw {i rnc}ba, fctgjc{n cfk ~rn o~l{gonkgc

o~rn~o billnb{gifr itn} {an znm, o~rn~or cfk {an znm,

Bcfckc/=55>& Oc{anz ckkgr, `g}` oc}{gfnx n{ cl&

P3>_& Jlimcl If{ilijw bifr{}~b{gif di} an{n}ijnfni~r kgjg{cl

o~rn~or8 aifj/Xan Lg~,GNNN/=55:







GRMF8 7:1/13/7=5>:>/:/488 kig8 35& :;;33 )GRMFY5:41

CBO "8 kmn}&gon}c&35& :;;33

B~r{ion} ]nlc{gifragu Ocfcjnonf{ Gf Mcf`r

K]&U&CFM^ILG3, [&]&[AG]^TNF @C[ ]CH

=

Dcb~l{w, Knuc}{onf{ id Ocfcjnonf{ R{~kgnr, Crrgr{cf{U}idnrri},Cffc ^fgtn}rg{w id [nbafilijw Ock~}cg, Mac}c{a Fg`n{cf Nfjgfnn}gfj Billnjn,

Ock~}cg, [cogl Fck~ [anfg, [coglfck~

Cmr{}cb{ / Gf {ikcw‗r rbnfc}gi, bioucfgnr a~f{ di}

b~r{ion}r {i ulncrn {ano gf ntn}w }nrunb{ cfk iddn} {ano {an

mnr{ kncl& “B~r{ion} gr ntn}w{agfj, zai gr {an fnz

}nclgxc{gif id ntn}w u}idg{/oc`gfj bioucfw‟ mnbc~rn {anw

c}n {an }ntnf~n cfk u}idg{r& [an lgmn}clgxc{gif cfk

jlimclgxc{gif id Gfkgcf nbifiow acr {c`nf ulcbn cloir{ c

knbckn cji, {an dib~r uigf{ gf cfw rn}tgbn i}jcfgxc{gif gr

b~r{ion} rn}tgbn& G{ gr oi}n ri gf {an mcf`gfj gfk~r{}w&

B~r{ion} rn}tgbn gr {an mcrn di} m~rgfnrr nqucfrgif mnbc~rn

id {an r{gdd bioun{g{gif u}ntclnf{ gf {an mcf`gfj gfk~r{}w&

[an r~}tgtcl id mcf`gfj m~rgfnrr gr knunfknf{ if b~r{ion}rn}tgbnr&

@nwzi}k8B]O,MCF@,B^R[ION]

G& GF[]IK^B[GIF

B~r{ion} ]nlc{gifragu Ocfcjnonf{ !B]O' gf {an

Gfkgcf mcf`gfj rwr{no gr d~fkconf{cl {i m~glkgfj c

b~r{ion}/bnf{}gb i}jcfgxc{gif& B]O rwr{nor lgf`

b~r{ion} kc{c gf{i c rgfjln cfk lijgbcl b~r{ion}

}nuirg{i}w& B]O gf mcf`gfj gr c `nw nlnonf{ {ac{ cllizr c

mcf` {i kntnliu g{r b~r{ion} mcrn cfk rclnr bcucbg{w& [an

jicl id B]O gr {i ocfcjn cll crunb{r id b~r{ion}

gf{n}cb{gifr gf c ocffn} {ac{ nfcmlnr mcf`r {i ocqgogxn

u}idg{cmglg{w d}io ntn}w b~r{ion}& Gfb}ncrgfj bioun{g{gif,kn}nj~lc{gif, cfk {an gf{n}fn{ actn cll bif{}gm~{nk {i {an

gfb}ncrn gf b~r{ion} uizn}&

“Mw nf{n}gfj gf{i wi~} u}nogrnr, {an b~r{ion} gr

jgtgfj cf iuui}{~fg{w {i rn}tn ago, m~{ wi~ c}n fi{ kigfj

cfw dcti~} mw rn}tgfj

Gf lg{n}c{~}n, ocfw kndgfg{gifr zn}n jgtnf {i knrb}gmn

B]O& [an ocgf kgddn}nfbn coifj {anrn kndgfg{gifr gr

{nbafilijgbcl cfk }nlc{gifragu crunb{r id B]O& Rion

c~{ai}r d}io oc}`n{gfj mcb`j}i~fk nouacrgxn

{nbafilijgbcl rgkn id B]O zagln {an i{an}r bifrgkn} G[

un}runb{gtn id B]O& D}io oc}`n{gfj crunb{, B]O gr

kndgfnk mw PBi~lkznll 3771_ cr “c biomgfc{gif id

m~rgfnrr u}ibnrr cfk {nbafilijw {ac{ rnn`r {i ~fkn}r{cfkc bioucfw‗r b~r{ion}r d}io {an un}runb{gtn id zai {anw

c}n, zac{ {anw ki, cfk zac{ {anw c}n lg`n‟& [nbafilijgbcl

kndgfg{gif id B]O zcr jgtnf cr “{an oc}`n{ ulcbn id {an

d~{~}n gr ~fkn}jigfj c {nbafilijw/k}gtnf on{coi}uairgr‟

PUnuun}r cfk ]ijn}r 377>_& Bifrns~nf{lw, G[ cfk

oc}`n{gfj knuc}{onf{r o~r{ zi}` blirnlw {i goulnonf{

B]O nddgbgnf{lw& Oncfzagln, goulnonf{c{gif id B]O gf

mcf`gfj rnb{i} zcr bifrgkn}nk mw POganlgr n{ cl& =553_&

[anw dib~rnk if {an }ntcl~c{gif id {an b}g{gbcl rc{grdcb{gif

kgonfrgifr cfk {an kn{n}ogfc{gif id b~r{ion} j}i~ur

zg{a kgr{gfb{gtn u}ndn}nfbnr cfk nqunb{c{gifr gf {an

u}gtc{n mcf` rnb{i}& [an on{aikilijgbcl cuu}icba gr

mcrnk if {an u}gfbgulnr id o~l{g/b}g{n}gc oiknlgfj cfk

u}ndn}nfbn kgrcjj}njc{gif oiknlgfj ~rnk di} kc{c cfclwrgr

cfk gf{n}u}n{c{gif& PWlg ]nf`i n{ cl& =553_ actn dib~rnk

if {an ocfcjnonf{ id {an nqbacfjn }nlc{gifragur cfk {an

goulgbc{gifr id r~ba ocfcjnonf{ di} {an un}di}ocfbn cfkkntnliuonf{ id {nbafilijw/mcrnk dg}or cfk {ang}

b~r{ion}r& Runrgdgbcllw {an b~r{ion} }nlc{gifragur id fnz

{nbafilijw/mcrnk dg}or acr mnnf r{~kgnk& PBii` cfk

Acmcmi~, =553_ zcr gf{n}nr{nk gf {i{cl rclnr cb{gtg{gnr,

mi{a til~on/}nlc{nk cfk fif/til~on }nlc{nk& [anw clri

kntnliunk c oikgdgbc{gif id {an r{cfkc}k kc{c nftnliun

cfclwrgr !KNC' r{}~b{~}n ~rgfj jicl u}ij}coogfj

bifbnu{r {ac{ wgnlkr mi{a c rclnr cfk rn}tgbn oncr~}nr&

PMnb`n{{/Bcoc}c{c n{ cl& 3771_ actn fi{nk {ac{ ocfcjgfj

}nlc{gifragur zg{a {ang} b~r{ion}r !nrunbgcllw zg{a

nouliwnnr, bacffnl uc}{fn}r cfk r{}c{njgb cllgcfbn

uc}{fn}r' zcr b}g{gbcl {i {an dg}o‗r lifj/{n}o r~bbnrr& G{

zcr clri nouacrgxnk {ac{ b~r{ion} }nlc{gifragu

ocfcjnonf{ mcrnk if ribgcl nqbacfjn cfk ns~g{w

rgjfgdgbcf{lw crrgr{r {an dg}o gf kntnliugfj billcmi}c{gtn,

biiun}c{gtn cfk u}idg{cmln lifj/{n}o }nlc{gifragur&

Goui}{cfbn id B~r{ion} Rc{grdcb{gif

[an goui}{cfbn id b~r{ion} rn}tgbn di}

bcu{~}gfj m~rgfnrr gf mcf`r acr mnbion c dib~r uigf{ gf

cll r{cjnr id oc}`n{gfj id mcf`gfj rn}tgbnr, rgfbn cloir{

cll mcf`r c}n iddn}gfj oi}n i} lnrr {an rcon u}ik~b{r zg{a

lg{{ln bacfjnr gf fionfblc{~}n& An}n, {an bifbnu{ id

nfacfbgfj {an b~r{ion} rc{grdcb{gif gr c ugti{cl uigf{ {i

c{{}cb{ oi}n cfk oi}n uniuln {i mcf`gfj mw c uc}{gb~lc}

mcf`& Gf {an u}nrnf{ kcw rg{~c{gif, b~r{ion}r mnbiogfj

oi}n cfk oi}n knocfkgfj, mcf`n}r fnnk {i ntiltn fnz

cuu}icbanr, fnz cfk gffitc{gtn u}ik~b{r {i `nnu ucbnzg{a j}izgfj nqunb{c{gifr& Zg{a {an iunfgfj ~u id {an

nbifiow, b~r{ion} rc{grdcb{gifr “acr cbs~g}nk fnz

oncfgfj cfk kgddn}nf{ kgonfrgifr‟ cr mcf`r c}n

kgrbitn}gfj oi}n cfk oi}n gffitc{gtn u}ik~b{r {i onn{

gfb}ncrgfj bioun{g{gif coifj {anornltnr& Gf i}kn} {i

rn}tgbn {an b~r{ion} oi}n nddgbgnf{lw {i {an agjanr{ lntnl

id rc{grdcb{gif, {nbafilijw ~u j}ckc{gif gr cf goui}{cf{

crunb{ {i runnk ~u {an rn}tgbgfj gf cll ruan}nr id mcf`gfj

cfk {i d~ldgll {an b~r{ion} fnnkr&

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ =55




[nbafilijw

[nbafilijw gr anlud~l gf ~uj}ckgfj {an rn}tgbnr {i

onn{ {an bioun{g{gif, g{ zgll mnbion c dclli~{ gd fi{

iun}c{n nddnb{gtnlw cfk nddgbgnf{lw& [nbafilijw/k}gtnfu}ik~b{r r~ba cr knmg{ bc}kr, b}nkg{ bc}kr, {nln/mcf`gfj,

oimgln uaifn mcf`gfj, gf{n}fn{ mcf`gfj, dcq, n/ocgl, anlu

knr` rn}tgbnr, n{b& actn jgtnf oi}n cbbnrr {i b~r{ion}r {i

bioo~fgbc{n {ang} fnnkr gfr{cf{lw cfk {}cfrcb{ {ang}

m~rgfnrr u}iou{lw

B~r{ion} Nqunb{c{gifr

B~r{ion} rn}tgbn gr }ns~g}nk {i mn ~uj}cknk {i rc{grdw

{an b~r{ion} nqunb{c{gifr& [i }nfkn} nddgbgnf{ b~r{ion}

rn}tgbn, {an mcf`n}r actn {i dg}r{ ~fkn}r{cfk, zac{ }ncllw

{an b~r{ion} zcf{r& [an}ndi}n, {an mcf` ocfcjnonf{r

actn {i bif{gf~i~rlw gffitc{n cfk oc`n r{}c{njgnr cfk

ntiltn fnz u}ik~b{r {i c{{}cb{ {an b~r{ion}r& Gf i}kn} {i

cbagntn {agr {cr`, mcf`r actn {i u}nuc}n u}ihnb{r, `nnugfj

gf tgnz, {an u}gi}g{gnr id ncba rnjonf{ id b~r{ion}r

blcrrgdgnk gf{i ogkkln tcl~n b~r{ion}r cfk agja fn{ zi}{a

b~r{ion}r& [agr zgll nfcmln mcf`r {i gffitc{n u}ik~b{r {i

b~r{ion} fnnkr

Bioo~fgbc{gif

Gf{n}cb{gif zg{a b~r{ion}r gr cf goui}{cf{ crunb{ gf

u}itgkgfj mn{{n} rn}tgbn {i {an b~r{ion}r {i {ang} d~llnr{

rc{grdcb{gif& Bioo~fgbc{gif zg{a b~r{ion}r c{ d}if{

iddgbn lntnl zgll anlu mcf`n}r {i }ncllw gknf{gdw {an fnnkr

cfk u}gi}g{gnr id b~r{ion}r& [an}ndi}n, {an }iln id A~ocf

]nri~}bnr Knuc}{onf{ id {an mcf` gr {i u}itgkn nddgbgnf{

r{cdd c{ cll lntnlr, zan}ntn} {an}n gr cf gf{n}cb{gif zg{a

b~r{ion} ng{an} kg}nb{lw i} gfkg}nb{lw& U}iun}

bioo~fgbc{gif r`gllr c}n }ns~g}nk di} {an r{cdd {i knclzg{a {an b~r{ion}r& G{ gr ifn id {an {iu u}gi}g{gnr id mcf`r

{i u}itgkn jiik rn}tgbn&

]nlc{gifragu Ocfcjnonf{

]nlc{gifragu ocfcjn}‗r }iln gf u}itgkgfj c mn{{n}

Rn}tgbn {i {an b~r{ion}r gr ugti{cl {i {an nqucfrgif id

mcf`gfj m~rgfnrr& [agr ]Or ocgf{cgfr }cuui}{,

uc}{gb~lc}lw zg{a agja fn{ zi}{a b~r{ion}r cfk u}itgknr

{ano zg{a cll {an rn}tgbnr {anw fnnk& [agr zgll anlu gf fi{

iflw }n{cgfgfj {an nqgr{gfj b~r{ion} mcrn, m~{ clri {i

bcu{~}n {an fnz blgnf{nln& ]nlc{gifragur c}n oi}n

goui}{cf{ {i u}itgkn jiik b~r{ion} rn}tgbnr&

Cl{n}fc{gtnlw, jiik rn}tgbn zgll anlu {an mcf`n}r {i m~glk

~u }nlc{gifragur& ^flnrr {an rn}tgbn gr u}itgknk {i {and~llnr{ rc{grdcb{gif id {an b~r{ion}r, {c`gfj d~}{an}

}ndn}nfbnr d}io {an nqgr{gfj b~r{ion}r {i nr{cmlgra fnz

}nlc{gifragur gr kgddgb~l{& Cjcgf {agr }ns~g}nr {an rn}tgbn {i

{an nqgr{gfj b~r{ion}r cfk {ang} uc{}ifcjn {i mcf`&

Ocuugfj {an B~r{ion} Fnnkr

Gf {an u}nrnf{ kcw mcf`gfj, {ai~ja{ {an mcf`gfj

rn}tgbnr c}n {nbafilijw/k}gtnf cfk ochi} }iln gr ulcwnk

mw {nbafilijw gf cll knbgrgifr if b~r{ion} rn}tgbnr, {an

}nr{nk on{aikr lg`n b~r{ion} r~}tnwr bif{gf~n {i anlu {an

ocfcjnonf{r gf gknf{gdwgfj {an b~r{ion} fnnkr&

Gknf{gdwgfj {an b~r{ion} fnnkr gr goui}{cf{ mndi}n

u}itgkgfj {an rn}tgbn, ri {ac{ {an cb{~cl }ns~g}nonf{ id {an

uc}{gb~lc} rnjonf{ id b~r{ion} gr on{ zg{a& [agr zgll anlu

ocfcjnonf{r {i actn cf gfrgja{ gf{i b~r{ion} fnnkr cfk

c{{g{~knr& Aiz {i u}nrnf{ {an rn}tgbn

Mcf`gfj gr c rn}tgbn gfk~r{}w cfk mcf`n}r actn {i mngknf{gdgnk mw {an b~r{ion} di} zaio {an rn}tgbn gr

nq{nfknk& G{ gr {an r{c}{gfj uigf{, zan}n {an mcf`n} bionr

gf{i bif{cb{ zg{a {an b~r{ion}& [an}ndi}n, mcf`n} rai~lk

actn jiik c{{g{~kn, cuuncl cfk jiik cuunc}cfbn& Mcf`n}r

actn {i b~l{gtc{n c jiik }nlc{gifragu zg{a {an b~r{ion}&

[anrn dcb{i}r actn c j}nc{ goucb{ if b~r{ion} rn}tgbn& Gf

r~ba rg{~c{gifr, b~r{ion}r zgll mnbion liwcl {i {an

rn}tgbnr u}itgknk mw mcf`n} cfk uc{}ifgrn {an mcf`n}&

Mcf`n} rai~lk ~fkn}r{cfk {an b~r{ion} fnnkr cfk

gknf{gdw {an biooif c}ncr id gf{n}nr{& ]nlc{gifragu

m~glkgfj gr cf gf{nj}cl uc}{ id mcf`gfj m~rgfnrr&

B~r{ion} J}gntcfbnr

]nbngtgfj b~r{ion} bioulcgf{r, lgr{nfgfj {i {an

j}gntcfbnr uc{gnf{lw cfk riltgfj {an u}imlnor gr ifn id

{an goui}{cf{ c}ncr id b~r{ion} rn}tgbn& Di} {agr, c

rnuc}c{n onbacfgro gr u}itgknk mw mcf`r, r~ba cr

“b~r{ion} j}gntcfbn bnllr‟ gf gfkgtgk~cl mcf`r cfk

iom~krocf c{ ncba r{c{n& B~r{ion}r c}n d}nn {i bif{cb{

{an j}gntcfbn bnllr gf mcf`r {i oc`n bioulcgf{r, cmi~{ {an

rn}tgbn, u}imlnor n{b& Mcf`r zgll goonkgc{nlw c{{nfk {i

r~ba j}gntcfbnr cfk rn{{ln {an grr~nr&

Bacfjn id I}jcfgxc{gifcl R{}~b{~}n di} Mn{{n}

Rn}tgbgfj

[an dgfcfbgcl rnb{i} }ndi}or actn m}i~ja{ cmi~{ c

fnnk di} }nr{}~b{~}gfj id mcf`r gf u}itgkgfj jiik

b~r{ion} rn}tgbn& [an f~omn} id gffitc{gtn dgfcfbgcl

u}ik~b{r iddn}nk mw mcf`r gr gfb}ncrgfj r{nckglw& [anu~mlgb rnb{i} mcf`r c}n r{gll bif{gf~gfj zg{a ilk uc{{n}fr

gf {ang} r{}~b{~}n& [anw c}n itn}r{cddnk rnllgfj kgddn}nf{

rbanonr cfk cll {wunr id u}ik~b{r& [agr r{}~b{~}n gr

acoun}gfj b~r{ion} rn}tgbn& Gf {anrn kcwr id r~un}

runbgclgxc{gif, u~mlgb rnb{i} mcf`r actn {i rnj}njc{n {ang}

r{}~b{~}n mw blcrrgdwgfj {an mcf`gfj cr }~}cl mcf`gfj cfk

bioon}bgcl mcf`gfj& Gf r~ba bcrn, {anw bcf bioun{n

nddnb{gtnlw zg{a fnz m}nnk id u}gtc{n rnb{i} mcf`r&

GG& BIFBL^RGIF

B~r{ion} rn}tgbn rai~lk mn {an ocgf oi{{i di}

gou}itnonf{ id m~rgfnrr& [nbafilijw goulnonf{c{gifrai~lk mn runnknk ~u, r~ba cr biou~{n}gxc{gif, nlnb{}ifgb

mcf`gfj& [an mcf`gfj gfk~r{}w gr tgm}cf{ cfk cb{gtn gf

Gfkgc, k~n {i {nbafilijgbcl }ntil~{gif, Mcf`r actn {i

~{glgxn {agr iuui}{~fg{w {i mnbion oi}n cfk oi}n r{}ifj

i}jcfgxc{gifr u}itgkgfj nrrnf{gcl rn}tgbnr&

]NDN]NFBNR

P3_& Clgr, I&D&, @c}c`~}{, N&, $ Onllg, U&, =555, Kc{c Ogfgfj di}

Kc{cmcrn Oc}`n{gfj c{ Jc}cf{g Mcf`, U}ibnnkgfj id {an

Gf{n}fc{gifcl Rnogfc} -Kc{c Ogfgfj =555-, ZG[

U~mlgbc{gifr&

P=_& Mnb`n{{/Bcoc}c{c, N&H&, Bcoc}c{c, O&]&, Mc}`n}, ]&[&, 3771,Gf{nj}c{gfj Gf{n}fcl cfk Nq{n}fcl B~r{ion} ]nlc{gifragur





[a}i~ja ]nlc{gifragu Ocfcjnonf{8 C R{}c{njgb ]nruifrn {ic Bacfjgfj Jlimcl Nftg}ifonf{, Hi~}fcl id M~rgfnrr

]nrnc}ba, ;3, :3/13&

P2_& Mn}}w, O&H&C& $ Lgfidd J&R&, =555, Ocr{n}gfj Kc{c Ogfgfj8

[an C}{ cfk Rbgnfbn id B~r{ion} ]nlc{gifragu Ocfcjnonf{,Hiaf Zglnw $ Rifr, Gfb&

P;_& Bcmnfc, U&, Baig A&A&, @go G&R&, I{r~`c R&, ]ngfrbaogk{ H& $

Rcc}nftg}{c J&, 3777, Gf{nllgjnf{ Ogfn} di} Kc{c Cuulgbc{gifr

J~gkn, GMO ]nkmii`r, RJ=;/>=>=/55&

P>_& >&Bii`, Z&K&, $ Acmcmi~, O&, =553, Rclnr Un}di}ocfbn

Oncr~}nonf{ gf Mcf` M}cfbanr, Ionjc, =7, =77 ‒25:&P4_& Bi~lkznll, B&, 3771, C Kc{c Kcw Mc{{ln, Biou~{gfj, =3

Ocw, 4;‒44&

P:_& Air`gfj, H&]&O&, Unkfc~l{, N& U& K& $ R~kcf, O&, 377:, C

r{c{gr{gbcl un}runb{gtn if kc{c ogfgfj, D~{~}n Jnfn}c{gifBiou~{n} Rwr{nor, 32, 3:/32;&

P1_& Oganlgr, J&, J}gji}i~kgr, N&, Rgr`ir, W&, Uilg{gr, W&, $

Oclcfk}c`gr, W&, =553,

P7_& B~r{ion} Rc{grdcb{gif Oncr~}nonf{ gf {an U}gtc{n Mcf` Rnb{i}, N~}iuncf Hi~}fcl id Iun}c{gifcl ]nrnc}ba, 2;:/245&

P35_& Unuuc}k, H&, =555, B~r{ion} ]nlc{gifragu Ocfcjnonf{

!B]O' gf Dgfcfbgcl Rn}tgbnr,

P33_&

N~}iuncf Ocfcjnonf{ Hi~}fcl, Til& 31, Fi& 2, uu& 23=‒2=:,P3=_& Unuun}r,K&, $ ]ijn}r,O&, 377>, C Fnz Oc}`n{gfj Uc}ckgjo,

Ulcffgfj ]ntgnz, =2!=', 3;‒31&

P32_& ]wclr, L&, $ @fiq, R&, =553, B}irr/D~fb{gifcl Grr~nr gf {an

Goulnonf{c{gif id ]nlc{gifragu Oc}`n{gfj [a}i~ja

B~r{ion} ]nlc{gifragu Ocfcjnonf{, N~}iuncf Ocfcjnonf{

Hi~}fcl, Til& 37, Fi& >, uu& >2;‒>;=&P3;_& Wlg/]nf`i, A&, Rcugnfxc, A&H&, Acw, O&, =553, [an ]iln id

Bif{}cb{~cl Jitn}fcfbn Dlnqgmglg{w gf ]nclgxgfj {an

I~{bionr id @nw B~r{ion} ]nlc{gifragur, Hi~}fcl id

M~rgfnrr Tnf{~}gfj, 34, >=7‒>>>&P3>_& 32&W~cf, R&[&, $ Bacfj, Z&L&, =553, Ogqnk/Gfg{gc{gtn

Rwf{anrgxnk Lnc}fgfj Cuu}icba

P34_& Di} Znm/Mcrnk B]O, Nqun}{ Rwr{nor zg{a

Cuulgbc{gifr,=5,31:/=55&

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ =5=





GRMF8 7:1/13/7=5>:>/:/488 kig8 35& :;;31 )GRMFY5:41

CBO "8 kmn}&gon}c&35& :;;31

CFCLWRGR ID DI]NGJF KG]NB[ GFTNR[ONF[ GF RN]TGBN RNB[I]8 C R[^KW ZG[A ]NDN]NFBN [I GFKGC

K}& @& Oc}cf,Kg}nb{i} / Rcg}co Gfr{g{~{n id

Ocfcjnonf{ R{~kgnr, Banffcg ‒ Gfkgc

]& Cfg{ac]nrnc}ba Rbailc}, Mac}c{agc}

^fgtn}rg{w, Bigomc{i}n ‒ Gfkgc

]& ^kacwcrcf`c} Dcb~l{w, Ocfcjnonf{ R{~kgnr,

Rcg}co Gfr{& id [nba& Banffcg /Gfkgc

Cmr{}cb{ / K~}gfj 3775, {an}n zcr c j}nc{ rn{mcb` gf{an Gfkgcf nbifiow k~n {i {an nbifiogb b}grgr& [anGfkgcf nbifiow r~ddn}nk d}io liz un} bcug{c gfbion,ba}ifgb ~fnouliwonf{, liz bcug{cl di}oc{gif,gfb}ncrnk {}ckn kndgbg{, liz r{cfkc}k id lgtgfj, lizj}iz{a gf JKU, liz gfd}cr{}~b{~}cl kntnliuonf{ n{b& Gftgnz id {an nbifiogb b}grgr cfk {an rai}{cjn id bcug{cl,

{an Jitn}fonf{ id Gfkgc }nclgxnk {an goui}{cfbn id di}ngjf bcug{cl di} {an kntnliuonf{ id {an bi~f{}w&D}io {an un}gik 3773 ifzc}kr {an}n acr mnnfbif{gf~i~r nddi}{ {c`nf mw {an Jitn}fonf{ gfc{{}cb{gfj di}ngjf bcug{cl cfk anfbn {agr un}gik gr{n}onk cr {an uir{ lgmn}clgxc{gif un}gik& [an gfg{gc{gtnr{c`nf mw {an Jitn}fonf{ gfbl~kn gfb}ncrgfj {angftnr{onf{ bcu, u}itgkgfj bifbnrrgifr gf {cqnr cfkiddn}gfj {cq ailgkcwr& Gfkgc zcr {anf c{{}cb{nk {idi}ngjf gftnr{i}r0 cr c }nr~l{ {an}n zcr c ocrrgtngfb}ncrn id di}ngjf gftnr{onf{ dliz gf{i {an bi~f{}w&[an bif{}gm~{gif id DKG gfdliz gf{i {an bi~f{}w zcr ^R+ 3=7 ogllgif gf 3773/7= {i ^R + 2:,31= gf =557/35&K~}gfj =554, {an rac}n id DKG gf {agr rnb{i} zcrgfb}ncrnk k}cr{gbcllw d}io 25&:= un}bnf{ gf =55> {i

43&7; un}bnf{ gf =554& D}io =554 ifzc}kr, cf ~uzc}k{}nfk id DKG gf {agr rnb{i} zcr imrn}tnk& [an}n gr crgjfgdgbcf{ bacfjn d}io ocf~dcb{~}gfj {i rn}tgbn rnb{i}d}io =554 ifzc}kr&

@nwzi}kr8 DKG, Nbifiow, Rn}tgbn Rnb{i}, Nr{goc{nk,

U}n cfk Uir{ Lgmn}clgxc{gif n{b&,

G& GF[]IK^B[GIF

[an Gfkgcf nbifiow acr ockn }noc}`cmln u}ij}nrr k~}gfj {an u}n/lgmn}clgxc{gif un}gik& [ancj}gb~l{~}cl rnb{i} k~}gfj {an un}gik acr u}ij}nrrnk

{a}i~ja j}nnf, wnlliz, zag{n cfk ml~n }ntil~{gifr&[an gfk~r{}gcl rnb{i} acr j}izf cff~cllw mw 4 {i :.cfk {an {n}{gc}w rnb{i} acr bif{}gm~{nk {i {an j}iz{aid {an Gfkgcf nbifiow& K~}gfj 3775, {an}n zcr cj}nc{ rn{mcb` gf {an Gfkgcf nbifiow k~n {i {annbifiogb b}grgr& [an Gfkgcf nbifiow r~ddn}nk d}ioliz un} bcug{c gfbion, ba}ifgb ~fnouliwonf{, lizbcug{cl di}oc{gif, gfb}ncrnk {}ckn kndgbg{, lizr{cfkc}k id lgtgfj, liz j}iz{a gf JKU, liz

gfd}cr{}~b{~}cl kntnliuonf{ n{b& Gf tgnz id {annbifiogb b}grgr cfk {an rai}{cjn id bcug{cl, {anJitn}fonf{ id Gfkgc }nclgxnk {an goui}{cfbn id di}ngjf bcug{cl di} {an kntnliuonf{ id {an bi~f{}w&D}io {an un}gik 3773 ifzc}kr {an}n acr mnnfbif{gf~i~r nddi}{ {c`nf mw {an Jitn}fonf{ gf

c{{}cb{gfj di}ngjf bcug{cl cfk anfbn {agr un}gik gr{n}onk cr {an uir{ lgmn}clgxc{gif un}gik& [angfg{gc{gtnr {c`nf mw {an Jitn}fonf{ gfbl~kngfb}ncrgfj {an gftnr{onf{ bcu, u}itgkgfj bifbnrrgifrgf {cqnr cfk iddn}gfj {cq ailgkcwr&

Di} {an dg}r{ di~} knbcknr cd{n} gfknunfknfbn gf37;:, {an nbifiogb uilgbgnr id {an Gfkgcfjitn}fonf{ zn}n bac}cb{n}gxnk mw ulcffgfj, bif{}ilcfk }nj~lc{gif& ^f{gl {an 3715r, Gfkgc‗r kntnliuonf{r{}c{njw zcr dib~rnk if rnld/}nlgcfbn cfk goui}{r~mr{g{~{gif& [an}n zn}n un}gikgb c{{nou{r c{ oc}`n{/i}gnf{nk }ndi}o, ~r~cllw dillizgfj mclcfbn id

ucwonf{r u}nrr~}nr, zagba gfk~bnk uilgbw }nruifrnr{ac{ biomgfnk nqbacfjn }c{n knu}nbgc{gif cfk cfncrgfj id }nr{}gb{gifr if di}ngjf bcug{cl gfdlizr&Aizntn}, {anrn bif{}ilr zn}n }nlc{gtnlw fc}}iz gfrbiun cfk ack lg{{ln goucb{ if cb{~cl gfdlizr, zagba}nocgfnk rocll& [an rg{~c{gif bacfjnk k}coc{gbcllwzg{a {an ifrn{ id }ndi}o u}ij}coonr gf{}ik~bnk gf{an nc}lw 3775r gf {an cd{n}oc{a id {an mclcfbn id

ucwonf{r b}grgr id 3773&M}icklw runc`gfj, Gfkgc‗r cuu}icba {izc}kr

nq{n}fcl bcug{cl dlizr bcf mn kgtgknk gf{i {a}nn ocgf uacrnr& Gf {an dg}r{ uacrn, r{c}{gfj c{ {an {gon id gfknunfknfbn cfk rucffgfj ~u {i {an nc}lw 3715r,Gfkgc‗r }nlgcfbn if nq{n}fcl dlizr zcr ocgflw}nr{}gb{nk {i o~l{glc{n}cl cfk mglc{n}cl bifbnrrgifcl

dgfcfbn& R~mrns~nf{lw, gf {an bif{nq{ id c zgknfgfjb~}}nf{ cbbi~f{ kndgbg{ k~}gfj {an 3715r, Gfkgcr~uulnonf{nk {agr {}ckg{gifcl nq{n}fcl ri~}bn id dgfcfbgfj zg{a }nbi~}rn {i nq{n}fcl bioon}bgcl licfr,gfbl~kgfj rai}{/{n}o mi}}izgfjr cfk knuirg{r d}iofif/}nrgknf{ Gfkgcfr !F]Gr'& Cr c }nr~l{, {an

u}iui}{gif id rai}{/{n}o knm{ gf Gfkgc‗r {i{cl nq{n}fclknm{ ack gfb}ncrnk rgjfgdgbcf{lw mw {an lc{n 3715r&[an {ag}k uacrn zcr oc}`nk mw {an mclcfbn id

ucwonf{r b}grgr id 3773 cfk {an gfg{gc{gif id {an}ndi}o u}ibnrr&

[an m}ick cuu}icba {i }ndi}o gf {an nq{n}fclrnb{i} zcr ockn gf {an ]nui}{ id {an Agja Lntnl

Bioog{{nn if Mclcfbn id Ucwonf{r mcrnk if {an





}nbioonfkc{gifr ockn mw B& ]cfjc}chcf, Bacg}ocf,Nbifiogb Cktgri}w Bi~fbgl gf 3773& [an imhnb{gtnrid }ndi}o gf {an nq{n}fcl rnb{i} zn}n bifkg{gifnk mw{an fnnk {i bi}}nb{ {an kndgbgnfbgnr {ac{ ack lnk {i

ucwonf{ gomclcfbnr gf 3773& ]nbijfgxgfj cfgfcuu}iu}gc{n nqbacfjn }c{n }njgon, ~fr~r{cgfcmlnb~}}nf{ cbbi~f{ kndgbg{ cfk c }grn gf rai}{/{n}o knm{ gf}nlc{gif {i iddgbgcl }nrn}tnr zn}n coifjr{ {an `nwbif{}gm~{gfj dcb{i}r {i {an b}grgr& C rn}gnr id }ndi}ooncr~}nr zn}n u~{ gf ulcbn& [anw gfbl~knk c rzgd{{}cfrg{gif {i c oc}`n{/kn{n}ogfnk nqbacfjn }c{n}njgon, kgrocf{lgfj id {}ckn }nr{}gb{gifr, c oitn{izc}kr b~}}nf{ cbbi~f{ biftn}{gmglg{w cfk c j}ck~cliunfgfj/~u id {an bcug{cl cbbi~f{& Zagln lgmn}clgxgfj

u}gtc{n bcug{cl gfdlizr, {an Bioog{{nn }nbioonfknk,gf{n}/clgc8 c biouirg{gifcl ragd{ czcw d}io knm{ {ifif/knm{/b}nc{gfj dlizr0 r{}gb{ }nj~lc{gif id nq{n}fcl

bioon}bgcl mi}}izgfjr, nrunbgcllw rai}{/{n}o knm{0kgrbi~}cjnonf{ id {an tilc{gln nlnonf{ id dlizr d}io

F]Gr0 cfk c j}ck~cl lgmn}clgxc{gif id i~{dlizr&Rn}tgbn rnb{i} zcr {an rnbifk c{{}cb{nk rnb{i} di}

di}ngjf gftnr{i}r k~}gfj {an un}gik d}io 3773 {i=55>& M~{ d}io =554 ifzc}kr, {agr rnb{i} mnbcon {anoir{ u}ndn}}nk rnb{i} di} di}ngjf gftnr{i}r zanf g{ grbiouc}nk {i ocf~dcb{~}gfj cfk u}goc}w rnb{i}&K~}gfj =554, {an rac}n id DKG gf {agr rnb{i} zcrgfb}ncrnk k}cr{gbcllw d}io 25&:= un}bnf{ gf =55> {i43&7; un}bnf{ gf =554& D}io =554 ifzc}kr, cf~uzc}k {}nfk id DKG gf {agr rnb{i} zcr imrn}tnk&[cmln ;&1 cfk Bac}{ ;&> nlcmi}c{nr {an dcb{ {ac{ {an

rnb{i}cl biouirg{gif id DKG acr ~fkn}jifn crgjfgdgbcf{ bacfjn d}io ocf~dcb{~}gfj {i rn}tgbnrnb{i} d}io =554 ifzc}kr& [an ochi} ragd{ gf {anbiouirg{gif id DKG gr k~n {i {an uilgbw lgmn}clgxc{gifcfk {an bacfjnr gf rnb{i}cl uilgbgnr id DKG d}io {gon{i {gon& Nc}lgn}, ocfw rnb{i}r zagba zn}n fi{ iunf {iDKG zn}n {a}izf iunf cfk lgog{r id ocfw i{an}ractn mnnf }cgrnk gf {an uir{ lgmn}clgxc{gif un}gik&K~}gfj 3773/=55>, iflw ;2 gfk~r{}gnr zn}n iunfnk {idi}ngjf kg}nb{ gftnr{onf{ m~{ d}io =554 ifzc}kr,k~n {i d~}{an} lgmn}clgxc{gif id DKG uilgbgnr, {anf~omn} id gfk~r{}gnr acr gfb}ncrnk {i 4;&

D~}{an}, {an uanfionfcl ragd{ id DKG gf Gfkgcd}io ocf~dcb{~}gfj {i rn}tgbn rnb{i} acr bc~rnk {anfnnk {i biouc}n rnb{i}cl biouirg{gif id DKG dliz gfGfkgc zg{a {ac{ id {an kntnliunk cfk kntnliugfjbi~f{}gnr gf {an zi}lk&

GG& R[C[NONF[ ID [AN U]IMLNO

K~}gfj 3775, Gfkgc zcr dcbgfj zg{a c rn}gi~rnbifiogb cfk Mclcfbn id Ucwonf{ b}grgr& G{ zcr {an{gon zanf Jitn}fonf{ dnl{ {an fnnk di} di}ngjfbcug{cl {i r~uulnonf{ kionr{gb bcug{cl {i itn}bion{an b}grgr cfk {i r{go~lc{n nbifiogb j}iz{a& Gf 3773,{an Jitn}fonf{ lgmn}clgxnk {an nbifiow mw iunfgfj{an kii}r {i di}ngjf gftnr{i}r ri cr {i m}gfj Gfkgc gf{~fn zg{a {an jlimcl nbifiow& Gfkgc zcr {anf

c{{}cb{nk {i di}ngjf gftnr{i}r0 cr c }nr~l{ {an}n zcr cocrrgtn gfb}ncrn id di}ngjf gftnr{onf{ dliz gf{i {anbi~f{}w& [an di}ngjf gftnr{onf{ gfbl~rgtn id mi{aDKG cfk DUG zagba zcr ^R+322 ogllgif gf 3773/7=

gfb}ncrnk {i ^R + 47,>>: ogllgif gf =557/35& [anbif{}gm~{gif id DKG gfdliz gf{i {an bi~f{}w zcr ^R +3=7 ogllgif gf 3773/7= {i ^R + 2:,31= gf =557/35&K~}gfj =554, {an rac}n id DKG gf {agr rnb{i} zcrgfb}ncrnk k}cr{gbcllw d}io 25&:= un}bnf{ gf =55> {i43&7; un}bnf{ gf =554& D}io =554 ifzc}kr, cf~uzc}k {}nfk id DKG gf {agr rnb{i} zcr imrn}tnk&[an}n gr c rgjfgdgbcf{ bacfjn d}io ocf~dcb{~}gfj {irn}tgbn rnb{i} d}io =554 ifzc}kr&

IMHNB[GTNR ID [AN R[^KW

[i cfclwxn {an di}nbcr{gfj id DKGGfdlizr gf{i Gfkgc

[i gknf{gdw {an {}nfkr cfk r{c{~r id DKG

Gfdlizr gf{i Rn}tgbn Rnb{i}

GGG& ]NTGNZ ID LG[N]C[^]N

Mclcr~fkc}co Ocfgco cfk Cog{gctc Bac{{n}hnn!3771' cfclwrnk if {an kn{n}ogfcf{r id ^R di}ngjfgftnr{onf{ gf Gfkgc0 {}cbgfj {an j}iz{a id ^R DKG gfGfkgc cfk {an bacfjgfj c{{g{~kn id {an GfkgcfJitn}fonf{ {izc}kr g{ cr c uc}{ id {an lgmn}clgxc{gif

u}ij}co& [anw dgfk {ac{ iflw {an }nlc{gtnlw znc` nqbacfjn }c{n cuunc}r {i mn c rgjfgdgbcf{ dcb{i} cfk{ac{ {an ^R DKG acr mnnf gfb}ncrgfj gf killc} coi~f{r cfk }nlc{gtn un}bnf{cjn j}iz{a& [anw bclldi} cf gou}itnonf{ gf gfd}cr{}~b{~}n cfk }nk~b{gifr

gf }nk {cun cfk u}i{nb{gifgro {i nfbi~}cjn d~}{an} j}iz{a&

Fcjnra @~oc} !=555' acr ockn cf nquli}c{i}wc{{nou{ {i nqcogfn {an uc{{n}fr id OFB }nlc{nkon}jn}r cfk cbs~grg{gifr gf Gfkgc k~}gfj {an fgfn{gnrzg{a {an anlu id cf nqbl~rgtn kc{c mcrn& An dgfkr {ac{{an lgmn}clgxc{gif id uilgbw d}conzi}` rgfbn {an nc}lwfgfn{gnr acr lnk {an OFBr {i gfb}ncrgfjlw ~rn {anOn}jn} cfk Cbs~grg{gif }i~{n {i nf{n} cfk r{}nfj{anf{ang} u}nrnfbn gf {an bi~f{}w& Gf {an }nbnf{ wnc}r, {zidgd{ar id cll DKG gfdlizr {ii` {an di}o id O$C rbiouc}nk {i tg}{~cllw cll id DKG gfdlizr biogfj d}ioJ}nnfdgnlk tnf{~}nr nc}lgn}& [an knclr }nlc{gfj {i

OFBr c}n u}nkiogfcf{lw ai}gxif{cl }c{an} {acftn}{gbcl gf fc{~}n& Gf {n}or id kntnliuonf{goulgbc{gifr, an dgfkr {ac{ DKG gfdlizr gf {an di}o id O$C r c}n id cf gfdn}gi} s~clg{w biouc}nk {iJ}nnfdgnlk gftnr{onf{r& [anrn dgfkgfjr, {an}ndi}n,nouacrgxn {an fnnk di} ckiu{gfj c biou}nanfrgtnbioun{g{gif uilgbw d}conzi}` gf Gfkgc&

Bifr{cf{gfc @i{{c}gkg cfk [acfcrgr R{nfjir!=535' oc`n c bif{}gm~{gif {i {an nqgr{gfj lg{n}c{~}nif {an di}ngjf kg}nb{ gftnr{onf{ cfk nbifiogbj}iz{a fnq~r mw bif{}cr{gfj ucr{ noug}gbcl ntgknfbncfk biftnf{gifcl zgrkio cfk c}}gtgfj c{ riongf{n}nr{gfj fnz }nr~l{r& Mw cuulwgfj fif/uc}con{}gbon{aikr cfk {c`gfj gf{i cbbi~f{ fif/lgfnc} nddnb{r id

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ =5;




gfg{gcl gfbion cfk a~ocf bcug{cl if nbifiogbj}iz{a& [anw nquli}n {an DKG nddnb{ if j}iz{a gfo~ba j}nc{n} kn{cgl {acf u}ntgi~r r{~kgnr& [ang} dgfkgfjr fi{ iflw bifdg}o {an fif/lgfnc} nddnb{ id

a~ocf bcug{cl gf {an u}nrnfbn id DKG gfdlizr m~{ clrir~jjnr{ {ac{ DKG gfdlizr c}n j}iz{a nfacfbgfj gf {anogkkln/gfbion bi~f{}gnr zagln {an}n gr c ‑{zi/}njgon‗ DKG nddnb{ di} agja/gfbion bi~f{}gnr& [agrfnz dgfkgfj cuunc}r {i mn gfknunfknf{ id INBKbi~f{}w onomn}ragu&

Nlgxcmn{a Crgnk~ cfk Kifclk Lgnf !=533', gf{ang} noug}gbcl r{~kgnr nqcogfn {an goucb{ id knoib}cbw if di}ngjf kg}nb{ gftnr{onf{ crr~on {ac{{an }nlc{gifragu mn{znnf knoib}cbw cfk DKG gr {anrcon di} }nri~}bn nqui}{gfj cfk fif/}nri~}bnnqui}{gfj bi~f{}gnr& [agr ucun} nqcogfnr zan{an} fc{~}cl }nri~}bnr gf air{ bi~f{}gnr cl{n} {agr

}nlc{gifragu& Zn nr{goc{n c lgfnc} kwfcogb ucfnl/kc{coiknl ~rgfj kc{c d}io 33= kntnliugfj bi~f{}gnr itn} {an un}gik 371=‒=55:& Zn dgfk {ac{ knoib}cbw

u}ioi{nr DKG gd cfk iflw gd {an tcl~n id {an rac}n id ogfn}clr cfk igl gf {i{cl nqui}{r gr lnrr {acf rionb}g{gbcl tcl~n& Zn gknf{gdw 75 bi~f{}gnr zan}n cfnqucfrgif id knoib}cbw ocw nfacfbn DKG cfk ==bi~f{}gnr zan}n cf gfb}ncrn gf knoib}c{gxc{gif ocw}nk~bn DKG& Zn clri dgfk {ac{ {an nddnb{ id knoib}cbw if DKG knunfkr if {an rgxn cfk fi{ {an{wun id fc{~}cl }nri~}bnr&

GT& ON[AIKILIJW

]nrnc}ba Knrgjf[an knrgjf ckiu{nk di} {an r{~kw gr Knrb}gu{gtn

]nrnc}ba Knrgjf, cr {an r{~kw gr bifbn}fnk zg{aknrb}gmgfj {an bac}cb{n}gr{gbr cfk runbgdgb u}nkgb{gifrcmi~{ Di}ngjf Kg}nb{ Gftnr{onf{r gf Gfkgc k~}gfj c

uc}{gb~lc} un}gik&

T& UN]GIK ID R[^KW

[an ocgf u~}uirn id {an r{~kw gr {i cfclwxn {anocjfg{~kn, bc~rnr cfk nddnb{r id Di}ngjf Kg}nb{Gftnr{onf{ gfdliz gf{i {an bi~f{}w& Anfbn DKGgfdlizr gf{i {an bi~f{}w gr cfclwxnk di} c un}gik id 25wnc}r d}io 3715/13 {i =557/35& Di} mn{{n} cfclwrgr,{an un}gik gr blcrrgdgnk gf{i {zi uacrnr8 {an dg}r{ uacrngr {an un}gik id U}n/Lgmn}clgxc{gif g&n&, un}gik d}io3715/13 {i 3775/73 cfk {an rnbifk uacrn gr {an Uir{Lgmn}clgxc{gif un}gik d}io 3773/7= {i =557/35& [an}nr{ id {an cfclwrgr, {ac{ gr, {an bi~f{}w zgrn ri~}bn,rnb{i}cl cfclwrgr, }nlc{gifragu mn{znnf DKG cfk DUG,dcb{i}r zagba kn{n}ogfn DKG dliz cfk g{r goucb{ if{an nbifiow c}n cfclwxnk di} c un}gik id 37 wnc}rd}io 3773/7= {i =557/35&

[an un}gik ~fkn} r{~kw gr goui}{cf{ di} c tc}gn{wid }ncrifr& Dg}r{ id cll, g{ zcr k~}gfj H~lw 3773 {ac{Gfkgc iunfnk g{r kii}r {i u}gtc{n rnb{i} cfk {i di}ngjfgftnr{i}r mw lgmn}clgxgfj cfk jlimclgxgfj {annbifiow& Rnbifklw, {an nqun}gnfbnr id Ri~{a/Ncr{

Crgcf bi~f{}gnr mw lgmn}clgxgfj {ang} nbifiognr gf3715r mnbcon {an r{c}r id nbifiogb j}iz{a cfkkntnliuonf{ gf nc}lw 3775r& [ag}klw, Gfkgc‗rnqun}gnfbn zg{a g{r dg}r{ jnfn}c{gif nbifiogb }ndi}or

cfk {an bi~f{}w‗r nbifiogb j}iz{a un}di}ocfbn zcrbifrgkn}nk cr rcdn actnfr di} DKG zagba lnk {irnbifk jnfn}c{gif id nbifiogb }ndi}or gf Gfkgc gfdg}r{ knbckn id {agr bnf{~}w& Di~}{alw, {an}n gr cbifrgkn}cmln bacfjn gf {an c{{g{~kn id mi{a {ankntnliugfj cfk kntnliunk bi~f{}gnr {izc}kr DKG&[anw mi{a bifrgkn} DKG cr {an oir{ r~g{cmln di}o id nq{n}fcl dgfcfbn& Dgd{alw, {an}n gr cf gfb}ncrn gfbioun{g{gif di} DKG gfdlizr uc}{gb~lc}lw coifj {ankntnliugfj fc{gifr&

TG& RI^]BNR ID KC[C

[an r{~kw gr mcrnk if rnbifkc}w kc{c zagba gr

u~mlgrank ri~}bnr id kc{c billnb{nk d}io tc}gi~rri~}bnr& [an kc{c zcr nq{}cb{nk d}io {an dillizgfjri~}bnr0 Acfkmii` id R{c{gr{gbr if {an Gfkgcfnbifiow, ]MG, tc}gi~r grr~nr, ^FB[CK, ZG] rn}gnr, tc}gi~r grr~nr, Nbifiogb R~}tnw, Jitn}fonf{id Gfkgc, tc}gi~r grr~nr, Zi}lk Kntnliuonf{Gfkgbc{i}r, Zi}lk Mcf`, Knuc}{onf{ id Gfk~r{}gclUilgbw cfk U}ioi{gif !KGUU', Rnb}n{c}gc{ id Gfk~r{}gcl Crrgr{cfbn !RGC', Bnf{}cl R{c{gr{gbclI}jcfgxc{gif !BRI'&

AWUI[ANRGR[an awui{anrnr di} {an r{~kw c}n {i {nr{

zan{an} DKG gfdliz raizr c uirg{gtn {}nfk itn} {an

r{~kw un}gik&

TGG& ]NR^L[ CFK KGRB^RRGIFR

[}nfkr gf DKG Gfdlizr k~}gfj =535/33 {i =53;/3>

Cd{n} cfclwxgfj {an til~on id DKG Gfdlizrgf Gfkgc, k~}gfj {an U}n cfk Uir{ Lgmn}clgxc{gif un}gik{an {}nfk gf DKG gfdlizr di} fnq{ dgtn wnc}r g&n&, d}io=535/33 {i =53;/3> gr mngfj u}ihnb{nk& [an

u}ihnb{gif id DKG gfdliz {i {an bi~f{}w gr nr{goc{nk mw ~rgfj C~{i ]nj}nrrgif Oitgfj Ctn}cjn!C]GOC' oiknl& [an }nr~l{r id {an oiknl c}nr~ooc}gxnk gf {cmln 3&3 cfk {an nr{goc{nk DKGgfdlizr d}io =535/33 {i =53;/3> gr {cm~lc{nk gf {cmln3&=&

[cmln 3&38 ]nr~l{ id C]GOC oiknl id DKG Gfdlizr

Oiknl

Bindd gbgnf{

R{k&N}}i} id Binddgbg

nf{

{tcl~n

utcl~n

C]3 3&;;7 5&317

:&4;7

5&555((

C]= /&4>= 5&=31

=&711

5&557((

Wnc} 1;57&4>3

=>3:&=42

2&2;5

5&55;((

Bif / >52 2& 5&55

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ =5>




r{cf{ 34:15=;1&;27

:54:&=5 223 ;((

(( knfi{nr rgjfgdgbcfbn c{ 3. lntnlLij Lg`nlgaiik 8 /

=54&7:2Cl`clgfn‗r Gfdi}oc{gif B}g{n}gif !CGB'8

;=3&7;4Rbazc}x‗r Mcwnrgcf B}g{n}gif !RMB' 8

;=>&:=;D}io {an cmitn }nr~l{, {an u/tcl~n id {an bifr{cf{,

dg}r{ cfk rnbifk lcj gr tn}w lnrr& [agr gfkgbc{nr {ac{{an dg{ gr jiik& D~}{an}, {an Cl`clgfn‗r Gfdi}oc{gifB}g{n}gif !CGB' cfk Rbazc}x‗r Mcwnrgcf B}g{n}gif!RMB' mi{a oncr~}n jiikfnrr id dg{ cfk cbbi~f{ di} oiknl bioulnqg{w& [an C]GOC oiknl ns~c{gif gr

dg{{nk cr ,!DKG'{ ? /34:15=;1&;27 3&;;7 !DKG'{/3 /

5&4>= !DKG'{/= ξ{ Zan}n, !DKG'{ ? dg}r{ i}kn} kgddn}nfbn gf DKG ?

!DKG'{ / !DKG'{/3

[cmln 3&=8 Nr{goc{nk DKG Gfdlizr gf Gfkgc k~}gfj =535/33{i =53;/3>

!Coi~f{ ]r& Gf B}&'

Wnc}

Nr{goc{nk

Coi~f{

. id J}iz{agf DKGitn}

U}ntgi~rwnc}

7>. BifdgknfbnLgog{

Lizn} BL

^uun} BL

=53

5/33

3:1,

335 3

3;4,

353

=35,3

=5=533/3=

3:=,155 /2

333,>=1

=2;,5:3

=53=/32

34>,4== /;

:7,=:7

=>3,744

=532/3;

345,215 /2

>>,344

=4>,>7>

=53;/3>

3>7,343 /3

;3,315

=::,3;=

Dgj& 3&3 8 U}ihnb{gif id DKG Gfdlizr gf Gfkgc d}io =535/33{i =53;/3>

[cmln 3&= raizr c oc}jgfcl gfb}ncrn id ifn

un}bnf{ gf DKG gfdliz cr zanf biouc}nk {i {an

un}gik =557/35& [anf d}io {an un}gik =533/3= {i=53;/3> c kizf{}nfk id DKG gfdliz gr imrn}tnk& DKGgfdliz gf{i Gfkgc gr nr{goc{nk {i mn ]r&3:=155 b}i}ngf =533/3= cr cjcgfr{ ]r&3:1335 b}i}n gf =535/33,

{ac{ gr, {an j}iz{a {}nfk id DKG gfdliz gf{i {anbi~f{}w raizr c knblgfn id 2 un}bnf{ gf =533/3= crzanf biouc}nk {i =535/33& [agr dcll gf DKG gfdlizgf{i {an bi~f{}w gr nqunb{nk {i d~}{an} knblgfn k~}gfj=53=/32, {ac{ gr, c ; un} bnf{ knblgfn zgll mncf{gbguc{nk cr cjcgfr{ {an u}ntgi~r wnc}& K~}gfj=532/3; cfk =53;/3>, {an dcll gf j}iz{a }c{n id DKGgfdliz gr di~fk {i mn }nk~bnk {i 2 un}bnf{ cfk ifn

un} bnf{ cr cjcgfr{ {an u}ntgi~r wnc}r& [an u}ihnb{gifid DKG gfdliz gf Gfkgc di} {an fnq{ dgtn wnc} un}gikd}io =535/33 {i =53;/3>, raizr {ac{ DKG gf{i {anbi~f{}w zgll actn c kizfzc}k {}nfk d}io =533/3=ifzc}kr& [an}ndi}n, Jitn}fonf{ rai~lk {c`n r~g{cmln

r{nur {i itn}bion {agr rg{~c{gif&[}nfkr gf Rn}tgbn Rnb{i}

Dg}r{ id cll zn imrn}tn {ac{ {an DKG gfdliz gfrn}tgbnr acr mnnf uanfionfcl gf {an lcr{ {ziknbcknr& Rgfbn {an ifrn{ id lgmn}clgxc{gif, {an bi~f{}w}nbngtnk c a~jn coi~f{ id DKG gf rn}tgbn rnb{i}

mnbc~rn id {an {}nonfki~r j}iz{a ui{nf{gcl {ac{ g{ uirrnrrnr& [agr rnb{i} acr }cf`nk coifj {an {iu {nfrnb{i}r c{{}cb{gfj DKG rgfbn 3773& Rn}tgbnr zagbabiou}grn id dgfcfbgcl cfk fif dgfcfbgcl rn}tgbnr,

mcf`gfj rn}tgbnr cfk gfr~}cfbn, i~{ri~}bgfj cfk}nrnc}ba cfk kntnliuonf{ rn}tgbnr }nbi}knk {ag}k

ulcbn k~}gfj 3773/77 cfk =555/5> mw c{{}cb{gfj 7&:3

cfk 7&43 un}bnf{ id {i{cl DKG gfdlizr k~}gfj {an {zi un}gikr& Aizntn}, g{ oitnk {i }cf` ifn mw ckkgfj==&74 un}bnf{ rac}n {i {an b~o~lc{gtn DKG di} {an

un}gik d}io =554 {i =535&Coifj {an r~m rnb{i}r id rn}tgbnr rnb{i}r,

dgfcfbgcl rn}tgbnr c{{}cb{ 7&32 un}bnf{ id {i{cl DKGgfdlizr& G{ gr dilliznk mw mcf`gfj rn}tgbnr =&33

un}bnf{, gfr~}cfbn 3&>= un}bnf{, fif/dgfcfbgclrn}tgbnr =&57 un}bnf{, i~{ri~}bgfj 5&:= un}bnf{,}nrnc}ba cfk kntnliuonf{ =&22 un}bnf{, bi~}gn} 5&2=

un}bnf{ cfk i{an} rn}tgbnr 2&21 un}bnf{ }nrunb{gtnlw&Oc~}g{g~r zcr ulcbnk {an {iu id {an bac}{ mw gftnr{gfj;2&57 un}bnf{ gf rn}tgbn rnb{i} dilliznk mw Rgfjcui}n32&11 un}bnf{, ^@ mw 33&=3 un}bnf{ cfk ^RC mw 1&>=

un}bnf{& DKG gfdlizr gf rn}tgbn rnb{i} c}n anctglwbifbnf{}c{nk c}i~fk {zi ochi} bg{gnr gf Gfkgc {ac{ gr,O~omcg mw 4=&75 un}bnf{ cfk Knlag 3=&;1 un}bnf{&

D~}{an} ~rgfj C~{i ]nj}nrrgif Oitgfj Ctn}cjn!C]GOC' oiknl DKG gfdliz gf Rn}tgbn Rnb{i} gr

u}ihnb{nk di} fnq{ dgtn wnc}r& [an }nr~l{r id {an oiknlc}n r~ooc}gxnk mnliz /





[cmln 3&28 ]nr~l{ id C]GOC oiknl id DKG Gfdlizr {i Rn}tgbnRnb{i}

C& O

iknl

Binddgbgnf{

R{k&N}}i} id

Binddgbgnf{

{tcl~

n

utcl~n

C]35&252 5&2=5

5&7;4

5&2:=

Wnc} =1:>3&;12 171;&==7

2&=55

5&532(

Bifr{cf{

>:>34>2:&4;:

3155;;=3&>>1

2&37>

5&532(

(( knfi{nr rgjfgdgbcfbn c{ 3. lntnl

Lij Lg`nlgaiik 8 /32:&;5>

Cl`clgfn‗r Gfdi}oc{gif B}g{n}gif !CGB' 8=15&135

Rbazc}x‗r Mcwnrgcf B}g{n}gif !RMB' 8=1=&55;

[an cmitn }nr~l{ raizr {ac{ {an u/tcl~n id {anbifr{cf{ cfk dg}r{ lcj gr tn}w lnrr& G{ gfkgbc{nr {ac{ {an{nr{ gr dg{& D~}{an}, {an Cl`clgfn‗r fdi}oc{gif B}g{n}gif!CGB' cfkRbazc}x‗r Mcwnrgcf B}g{n}gif !RMB' mi{a

oncr~}n iikfnrr id dg{ cfk cbbi~f{ di} oiknlbioulnqg{w& [an C]GOC oiknl ns~c{gif gr dg{{nk cr,

!DKG'{ ? />:>34>2:&4;: 5&252 !DKG'{/3 ξ{

zan}n, !DKG'{ ? dg}r{ i}kn} kgddn}nfbn gf DKG ?!DKG'{ / !DKG'{/3

M& [cmln 3&; 8 Cb{~cl cfk nr{goc{nk tcl~nr id

DKG Gfdlizr {i Rn}tgbn Rnb{i}

!Coi~f{ ]r& gf Ogllgif'

B

nc}

Cb{~cl

Tcl~nr

Nr{goc{nkTcl~nr

7>.Bifdgknfbn

Lgog{

.id

J}iz{agf

DKGitn} U}ntgi~r

Wnc}

K&

izn

} BL

^ uun}

BL

3773/77

;5,2:4&1=

/

;=,2=3&;7

/

=45,5=5&3;

3:>,2

::&34 /

=555

3,143&>5

33,>53&;1

/3:=,;2>

&12

37>,;21&:

7 /

=553

1,=5=&=;

37,1>7&1=

/345,>:3

&=5

=55,=75&1

22

;3

=55=

3>,

;23&27

;3,

13:&51

/324,=3=

&:3

=37,1;4&1

:

1

1=552

32,752&>7

4;,5;2&41

/33=,:2>

&55

=;5,1==&2

4/

35

=55;

33,;>>&12

12,43>&;>

/72,514&

44

=45,23:&>

4/

31

=55>

23,;>>&3;

35=,751&2

=

/:;,172&

=:

=15,:57&7

33

:>

=55 3:1 3=7 / 2 ;

4 ,>1;&:;

,554&;2

>3,5;7&3:

57,54=&5

=

41

=55: 3;>

,577&>=

372,4;4&2

:35,=

=;&1=

2::,54:&7

=/

37

=551 227

,;:>&3=

=52,>=7&4

13>,4

17&71

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1 :

U}ib& id {an Rnbifk Gf{n}fc{gifcl Bifdn}nfbn if Biou~{n} Cuulgbc{gifr =53= PGBBC =53=_ =5:




Fi{n8 Cb{~cl tcl~nr biouglnk d}io RGC, Fnzrln{{n},=557&

Dgj& 3&=8 [}nfkr gf Rn}tgbn Rnb{i}

rn}tgbn rnb{i} {i nfacfbn g{r un}di}ocfbn cfk clri {ibif{}gm~{n oi}n gf Gfkgcf nbifiow&

]NDN]NFBNR

P3_& Ckg{wc @] Mchch cfk Rzcr{g` Fgjco “Jlimclgxc{gif gf{an Gfkgcf Uac}ocbn~{gbcl Gfk~r{}w ‒ Di}ngjf Kg}nb{ Gftnr{onf{rugllitn}r cfk goulgbc{gifr if Kionr{gb U}ik~b{gtg{w8 3773/=55:‟,gr c }nrnc}ba u}ihnb{ kifn ~fkn} GGO Caonkcmck, =55:&

P=_& Cff~cl R~}tnw id Gfk~r{}gnr, Ogfgr{}w id R{c{grg{gbr cfkU}ij}coon Goulnonf{c{gif, Jitn}fonf{ id Gfkgc, tc}gi~r grr~nr

P2_& Ctg` Bac`}cmc}{g !=552', “C [ani}w id {an ruc{gclkgr{}gm~{gif id Di}ngjf Kg}nb{ Gftnr{onf{,‟ Gf{n}fc{gifcl ]ntgnz id Nbifiogbr $ Dgfcfbn, Til~on 3=, Grr~n =, =552, uu& 3;7/347&

P;_& Mclcr~m}cocfwco&T&F cfk Kctgk Rucrdi}k, “KinrGfkgc fnnk c li{ oi}n DKG9‟ Nbifiogb cfk Uilg{gbcllw Znn`lw,Cu}gl =1, =55:&

P>_ Mclcr~fkc}co Ocfgco cfk Cog{gctc Bac{{n}hnn “[an


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