icar project proposal: standardisation of...

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Annexure-I APPLICATION FOR GRANT FOR AD-HOC RESEARCH SCHEME 1 Title of scheme Standardisation of Agrotechniques in Lesser Known Aromatic and Medicinal Plants of Zingiberaceae 2 Location Institutes name Kerala Agricultural University Place Vellanikkara District Thrissur State Kerala Dept/Division Department of Agronomy Actual Location College of Horticulture, Thrissur-680 656 3 Principal Investigator Name Joy P. P. Designation Ph. D. Scholar Date of birth 5-2-1958 Experience 15 years I have put in one and a half years service as Junior Assistant Professor Agronomy) and ten years service as Assistant Professor (Agronomy) in Kerala Agricultural University. I have been involved in research, teaching and extension activities during the period. I was the Principal Investigator of 16 research projects and have 1

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Annexure-I

APPLICATION FOR GRANT FOR AD-HOC RESEARCH SCHEME

1 Title of scheme Standardisation of Agrotechniques

in Lesser Known Aromatic and Medicinal

Plants of Zingiberaceae

2 Location

Institutes name Kerala Agricultural University

Place Vellanikkara

District Thrissur

State Kerala

Dept/Division Department of Agronomy

Actual Location College of Horticulture, Thrissur-680 656

3 Principal Investigator

Name Joy P. P.

Designation Ph. D. Scholar

Date of birth 5-2-1958

Experience 15 years

I have put in one and a half years service as Junior Assistant Professor

Agronomy) and ten years service as Assistant Professor (Agronomy) in Kerala

Agricultural University. I have been involved in research, teaching and extension

activities during the period. I was the Principal Investigator of 16 research projects and

have associated with another 14 projects as part of the All India Co-ordinated Research

Projects sponsored by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. Presently, I am

functioning also as the Principal Investigator of the ICAR project "Standardisation of

agrotechniques for lesser known medicinal and aromatic plants of Zingiberaceae family". I

am well conversant with the latest research methodology in the field of Agronomy,

analyses and interpretation of research results and have ample experience in both field and

laboratory experimentation.

Number of schemes handled 18

1

List of Important publications

Joy, P.P. 1985. Azolla: Potentials and limitations. Science Reporter, 22(5): 310.

Joy, P.P. and Havanagi, G.V. 1985. Effect of different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and

azolla on rice. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 10(4):25-26.

Joy, P.P., Rajaram, K.P. and James, K.I. 1986. A rice-grain legume cropping system. Int.

Rice Res. Newsl. 11(6):37-38.

Joy, P.P. and Havanagi, G.V. 1988. Studies on the integrated use of fertiliser Nitrogen,

Phosphorus and azolla biofertilizer on rice. Mysore J. agric. Sci. 22(2):436-443.

Joy, P.P. and Havanagi, G.V. 1989. Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and cropping method on

azolla productivity. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 14(3):28-30.

Thomas, J., Joy, P.P. and Geetha, K. 1989. Optimum method of planting in lemongrass.

Indian Perfumer, 33(2):102-103.

Joy, P.P. and Thomas, J. 1990. Determination of leaf area in lemongrass. Indian

Perfumer, 34(1):14-19.

Syriac, E.K., Joy, P.P., Koruth, A. and Nair, M. S. 1990. Agrotechniques for rice

production. In Aravindakshan, M. and Nair, R.R. (Eds.). 1990. Five Decades of Rice

Research in Kuttanad. Kerala Agricultural University, Trichur. pp.34-50.

Thomas, J., Geetha, K. and Joy, P.P. 1990. Comparative performance of lemongrass

species. Indian Perfumer, 34(3):171-172.

Thomas, J., Geetha, K. and Joy, P.P. 1990. Effect of lime and nitrogen sources on the

yield and quality of palmarosa. Int. J. Trop. Agri., 8(1):29-31.

Joy, P. P., Syriac, E.K., Nair, N.P., Nair, P.K.C. and Joseph, C.A. 1991. Weed control

economics in transplanted rice. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 16(6):26.

Joy, P.P., Bridgit, T.K. and Neema, V.P. 1991. Input contribution in summer cowpea.

Legume Research, 14 (1):33-36.

Joy, P.P., Syriac, E.K., Nair, N.P., Nair, P.K.C. and Joseph, C.A 1991. Weed control in

wetseeded rice in Kerala, India. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 16(6):25

Syriac, E.K., Joy, P.P., Nair, N.P., Girija, D. and Joseph, C.A. 1991. Effect of potassium

application levels and time on rice. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 16(6):18

Joy, P. P., Syriac, E.K. and Nair, N.P. 1992. Studies on chemical weed control in

transplanted rice in Kerala. Proc. Fourth Kerala Science Congress, Thrissur, 27-29

Feb, 1992, pp. 90-93.

Joy, P. P., Syriac, E.K., Nair, N.P. and Joseph, C.A. 1992. Evaluation of herbicides for

transplanted rice in Kerala, India. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 17(2):29.

Joy, P. P., Syriac, E.K., Nair, P.K.C., Ittyaverah, P.J. and Joseph, C.A. 1992. Long-term

2

effect of inorganic fertilisers, lime and straw on lowland rice of Kerala. Int. Rice Res.

Newsl. 17(3):16.

Syriac, E.K., Joy, P. P., Nair, N.P. and Joseph, C.A. 1992. Potassium management in

transplanted lowland rice. Proc. Fourth Kerala Science Congress, Thrissur, 27-29

Feb, 1992, pp. 110-111.

Bridgit, T.K., Neema, V.P. and Joy, P.P. 1993. Response of cowpea genotypes to dates of

sowing. J. Trop. Agri. 31(2):266-268.

Joy, P. P., Syriac, E.K., Ittyaverah, P.J. and Joseph, C.A. 1993. Herbicide technology for

weed control in lowland rice of Kerala. Proc. Fifth Kerala Science Congress,

Kottayam, 28-30 Jan, 1993, pp. 135-137.

Joy, P.P. and Havanagi, G.V. 1993. Effect of different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and

azolla on an azolla-rice cropping system. In Nair, R. R., Nair, K.P.V. and Joseph,

C.A. (Eds.).1993. Rice in wetland ecosystem. Kerala Agricultural University,

Vellanikkara-680 654, Thrissur, Kerala. pp.71-75

Syriac, E.K., Joy, P. P., Ittyaverah, P.J. and Mathew, R. 1993. Efficacy of herbicides for

weed management in Kuttanad rice fields. Proc. Fifth Kerala Science Congress,

Kottayam, 28-30 Jan, 1993, pp. 189-190.

Thomas, J. Mathew, S., Kuriakose, K.P., Joy, P. P. and Jose, G. 1993. Aromatic and

Medicinal Plants Research Station, Odakkali, at a glance. Kerala Agricultural

University, Thrissur. 14p.

Thomas, J., Joy, P.P., Mathew, S and Kuriakose K. P. 1993. High production technology

for tropical essential oils. Indian Perfumer 37(1): 29 - 34

Joy, P. P, Thomas J., Mathew, S., Jose, G. and Joseph, J. 1995. Aromatic Plants. Aromatic

and Medicinal Plants Research Station, Odakkali, Asamannoor PO, Kerala.

Joy, P. P., Thomas, J., Mathew, S. and Jose, G. 1996. Elite cinnamon types for leaf oil and

eugenol. Proc. eighth Kerala Sci. Cong. 27-29 Jan 1996, Kochi. pp. 143-144.

Skaria, B.P., Thomas, J., Mathew, S. and Joy, P.P. 1997. Record of the Red Pierrot,

Talicada nyseus (Guerin), (Lycaenidae: Lepidoptera) on Kalanchoe spp. In Kerala.

Insect Env. 3(3):72-73

Thomas, J., Joy, P.P. and Mathew, S. 1997. Cultivation and utilisation of Kaempferia

galanga Linn. In Handa, S. S. and Kaul, M. K. (Eds.). 1997. Supplement to

Cultivation and Utilisation of Aromatic Plants. RRL, Jammu, India. pp.299-305.

Joy, P. P, Thomas J., Mathew, S., and Skaria, B. P. 1998. Medicinal Plants. Aromatic and

Medicinal Plants Research Station, Odakkali, Asamannoor PO, Kerala.

Joy, P. P, Thomas J., Mathew, S., and Skaria, B. P. 1998. Tropical Aromatic and

3

Medicinal Plants. Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Research Station, Odakkali,

Asamannoor PO, Kerala, India.

Joy, P. P, Thomas J., Mathew, S., and Skaria, B. P. 1998. Zingiberaceous Medicinal and

Aromatic Plants. Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Research Station, Odakkali,

Asamannoor PO, Kerala, India.

Joy, P. P, Thomas J., and Mathew, S. 1998. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum Presl.) for

flavour and fragrance. PAFAI Journal, 20(2):37-42.

Joy, P. P, Thomas J., Mathew, S. and Ibrahim K. K. 1998. Growth, leaf oil yield and

quality investigations in cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum). J. Med. Arom. Pl. Sci.,

20(2):401-406.

Joy, P. P., Thomas J. and Mathew, S. 1998. Growth and yield correlations in cinnamon

(Cinnamomum verum Presl.). Proc. 10th Kerala Science Congress, 2-4 Jan 1998,

Kozhikode, pp 196-198.

Thomas J., Joy P. P. and Mathew, S. 1998. Subsurface dike for ground water conservation.

Proc. 10th Kerala Science Congress, 2-4 Jan 1998, Kozhikode, pp 510-512.

Thomas J., Joy, P. P., Mathew, S., Skaria, B.P. 1998. Indigenous less-known essential oils

- A perspective. PAFAI Journal, 20(1):13-20.

List of other research schemes

Name of the Agency Title of the scheme Period from to

Grant (Rs. lakhs)

Ministry of Health &

Family Welfare, Govt

of India.

Central scheme for development and

cultivation of medicinal plants.

(Co-investigator)

1991 1994 5.00

ICAR Standardisation of agrotechniques in

lemongrass and palmarosa for

maximising oil production

(Co-investigator)

1990 1993 8.80

Ministry of

Agriculture, Govt. Of

India.

Central Sector Scheme for development

of medicinal & aromatic plants.

(Co-investigator)

1992 1997 28.60

Swedish International

Development

Agency- KAU

Project.

Moisture conservation conservation

through sub-surface dike.

(Co-investigator)

1988 1989 3.00

4

4 Co-investigator 1

Name Dr. J. Thomas

Designation Associate professor & Head

Date of birth 1-1-1956

Experience 20 years

He has put up more than 14 years service as Assistant Professor in Kerala

Agricultural University, Vellanikkara P.O., Trichur, Kerala. Duties during Assistant

Professorship included teaching, research and extension activities. Teaching job covered

lectures for both undergraduate and post graduate students on subjects like Tropical crop

production, Crop physiology and soil and water conservation.

I was research guide of one post graduate student leading to the Master's degree and

was member of advisory committee of five other post graduate students. I am well

conversant with all the latest research methodology in the field of Agronomy and has

ample experience in both field and laboratory experimentation. I was in charge of ICAR

ad-hoc scheme on "Intensification of research on Cymbopogon flexuosus and other

Cymbopogon species. Presently I am leading a research group on aromatic and medicinal

plants and engaged in research activities on crop improvement, crop management and

processing technology of these crops.

Number of schemes handled 27

List of Important publications

Thomas, J., Geetha, K and Shylaraj, K.S. 1987. Glimpses of research at the Aromatic

and Medicinal Plants Research Station. Pafai J., 9(4):23-25

Geetha, K and Thomas, J. 1988. Review of research work done on palmarosa. Pafai J.,

10(4):19-25.

Geetha, K and Thomas, J. 1988. Effect of different stages of harvest on oil yield and

quality of jamrosa. Pafai J.,14(2):33-34.

Thomas, J., Joy, P.P., and Geetha, K. 1989. Optimum method of planting in lemongrass.

Indian Perfumer, 33 (2):102-103.

Thomas, J., Geetha, K and Joy, P.P. 1990. Comparative performance of lemongrass

species. Indian Perfumer , 34(3): 171-172.

5

Jayasree Sanker, S and Thomas, J. 1990. Oil yield and quality of lemongrass as influenced

by growth regulator under different planting methods. Inter. J. Trop. Agri., 8(1):

27-28.

Thomas, J., Geetha, K and Joy, P.P. 1990. Effect of lime and nitrogen sources on the

yield and quality of palmarosa. Inter. J. Trop. Agri., 8(1):29-31.

Joy, P.P. and Thomas, J. 1990. Determination of leaf area in lemongrass. Indian Perfumer,

34(1):14-19.

Thomas, J and Kuriakose, K.P. 1991. Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Research Station at

a glance. Kerala Agricultural University, A.M.P.R.S., Odakkali, Asamannoor P.O.,

Kerala.

Thomas,J., Geetha, K and Shylaraj, K.S.1987. Studies on the leaf oil and quality of

Cinnamomum zeylanicum. Indian Perfumer , 31(3):249-251.

Shylaraj, K.S and Thomas, J. 1988. Effect of gamma irradiation on growth and oil yield of

lemongrass. Indian Perfiumer, 32(2):116-119.

Shylaraj, K.S., Thomas, J and Geetha, K. 1988. Productive mutants induced by gamma

irradiation in lemongrass. Indian Perfiumer , 32(2):120-124.

Thomas, J. 1991. Scope of lemongrass and citronella cultivation in Wynad district. Paper

presented at the Workshop on Integrated development of spices and horticultural

crops. Ambalavayal, Wynad, 26-27 Oct.1991.

Thomas,J and Shylaraj, K.S. 1989. Polycross breeding in palmarosa. Indian Perfumer,

33(4): 274-276.

Thomas, J., Joy, P.P., Samuel Mathew and Kuriakose, K.P. 1993. High production

technology for tropical essential oils. Indian Perfumer, 37(1):29-34.

6

List of other research schemes

Name of the Agency Title of the scheme Period from to

Grant (Rs. lakhs)

Ministry of Health &

Family Welfare, Govt

of India.

Central scheme for development and

cultivation of medicinal plants.

1991 1994 5.00

ICAR Standardisation of agrotechniques in

lemongrass and palmarosa for

maximising oil production

(Co-investigator)

1990 1993 8.80

Ministry of

Agriculture, Govt. Of

India.

Central Sector Scheme for development

of medicinal & aromatic plants.

1992 1997 28.60

Swedish International

Development

Agency- KAU

Project.

Moisture conservation conservation

through sub-surface dike.

1988 1989 3.00

5 Information regarding other research scientists

Name Dr. Samuel Mathew

Designation Associate Professor

(Soil Science & Agrl. Chemistry)

Experience 18 years

He was Junior Assistant Professor in the Kerala Agricultural University from 1980 to

1982 and Assistant Professor thereafter. I have research experience working on problem

soils, nutrient management of crops and environmental effects of pesticides. Also I have

experience in teaching at undergraduate and post graduate levels. I am well versed with

agricultural research methodology and chemical analysis work. Presently I am engaged in

research on quality aspects of medicinal and aromatic plants.

7

Annexure – II

6 Objective

The project envisages to develop agrotechniques for three selected crops such as

Alpinia galanga (Chittaratha), Curcuma sp. (Kastoorimanjal) and Kaempferia rotunda

(Chengazhinirkizhangu) of Zingiberaceae family. The specific objectives are:

i) To identify the optimum stage of harvest in Chittaratha.

ii) To find out the optimum spacing and manurial requirements of Chittaratha,

Kastoorimanjal and Chengazhinirkizhangu.

iii) To evaluate the different sosurces and doses of organic manures and

biofertilizers for maximising the yield of Chengazhinirkizhangu.

iv) To study the physico-chemical changes in Chengazhinirkizhangu rhizomes

during storage.

v) To evaluate the important medicinal and aromatic species in the genera of

Alpinia, Curcuma and Kaempferia for essential oils and their chemical

consitutents.

Annexure – III

7 Practical Utility

The ad-hoc scheme will facilitate to have ad-hoc recommendation on the agritechniques

of the selected medicinal and aromatic plants to maximise production and returns. The

project will help to conserve, cultivate and utilise these crops by suitably fitting them into

the existing cropping systems in the state. Information on the quality aspects will help to

standardise the quality requirement of the crops. Basic information obtained from the

study can be used for further exploitation of these crops by genetic improvement and post

harvest technology.

8

Annexure – IV

8 Research work conducted in India and abroad

a. At the sponsoring Institution

The Aromatic And Medicinal Plants Research Station at Odakkali and the All India

Coordinated researh Project on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants at Vellanikkara have carried

out preliminary work on these crops. Kaempferia rotunda is reported to give satisfactory

rhizome yield under domestication (KAU, 1983). The leaves of chittaratha were reported to

contain perfumery oils in addition to medicinal principles(KAU, 1984). In a trial for

screening medicinal plants for intercropping in coconut gardens Kaempferia galanga and

curcuma aromatica were found to be suitable (KAU, 1992).

b. India and abroad

Alpinia is cultivated for its rhizome in tropical areas of South and East India. Because of

the presence of essential oil, the rhizomes are used in bronchial troubles and as a

carminative. It is one of the ingredients of medicated “Pan” used for removing the foul smell

of the mouth and getting relief in throat inflammation. In Ayurveda, “Rasna-saptak-kwath”

and “Rasna-adikamath” are used as antiinflammatory decoctions. In Unani, it is an

ingredient of aphrodisiac preparations, “Majun Mugawivi ma Mumsik”, “Majun Samagh”,

and antispasmodic nervine tonic “Majun Chobchine” and “Lubab Motadil”. It is also used in

“Arq Pan” as a cardiac stimulant carminative (Thakur et al, 1989). They are also useful in

vitiated conditions of vata and kapha, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammations, stomatopathy,

pharyngopathy, cough, asthma, hiccough, dyspepsia, stomachalgia, obesity, diabetes,

cephalalgia, tubercular glands and intermittent fevers (Warrier et al, 1993). Charaka includes

rasna (Alpinia) in the Vayasthapana Varya, the group of drugs that are capable of

maintaining the youthful vigour and strength. The officinal part is the rhizome which forms a

major ingredient of preparations like Rasnadi Kasaya, Rasnadi churna, Rasnadi taila,

Asvagandharishta, etc (Sivarajan and Balachandran, 1994). The drug stimulates digestion,

purifies blood and improves voice (Chunekar, 1982).

Seeds contain 1’-acetoxychavicol acetate and 1’-acetoxy eugenol acetate, antiulcer

principles caryophyllenols I and II, n-pentadecane, 7-heptadecane and fatty acid methyl

esters. Rhizomes yield essential oil containing methyl cinnamate, cineole and d-pinene and

sesquiterpenoids. Fresh rhizome yielded 18 monoterpenoids of which -pinene, -pinene

9

and limonene as major compounds and 17 oxygen containing monoterpenoids with cineol,

terpinen-4-o1, and -terpineol as minor compounds (Husain et al, 1992).

The rhizome contains tannins and flavonoids, some of which have been identified as

kaempferide, galangin and alpinin (Sastry, 1961). From roots, kaempferide, galangin and

alpinin were isolated. From green rhizomes, a pale yellow oil with a pleasant odour can be

obtained on distillation.

The essential oil from rhizomes yielded 5.6% cineole, 2.6% Methyl-cinnamate and

sesquiterpenes. From fresh rhizomes,18 monoterpenes were isolated of which -pinene

(22.5%), -pinene (36.7%) and limonene (13.8%) were major and 17-oxygen containing

monoterpenes with cineol (69%), terpinen-4-ol (8.75%) and (-terpenol (6.9%) as major

compounds. Seeds contain anti ulcer agents, 11- OAc chavivol-OAc and 11- OAc-eugenol-

OAc; also caryophyllene, caryophyllenol I and II, pentadecane, 7- heptadecane and fatty acid

Methyl- esters (Asolkar et al, 1992).

The rhizomes are bitter, acrid, thermogenic, aromatic, nervine tonic, stimulant,

revulsive, carminative, stomachic, disinfectant, aphrodisiac, expectorant, broncho-dilator,

antifungal, febrifuge, antiinflammatory and tonic (Warier et al, 1993). Rhizome is CVS and

CNS active, diuretic, hypothermic. Seed is antiulcerative (Husain et al, 1992).

Rhizome spray in ether, over a space showed high knock down values against

houseflies. Alcohol (50%) extract of rhizome is anti-amphetaminic. Unani physicians

consider it good for impotence (Asolkar et al, 1992).

Curcuma aromatica rhizomes are used in combination with astringents and

aromatics for bruises, sprains, hiccough, bronchitis, cough, leucoderma and skin eruptions

(Warrier et al, 1994). The rhizomes have an agreeable fragrant smell and yield a yellow

colouring matter like turmeric, and the fresh root has a camphoraceous odour. The dried

rhizome is used as a carminative and aromatic adjunctant to other medicines (Nadkarni,

1998). Oil is used for treatment of early stage of cervix cancer (Asolkar et al, 1992).

Verghese (1990) established the use of mango-ginger as an exotic flavourant. Wild turmeric

or Cochin turmeric or Yellow zeodoary is found wild throughout India and cultivated in

Bengal and Kerala.

C. aromatica Salisb. is a perennial tuberous herb with annulate, aromatic yellow

rhizome which is internally orange-red in colour. Leaves are elliptic or lanceolate-oblong,

caudate-acuminate, 30-60cm long, petioles as long or even longer, bracts ovate, recurved,

more or less tinged with red or pink. Flowers are pink, lip yellow, obovate, deflexed, sub-

10

entire or obscurely three lobed. Fruits are dehiscent, globose, 3-valved capsules (Warrier et

al, 1994). The plant is also described by Gamble (1987) and Kirtikar and Basu (1987).

Rhizomes yield 6.1% essential oil (Chopra et al, 1980). Essential oil contains -and

- -curcumene, d-camphene and p-methoxy cinnamic acid. The colouring matter is

curcumin. Numerous sesquiterpenoids of germacrone and guaiane skeletons have been

identified recently (Husain et al, 1992).).

The tubers of Indian crocus are widely used as a local application for tumours,

swellings and wounds. The roots have a hot ginger-like taste. They are also given in gastric

complaints. They help to remove blood clots and other purulent matter in the body. The juice

of the tubers is given in dropsical affections of hands and feet, and of effusions in joints. The

juice causes salivation and vomiting. In Ayurveda, the improvement formulations using the

herb are Chyavanaprasam, Asokarishtam, Baladthatryaditailam, Kalyanakaghritham, etc.

The drug “HALLAKAM” prepared from this is in popular use in the form of powder or as an

ointment application to wounds and bruises to reduce swellings. It also improves complexion

and cures burning sensation, mental disorders and insomnia (NRF, 1998; Sivarajan and

Balachandran, 1994). The tubers are useful in vitiated conditions of vata and kapha,

gastropathy, dropsy, inflammations, wound, ulcers, blood clots, tumours and cancerous

swellings (Warrier et al, 1995). The decoction is applied with much benefit to wounds with

coagulated blood and with any purulent matter (Nadkarni, 1998).

The plant is distributed in the tropics and sub-tropics of Asia and Africa. The plant

grows wild in shaded areas which are wet or humid, especially in forests in South India. It

grows in gardens and is known for their beautiful flowers and foliage. It is also cultivated as

an intercrop with other commercial crops.

Kaempferia rotunda Linn. belonging to the family Zingiberaceae is an aromatic herb

with tuberous root-stalk and very short stem. The tubers contain crotepoxide and -sitosterol

(Husain et al, 1992). Asolkar et al (1992) also reported crotepoxide in tubers. Tuber contains

essential oil which give a compound with melting point 149oC which yielded benzoic acid

on hydrolysis (Rastogi and Mehrotra, 1990). The tubers are acrid, thermogenic aromatic,

stomachic, antiinflammatory, sialagogue, emetic, antitumour and vulnerary (Warrier et al,

1995)

11

References

Asolkar, L.V., Kakkar, K. K. and Chakre, O. J. 1992. Second Supplement to Glossary of

Indian Medicinal Plants with Active Principles Part I (A-K). (1965-81). Publications

and Informations Directorate (CSIR), New Delhi. 414p.

Chopra I.C., Khajuria, B.N. and Chopra, C.L. 1957. Antibacterial principles of Alpinia

galanga and Acorus calamus. Antibiotics Chemother, 7:378.

Chopra, R. N., Nayar, S. L. and Chopra, I. C. 1980. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants.

CSIR, New Delhi.

Chunekar, K. C. 1982. Bhavaprakashanighantu of Sri Bhavamishra. Commentary, Varanasi

(in Hindi).

Gamble J.S. 1987. Flora of the presidency of Madras. Vol.III. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal

Singh, Dehra Dun, India. Pp.1478-1493.

Husain, A., Virmani, O. P., Popli, S. P., Misra, L. N., Gupta, M. M., Srivastava, G. N.

Abraham, Z. and Singh, A. K. 1992. Dictionary of Indian Medicinal Plants. CIMAP,

Lucknow, India.546p.

Husain, A., Virmani, O. P., Sharma, A., Kumar, A. and Misra, L.N. 1988. Major Essential

oil-Bearing Plants of India. CIMAP, Lucknow. p.34.

KAU. 1983. Annual Research Report. Kerala agricultural University, Thrissur.

KAU. 1984. Annual Research Report. Kerala agricultural University, Thrissur.

KAU. 1992. Annual Research Report. Kerala agricultural University, Thrissur.

Kirtikar, K. R. and Basu, B.D. 1987. Indian Medicinal Plants. Internat. Book Distributors,

Dehra Dun.p.2444-2449.

Kirtikar, K. R. and Basu, B.D. 1988. Indian Medicinal Plants. vol. II. Internat. Book

Distributors, Dehra Dun.

Nadkarni, K. M. 1998. Indian Medicinal Plants and Drugs- with their Medicinal Properties

and Uses. Asiatic Publishing House New Delhi. 450p..

Sastry, M.S. 1961. Comparitive chemical study of two varieties of galangal. Indian J.

Pharm., 23:76.

Sivarajan, V. V. and Balachandran, I. 1994. Ayurvedic drugs and their Plant Sources.

Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 570p.

Thakur, R. S., Puri, H. S. and Husain, A. 1989. Major Medicinal Plants of India, CIMAP,

Lucknow, India.pp.50-52.

Warrier, P. K., Nambiar, V. P. K. and Ramankutty, C. 1993-1995. Indian Medicinal Plants.

Vol.1-5. Orient Longman Ltd., Madras.

12

Annexure –V

9. Technical Programme

The following 8 experiments are to be taken up under the scheme.

i) Optimum stage of harvest in Chittaratha.

ii) Spacing and manurial requirements of Chittaratha.

iii) Spacing and manurial requirements of Kastoorimanjal.

iv) Optimum planting spacing in Chengazhinirkizhangu.

v) Screening of organic manures and biofertilizers for maximum yield in

Chengazhinirkizhangu.

vi) Fertilizer requirement of Chengazhinirkizhangu.

vii) Physico-chemical changes in Chengazhinirkizhangu rhizomes during storage.

viii) Evaluation of lesser known medicinal and aromatic plants of Zingiberaceae

for essential oils and other chemical constituents.

The Experiment-wise details are furnished below.

i) Optimum stage of harvest in Alpinia galanga (Chittaratha)

Objective : To identify the optimum stage of harvest in Chittaratha for obtaining

maximum rhizome and oil yield.

Design : RBD.

Replications : 3

Treatment : 11 harvest stages (harvesting at 3 months interval from 6 months after

planting till 3 years)

Observations:

Growth parameters : Plant height, tillers, leaves.

Yield parameters : Rhizome yield, oil yield, oil recovery gas chromatogram of

the oil

ii) Spacing and manurial requirements of Alpinia galanga (Chittaratha)

Objective : To find out the optimum spacing and manurial requirements of Chittaratha.

Design : RBD.

Replications : 3

Treatments : 4 x 5 = 20 factorial combinations of

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a) four spacings (cm): 30x20, 40x30, 60x40, 60x60

b) five manurial treatments:

1. Control

2. FYM, 20t/ha.

3. N, P2 O5 and K2O at 100:50:50 kg/ha

(N & K in 2 equal splits)

4. Green manuring insitu (sowing cowpea at 25 kg/ha uprooting at 45 DAS and

using as mulch

5. Biofertilizer - Azospirillum at 10 kg/ha.

Observations:

1. Grwoth parameters : plant height, tillers, leaves.

2. Yield parameters : Rhizome yield, oil yield, oil recovery.

3. NPK status of the soil and removal by the crop.

iii) Spacing and manurial requirements of curcuma sp (Kastoorimanjal)

Objective : To find out the optimum spacing and manurial requirement of

Kastoorimanjal.

Design : RBD

Replications : 3

Treatments : 4 x 5 = 20 factorial combinations of

i) four spacings (cm) : 20x20, 30x20, 30x30, 40x30

ii) five manurial treatment

1. control

2. FYM, 20t/ha.

3. N, P2O5 and K2O at 100:50:50 kg/ha.

4. Green manuring insitu (sowing cowpea at 25 kg/ha, uprooting at flowering and

using as mulch)

5. Biofertilizer : Azospirillum at 10 kg/ha.

Observations:

Growth parameters : plant height, tillers, leaves

Yield parameters : rhizome yield, oil yield, oil recovery.

NPK status of soil and removal by crop.

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iv) Optimum planting spacing in Chengazhinirkizhangu (Kaempferia rotunda)

Objective : To find out the optimum spacing and plant population requirement

of Kaempferia rotunda for maximum yield.

Design : RBD

Replications : 4

Treatments : Five spacings (cm)

30x20, 30x30, 40x30, 60x40, 60x60

Observations:

Growth Parameters : Plant height, tillers, leaves

Yield parameters : Rhizome yield.

v) Screening of organic manures and biofertilizers for maximum yield in Kaempferia

rotunda.

Objective : To assess the requirement of organic manures and biofertilizers for

realising maximum yield in Kaempferia rotunda.

Design : RBD

Replications : 3

Treatments : 14 (depicted in table 4)

Observations:

Growth parameters : plant height, tillers, leaves

Yield parameters : Rhizome yield.

vi) Fertilizer requirement of Kaempferia rotunda

Objective : To find out the fertilizer requirement of Kaempferia rotunda for maximum

yield.

Design : RBD

Replications : 3

Treatments : 4 x 2 +2 = 10

a) Four levels of N : 50; 100; 150 and 200 kg/ha.

b) Two ratios of N : P2O5: K2O: 1:1:1 and 2:1:1

c) Controls : 1) FYM @ 30t/ha as basal

2) Absolute control

Observations:

Growth parameters : plant height , tillers, leaves

Yield parameters : rhizome yield

NPK status of soil and removal of crop

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vii) Physico-chemical changes in Kaempferia rotunda rhizomes during storage

Objective : To study the effect of drying and storage methods on the quality of Kaempferia

rotunda.

Design : RBD

Replications : 3

Treatments : 3x3 = 9 factorial combinations of

a) Drying method

1. Drying separated whole fingers in sun for 3-4 days

2. Drying sliced fingers in sun for 2-3 days

3. Oven drying sliced fingers to 13-14% moisture

(oven drying at 70oC for 8 hrs each, 3-4 days)

b) Storage methods

1. Storing in gunny bags

2. Storing in plastic bags

3. Storing in airtight containers (metallic)

Observations:

The following observations to be recorded after 6 and 12 months of storage

i) change in weight

ii) Scoring for pests and diseases

iii) Other quality parameters.

Progress of work

The experiment was started. Kaempferia rotunda rhizomes were processed and stored

as per treatments. Observations will be recorded after 6 and 12 months of storage.

viii) Evaluation of lesser known medicinal and aromatic plants of Zingiberaceae family

for essential oils and their chemical constituents

Objective:

To evaluate the important species in the genera of alpinia, curcuma and Kaempferia

for essential oils and their chemical constituents.

Technical programme

The important species such as Alpinia galanga, A. Calearata, A.allnghas, Curcuma

aromatica, C. longa, Kaempferia galanga, K. rotunda, etc. will be cultivated in small plots.

The crop will be harvested at maturity after recording growth and yeild observations. The

rhizome will be analysed for yield and recovery of essential oils and oleoresins. The gas

chromatographic analysis will also be undertaken.

Observations

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Growth parameters : Plant height, tillers, leaves

Yield parameters : Rhizome yield, oil recovery characteristics

Gas chromatogram of oil

The field experiment was laid out. The crop is managed well. Growth and yield

observations are being recorded.

I Year : Experiment Nos 1 to 5 will be conducted

II Year : Experiment Nos 6 to 8 will be conducted and Nos 1 to 5 will be repeated

III Year: Experiment Nos 6 to 8 will be repeated

Main items of observations

Growth parameters : Plant height, tillers, leaves

Yield parameters : Rhizome yield, oil recovery characteristics

Gas chromatogram of oil

10. Facilities available

a. Equipment and apparatus

Clevenger apparatus

Gas liquid chromatograph

High pressure Liquid Chromatograph

Flame photometer

Spectrophotometer

Computer facilities

b. Area and land : 5 hectares for experimentation

c. Laboratory and office

Laboratory and office facilities of the station can be utilized.

Additional Facilities required

Equipment and apparatus

SL. No.

Equipment Number Approximate cost (Rs.)

Justification

1 Lux meter 1 15000 For light

measurements

2 Block digeter 1 70000 For the digestion

of plant samples

for quality

analysis

3 GLC columns 1 40000 For quality

analysis of oil

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12. Duration 3 years

13. Staff requirements

Designation of post : Research Associates

Number of posts : 1

Scale of pay : Rs. 10000 (consolidated)

Qualification prescribed : M. Sc. (Ag.)/Ph. D. In Agronomy

14. Estimate of costs

Name of post Scale of pay (Rs.) I year II year III year Total

Research

Associate

10000

(consolidated)

120000 120000 120000 360000

15. Recurring and non-recurring contingencies (Rs.)

Year Recurring Non-recurring

Staff salaries Contingencies TA Equipment Total

I year 120000 75000 10000 115000

II year 120000 100000 10000

III year 120000 125000 10000

Total 360000 200000 30000 115000 705000

Institutional charges @ 10% 70500

Grand total 360000 200000 30000 115000 775500

Rupees seven lakhs seventy five thousand and five hundred only

16. Receipts anticipated : Rs.50000/-

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17. Undertaking

Certified that

i) The research work proposed in the scheme does not in any way duplicate the research

work already dine and being carried out elsewhere on the project

ii) The scale of pay, allowances, etc proposed above are those admissible to the persons

of corresponding status employed under the Kerala Agricultural University.

iii) The present scheme cannot be combined with any scheme financed by the council,

Central and State Governments, Universities, or private institute if their own funds.

iv) Necessary provision for the scheme will be made in the University budgetin

anticipation of the sanction to the scheme by the council.

v) We undertake to abide by the guidelines provided by the council in implementation of

the ad-hoc project.

Principal Investigator

Signature

Date 14-03-2000

Name Joy P. P.

Designation Ph. D. Scholar (Agronomy)

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APPLICATION FOR GRANT FOR AD-HOC RESEARCH SCHEME

Standardisation of Agrotechniques

in Lesser Known Aromatic and Medicinal Plants of

Zingiberaceae

Submitted to

Indian Council of Agricultural ResearchNew Delhi

Department of Agronomy

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College of Horticulture, VellanikkaraKerala Agricultural University, Main Campus

KAU Post, Thrissur-680 656

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